| Establishing the Biodynamics Data Resource (BDR): Human Volunteer Impact Acceleration Research Data in the BDR |
Oct-2010 |
30 pages |
| Authors:
Allison L Schmidt; Alexandria E Austermann; Kimberly B Vasquez; Barry S Shender; Valeta C Chancey; ARMY AEROMEDICAL RESEARCH LAB FORT RUCKER AL
|
 | One of the most noteworthy collections of impact exposure data was generated at the U.S. Naval Biodynamics Laboratory (NBDL). Over 25 years, NBDL conducted thousands of impact acceleration exposures with hundreds of human research volunteers. The resulting volumes of kinematic and physiological data serve as a foundation for injury biomechanics research, model validation, and biofidelity requirements. In 2007, the U.S. Army Aeromedical Research Laboratory (USAARL), in collaboration with the U.S. ... |
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| Human Neck Response during Vertical Impact with Variable Weighted Helmets |
SEP 2006 |
85 pages |
| Authors:
Erica J. Doczy; Joseph A. Pellettiere; Hilary L. Gallagher; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH HUMAN EFFECTIVENESS DIRECTORATE
|
| Helmet-mounted systems, such as night vision goggles and helmet-mounted displays, are designed to enhance pilot performance; however, they may also affect pilot safety during ejection due to the change in helmet inertial properties. The weight of a helmet, along with a pilot's bracing ability, can affect the human response and potential for neck injury during impact. A useful tool for investigating the mechanics of bracing and the relationships to helmet ... |
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| The Effects of Training and Subject Reproducibility during Vertical Impact Acceleration |
MAY 2006 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
Hilary L. Gallagher; Joseph A. Pellettiere; Erica J. Doczy; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH HUMAN EFFECTIVENESS DIRECTORATE
|
| To address questions regarding the effect of subject reproducibility and how it might affect date variability, a series of impact tests were conducted on the Vertical Deceleration Tower at AFRL/HEPA. Ten male and seven female subjects volunteered and were exposed to a combination of varying helmet weights and +Gz impact levels. Each combination was reproduced up to three times. The tests were first conducted in a sequential manner, with the ... |
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| Evaluation of the Effects of the ZetaLiner During Helmet Impact |
NOV 1999 |
36 pages |
| Authors:
Chris E. Perry; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH
|
| An experimental effort was conducted to compare the ZetaLiner, a new foam flight helmet liner manufactured by Oregon Aero, to the Thermal Plastic Liner (TPL), the helmet liner used in the USAF's standard flight helmet, the HGU-55/P. The liners were compared based on their effectiveness in attenuating impact acceleration and minimizing head injury potential. A series of vertical drops with a Helmet Drop Tower (HDT) ... |
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| Relationship Between Neck Strength, Anthropometric Parameters, and Gender with Head Motion under Impact Acceleration |
APR 1996 |
21 pages |
| Authors:
Charles E. Morris; ARMSTRONG LAB WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH
|
| With the opening of the fighter cockpit to women, it is imperative to expand the current database of responses of females to high impact acceleration environments. Since women tend to have less upper-body strength than men, it was hypothesized that they may not be able to brace their heads as effectively against the loads which occur during impact and escape. The objective of the current experimental effort was to examine ... |
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| Human Acceleration Research at Armstrong Laboratory 1973-1993: A DynamicProcess |
OCT 1995 |
62 pages |
| Authors:
Stephen E. Popper; Charles E. Morris; Jeffrey Briggs; Frank Fisher; ARMSTRONG LAB WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH CREW SYSTEMS DIRECTORATE
|
| The history of disqualified subjects from 1973-1993 at Armstrong Laboratory is presented for both sustained and impact acceleration panels. The screening criteria for candidates, the physician doing the interpretation of the screening examinations, and the type of research being performed all contribute to the disqualification of candidates and subjects. The importance of knowing the impact of these factors on the composition of the panels is stressed ... |
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| Loads Induced in the Lumbar Spine of Seated Restrained Humans by Sideward (+Gy) Impact |
1994 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
Joseph P. Strzelecki; ARMSTRONG LAB WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH BIODYNAMICS AND BIOCOMMUNICATIONS DIV
|
| The parameters used to calculate the Dynamic Response (DR - the currently accepted injury criteria for multi-axis impact) for sideward impact are based on a very limited data set. In addition, the current model for spinal injury due to z axis acceleration is based on displacement and cannot account for the effects of off-axis loads. METHODS: Seated, restrained human volunteers were subjected to sideward impacts ranging from 0.031 to 0.250 ... |
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| Guidelines for Safe Human Exposure to Impact Acceleration. Update A |
01 SEP 89 |
16 pages |
| Authors:
Marc S. Weiss; David L. Matson; Stephen T. Mawn; NAVAL BIODYNAMICS LAB NEW ORLEANS LA
|
| Tolerance levels for living human volunteers are defined and developed for minimum risk injury. The experimentally safe levels of impact, derived from a variety of sources, are suggested as guidelines for torso- restrained volunteers, where the freely moving head and neck are the anatomical segments most at risk. These recommended limits are no greater than the maximum exposures already experienced by Naval Biodynamics Laboratory's volunteers. No injuries have been sustained ... |
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| Photo Reference Target Array Scheme |
MAY 89 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
NAVAL BIODYNAMICS LAB NEW ORLEANS LA
|
| A standardized reference target nomenclature been defined for a high speed photogrammetric system. High speed cameras record three-dimensional displacement of living human and non-human primate subjects undergoing impact accelerations. This motion is measured from the reference target. A standardized nomenclature of the location and orientation of each target face eliminates confusion when surveying multiple camera sites or on subsequent test setups. |
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| Mass Properties and Inertial Loading Effects of Head Encumbering Devices |
DEC 1986 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Jeffrey J. Settecerri; Jennifer Mckenzie; Eberhardt Privitzer; Robert M. Beecher; SYSTEMS RESEARCH LABS INC DAYTON OH
|
| The purpose of this investigation is to provide data relevant to the analytical and experimental assessment of the severity of head-neck system loading induced by the protective and performance enhancing equipment worn by today's aviator. Mass properties of various head encumbering devices (e.g., helmets, gas masks, night vision goggles, etc.) have been measured using the automated mass properties measurement system of the U.S. Air Force Armstrong Aerospace Medical Research Laboratory ... |
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| Statistical Research on Problems of Biodynamics |
JUL 85 |
|
| Authors:
K. C. Burns; C. A. Mauro; D. E. Smith; DESMATICS INC STATE COLLEGE PA
|
 | The statistical research conducted focused on two major problem areas within the Navy's biodynamics program at NBDL. Those were: (1) impact acceleration injury and (2) ship motion sickness. Additional research was conducted in the area of performance testing, which is relevant to both of the primary research topics. The following sections briefly summarize the research accomplished under this contract and provide a reference list of all technical reports (with abstracts), ... |
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| A Nonlinear Regression Procedure for Evoked Potential Data Analysis. |
JUN 1985 |
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| Authors:
C. A. Mauro; DESMATICS INC STATE COLLEGE PA
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| The recording and subsequent analysis of evoked potential activity has proven useful for the evaluation of neural dysfunction resulting from impact acceleration injury involving the head and neck. In animal impact acceleration experiments involving Rhesus monkeys, somatosensory evoked potentials showed an increase in latency following nonlethal experiments. In order to assess quantitatively and objectively the amplitude and duration of the latency effect following impact acceleration, a nonlinear mathematical model has ... |
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| Biomechanical Studies of Impact Acceleration Research |
15 DEC 1984 |
|
| Authors:
P. J. Gerone; TULANE UNIV COVINGTON LA DELTA REGIONAL PRIMATE RESEARCH CENTER
|
| Nonhuman primates were maintained for studies on the biomechanics of acceleration impact research by Navy personnel at Navy facilities. At one time or another during the course of this contract a total of 32 nonhuman primates were housed for the Navy. This included 13 chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and 19 rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). Twelve of the 13 chimpanzees were still available at the close of this contract. One of the ... |
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| Statistical Research Applicable to the Navy's Biodynamics Program |
MAY 1984 |
17 pages |
| Authors:
K. C. Burns; D. E. Smith; DESMATICS INC STATE COLLEGE PA
|
| This final technical report prepared under Contract No. N00014-79-C- 0128 summarizes a research investigation conducted by Desmatics, Inc. under sponsorship of the Office of Naval Research. This research has focused on problems of biodynamics applicable to the Navy's program at NBDL. The major problem areas studied were impact acceleration injury and ship motion sickness. |
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| Effects of Impact Acceleration on Somatosensory Evoked Potentials |
APR 1983 |
|
| Authors:
Michael D. Berger; Marc S. Weiss; NAVAL BIODYNAMICS LAB NEW ORLEANS LA
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| In order to test and evaluate impact protection devices, an impact- injury model for restrained humans in a crash environment must be developed. Disruption of the functioning of the central nervous system (CNS) is an important consequence of impact injury involving the head and neck, and is an important consideration in the development of a useful impact-injury model. Ultimately, neurophysiological criteria for functional injury of the CNS are desired. The ... |
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| Evoked Potential Studies of the Effects of Impact Acceleration on the Motor Nervous System |
1983 |
|
| Authors:
B. Saltzberg; W. D. Burton Jr.; N. R. Burch; C. L. Ewing; D. J. Thomas; TEXAS RESEARCH INST OF MENTAL SCIENCES HOUSTON
|
| The initial results of a continuing investigation into the effects of various levels of impact acceleration on the functional integrity of the motor nervous system are summarized. The results are based on the measurement of alterations in neural transmission along the motor pathway of the Rhesus monkey as revealed by latency and amplitude changes in the motor pathway evoked potential (EP) following the delivery of various levels of impact acceleration ... |
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| Impact Injury Caused by Linear Acceleration: Mechanisms, Prevention and Cost |
1982 |
|
| Authors:
J. L. Haley Jr; ADVISORY GROUP FOR AEROSPACE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT NEUILLY-SUR-SEINE (FRANCE)
|
| Problems dealing with impact injury caused by linear acceleration are covered. Papers cover spinal column injuries caused by gz (eyeballs down) impact, tensile (eyeballs up) loading of the spinal column, and lower leg injuries, as sustained by front seat occupants in automobile 'glance off' impacts at high speed. Head and neck injury mechanisms are discussed both from a physiological and neurological standpoint. Both helmeted and unhelmeted head impacts are analyzed, ... |
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| Evidence for the Utilization of Dynamic Preload in Impact Injury Prevention |
82 |
17 pages |
| Authors:
Bernard F. Hearon; James H. Raddin Jr.; James W. Brinkley; AIR FORCE AEROSPACE MEDICAL RESEARCH LAB WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH
|
| Dynamic preload is anticipatory acceleration in the same direction as a later impact acceleration. To evaluate the influence of dynamic preload on human impact response, tests with volunteer subjects were conducted on impact facilities. Test data are presented which indicate that the peak forces and body segment accelerations imposed on subjects during impact accelerations are decreased when those impacts are preceded by dynamic preload. The impact response differences were more ... |
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| A Monte Carlo Study of the Use of Auxiliary Information in the Development of an Impact Acceleration Injury Prediction Model |
SEP 1981 |
|
| Authors:
Dennis E. Smith; John J. Peterson; DESMATICS INC STATE COLLEGE PA
|
| This report describes a small-scale Monte Carlo investigation of procedures for incorporating various sources of auxiliary information into an impact acceleration injury prediction model. Parameter estimates are tabulated and compared for standard and modified models. Based on the results of the investigation, the procedures appear to be helpful in reducing the mean square error of predictions. (Author) |
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| Computational Aspects of Incorporating Auxiliary Information into an Impact Acceleration Injury Prediction Model. |
FEB 1981 |
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| Authors:
John J. Peterson; Dennis E. Smith; DESMATICS INC STATE COLLEGE PA
|
| Auxiliary information may sometimes be used in development of a mathematical model in order to improve the estimated values of unknown parameters. This report discusses computational procedures which allow the application of commonly used nonlinear estimation programs to incorporate various sources of auxiliary information into an impact acceleration injury prediction model. (Author) |
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| In Support of the Joint Army/Navy Air Crew Impact Injury Prevention Program |
15 DEC 1980 |
|
| Authors:
Harvey E. Sbisa; Rodney W. Thorpe; QEI INC BEDFORD MASS
|
| In one part of this study, research was performed and data collected on the response of the living human to a wide range of impact-accelerative forces applied to the human along various vectors. In this area data bases were reorganized and updated, computer programs were designed, implemented, tested and/or used to maintain, update, search and/or summarize information in these data bases. Motion pictures were digitized, EKG data were processed and ... |
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| Optimal Augmentation of Experimental Designs for Estimation of the Logistic Function. |
MAY 1980 |
|
| Authors:
Leslie A. Kalish; Dennis E. Smith; DESMATICS INC STATE COLLEGE PA
|
| A criterion for optimal augmentation of an experimental design is applied to the problem of estimating the logistic function. A simulation study is conducted to evaluate the procedure in the two-parameter case. Examples in the development of impact acceleration injury prediction models are given. (Author) |
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| Impact Fusion with A Segmented Rail Gun |
DEC 1979 |
16 pages |
| Authors:
R. A. Muller; R. L. Garwin; B. Ricther; SRI INTERNATIONAL ARLINGTON VA
|
| The rail gun offers an attractive alternative to the traveling wave rifle for the magnetic acceleration of macroscopic (0.05 g) bullets for impact fusion. In this paper we review the basic rail gun equations and indicate how energy efficiency can be designed in. We set as our preliminary goal the delivery of 1 megajoule in 10 nanoseconds, with a specific energy of 20 MJ/g (i. e. a bullet mass of ... |
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| Statistical Procedures for Extracting Optimal Predictor Variables for Use in an Impact Acceleration Injury Prediction Model. |
AUG 1979 |
|
| Authors:
Dennis E. Smith; John J. Peterson; DESMATICS INC STATE COLLEGE PA
|
| An empirical impact acceleration injury prediction model can be based on an underlying logistic function using information extracted from dynamic response data to define independent (predictor) variables. This report describes statistical procedures for the extraction of optimal predictor variables. The application of the statistical techniques of principal components analysis and canonical correlation analysis is described. An outline of how the data analysis may be conducted with the BMDP statistical computer ... |
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| An Examination of Statistical Impact Acceleration Injury Prediction Models Based on Torque and Force Variables. |
JUL 1979 |
|
| Authors:
Dennis E. Smith; John J. Peterson ; DESMATICS INC STATE COLLEGE PA
|
| This technical report describes the construction of impact acceleration injury prediction models from a set of twenty-eight -G sub x accelerator runs involving Rhesus monkeys with securely restrained torso and unrestrained head. Peak torque and force variables measured during these runs were used to predict injury likelihood. The relative contribution of these variables was examined with respect to the original and a modified version of the data set. Two possible ... |
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| Tolerance of the Neck to Indirect Impact. |
05 MAR 1979 |
16 pages |
| Authors:
Albert I. King; Said S. Nakhla; Naveen K. Mital; WAYNE STATE UNIV DETROIT MI BIOENGINEERING CENTER
|
| A two-dimensional methematical model of the spine was exercised to identify mechanisms of neck injury due to hyperflexion. Loss of pilots due to ditching at sea was one of the motivations for this study. It was found that helmets have the potential of increasing injury severity particularly during a combined +Gz and -Gx impact, with the pulses coincident in time. The four parameters that are potentially injurious are neck shear, ... |
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| A Study of Estimation Accuracy When Using a Logistic Model for Prediction of Impact Acceleration Injury. |
MAR 1978 |
|
| Authors:
Dennis E. Smith; Robert L. Gardner; DESMATICS INC STATE COLLEGE PA
|
| This report addresses the topic of estimation accuracy in the development of an empirically-based logistic model for predicting impact acceleration injury. Two items of central interest are the degree of accuracy which may be expected for predictions derived from a model and the sensitivity of such predictions to sample size. A Monte Carlo simulation study was undertaken to provide information relating accuracy to sample size for selected model configurations. Two ... |
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| Sublethal Injury Patterns in the Baboon Restrained with a Three-Point Harness (-Gx Impact). |
FEB 1977 |
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| Authors:
J. T. Shaffer; R. M. Letscher; AEROSPACE MEDICAL RESEARCH LAB WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OHIO
|
| Tests were conducted with adult male baboon subjects restrained in a three-point restraint harness designed to provide impact protection in the -Gx direction. The objective of this research was to identify the first modes of injury with variations of the webbing properties of this harness and not the maximum G level that can be tolerated. The tests revealed the first modes of injury associated with the lap belt portion of ... |
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| Evoked Potential Studies of Central Nervous System Injury due to Impact Acceleration |
1977 |
|
| Authors:
B. Saltzberg; W. D. Burton Jr.; N. R. Burch; C. L. Ewing; D. J. Thomas; TEXAS RESEARCH INST OF MENTAL SCIENCES HOUSTON
|
| This paper reports on one aspect of a comprehensive program designed to investigate the effects of various levels of impact acceleration on the functional integrity of the nervous system. The results described are based on the measurement of afferent neural transmission in the Rhesus monkey as revealed by latency and amplitude changes in the evoked potential (EP). In order to track the time course of recovery of latency and amplitude ... |
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| The Impulse Accelerator. an Impact Sled Facility for Human Research and Safety Systems Testing. |
AUG 1976 |
87 pages |
| Authors:
John T. Shaffer; DYNALECTRON CORP ALBUQUERQUE NM FACILITIES SERVICES DIVISIONS
|
| The AMRL Impulse Accelerator impact test facility serves the needs of the USAF for research and development in crash safety and ejection seat testing. The facility located at Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio, is used primarily for establishing tolerable human acceleration limits and developing protective restraint concepts. This report is basically an operations manual for the Impulse Accelerator System. It describes the operation and performance of the HYGE actuator, the instrumentation systems, ... |
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| A Prediction of Response of the Head and Neck of the U.S. Adult Military Population to Dynamic Impact Acceleration from Selected Dynamic Test Subjects. |
MAY 1976 |
174 pages |
| Authors:
L. W. Schneider; B. M. Bowman; R. G. Snyder; L. S. Peck; MICHIGAN UNIV ANN ARBOR HIGHWAY SAFETYRESEARCH INST
|
| Physical characteristics of the head and neck were measured on 18 male Navy volunteers who had previously undergone testing on the NAMRL sled facility at Michoud Station, New Orleans. Measurements include 55 standard anthropometric measures, 32 anthropometric measures of the seated subject, three dimensional head and neck range of motion, neck muscle reflex times in response to head jerks, and neck muscle voluntary isometric strength. These latter measurements were taken ... |
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| Research on Construction of a Statistical Model for Predicting Impact Acceleration Injury. |
FEB 1976 |
|
| Authors:
Dennis E. Smith; DESMATICS INC STATE COLLEGE PA
|
| This report describes a statistical approach to development of a human impact acceleration injury prediction model based on experimental data obtained from human analogs. Also discussed in the use of preinjury criteria to provide more accurate estimates of model parameters. (Author) |
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| Research on Human Impact Acceleration Dynamic Response and Injury: Some Statistical Aspects of Modeling. |
DEC 1974 |
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| Authors:
Dennis E. Smith; DESMATICS INC STATE COLLEGE PA
|
| The report describes an ongoing research investigation of statistical aspects underlying development of mathematical models of human impact acceleration dynamic response and injury. Particular attention is paid to the requirements and constraints imposed on human accelerator runs. |
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| Measurement of Human Head Resultant Acceleration during Impact. |
12 NOV 1974 |
|
| Authors:
Joseph O'Rourke; NAVAL AIR DEVELOPMENT CENTER WARMINSTER PA CREW SYSTEMS DEPT
|
| The report describes a method for measuring the resultant acceleration at the center of mass of a human subject's head during a simulated crash. An equation is derived giving the resultant acceleration as a simple function of four accelerations measured at points outside the head. Two experiments are described which show that the equation is valid and yields accurate results under test conditions. It is also shown that the calculation ... |
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| The Role of Articular Facets during +Gz Acceleration |
07 JAN 1974 |
|
| Authors:
Priyaranjan Prasad; A. I. King; C. L. Ewing; WAYNE STATE UNIV DETROIT MI DEPT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCES
|
| Experimental evidence is presented to document the load-bearing capability of the articular facets which join the vertebrae of the spine together posteriorly. Contrary to the general opinion that these facets carry no vertical load, this paper gives qualitative as well as quantitative data to show that there exists a dual load path along the vertebral column. Extensively instrumented human cadavers were used as test subjects. Strain gages were used to ... |
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| Joint Army Navy Air Crew Impact Injury Prevention Program. |
01 NOV 1973 |
|
| Authors:
Alan H. Rutan; Rodney W. Thorpe; Robert M. Martin; Dorothy A. Francis; QEI INC BEDFORD MASS
|
| The report covers the mathematical analysis and computer-related efforts. The vertical acceleration data processing effort included the writing and testing of conversion and scaling programs, after which the vertical acceleration data was scaled and plotted. The two-dimensional data base, which includes both sensor and photographic variables, was completed; plots were made of all variables from all appropriate runs. The 3-D analysis continued with work being done on various configurations of ... |
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| Foundations of Space Biology and Medicine. Volume 2, Part 3, Chapter 3. Impact Accelerations |
MAY 1973 |
74 pages |
| Authors:
James W. Brinkley; Henning E. Von Gierke; AIR FORCE AEROSPACE MEDICAL RESEARCH LAB WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH
|
| The problem most specific to space medicine is the potential change of impact tolerance due to reduced bone mass and muscle strength caused by prolonged weightlessness and physical inactivity. Considerably more research is required as space missions will be extended over many weeks and months. The relationship between bone strength, bone mass and muscle strength must be explored as a function of gravitational load, isotonic and isometric exercise, time pattern ... |
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| Structural Considerations of the Human Vertebral Column Under +Gz Impact Acceleration |
20 MAR 1973 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
Channing L. Ewing; Albert I. King; Priyaranjan Prasad; NAVAL AEROSPACE MEDICAL RESEARCH LAB PENSACOLA FL
|
| Among the major limitations on manned aerospace vehicular-and escape system designs are the structural limits of the human body. One of the lower limits is the strength of the vertebral body under +G (eyeballs down) impact acceleration. When the vertebral column is considered as a structural member, a finite limit on nonfracturing accelerations can be specified, as has previously been the case. An hypothesis as to the mechanism of fracture, ... |
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| Study of Dynamic Response to Impact Loadings of Acceleration Sensors Having Various Mounting Characteristics |
MAY 1967 |
53 pages |
| Authors:
John L. McCarty; Jerome Pearson; NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION HAMPTON VA LANGLEY RESEARCH CENTER
|
| An analytical investigation was performed to study the dynamic response to impact loadings of acceleration sensors having various mounting characteristics. Analytically represented impacting bodies were subjected to input force pulses of half-sine, triangular, quarter -sine, and rectangular shapes, approximating typical target impact acceleration signatures. Studies were made with an analog computer of the acceleration time histories measured by acceleration sensors of different mass which are coupled to the impacting body ... |
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| The NACA Impact Basin and Water Landing Tests of a Float Model at Various Velocities and Weights |
44 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
Sidney A. Batterson; NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION WASHINGTON DC
|
| The first data obtained in the United States under the controlled testing conditions necessary for establishing relationships among the numerous parameters involved when a float having both horizontal and vertical velocity contacts a water surface are presented. The data were obtained at the NACA impact basin. The report is confined to a presentation of the relationship between resultant velocity and impact normal acceleration for various float weights when all other ... |
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Reports by Keyword(s)
*IMPACT ACCELERATION
