| Performance Effects of Mounting a Helmet-Mounted Display on the ANVIS Mount of the HGU-56P Helmet (Reprint) |
SEP 2006 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Thomas H. Harding; John S. Martin; Clarence E. Rash; ARMY AEROMEDICAL RESEARCH LAB FORT RUCKER AL
|
 | The U.S. Army, under the auspices of the Air Warrior Product Office, is developing a modular helmet-mounted display (HMD) for four aircraft series within its helicopter fleet. A design consideration is mounting the HMDs to the HGU-56P Aviator's Night Vision Imaging System (ANVIS) mount. This particular mount is being considered, presumably due to its inherent cost savings, as the mount is already part of the helmet. Mounting the HMD in ... |
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| Luminous Efficiency and the Measurement of Daytime Displays, Signals, and Visors |
JAN 2005 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Lawrence K. Harrington; Carl J. Bassi; Carol K. Peck; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH HUMAN EFFECTIVENESS DIRECTORATE
|
| Measurements concerning the usability or safety of optical equipment are based on assumptions regarding luminous efficiency. The current luminous efficiency functions are derived from human sensitivity experiments taken at low light levels compared to the outdoor daytime environment. The amount of error induced by extrapolating from low light level data to high light level applications is not known. We sought to determine whether standard luminous efficiency curves CIE V(gamma) and ... |
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| Luminous Efficiency Functions at Higher Intensities |
APR 2004 |
66 pages |
| Authors:
Lawrence K. Harrington; MISSOURI UNIV-ST LOUIS
|
| Two psychophysical measurement techniques, flicker photometry and successive heterochromatic brightness matching, were used to measure changes in luminance efficiency functions with increasing levels of light adaptation. Both measurement techniques were performed using the same optical system and the same seven healthy adults as subjects. Measurements were taken at four reference stimulus intensities, 1, 10, 100 and 1000 foot-lamberts. Luminous efficiency was found to depend on both the technique and the ... |
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| Automatic Legibility Control (ALC) of Electronic Displays |
FEB 2003 |
427 pages |
| Authors:
Keith T. Burnette; BURNETTE ENGINEERING FAIRBORN OH
|
| Pilot legibility requirements are investigated to establish a basis for implementing automatic control over electronic and conventional displays, in day through night aircraft cockpit viewing environments. Applicable legibility test results, published by different experimenters over much of the past century, are examined and analyzed, and comparisons are used to assess their validity as display control criteria. The mathematical model of the human visual system developed provides a basis for the ... |
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| Luminance Contrast Requirements for Colored Symbols in Helmet-Mounted Displays |
NOV 2002 |
16 pages |
| Authors:
Gary L. Martinsen; Paul R. Having; Eric L. Heft; John M. LaCreta; David L. Post; LOGICON TECHNICAL SERVICES INC DAYTON OH
|
| Previously, we presented an experiment in which we defined minimum, but not sufficient, luminance contrast ratios for color recognition and legibility for helmet-mounted display (HMD) use. In that experiment, observers made a subjective judgment of their ability to recognize a color by stopping the incremental increase in contrast ratio of a static display. For some target color/background combinations, there were extremely high error rates and in these cases sufficient contrast ... |
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| Exploring a Chromatic Oblique Effect |
SEP 97 |
104 pages |
| Authors:
Paul G. Curran; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| For centuries, military forces have used camouflage to obscure potential targets from the enemy. Because the eye is fairly adept at picking out edges, colors, and bright areas, camouflage is often used to degrade these qualities from human detection. The purpose of this thesis was to investigate the role of certain spatial, temporal, and chromatic features on the human visual system and how these features may aid the quest for ... |
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| Perception of an Illusory Form Under Conditions of Limited Visibility |
MAY 96 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Jeff C. Rabin; ARMY AEROMEDICAL RESEARCH LAB FORT RUCKER AL
|
| Ambiguous figures and visual illusions are difficult to perceive when presented in terms of color contrast rather than luminance contrast. This finding has prompted the notion that the perception of these forms depends primarily on processing along an achromatic, luminance pathway. Others contend that the perception of such figures depends on the visibility of the stimulus rather than on the particular pathway traversed from eye to brain. If visibility is ... |
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| Perception of an Illusory Form Under Conditions of Limited Visibility |
APR 96 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Jeff C. Rabin; ARMY AEROMEDICAL RESEARCH LAB FORT RUCKER AL
|
| Ambiguous figures and visual illusions are difficult to perceive when presented in terms of color contrast rather than luminance contrast. This finding has prompted the notion that the perception of these forms depends primarily on processing along an achromatic, luminance pathway. Others contend that the perception of such figures depends on the visibility of the stimulus rather than on the particular pathway traversed from eye to brain. If visibility is ... |
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| Luminance Effects on Visual Acuity and Small Letter Contrast Sensitivity |
FEB 95 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
Jeff Rabin; ARMY AEROMEDICAL RESEARCH LAB FORT RUCKER AL
|
| The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of luminance on visual acuity (VA) and small letter contrast sensitivity (SLCS). Computer- generated letter charts were used to measure VA and SLCS (6/7.5 (20/25) Snellen equivalent) as a function of stimulus luminance. Letter size (VA) and contrast (SLCS) were varied in equal logarithmic steps, making the task and scoring procedure comparable for the two types of measurement. Both VA ... |
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| An Empirical Approach to Visual Display Preference Based Upon Modulation Transfer Function and Luminance |
AUG 94 |
80 pages |
| Authors:
Ronald J. Evans; DAYTON UNIV OH RESEARCH INST
|
| The purpose of the present study was to develop a three-dimensional preference space for displays as a function of the display modulation transfer function (MTF) and average display luminance. For any MTF-luminance combination, then, the goal was to generate a point in the third dimension denoting the preference for that pair. A paired comparison experiment was conducted where, on individual trials, observers viewed side-by-side images varying in MTF (5 levels) ... |
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| Draft Standard for Color Active Matrix Liquid Crystal Displays (AMLCDS) in U.S. Military Aircraft. Recommended Best Practices |
JUN 94 |
70 pages |
| Authors:
Darrel G. Hopper; William K. Dolezal; Keith Schur; John W. Liccione; WRIGHT LAB WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH
|
| This report is written in the format of a military standard as a draft to establish the performance, form, fit, design, and development requirements for a family of color active matrix liquid crystal display (AMLCD) modules to be procured for military airborne cockpit applications. This document provides guidance for the selection, design, and development of AMLCD flat panel displays for use in military aircraft cockpits. (Author) |
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| Abrupt Luminance Change Pop-Outs: Abrupt Color Change Does Not |
13 OCT 93 |
18 pages |
| Authors:
J. Theeuwes; INSTITUTE FOR PERCEPTION RVO-TNO SOESTERBERG (NETHERLANDS)
|
| The present study investigated whether an isoluminant color change pops-out indicating that it can be detected pre-attentively in parallel. Experiment 1 shows that an abrupt color change presented on an isoluminant background does not pop-out. However, when the color change is accompanied by a small luminance change, it pops-out and attracts attention. Experiment 2 shows that the pop-out is fully due to the luminance change and not to the color ... |
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| The Effects of Luminance Boundaries on Color Perception |
20 JUL 93 |
39 pages |
| Authors:
Richard E. Kronauer; Charles F. Stromeyer III; Alex Chaparro; HARVARD UNIV CAMBRIDGE MA DIV OF APPLIED SCIENCES
|
| The luminance and red-green chromatic detection mechanisms respond to, respectively, the sum and difference of the long-wave (L) and middle-wave (M) cone contrast signals. The most-detectable stimulus is not a small patch of luminance drifting grating, as suggested by others, but rather a small, foveal red-green chromatic flash. Even at the smallest test size examined, 2.3' diameter, the red-green mechanism is more sensitive than the luminance mechanism, which has profound ... |
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| Redundant Use of Luminance and Flashing with Shape and Color as Highlighting Codes in Symbolic Displays |
JUN 1993 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
Karl F. Van Orden; Joseph DiVita; Matthew J. Shim; NAVAL SUBMARINE MEDICAL RESEARCH LAB GROTON CT
|
| Three visual search experiments evaluated the benefits and distracting effects of using luminance and flashing to highlight subclasses of symbols coded by shape and color. Each of three general shape/color classes (circular/blue, diamond/red, square/yellow) was divided into three subclasses by presenting the upper half, lower half, or entire symbol. Increasing the luminance of a subclass by a factor of two did not result in a significant improvement in search performance. ... |
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| Human Visual Limitations on Suprathreshold Contrast Perception Through ANVIS |
DEC 92 |
24 pages |
| Authors:
Jeff C. Rabin; ARMY AEROMEDICAL RESEARCH LAB FORT RUCKER AL
|
| Recent success on the battlefield underscored the tactical advantage of night operations and image intensifying devices. It is important to understand both the benefits and limitations inherent in these devices. While several studies have focused on spatial resolution thresholds through image intensifiers, less is known about visual perception at suprathreshold levels of stimulation. Such information is necessary to anticipate and predict visual performance under various conditions. In this study contrast ... |
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| Luminance, Contrast and Polarization of White Light Reflected from Ground Combat Vehicles |
JUN 92 |
331 pages |
| Authors:
Roy M. Matchko; Grant R. Gerhart; TACOM RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT AND ENGINEERING CENTER WARREN MI
|
| This document presents the results of a comprehensive study for the luminance and polarization characteristics of three selected combat vehicles. The objective was to measure and analyze bi-directional reflectance data for the M60 tank, the Marine Corps amphibious Light Armored Vehicle (LAV25), the Ml tank and various background scenes. The goal was to understand the passive, visual signatures of these vehicles in terms of phenomenological parameters such as angles of ... |
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| The Effects of Luminance Boundaries on Color Perception |
30 APR 92 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
R. E. Kronauer; C. F. Stromeyer III; A. Chaparro; R. T. Eskew Jr; HARVARD UNIV CAMBRIDGE MA DIV OF APPLIED SCIENCES
|
| Extensive measurements were made for detecting luminance and red- green flashes in the center of a bright yellow field. Thresholds, plotted in L and M-cone contrast coordinates, indicate that chromatic flashes are more visible than luminance flashes even at very small size (2' diameter). Over a wide range of flash diameters and durations the chromatic flashes are detected with considerably higher efficiency (in units of cone contrast energy) than the ... |
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| Eye Movements and Spatial Pattern Vision |
15 JUL 90 |
|
| Authors:
Lawrence E. Arend; EYE RESEARCH INST OF RETINA FOUNDATION BOSTON MA
|
 | Models of human lightness and color perception must take account of color constancy, a tendency for apparent surface color to be relatively independent of the color and intensity of the illuminating light source. Our observers matched the lightness (apparent reflectances) and brightnesses (apparent luminances) of regions in simple and complex achromatic spatial patterns. The data showed that the observers' knowledge of the surface reflectances was unaffected by brightness changes due ... |
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| The Effects of Luminance Boundaries on Color Perception |
12 APR 90 |
|
| Authors:
Richard E. Kronauer; R. T. Eskew Jr.; C. F. Stromeyer III; HARVARD UNIV CAMBRIDGE MA DIV OF APPLIED SCIENCES
|
| When a suprathreshold luminance flash, presented as an increment on a larger background field, accompanies a circular equiluminant chromatic flash at the same spatial location, the chromatic threshold is reduced by about two-fold. This facilitation results from the clearly-visible edges of the luminance flash (the 'pedestal') serving to demarcate the test region, segregating it from its surround. Signal detection experiments show that this facilitation does not occur because the contour ... |
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| The Effects of Luminance Boundaries on Color Perception |
15 NOV 89 |
|
| Authors:
Richard E. Kronauer; R. T. Eskew Jr.; Charles F. Stromeyer III; HARVARD UNIV CAMBRIDGE MA DIV OF APPLIED SCIENCES
|
| When a suprathreshold luminance flash, presented as an increment on a larger background field, accompanies a circular isoluminant chromatic flash at the same spatial location, chromatic threshold is reduced by about two-fold. This facilitation results from the clearly-visible edges of the luminance flash (the pedestal ) serving to demarcate the test region, segregating it from its surround. Recent signal detection experiments show that this facilitation does not occur as a ... |
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| Attenuating the Luminous Output of the AN/PVS-5A Night Vision Goggles and Its Effects on Visual Acuity |
SEP 89 |
36 pages |
| Authors:
Richard R. Levine; Charence E. Rash; ARMY AEROMEDICAL RESEARCH LAB FORT RUCKER AL
|
| Aviators in combat may be subjected to a variety of noxious light stimuli. Filters and other eye protective devices may be used to counter these threats. At night, filters may be used in conjunction with image intensification devices (e.g., night vision goggles) to provide useful low-light vision as well as protection from deleterious light sources (e.g., lasers, pyrotechnics, nuclear fireballs, etc.). Technologies may be combined in a single, integrated head ... |
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| Solving the Brightness-from-Luminance Problem: A Neural Architecture for Invariant Brightness Perception. |
FEB 1989 |
|
| Authors:
Stephen Grossberg; Dejan Todorovic; BOSTON UNIV MA CENTER FOR ADAPTIVE SYSTEMS
|
| The spatial distribution of light that constitutes the input to our eyes is the foundation of all visual functions, such as perception of brightness, color, texture, form, and 3-D organization. The perception of brightness may perhaps appear to be the simplest of all functions: The most natural initial explanation of why surface A appears brighter than surface B is that more light arrives into our eyes from surface A than ... |
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| Aircraft Color Displays: Chromaticity and Luminance Requirements |
23 AUG 88 |
|
| Authors:
William A. Breitmaier; NAVAL AIR DEVELOPMENT CENTER WARMINSTER PA AIR VEHICLE AND CREW SYSTEMS TECHN OLOGY DEPT
|
| Color coding of aircraft display information, when used properly, can decrease the pilot's workload in performing certain visual tasks. In order to be effective, the luminance levels and chromaticity coordinates (with limits) need to be specified. This report provides human factors design guidelines for developing color display criteria. The issues addressed include luminance contrast, color differences, sunlight ambient illumination, and chromaticity recommendations. Keywords: Color Displays, Human factors, Color Differences, Luminance, ... |
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| The ABC's of Automatic Brightness Control |
MAY 88 |
|
| Authors:
Robin Merrifield; Louis D. Silverstein; BOEING COMMERCIAL AIRPLANE CO SEATTLE WA
|
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| The Effect of HUD (Head-Up-Display) Symbology Size on Operator Performance Under Various Luminance Conditions |
DEC 87 |
|
| Authors:
William N. Kama; Gilbert G. Kuperman; HARRY G ARMSTRONG AEROSPACE MEDICAL RESEARCH LAB WRIGHT- PATTERSON AFB OH
|
| A study was conducted to determine the amount of reduction that could be imposed upon the size of symbology and scales used on the A-10 aircraft head- up-display (HUD). Four symbology and scale sizes were selected for study: 1) the current A-10 HUD display size; 2) a 15% reduction of the current display size; 3) a 30% reduction; and (4) a 45% reduction of the current display size. Twelve subjects ... |
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| Development of a Chromatic/Luminance Contrast Scale |
DEC 87 |
126 pages |
| Authors:
Lynn A. Olzak; James P. Thomas; Harold Stanislaw; CALIFORNIA UNIV LOS ANGELES VISUAL PSYCHOPHYSICS LAB
|
| A model was developed to predict the detectability of small low- contrast targets viewed against a uniform background in daylight conditions. The model quantitatively describes the interrelationships among detectability, target size, target luminance, target chromaticity, background chromaticity, and background luminance. A theoretical approach was used to develop a general form of the predictive model. Two empirical studies were performed to estimate parameters of the model, and a final study was ... |
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| Design and Testing of a Luminance and Chrominance Stabilization System for a Computer-Controlled Color Display |
JUL 87 |
|
| Authors:
Willard W. Farley; VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INST AND STATE UNIV BLACKSBURG HUMAN FACTORS LAB
|
| The improvements in computer display technology have made it possible for researchers in color vision to make use of this technology to generate stimuli for color research. The early research has shown the tremendous advantages of this technique in the large number of different stimuli that can be presented in a single experiment. Unfortunately, the early research also highlighted several problems with the computer display system. One of the major ... |
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| The Effect of Contrast on Target Detection in PBB (Passive Broadband) Displays |
27 JUN 86 |
|
| Authors:
Joseph DiVita; NAVAL SUBMARINE MEDICAL RESEARCH LAB GROTON CT
|
| If the number of luminance levels in the PBB display is increased, target detectability is enhanced. One possible explanation of this enhancement is that the target's contrast ratio is increased as the number of luminance levels in the display is increased. In order to test this directly, the number of luminance levels in a PBB display was held constant and the target's contrast ratio was increased by increasing the range ... |
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| The Effect of Background Luminance on Color-Coding |
15 JUL 85 |
|
| Authors:
A. R. Jacobsen; NAVAL SUBMARINE MEDICAL RESEARCH LAB GROTON CT
|
| The effect of background raster luminance on the ability to learn and recall color coded information was studied via a paired-associates paradigm. Twenty color circles, paired with two-digit numbers were presented on a color graphics CRT terminal. On test trials each colored circle was presented by itself and observers were required to verbally recall the two-digit number that was previously paired with the target color. Time to recall as well ... |
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| Displaying Colors of Specified Chrominance on a Color Graphics Display |
DEC 1982 |
|
| Authors:
James C. Gutmann; Steven P. Rogers; ANACAPA SCIENCES INC SANTA BARBARA CA
|
| A technique for displaying colors of specified chrominance is reviewed. The technique makes use of models of the bits-to-luminance transfer function of the phosphors of a color graphics system CRT. Measurements of the transfer function of a graphics system were made. Second order polynomial models were found to provide a good fit of the bits-to-luminance relationship. A two- part model or spliced fit approach yielded the most accurate predictions of ... |
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| Distribution of Monochrome Screen Luminance in the CTOL Visual Technology Research Simulator |
NOV 1980 |
|
| Authors:
Joseph R. Owen; NAVAL TRAINING EQUIPMENT CENTER ORLANDO FL
|
| Background and target image display luminance of the Visual Technology Research Simulator's wide angle screen was measured to define the performance levels used in conducting experiments and demonstrations of the Conventional Takeoff and Landing carrier simulations during 1978-80. Daytime display brightness is typically 4 footlamberts with a contrast ratio of 8:1. Nighttime display brightness is typically 1.5 footlamberts with a contrast ratio of 30:1. These display values are the result ... |
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| Display Measurements. The Effects of HUD (Head-Up Displays) Glow on Visual Performance. |
FEB 1979 |
|
| Authors:
Richard A. Spearnock; AIR FORCE AVIONICS LAB WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH
|
| This report examines residual glow in head-up displays. The contrast threshold work of Blackwell is used to estimate the detrimental effects of this glow on operator (pilot) performance. It is shown that even small amounts of glow can have serious detrimental effects on performance. The amount of detriment is a function of the level of glow, the operator's state of luminance adaptation, and the perceived contrast ratio between the target ... |
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| Contrast Sensitivity of the Human Visual System at One Luminance Level While Adapted to a Stimulus at Another Luminance Level |
DEC 1978 |
145 pages |
| Authors:
Charles G. Smith; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSONAFB OH SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
|
| This report documents an investigation of the hypothesis that the organization of the receptive fields in the human visual system changes to compensate for changes in the average luminance of the visual stimulus. Foveal measurements of contrast sensitivity to sinusoidal spatial frequency were made at one luminance level while the subjects were adapted to a spatial sinusoid of a different average luminance. The luminance levels used were 3.65 and 35.5 ... |
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| Development of a High Accuracy Luminance Calibration Service for Radioluminous Sources. |
10 FEB 1976 |
|
| Authors:
L. Fecteau; ARMY METROLOGY AND CALIBRATION CENTER REDSTONE ARSENAL ALA METROLOGY DEVELOPMENT AND ENGINEERING DIV
|
| A technique has been developed for accurately measuring the luminance of (quasi-monochromatic) radioluminous sources (RLS's). This development is part of an overall effort to improve the specification subsequent procurement of low light level RLS's. This technique involves the accurate measurement of spectral radiance of the RLS via a spectroradiometer which has been calibrated directly against a freezing point of gold primary standard blackbody. The spectral radiance is then combined with ... |
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Reports by Keyword(s)
*LUMINANCE
