| Investigation of the Growth of Lead Magnesium Niobate - and Lead Zinc Niobate - Lead Titanate Solid Solution Single Crystals by the Bridgeman Technique |
30 MAY 2002 |
43 pages |
| Authors:
Robert S. Feigelson; STANFORD UNIV CA CENTER FOR MATERIALS RESEARCH
|
 | During this program the following milestones were achieved: (1) Developed a method for synthesizing near pyrochlore-free PMNT starting material for crystal growth using the Columbite process and Pb3O4. Pyrochlore-free starting material prevents the crystals from sticking to the walls of the Pt crucibles and thereby prevents some forms of cracking. An another important development was the use of commercial magnesium niobate that reduced the number of processing steps and time ... |
|
| Processing Effects on the Morphology of Hydrothermally Derived Nanocrystalline Lead Titanate |
NOV 2001 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
Zhiyuan Ye; Elliott B. Slamovich; Alexander H. King; PURDUE UNIV LAFAYETTE IN SCHOOL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
|
| Nanocrystalline lead titanate was synthesized by reacting nanocrystalline titanium oxide in aqueous solutions of potassium hydroxide and lead acetate at 200 degrees C. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and TEM studies suggest that the initial KOH concentration influenced the nucleation and growth behavior of the lead titanate nanoparticles. Powders were processed in aqueous solutions containing 0.10 M lead acetate and a Pb:Ti ratio of 1, with varying concentrations of KOH. Powders processed ... |
|
| A Technique for Achieving 4000 Microstrain from Hard PZT |
30 MAR 98 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Christopher S. Lynch; GEORGIA INST OF TECH ATLANTA SCHOOL OFMECHANICAL ENGINEERING
|
| The year 2 effort was divided between experimental characterization of the constitutive behavior of ferroelectric ceramics and reliability of actuators constructed from these materials. Key results of the study of the constitutive behavior under combined stress and electric field loading were the ability to obtain over 3000 microstrain from PZT without excessive hysteresis or cracking and the characterization of several compositions of PZT under high ... |
|
| Development of a Two-Level Fabrication Process for PbTiO3 Pyroelectric Arrays |
1998 |
18 pages |
| Authors:
Barry E. Cole; R. H. Horning; HONEYWELL TECHNOLOGY CENTER PLYMOUTH MN
|
| Collosal magnetoresistive (CMR) films, on lattice matched substrates, can achieve a thermal coefficient of resistance (TCR) in excess of 10%, significantly higher than the present 2% VOx. This material is not a pyroelectric but was an extension of the existing resistive bolometer approach. The resistance change which has been much studied arises from electron transport changes with temperature caused by changes in the electronic energy levels of the ferromagnetically coupled ... |
|
| Materials for Adaptive Structural Acoustic Control. Volume VI |
14 APR 97 |
161 pages |
| Authors:
L. E. Cross; PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIV UNIVERSITY PARK MATERIALS RESEARCH LAB
|
| This report documents work carried out largely over the fifth and final year of the ONR sponsored University Research Initiative (URI) entitled 'Materials for Adaptive Structural Acoustic Control.' This program has continued to foster the successful development of new electroceramic single crystal and composite material combinations for both sensing and actuation functions in adaptive structural systems. |
|
| Materials for Adaptive Structural Acoustic Control. Volume V |
14 APR 97 |
162 pages |
| Authors:
L. E. Cross; PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIV UNIVERSITY PARK MATERIALS RESEARCH LAB
|
| This report documents work carried out largely over the fifth and final year of the ONR sponsored University Research Initiative (URI) entitled 'Materials for Adaptive Structural Acoustic Control.' This program has continued to foster the successful development of new electroceramic single crystal and composite material combinations for both sensing and actuation functions in adaptive structural systems. |
|
| Materials for Adaptive Structural Acoustic Control. Volume IV |
14 APR 97 |
178 pages |
| Authors:
L. E. Cross; PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIV UNIVERSITY PARK MATERIALS RESEARCH LAB
|
| This report documents work carried out largely over the fifth and final year of the ONR sponsored University Research Initiative (URI) entitled 'Materials for Adaptive Structural Acoustic Control.' This program has continued to foster the successful development of new electroceramic single crystal and composite material combinations for both sensing and actuation functions in adaptive structural systems. |
|
| Materials for Adaptive Structural Acoustic Control. Volume III |
14 APR 97 |
158 pages |
| Authors:
L. E. Cross; PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIV UNIVERSITY PARK MATERIALS RESEARCH LAB
|
| This report documents work carried out largely over the fifth and final year of the ONR sponsored University Research Initiative (URI) entitled 'Materials for Adaptive Structural Acoustic Control.' This program has continued to foster the successful development of new electroceramic single crystal and composite material combinations for both sensing and actuation functions in adaptive structural systems. |
|
| Materials for Adaptive Structural Acoustic Control. Volume II |
14 APR 97 |
181 pages |
| Authors:
L. E. Cross; PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIV UNIVERSITY PARK MATERIALS RESEARCH LAB
|
| This report documents work carried out largely over the fifth and final year of the ONR sponsored University Research Initiative (URI) entitled 'Materials for Adaptive Structural Acoustic Control.' This program has continued to foster the successful development of new electroceramic single crystal and composite material combinations for both sensing and actuation functions in adaptive structural systems. |
|
| Materials for Adaptive Structural Acoustic Control. Volume I |
14 APR 97 |
218 pages |
| Authors:
L. E. Cross; PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIV UNIVERSITY PARK MATERIALS RESEARCH LAB
|
| This report documents work carried out largely over the fifth and final year of the ONR sponsored University Research Initiative (URI) entitled 'Materials for Adaptive Structural Acoustic Control.' This program has continued to foster the successful development of new electroceramic single crystal and composite material combinations for both sensing and actuation functions in adaptive structural systems. |
|
| Displacive Transformation in Ceramics |
28 FEB 94 |
565 pages |
| Authors:
W. M. Kriven; C. M. Wayman; D. A. Payne; H. Chen; J. D. Bass; ILLINOIS UNIV AT URBANA DEPT OF MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
|
| An interdisciplinary study of displacive phase transformations in ceramics has been undertaken. The unifying themes were to obtain an in-depth understanding of (1) nucleation and (2) transformation mechanisms. The ceramic systems focused on, and studied from different perspective, included lead titanate (PbTiO3), potassium niobate (KNbO3), yttrium barium copper oxide (YBa2Cu3O6+x) and dicalcium silicate (Ca2SiO4). The cubic to tetragonal transformation in PbTiO3 was proven to be martensitic, and the experimental observations ... |
|
| Demonstration and Fabrication of Large Area 1-3 PZT Composite Panels |
28 FEB 93 |
24 pages |
| Authors:
FIBER MATERIALS INC BIDDEFORD ME
|
| Fiber Materials, Inc. has been contracted by the Office of Naval Research to develop actuator/sensor technology for smart structures through economical and automated fabrication of large area 1-3 piezocomposite advanced materials. |
|
| Research on Lead Titanate Films for Radiation Detection |
04 NOV 92 |
33 pages |
| Authors:
Barrett E. Cole; Robert D. Horning; Paul W. Kruse; HONEYWELL SENSOR AND SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT CENTER BLOOMINGTON MN
|
| The objectives of the contract were to prepare thin films of PbTiO3, measure their properties and determine their performance for pyroelectric detection of infrared and millimeter-wave (94 GHz) radiation. Thin films of PbTiO 3 were deposited on silicon microstructures consisting of Si3N4 membranes over etch pits in silicon substrates. Upper and lower Pt electrodes formed electrical contacts to the PbTiO3 pyroelectric films. Aluminum metallizations in the form of full-wave and ... |
|
| Device Effects of Various Zr/Ti Ratios of PZT Thin-Films Prepared by SOL-GEL Method, |
05 APR 1991 |
|
| Authors:
H. Watanabe; T. Mihara; C. A. Paz De Araujo; COLORADO UNIV AT COLORADO SPRINGS
|
 | PZT, PbZr sub x Tl sub 1-x 03, thin-films with various Zr/Ti ratios, 1 00/0 (lead zirconate) to 0/100 (lead titanate), were prepared by the sol-gel method. Basic electric properties, dielectric constant, tan sigma, P-E hysteresis curve, switching properties were measured respectively as a function of composition. Dielectric constant indicated a specific peak value (approximately 1100) around the morphotropic phase boundary between tetragonal and rhombohedral phase. Satisfactory low-voltage saturated hysteresis ... |
|
| Preparation of PbTiO sub 3 Thin Films by Laser Ablation, |
05 APR 1991 |
|
| Authors:
Masanori Okuyama; Tadayuki Imai; Yoshihiro Hamakawa; OSAKA UNIV (JAPAN)
|
| PbTiO3 thin films have been deposited on Si or Pt substrates by laser ablation method using ArF excimer or YAG laser. Species evaporated in the vacuum have been studied by mass analysis, and the measured Pb and Ti are not oxidized. Spacial distributions of the deposition rates on the substrate have been studied as a parameter of laser fluence. The excimer laser gives better films than the YAG. Perovskite films ... |
|
| Crack-Free PZT Thin Films Micropatterned on Silicon Substrate for Integrated Circuits, |
05 APR 1991 |
|
| Authors:
Motoo Toyama; Naoto Inoue; Masanori Okuyama; OSAKA UNIV (JAPAN)
|
| Process for getting crack-free lead zirconate titanate (PZT) thin films micropatterned on Si substrate is demonstrated. The PZT film was deposited at temperatures below 30 deg C by magnetron sputtering using a ceramic target, and then etched before annealing. After annealed above 500 deg C to get perovskite phase, the PZT films shows no crack, while PZT films, not patterned, has cracks. This result can be explained as dissipation of ... |
|
| Statistical Investigation of SOL-GEL Lead Titanate (PT) Processing, |
05 APR 1991 |
|
| Authors:
B. M. Melnick; R. Gallegos; C. A. Paz De Araujo; COLORADO UNIV AT COLORADO SPRINGS
|
| There are three stages involved in the successful application of a thin film sol-gel oxide, (1) solution synthesis, (2) application, and (3) post application treatments. Each stage contains many processing steps that can be varied in order to optimize the thin film for various applications. This work entails a statistical investigation of a thin film sol-gel PT process for use in memory applications. Statistical experimental design yields a maximum amount ... |
|
| PbTi03 Thin Films Grown by Organometallic Chemical Vapour Deposition, |
05 APR 1991 |
|
| Authors:
G. J. M. Dormans; M. De Keijser; P. K. Larsen; PHILIPS RESEARCH LABS EINDHOVEN (NETHERLANDS)
|
| We have used organometallic chemical vapour deposition (OMCVD) to deposit ferroelectric PbTiO3 films on both single crystalline (001)SrTiO3 and oxidized Si substrates provided with a platinum electrode, using the precursors titanium-iso-propoxide and tetra-ethyl lead. Epitaxial PbTiO3 layers were grown on (001)SrTiO3 at temperatures around 700 V. The epitaxial nature of the c-axis oriented PbTiO3 is confirmed by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry including channeling, x-ray diffraction (XRD) and high-resolution electron microscopy. A ... |
|
| Photoresponse from Thin Ferroelectric Films of Lead Zirconate Titanate, |
05 APR 1991 |
|
| Authors:
Sarita Thakoor; Anil P. Thakoor; Stephen E. Bernacki; CALIFORNIA INST OF TECH PASADENA
|
| Bulk (ceramic as well as single crystal) ferroelectric materials are known for their remanent-polarization-dependent photoresponse: a photocurrent (and a photo-emf), when illuminated by light with a wavelength close to the bandgap of the material. This paper reports on observation of a similar photoresponse from sol-gel derived polycrystalline thin films of lead zirconate titanate (PZT) . The internal field due to the remanent polarization modulates this net photoresponse from the ferroelectric ... |
|
| Ferroelectric Pb(Zr,Ti) 03 Thin Films Prepared by Planar Multi-Target Sputtering, |
05 APR 1991 |
|
| Authors:
R. Bruchhaus; H. Huber; D. Pitzer; W. Wersing; SIEMENS A G MUNICH (GERMANY F R)
|
| Lead zirconate titanate films are deposited using a planar multi-target sputtering system. This system consists of three metallic targets (Zr,Pb,Ti) and a rotating substrate holding pallet achieving a layer-by-layer growth of the material. Substrates used in this study were oxidised (100)Si wafers with thin sputtered Pt layer. At substrate temperatures of about 450 deg C in situ (i.e. without post-deposition annealing) deposition of single phase perovskite PZT was obtained. Deposition ... |
|
| A High-Capacitance PZT-on-Ta205 Memory Cell with a Chemically Stable Electrode Suitable for Sub-Micron Processing, |
05 APR 1991 |
|
| Authors:
M. Azuma; T. Nasu; S. Katsu; T. Otsuki; G. Kano; ELECTRONICS RESEARCH LAB ADELAIDE (AUSTRALIA)
|
| A high-capacitance Pb(Zrx, Til-x)03 (PZT)-on-Ta2O5 memory cell suitable for sub-micron processing is proposed, and an experimental capacitor of PZT (Zr/Ti= 52/48)-on-Ta2O5 with Ta electrode was prepared. The X-ray diffraction and XMA analysis of the sample showed that PZT reacted with neither Ta nor Ta2O5. The capacitor with 500 nm PZT thickness shows current density of 10-8 A/cm2 at 4MV/cm,-the breakdown field of 8MV/cm, and the effective dielectric constant of 40. ... |
|
| Chemical Aspects of Pb-Zr-Ti Oxide Thin Film Synthesis by PE-MOCVD Below 500c, |
05 APR 1991 |
|
| Authors:
William T. Petuskey; David A. Richardson; ARIZONA STATE UNIV TEMPE DEPT OF CHEMISTRY
|
| The general features of the chemistry in synthesizing lead zirconium titanate thin films by PE-MOCVD are discussed based on a preliminary experimental investigation. A qualitative model was constructed as a guide for optimizing the formation of the perovskite phase in the as-deposited condition. This was based on concepts of crystal chemistry of the perovskite and pyrochlore structures and the observed deposition kinetics. Currently, thin films containing up to 92 vol ... |
|
| Bottom Electrodes for Integrated Pb(Zr,Ti)03 Films, |
05 APR 1991 |
|
| Authors:
Phillip D. Hren; S. H. Rou; H. N. Al-Shareef; M. S. Ameen; NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIV AT RALEIGH DEPT OF MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
|
| Lower electrodes for Pb(Zr,Ti)03 (PZT) used in ferroelectric random access memories must have good electrical conductivity and must interact as little as possible with the PZT film We have evaluated a number of bottom electrodes for use with PZT films deposited by ion beam sputter deposition These electrodes include Pt, PI/Ti, RuO2, ReO3, and CoSi2/Si3N4, all on SiO2/Si; and TiN and Pt on MgO. Films were studied by XTEM, Auger ... |
|
| Piezoelectric and Electrostrictive Materials for Transducer Applications. Volume 1 |
31 JAN 90 |
256 pages |
| Authors:
L. E. Cross; R. E. Newnham; A. S. Bhalla; J. P. Dougherty; J. H. Adair; PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIV UNIVERSITY PARK MATERIALS RESEARCH LAB
|
| Studies of the 3:0 type composite have evolved a new structure for a much more effective stress transforming composite. The device uses cavities in the electrode structure which are simple, inexpensive and robust. The sensitivity is higher than that of the end capped cylinder for equivalent PZT volume and we believe this will be a most important development for towed array hydrophones. For agile transducer structures, the very high piezoelectric ... |
|
| The Preparation of ACEL Thin Films |
31 JAN 88 |
4 pages |
| Authors:
A. Saunders; VECHT (ARON) AND ASSOCIATES LONDON (UNITED KINGDOM)
|
| New vapour source materials are being synthesized for the deposition of PbTiO3 insulating layers. The approach adopted is new and subject to a patent application. Lead acetate is dehydrated by boiling with methoxyethanol at 124- 130 C. The solution cooled to 100 C and titanium alkoxide added slowly and the solution is again heated to 130 C to distill off the by-product, yielding gold- coloured liquid containing PbTiO2(OR)2. Keyword: Lead ... |
|
| The Preparation of ACEL Thin Films |
88 |
17 pages |
| Authors:
A. Saunders; VECHT (ARON) AND ASSOCIATES LONDON (UNITED KINGDOM)
|
| Details are presented for the chemical vapour deposition of thin films for ACTFEL devices. An aerosol spray pyrolysis process is described for the deposition of insulating oxide layer, Zirconium dioxide, Aluminium oxides, Lead Titanate's, from acetylacetonate solutions, alkoxides and substituted alkanoates. The general applicability of this process to other oxide layers is clearly demonstrated. The deposition of the active ZnS. Mn layer by atmospheric and low pressure chemical vapour deposition ... |
|
| 1-3-0 Connectivity Piezoelectric Composite with Void. |
30 JUN 1987 |
|
| Authors:
Michael J. Haun; Robert E. Newnham; DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY WASHINGTON DC
|
| A composite of PZT (Lead Zirconate Titanate) and a compliant polymer having 1-3-0 connectivity is described. A polymer self-connected in all three mutually perpendicular directions with a void in the center has an array of parallel PZT rod elements embedded therein and extending through the void. The void isolates a region of the PZT rods from the polymer. The axes of the PZT rods are along the direction of the ... |
|
| Lead Zirconate Titanate Ceramics. |
02 DEC 1986 |
|
| Authors:
Basil E. Walker Jr; DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY WASHINGTON DC
|
| Lead zirconate titanate ceramics comprise from about 92 to 99.0 weight percent of lead zirconate and lead titanate in ratio from 0.505 to 0.54:0.495 to 0.46 respectively from about 0.5 to about 2 weight percent of one or more fluorides or chlorides of an alkali metal or alkaline earth except francium or radium, and 0.5 to 6 weight percent of one or more oxides of magnesium, barium, chromium, scandium, aluminum, ... |
|
| Broad Bandwidth Composite Transducers. |
27 NOV 1984 |
|
| Authors:
Kenneth A. Klicker; Robert E. Newnham; Leslie E. Cross; Leslie J. Bowen; DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY WASHINGTON DC
|
| A broad bandwidth electro-mechanical transducer is shaped into a wedge of varying thickness, with a plurality of PZT elements or sheets embedded in an inactive polymer. The transducer is driven at frequencies corresponding t resonance of the thickness dimensions. The piezoelectric elements with different thicknesses are decoupled mechanically from one another using an inactive polymer of low Q so as to prevent interference. (Patent) |
|
| Tape Casting of Honeywell PZT Type III Powder |
FEB 1984 |
|
| Authors:
J. V. Biggers; G. O. Dayton; B. A. Jones; PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIV UNIVERSITY PARK MATERIALS RESEARCH LAB
|
| This is the fourth and final report in the series dealing with transfer of tape casting technology from The Pennsylvania State University, Materials Research Laboratory to Honeywell Ceramic Center. The report deals with characterization of H.C.C. PZT powder, and the process variables associated with tape casting of this powder. It was determined that the agglomeration nature of the powder is important to this process and for this reason both reprocessed ... |
|
| The Effects of Hot Isostatic Pressing on Microstructure and Properties of Sintered Lead Zirconate Titanate |
30 NOV 1982 |
|
| Authors:
Kevin G. Ewsuk; PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIV UNIVERSITY PARK APPLIED RESEARCH LAB
|
| The effects of hot isostatic pressing on the physical and electrical properties of sintered lead zirconate titanate are presented. Hot isostatic pressing for short times (<1 hour) with low applied pressures (6.9 - 20.7 MPa) at 1300 deg C is shown to produce lead zirconate titanate with a higher density than that obtained by conventional sintering techniques. Densification is shown to occur without an appreciable change in grain size. Localized ... |
|
| Effect of ZrO2 Source Variations on PbZrO3 - PbTiO3 Piezoelectric Properties. |
15 JAN 1980 |
|
| Authors:
W. B. Harrison; M. P. T. Murphy; HONEYWELL INC MINNEAPOLIS MN DEFENSE ELECTRONICS DIV
|
| ZrO2, derived from three zircon source minerals and many process variations, was physically and chemically analyzed. The impact of the ZrO2 variations obtained was then evaluated in both dry and wet blended lead zirconate-lead titanate, high drive type piezoelectric compositions. Proper purification and blending of the ZrO2 was shown to yield PZ-PT material with uniform low and high drive piezoelectric behavior. Single precipitated ZrO2 and dry blending were shown to ... |
|
| Method for Increasing the Strength and Density of Lead Titanate Ceramic Bodies. |
26 DEC 1978 |
|
| Authors:
Basil E. Walker; Robert C. Pohanka; Paul L. Smith; Roy W. Rice; DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY WASHINGTON DC
|
| Strengthened and densified ceramic bodies are produced by hot pressing lead titanate powder into a lead titanate ceramic at a pressure from 1000 to 5000 psi and at a temperature from 700 to 1100 C if the atmosphere is reducing or from 700 to 1200 C if the atmosphere is oxidizing and by annealing the lead titanate ceramic at a temperature from 600 to 1100 C in an oxidizing atmosphere ... |
|
| THE GROWING OF LEAD TITANATE CRYSTALS AND SOME OF THEIR PROPERTIES |
DEC 1952 |
1 pages |
| Authors:
H.H. ROGERS; MASSACHUSETTS INST OF TECH CAMBRIDGE LAB FOR INSULATION RESEARCH
|
| Small high-purity single crystals of PbTiO sub 3 were grown fro m a melt consisting of TiO sub2 and an excess of PbO. The preparation of a large single crystal by the Bridgman-Stockbarger method is described. Subsequent crystal fracturing upon cooling is interpreted by visual observation and x-ray measurements. PbTiO sub3 appears to be the only stable compound in the system PbO-TiO sub2. The chemical reactivity of PbTiO sub 3 ... |
|
Reports by Keyword(s)
*LEAD TITANATES
