| Alcohol Intoxication Impact on Outcome from Traumatic Injury |
01-May-2009 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Patricia Molina; LOUISIANA STATE UNIV NEW ORLEANS
|
 | Acute alcohol intoxication (AAI) impairs the hemodynamic counteregulatory response to trauma and hemorrhagic shock (HS), blunts the pressor response to fluid resuscitation (FR), suppresses the HS-induced neuroendocrine response, impairs pro-inflammatory cytokine expression and increases mortality from infection during recovery. Studies conducted during this funding period examined (a) whether the attenuated neuroendocrine response, particularly reduced sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activation, is the principal mechanism responsible for the hemodynamic instability seen in ... |
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| In Silico Pharmacophore Model for Tabun-Inhibites Acetylcholinesterase Reactivators: A study of Their Stereoelectronic Properties |
Jan-2009 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
Apurba K Bhattacharjee; Kamil Kuca; Kamil Musilek; Richard K Gordon; WALTER REED ARMY INST OF RESEARCH SILVER SPRING MD
|
| Organophosphorus (OP) nerve agents that inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE; EC 3.1.1.7) function in the nervous system, causing acute intoxication. If untreated, death can result. Inhibited AChE can be reactivated by oximes, antidotes for OP exposure. However, OP intoxication caused by the nerve agent tabun (GA) is particularly resistant to oximes, which poorly reactivate GA-inhibited AChE. In an attempt to develop a rational strategy for the discovery and design of novel reactivators ... |
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| Alcohol Intoxication Impact on Outcome from Traumatic Injury |
01-May-2008 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Patricia Molina; LOUISIANA STATE UNIV HEALTH SCIENCES CENTER NEW ORLEANS DEPT OF PHARMACOLOGY
|
| Acute alcohol intoxication (AAI) impairs the hemodynamic counteregulatory response to trauma and hemorrhagic shock (HS), blunts the pressor response to fluid resuscitation (FR), suppresses the HS-induced neuroendocrine response, impairs pro-inflammatory cytokine expression and increases mortality from infection during recovery Studies conducted during this funding period examined a) whether the attenuated neuroendocrine response, particularly reduced sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activation, is the principal mechanism responsible for the hemodynamic instability seen in ... |
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| Drug Intoxicated Irregular Fighters: Complications, Dangers, and Responses |
MAR 2008 |
52 pages |
| Authors:
Paul R. Kan; ARMY WAR COLL STRATEGIC STUDIES INST CARLISLE BARRACKS PA
|
| The complexity of many ongoing and persistent conflicts in the post-Cold War is partially attributed to the widespread presence of drug intoxicated irregular fighters. Drug consumption in contemporary wars has coincided with the use of child soldiers, has led to increased unpredictability among irregular fighters, provided the conditions for the breakdown of social controls and commission of atrocities, and caused the lessening of command and control among the ranks. Although ... |
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| An Unbiased Quantitative Method for Assessing Alterations in Microtubule-Associated Protein 2 (MAP-2) Immunostaining |
Feb-2008 |
34 pages |
| Authors:
Tracey A Hamilton; Robert K Kan; Christina P Tompkins; Denise M Kniffin; ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INST OF CHEMICAL DEFENSE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| The present study evaluated the use of computer-assisted image analysis for investigating the temporal alterations in microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP-2) immunoreactivity in the piriform cortex following acute soman intoxication. Brain samples harvested at various time points after the onset of soman-induced seizures were immunostained with MAP-2 antibody. Color digital images captured with a color digital camera were converted to grayscale images and enhanced to identify the areas of MAP-2 immunoreactivity ... |
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| Efficacy of the Tertiary Oxime Monoisonitrosoacetone (MINA) Against Lethal Sarin Intoxication in the Guinea Pig |
Oct-2007 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
Irwin Koplovitz; Susan M Schulz; ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INST OF CHEMICAL DEFENSE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| A major limitation of currently available oximes is their inability to readily cross the blood brain barrier and reactivate acetylcholinesterase (AChE) that has been inhibited by nerve agents. MINA is a tertiary oxime that readily enters the brain and was reported more than 50 years ago to be effective against lethal nerve agent intoxication. The purpose of this preliminary study was to re-evaluate the efficacy of MINA as a treatment ... |
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| Neuronal Death Following Soman Intoxication: Necrosis or Apoptosis? |
May-2006 |
19 pages |
| Authors:
Tracey A Hamilton; Gerald P Ballough; Robert K Kan; Denise M Fath; Christina P Tompkins; Margaret G Filbert; ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INST OF CHEMICAL DEFENSE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| We investigated the temporal progression of apoptotic cell death in the rat piriform cortex after soman intoxication. At various time intervals after seizure onset, animals were euthanized. Brain sections were stained with microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP-2), Fluoro- Jade B (FJ-B) and in situ oligo ligation (ISOL). MAP-2 immunoreactivity was markedly decreased at 12 hr and 24 hr. FJ-B staining was evident as early as 1 hour after onset of seizures. ... |
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| The Treatment of Intoxication with Selected Organophosphates and a Carbamate: Comparison of different Therapeutic Approaches |
SEP 2001 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
Jiri Bajgar; Rudolf Portmann; MILITARY MEDICAL ACADEMY HRADEC KRALOVE(CZECHOSLOVAKIA)
|
| The treatment of intoxications (2xLD5O) with sarin, DDVP and pyridostigmine (s.c.) was studied in rats. The animals were s.c. injected with toxic chemicals and treated (i.m.) with atropine, atropine and obidoxime (omitted for pyridostigmine), sodium bicarbonate (i.p.), atropine (i.m.) and sodium bicarbonate (i.p.). The start of treatment was at the onset of convulsions. Acetyleholinesterase (AChE) activity and pH in thc blood (different time intervals) and AChE activity in the frontal ... |
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| Non-Human Primate Model for Performance Effects of Ethanol |
SEP 2000 |
18 pages |
| Authors:
Dennis W. Blick; Frank R. Weathersby Jr.; Stephanie A. Miller; Donald J. Cosgrove; Michael R. Murphy; VERIDIAN ENGINEERING ALEXANDRIA VA
|
| Twenty adult male rhesus monkeys (M. mulatta) ingested various doses of ethanol mixed in orange-flavored drink (10 to 20% ethanol by volume). After each dose, 4-5 blood samples were analyzed to determine peak blood alcohol level (BAL), so as to estimate a dose-response function for each animal. Then, in different (but balanced) random orders, the animals received ethanol doses estimated to produce BALs of 0.00, 0.08, 0.12, 0.16, and 0.20%. ... |
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| Toxicokinetics of Sulphur-Adducts in the Hairless Guinea Pig - DNA- Adducts as a Measure for Epithelial Damage. Midterm Report |
JUL 1998 |
|
| Authors:
J. P. Langenberg; H. P. Venschop; G. P. Van der Schans; PRINS MAURITS LABORATORIUM TNO RIJSWIJK(NETHERLANDS)
|
 | In order to provide a quantitative basis for pretreatment and therapy of intoxication with sulphur mustard (SM) the toxicokinetics of this agent as well as its major DNA-adduct, 7-SM-guanine, are studied in male hairless guinea pigs for the intravenous (i.v.), respiratory and percutaneous routes. A highly sensitive method for bio-analysis of the intact agent in blood and tissues was developed, involving gas chromatography with mass-spectrometric detection. Deuterated sulphur mustard (D8-SM) ... |
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| Crystallographic Studies of the Anthrax Lethal Toxin |
JUL 96 |
30 pages |
| Authors:
Christin A. Frederick; DANA-FARBER CANCER INST BOSTON MA
|
| The lethal form of Anthrax results from the inhalation of anthrax spores. Death is primarily due to the effects of the lethal toxin (Protective Antigen (PA) + Lethal Factor) from the causative agent, Bacillus anthracis. All the Anthrax vaccines currently in use or under development contain or produce PA, the major antigenic component of anthrax toxin, and there is a clear need for an improved vaccine for human use. In ... |
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| Two-Dimensional Protein Pattern Recognition in Chemical Toxicity |
15 MAY 96 |
40 pages |
| Authors:
Frank A. Witzmann; INDIANA UNIV-PURDUE UNIV AT COLUMBUS DEPT OF BIOLOGY
|
| The mechanisms underlying the effects of chemical toxicity such as cell damage, necrosis, and death, as well as repair, involve changes in the abundance and qualitative character of specific proteins in target tissues and relevant in vitro systems. One way to detect such toxic effects, to determine the mechanism(s) involved in a specific effect among a broad range of cellular mechanisms, and to predict the effects of structurally similar compounds, ... |
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| Toxicokinetics of Sulfur Mustard and its DNA-Adducts in the Hairless Guinea Pig - DNA-Adducts as a Measure for Epithelial Damage |
MAR 96 |
|
| Authors:
Johannes P. Langenberg; Hendrik P. Benschop; Govert P. van der Schans; PRINS MAURITS LABORATORIUM TNO RIJSWIJK (NETHERLANDS)
|
| In order to provide a quantitative basis for pretreatment and therapy of intoxications with sulfur mustard (SM) the toxicokinetics of this agent as well as its major DNA-adduct, 7-SM-guanine, are studied in male hairless guinea pigs for the intravenous (i.v.), respiratory and percutaneous routes. A highly sensitive method for bioanalysis of the intact agent in blood and tissues was developed, involving gas chromatography with mass-spectrometric detection. Deuterated sulfur mustard (D8-SM) ... |
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| Increased Susceptibility to Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B Intoxication in Mice Primed with Actinomycin D |
OCT 1994 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
James Y.J. Chen; Yiran Qiao; Jack L. Komisar; Wallace B. Baze; Ih-Chang Hsu; WALTER REED ARMY INST OF RESEARCH WASHINGTON DC DIV OF PATHOLOGY
|
| Mice (BALB/cJ, C3H/HeN, and C3H/HeJ) primed with actinomycin D became highly susceptible to lethal intoxication with staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB). The mice underwent toxicosis and toxic shock and died. Actinomycin D- primed C3H/HeN and C3H/HeJ mice showed equal sensitivity to SEB, suggesting that bacterial lipopolysaccharide derived from gram-negative bacteria in the gut may not be an important cofactor in intoxication. In a time course study of the illness, prominent pathological ... |
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| Acute T-2 Intoxication: Physiologic Consequences and New Therapeutic Approaches |
30 DEC 92 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Giora Z. Feuerstein; UNIFORMED SERVICES UNIV OF THE HEALTH SCIENCES BETHESDA MD
|
| The objectives of this contract were two: (1) to study the physiologic consequences of acute intoxication with T-2 mycotoxin; (2) to develop therapeutic modalities to reduce morbidity and mortality from severe T-2 toxin exposure. |
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| Neurobiology of Soman |
30 JUN 91 |
109 pages |
| Authors:
Michael T. Shipley; William T. Nickell; Matthew Ennis; Mohamed EI- Etri; Beata R. Frydel; CINCINNATI UNIV OH COLL OF MEDICINE
|
| This report documents progress in an ongoing study of the central effects of organophosphate (0P) poisoning. In previous work, we have described the anatomy and physiology of a model central cholinergic system, the projection from the horizontal limb of the diagonal band (HDB) to the main olfactory bulb. These basic studies have led to experiments described in the present Report, which focus more directly on the mechanisms of 0P-induced seizures. ... |
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| An Experimental Evaluation of a Field Sobriety Test Battery in the Marine Environment |
JUN 90 |
96 pages |
| Authors:
E. D. Sussman; A. Needalman; Peter H. Mengert; TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS CENTER CAMBRIDGE MA
|
| This Report describes an investigation of the accuracy of a FST (field Sobriety Test) batter used in the marine environment. FSTs rely on the observation and measurement of the effect of alcohol intoxication on coordination, visual tracking and balance. The purpose of this study was to determine if there was any decrease in the accuracy of the tests when used under recreational boating conditions. In the study, 97 volunteers were ... |
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| Application of a Model of Exertional Heatstroke Pathophysiology to Cocaine Intoxication |
11 JAN 89 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
L. E. Armstrong; R. W. Hubbard; ARMY RESEARCH INST OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE NATICK MA
|
| We would like to propose a novel cellular model of cocaine intoxication which originates from work on heatstroke pathophysiology. This model emphasizes the role of heat, hypohydration (hypernatremia), and increased neuromuscular activity (i.e. accelerated energy consumption, ion flux, and heat production) in activating the sodium pump. A vicious circle is described which leads to increased intracellular sodium concentration, cell swelling, hyperthermia, energy depletion, metabolic cascades, and irreversible cell damage. Named ... |
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| Stereospecificity of Antidotes and Their Mechanism of Action in Intoxications with Organophosphorus Anticholinesterases |
FEB 88 |
45 pages |
| Authors:
Bo. Holmstedt; Bo. Karlen; Ingrid. Nordgren; Lena. Palmer; KAROLINSKA INST STOCKHOLM (SWEDEN) DEPT OF TOXICOLOGY
|
| In intoxications by organophosphates conventional prophylaxis and therapy by atropine and oximes have shown to benefit from the addition of diazepam treatment. The implication of the cholinergic system in such intoxications prompted us to study the direct effects of diazepam on this system. In this context acetylcholine (ACh) turnover in mouse brain in vivo is a suitable cholinergic model. Turnover of ACh was studied by following the incorporation of Ch ... |
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| Metal Complexes for Defense against Cyanide Intoxication |
NOV 86 |
61 pages |
| Authors:
Yee W. Chan; Robert B. Wilson Jr; SRI INTERNATIONAL MENLO PARK CA
|
| Metal complexes having high affinities for cyanide binding can be used as antidotes for cyanide intoxication. A number of water-soluble phthalocyanine complexes have been synthesized and tested for this purpose Compounds tested contain a variety of metal ions (Co(3+), Co(2+), Fe(2+), Ni(2+) , FE(3+), Cu(2+), Ru(3+), Pd(2+), Mn(4+), and V(4+) and functional groups (SO3(- ), NH3(+) and CO2(-). The rate of cyanide binding to these complexes was studied by spectroscopic ... |
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| Cyanide Prophylaxis and Cytochrome Oxidase |
15 SEP 85 |
|
| Authors:
James L. Way; TEXAS A AND M RESEARCH FOUNDATION COLLEGE STATION
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| The research is on the treatment and prophylaxis of cyanide intoxication. 1. The toxicology and pathology of sodium nitrite and sodium thiosulfate were examined by the intramuscular route. 2. Studies are concerned with evaluation of DMAP and sodium nitrite as cyanide antagonists on a prophylactic and therapeutic conditions. 3. The effect of cyanide on cytochrome oxidase under in vitro conditions were studied with various cyanide antagonists. 4. A new class ... |
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| Effects of Methemoglobin Versus Potassium Cyanide Intoxication |
JUL 85 |
|
| Authors:
William D. Johnson; Peter J. Becci; FOOD AND DRUG RESEARCH LABS INC WAVERLY NY
|
| Studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of pre-existing methemoglobinemia induced by WR 6026 and hydroxylamine hydrochloride on the ability of the dog to resist lethal cyanide (KCN) intoxication. The following items were accomplished or concluded during the course of the study period: A protective index against lethal KCN intoxication of 1.75 was established for a 5-6% blood methemoglobin level induced by oral administration of WR 6026 prior to KCN ... |
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| Acute T-2 Intoxication: Physiologic Consequences and New Therapeutic Approaches |
AUG 83 |
25 pages |
| Authors:
Alan I. Faden; UNIFORMED SERVICES UNIV OF THE HEALTH SCIENCES BETHESDA MD
|
| The acute pathophysiological changes produced by Trichothecene mycotoxines are discussed. Symptons reported following human attacks include a preponderance of autonomic symptoms, as well as blurred vision and convulsive movements, suggestive of involvement of the central nervous system. In experimental animals, a shock-like state accompanied by either paraplegia or ascending paralysis has been observed in several species. Taken together, these human and animal observations suggest that a major factor leading to ... |
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| Prophylaxis and Treatment of Cyanide Intoxication. Cyanide - Mechanism of Prophylaxis |
15 APR 1983 |
|
| Authors:
J. L. Way; WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PULLMAN
|
| The inhibition and recovery of brain and liver cytochrome oxidase in mice pretreated in an air or oxygen atmosphere were measured after the administration of KCN with and without sodium nitrite and sodium thiosulfate pretreatment. Inhibition of cytochrome oxidase in both brain and liver reached a maximum within five minutes after cyanide administration and cytochrome oxidase activity was restored more rapidly in liver than in brain. This enzymatic activity returned ... |
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| Prophylaxis and Treatment of Cyanide Intoxication Cyanide - Mechanism of Prophylaxis |
15 JUL 1982 |
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| Authors:
James L. Way; WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PULLMAN DEPT OF PHARMACOLOGY
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| One treatment for cyanide poisoning involves administration of the combination sodium thiosulfate and sodium nitrate. To understand better the action of thiosulfate on cyanide toxicity, a study was made of the pharmacokinetics of cyanide distribution and metabolism in the absence and presence of thiosulfate. Fasted mongrel dogs were anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital and both jugular veins were catheterized. Thiosulfate did not alter the kinetics of distribution or elimination of thiocyanate. ... |
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| Performance Effects of Alcohol Intoxication and Hangover at Ground Level and at Simulated Altitude, |
OCT 1979 |
|
| Authors:
William E. Collins; FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION WASHINGTON DC OFFICE OF AVIATION MEDICINE
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| Eight private pilots (four men, four women) were trained to perform on a two-dimensional tracking task (joystick control of a localizer/glideslope instrument) and a respond as quickly as possible to the onset of a red pinlight, appended to the tracking instrument, by depressing a button on the joystick. Tracking and reaction time scores were obtained under both static (stationary) and dynamic conditions (during angular acceleration), at ground level and at ... |
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| Neuropsychological Studies of Alcohol. |
JAN 1978 |
|
| Authors:
Enoch Callaway; Reese T. Jones; George C. Stone; Shirley C. Peeke; Joseph Doyle; CALIFORNIA UNIV SAN FRANCISCO DEPT OF PSYCHIATRY
|
| A series of four studies were conducted on highly practiced male volunteer subjects to investigate the relationship of electroencephalographic (EEG) parameters to alcohol-induced performance changes under conditions of low and high motivation and stress. The nature of the EEG-performance association varied with the experimental conditions and was observed primarily when the subject was under high levels of alcohol or was highly stressed or motivated. EEG activation increased when fast performance ... |
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| Organophosphate Pesticides: The Residue Intoxication Problem. |
DEC 1974 |
|
| Authors:
Robert C. Spear; AEROSPACE MEDICAL RESEARCH LAB WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OHIO
|
| The report presents the results of an investigation into the technical questions surrounding the residue intoxication phenomenon of organophosphate pesticides. It includes the development of relevant sampling techniques and experimental procedures needed to evaluate harvester exposure. Seven field studies have been conducted to study the absorbed doses or physiological responses of exposure to the human body to organophosphate pesticides. |
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| Attitudes and Behavior of Naval Personnel Concerning Alcohol and Problem Drinking. |
28 FEB 1973 |
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| Authors:
Don Cahalan; Ira Cisin; BUREAU OF SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH INC WASHINGTON D C
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| This pilot study was conducted in the Fall of 1972 at the request of the Alcohol Abuse Control Program, Bureau of Naval Personnel, to provide information for the planning of preventive and treatment programs relevant to problem drinking among Naval personnel. This initial study, involving the measurement of attitudes and behavior concerning drinking and problems drinking among 1603 officers and enlisted men at four Naval establishments on the West Coast ... |
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Reports by Keyword(s)
*INTOXICATION
