| Estimating High-Resolution Directional Clutter Maps in Forested Terrain Using Airborne Lidar Data |
Dec-2008 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
K C Slatton; Pang-Wei Liu; Heezin Lee; Mike Campbell; FLORIDA UNIV GAINESVILLE DEPT OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING
|
 | A priori knowledge of clutter environments is critical for understanding target detection performance from airborne sensors and optimally predicting future performance to aid in mission planning. Modern airborne lidar, also known as Airborne Laser Swath Mapping (ALSM), systems can acquire decimeter scale measurements of the 3D structure in forests and urban areas. From these measurements, high resolution clutter maps that account for variations in both 3D Cartesian coordinates and viewing ... |
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| Effects of Forest on Blast Noise |
OCT 2005 |
29 pages |
| Authors:
Michelle E. Swearingen; Michael J. White; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER CHAMPAIGN IL CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING RESEARCH LAB
|
| Low-frequency impulsive noise, characteristic of demolitions, artillery, and armor, is difficult to mitigate. In 2001, ERDC-CERL researchers were tasked to study the potential attenuation caused by a forest. After a thorough review of published work, it was determined that an experiment was necessary. This took place in July 2002 at the Lone Star Army Ammunition Plant in Texarkana, Texas. This report presents the data analysis and draws conclusions about the ... |
|
| Afforestation for Improving Valley Urban Air-Quality |
01-Jan-2005 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Yuchun Chen; Shihua Lu; Peter C Chu; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA DEPT OF OCEANOGRAPHY
|
| Lanzhou is one of the major cities in northwest China and the capital of Gansu Province and located at a narrow (2-8 km width), long (40-km), NW-SE oriented valley basin (elevation: 1,500- 1,600-m) with the Tibetan plateau in the west, Baita mountain (above 1,700-m elevation) in the north, and the Gaolan mountain in the south. Due to topographic and meteorological characteristics, Lanzhou is one of the most polluted cities in ... |
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| Pyro-Terrorism -- The Threat of Arson Induced Forest Fires as a Future Terrorist Weapon of Mass Destruction |
Jan-2005 |
23 pages |
| Authors:
Robert A Baird; MARINE CORPS UNIV QUANTICO VA SCHOOL OF ADVANCED WARFIGHTING
|
| The United States is at grave risk of a future pyro-terrorist attack. We must define the threat, understand America's vulnerabilities with regard to it, and take action to mitigate this danger to our homeland. While America focuses on the readily apparent scenarios of smuggled nuclear weapons and radiological bombs, Al Qaeda and other terrorist organizations are adapting to avoid our security and screening systems. Instead of using expensive, complex, and ... |
|
| Biodiversity Inventory and Monitoring, Conservation and Training |
DEC 2004 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
Elizabeth C. Losos; SMITHSONIAN TROPICAL RESEARCH INST WASHINGTON DC
|
| The International Cooperative Biodiversity Group (ICBG) Associate Program for Biodiversity Inventory and Monitoring, Conservation and Training (AP1) is composed of three organizations: the Smithsonian Institution's Monitoring and Assessing Biodiversity Program (SI/MAB), the Center for Tropical Forest Science (CTFS), and the Bioresources Development and Conservation Programme. This report focuses on the use of phase-out funds provided by ICBG to enable AP1 - now ongoing for 9 years - to maintain its ... |
|
| Sound Propagation Through a Forest: A Predictive Model |
NOV 2004 |
22 pages |
| Authors:
Michael J. White; Michelle E. Swearingen; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER CHAMPAIGN IL CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING RESEARCH LAB
|
| Previous attempts at modeling sound propagation through a forest have largely neglected the effects of a sound speed profile. This paper presents a PE-based sound propagation model that includes forest effects. In addition to a simplified but realistic sound speed profile, the model includes ground impedance effects, bulk attenuation due to multiple scattering by tree trunks and canopy, and the usual spherical spreading and atmospheric absorption. |
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| Monitoring Wetland Functional Recovery of Bottomland Hardwood Sites in the Yazoo Basin, MS |
MAR 2004 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
Monica N. Humphrey; Jeff P. Lin; Barbara A. Kleiss; Darrell E. Evans; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS ENVIRONMENTAL LAB
|
| The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Vicksburg District has the task of mitigating functions of bottomland hardwood (BLH) wetland forests in Mississippi lost as a result of the construction of various water resource projects. To date, the Vicksburg District has reforested almost 20,000 acres of BLH forest. This technical note reports on early functional recovery and monitoring at several of these sites, utilizing methodology based on "The Regional Guidebook ... |
|
| Modeling the Effects of Ecosystem Fragmentation and Restoration: Management Models for Mobile Animals. Volume 2. Appendices 3-7 |
01 DEC 2003 |
371 pages |
| Authors:
Thomas Sisk; James B. Battin; Arriana Brand; Leslie Ries; Barry R. Noon; NORTHERN ARIZONA UNIV FLAGSTAFF CENTERFOR ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES AND EDUCATION
|
| Throughout southwestern North America, efforts are under way to reduce the risk of large-scale, high intensity fires and improve forest health through the implementation of forest restoration, a process of timber harvesting and prescribed burns designed to return the ponderosa pine forest ecosystem to a state similar to that in which it existed prior to European settlement of the Southwest. Restoration treatments produce a novel type of habitat edge the ... |
|
| A Two-Dimensional Meteorological Computer Model for the Forest Canopy |
AUG 2003 |
30 pages |
| Authors:
Arnold Tunick; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ADELPHI MD
|
| This report presents the equation set, modeling assumptions, and some initial results from a new, physics-based computer model that is being developed for two-dimensional forest canopy wind flow, temperature, and turbulence calculations. The model is based on the conservation (simplified Navier-Stokes) equations for continuity, momentum, Reynolds stress, energy, heat flux, and turbulent temperature variance. A set of simultaneous equations for each of 12 computed variables is solved iteratively on a ... |
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| Understory Density Characteristics in Several Midlatitude Temperature Forests |
MAR 2003 |
43 pages |
| Authors:
Paul F. Krause; Harry B. Puffenberger; Brian J. Graff; Christopher D. Gard; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER ALEXANDRIA VA TOPOGRAPHIC ENGINEERING CENTER
|
| Understory density can have impacts on such military activities as cross-country mobility, bivouac, cover and concealment, and line of sight Airborne sensors provide a fairly good mechanism for measuring the overstory: crown diameter and tree height. The nature and characteristics of the understory, however, must be subjectively estimated by the analyst. This current work focused on the development of a model to predict understory plant densities from measurable overstory characteristics. ... |
|
| Streamflow Characteristics for Selected Stations In and Near the Grand Mesa, Uncompahgre, and Gunnison National Forests, Southwestern Colorado |
2003 |
37 pages |
| Authors:
Gerhard Kuhn; GEOLOGICAL SURVEY DENVER CO
|
| The U.S Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Grand Mesa, Uncompahgre, and Gunnison National Forests, began a study in 2000 to develop selected streamflow characteristics for 60 streamflow-gaging stations in and near the Grand Mesa, Uncompahgre, and Gunnison National Forests. The study area is located in southwestern Colorado within the Gunnison River, Dolores River, and Plateau Creek Basins, which are tributaries of the Colorado River. In addition to presenting the ... |
|
| Coupling Meteorology to Acoustics in Forests |
SEP 2002 |
47 pages |
| Authors:
Arnold Tunick; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ADELPHI MD
|
| The U.S. Army has a growing interest in the use of advanced sensors and computer models to retrieve. display and interpret acoustic signals from sound-emitting targets in and around forests. Outdoor sound speed is an essential parameter for determining point-to-point acoustic propagation. The speed of sound is often expressed as a function of air temperature, humidity, and wind velocity. Therefore, we have reviewed selected past research on micrometeorology within and ... |
|
| Biodiversity Inventorying and Monitoring, Conservation and Training |
OCT 2001 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
Elizabeth C. Losos; SMITHSONIAN TROPICAL RESEARCH INST WASHINGTON DC
|
| Two Smithsonian organizations, the Monitoring and Assessment of Biodiversity Program (SI/MAB) and the Center for Tropical Forest Science (CTFS), continue ongoing research projects in Western and Central Africa. SI/MAB conducted a one-day stakeholders meeting to develop an integrated approach to environmental resource management, broad stakeholder participation, and coordinated action in biological assessment. In addition, as a follow-up to last year's training course, biological monitoring continues at the Takamenda Forest Reserve. ... |
|
| Management of Bottomland Hardwood Forests for Nongame Bird Communities on Corps of Engineers Projects |
SEP 2001 |
18 pages |
| Authors:
MiMichael P. Guilfoyle; Chester O. Martin; Russel F. Theriot; ARMY ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION VICKSBURG MS
|
| This technical note is a product of the Ecosystem Management and Restoration Research Program (EMRRP) work unit titled "Improved Methods for Ecosystem-Based Habitat Management at Corps Projects." The objective of the work unit is to provide appropriate technology on managing wildlife species and their habitats using ecosystem-based strategies. The emphasis is on methods that improve natural resources for a variety of animals rather than single species. Bottomland hardwoods represent an ... |
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| Estimating Understory Stem Density From Overstory Structural Characteristics |
MAR 2001 |
44 pages |
| Authors:
Paul F. Krause; Michael V. Campbell; Harry B. Puffenberger; ARMY TOPOGRAPHIC ENGINEERING CENTER ALEXANDRIA VA
|
| Current airborne imagery provides a fairly good mechanism for the measurement of such forest elements as tree crown diameter and tree height. The nature of the understory, however, can only be subjectively estimated by the analyst. Understory density and species composition can have an impact of such military activities as cross country mobility, cover and concealment, line-of- sight, and bivouac locations. This work involves the development of preliminary models to ... |
|
| Fire Management Lessons Learned From the Cerro Grande (Los Alamos) Fire and Actions Needed to Reduce Fire Risks |
14 AUG 2000 |
53 pages |
| Authors:
Barry T. Hill; GENERAL ACCOUNTING OFFICE WASHINGTON DC RESOURCES COMMUNITY AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT DIV
|
| We are here today to discuss two related issues, lessons learned from the recent Cerro Grande fire, and, on a broader note, actions needed to mitigate current hazardous forest conditions in the interior West. Only a few months ago, the Los Alamos fire, now officially known as the Cerro Grande fire, caused hundreds of families in Los Alamos, New Mexico, to lose their homes and more than 18,000 ... |
|
| Prescribed Burn at Pine Bluff Arsenal |
MAR 2000 |
80 pages |
| Authors:
Lance Peacock; Douglas Zollber; Scott Simon; NATURE CONSERVANCY LITTLE ROCK AR
|
| Previous to the establishment of the arsenal in 1941 the area was a mix of farms and forest. The area was cutover for timber before 1920. The flat areas were cultivated and steeper area used as woodlots and grazing for cattle and hogs. Abandoned fields grew up in pine or in some cases were planted in pine during the 1930's. The burning of farm stubble and woodlands ... |
|
| Structural Relationships Of Selected Tree Species at Several Mid- Latitude Deciduous Forest Sites in Virginia |
SEP 1999 |
32 pages |
| Authors:
Paul F. Krause; Harry B. Puffenberger; Michael V. Campbell; ARMY TOPOGRAPHIC ENGINEERING CENTER ALEXANDRIA VA
|
| Many computer models currently used by the U.S. Army require input of forest structural attributes. Knowledge of these attributes impacts cross- country mobility, cover and concealment, bivouac, etc. Access to direct ground measurement of these required parameters in denied areas is not always possible. This necessitates the capability to generate accurate estimates of selected forest features. Airborne imagery provides fairly high accuracy for such elements as ... |
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| Forest Response to High Duration and Intensity Flooding along Pool 26 ofthe Upper Mississippi River |
JAN 1999 |
2 pages |
| Authors:
Robert J. Cosgriff; John C. Nelson; Yao Yin; ILLINOIS NATURAL HISTORY SURVEY ALTON LTRMP REACH 26 FIELD STATION
|
| Many natural resource managers could not anticipate the effects that the flood of 1993 would have on floodplain forests of the Upper Mississippi River. Previous experience suggested that floodplain forests were adapted to such events and should only experience removal of upland a non-native species. However, when trees considered highly flood tolerant did not leaf out in the spring of 1994, natural resource managers began ... |
|
| Mycorrhizae in Bottomland Hardwood (BLH) Wetland Forests |
JAN 1999 |
4 pages |
| Authors:
Judy Shearer; M. M. Davis; ARMY ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION VICKSBURG MS
|
| This technical note describes the distribution of mycorrhizae in several BLH wetland forests of the Southeast and their potential importance in restoration of BLH wetland forests from agricultural lands. |
|
| Federal Land Management Appraisals of Headwaters Forest Properties |
DEC 1998 |
24 pages |
| Authors:
GENERAL ACCOUNTING OFFICE WASHINGTON DC RESOURCES COMMUNITY AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT DIV
|
| We did not identify any areas in which the appraisals of the Headwaters and Elk River properties deviated from federal appraisal standards. Federal appraisal standards state that the government should appraise a property to be acquired at its fair market value. The appraiser of the Headwaters property produced a limited appraisal with four market values-one value for each of four timber harvest assumptions provided by BLM. In calculating these four ... |
|
| Management of Longleaf Pine Woodlands for Threatened and Endangered Species |
DEC 1997 |
155 pages |
| Authors:
Mary Harper; Ann-Marie Trame; Richard A. Fischer; Chester O. Martin; CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING RESEARCH LAB (ARMY) CHAMPAIGN IL
|
| Longleaf pine woodlands on military installations support multiple uses, including the Department of Defense (DoD) training and testing mission; threatened, endangered, and sensitive species (TES) conservation; and forest commodities (e.g., timber, pine straw) production. This report documents strategies to manage TES and their habitats on a plant community basis, using methods that apply to multiple species, and using methods that apply across the southeastern region of the United States. This ... |
|
| Irradiance of Surface Fire in Forests |
15 OCT 96 |
20 pages |
| Authors:
Chen Dawo; Wang Xiuqing; Wei Chong; NATIONAL AIR INTELLIGENCE CENTER WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH
|
| This paper discussed the irradiance of fire lines to surface-ground while surface-ground spreading, and the effect of wind speed, slope on irradiance. The formula for calculation of irradiance of fire line to surface- ground was deduced by analysis to flame characteristics and by building up the radiation model of flame zone in fire line. The formula for calculating of irradiance of zone covered flame was deduced by taking the average ... |
|
| Wildlife Community Habitat Evaluation: A Model for Deciduous Palustrine Forested Wetlands in Maryland |
SEP 96 |
43 pages |
| Authors:
Richard L. Schroeder; ARMY ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION VICKSBURG MS
|
| The species richness of forest interior birds, reptiles, and amphibians in deciduous palustrine forested wetlands is influenced by habitat conditions within the forest and the spatial arrangement of forest tracts within the surrounding landscape. Habitat fragmentation is a major determinant of species richness and composition in these forests. The model predicts richness from an evaluation of habitat and spatial variables, with the highest levels of richness assumed to be found ... |
|
| Reestablishment of Bottomland Oak Species in Lower Mississippi Valley Alluvial Soils |
OCT 95 |
53 pages |
| Authors:
Masato Miwa; MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV MISSISSIPPI STATE
|
| The majority acreage of bottomland hardwood forests in the lower Mississippi Valley have been cleared. Several Government programs now encourage reforestation of formerly cleared areas, especially to large seeded tree species. Research is needed to identify optimal planting methodologies to utilize soil and hydrologic gradients and species diversity if bottomland forests are to be economically reforested and managed. Cherrybark oak, Nuttall oak, Shumard oak, and water oak were direct seeded ... |
|
| Characterization of Changes to Bottomland Hardwood Forests and Forested Wetlands in the Cache River, Arkansas, Watershed |
OCT 95 |
41 pages |
| Authors:
Mark R. Graves; M. R. Kress; Scott Bourne; ARMY ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION VICKSBURG MS
|
| Spatial data analysis and image processing techniques were used to document changes to forest cover and forested wetlands in the Cache River, AR, watershed. Historical topographic maps, recent topographic maps, and digital satellite imagery were used to determine the magnitude of forest removal. Changes in forest fragmentation were quantffied based on the distribution and geometry of forest stands. Between 1935 and 1972, approximately 100,000 ha of forest cover (30 percent ... |
|
| Fixed Area Plot Sampling for Forest Inventory: Section 6, 2, 4, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Wildlife Resources Management Manual |
SEP 95 |
35 pages |
| Authors:
Wilma A. Mitchell; H. G. Hughes; ARMY ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION VICKSBURG MS ENVIRONMENTAL LAB
|
| The fixed area plot technique can be used by biologists and natural resource managers for forest inventory. It is an appropriate method for determining major forest stand parameters such as species composition, density, and basal area. Equipment is inexpensive, and the technique is easy to apply. Topics include guidelines for technique selection and study design, preparations for sampling, and procedures for data collection and analysis. Detailed instructions are given for ... |
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| Carbon Sequestration and Forest Management at DoD Installations: An Exploratory Study |
1995 |
63 pages |
| Authors:
Jerry R. Barker; Greg A. Baumgardner; Jeffrey J. Lee; J. C. McFarlane; ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY CORVALLIS OR ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LAB
|
| Forests located on U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) training installations throughout the United States offer promising opportunities to sequester and conserve atmospheric carbon because many lands could be reforested, other lands could receive management practices that would improve tree growth, while additional lands support mature forests that are vast carbon reservoirs. The primary purpose of this report is to explore the influence of ... |
|
| Military Training Use of National Forest Lands, Camp Shelby, Mississippi. Volume 3: Response to Comments |
JUL 94 |
613 pages |
| Authors:
Harold E. Balbach; David L. Price; William R. Whitworth; Manroop K. Chawla; Eric R. Schreiber; CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING RESEARCH LAB (ARMY) CHAMPAIGN IL
|
| The Department of the Army, National Guard Bureau, proposes to continue Special Permit use of approximately 117,000 acres of National Forest land as an integral part of Camp Shelby, MS. This Environmental Impact Statement (ElS) discusses six alternatives, concentrating on threatened and endangered species, biodiversity, forest fragmentation, soil loss, timber supply, recreation opportunities, and the quality of life for local residents. The conclusion was that no alternative, with one exception, ... |
|
| Military Training Use of National Forest Lands, Camp Shelby, Mississippi. Volume 1 |
JUL 94 |
624 pages |
| Authors:
Harold E. Balbach; David L. Price; William R. Whitworth; Manroop K. Chawla; Eric R. Schreiber; CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING RESEARCH LAB (ARMY) CHAMPAIGN IL
|
| The Department of the Army, National Guard Bureau, proposes to continue Special Permit use of approximately 117,000 acres of National Forest land as an integral part of Camp Shelby, MS. This Environmental Impact Statement (ElS) discusses six alternatives, concentrating on threatened and endangered species, biodiversity, forest fragmentation, soil loss, timber supply, recreation opportunities, and the quality of life for local residents. The conclusion was that no alternative, with one exception, ... |
|
| Military Training Use of National Forest Lands, Camp Shelby, Mississippi. Volume 2: Appendices |
JUL 94 |
963 pages |
| Authors:
Harold E. Balbach; David L. Price; William R. Whitworth; Manroop K. Chawla; Eric R. Schreiber; CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING RESEARCH LAB (ARMY) CHAMPAIGN IL
|
| The Department of the Army, National Guard Bureau, proposes to continue Special Permit use of approximately 117,000 acres of National Forest land as an integral part of Camp Shelby, MS. This Environmental Impact Statement (ElS) discusses six alternatives, concentrating on threatened and endangered species, biodiversity, forest fragmentation, soil loss, timber supply, recreation opportunities, and the quality of life for local residents. The conclusion was that no alternative, with one exception, ... |
|
| A Legislative Examination of the New Perspectives Program |
94 |
48 pages |
| Authors:
Laura Smith; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH
|
| 'We need a fundamental reform in managing all of the resources associated with-the lands of the National Forest system ... The days have ended when the forest may be viewed as timber. The soil and the water, the grasses and the shrubs, the fish and the wildlife, and the beauty that is the forest must become integral parts of the resource manager's thinking and action' (Humphrey in Greiman 1990). This ... |
|
| A Lower Bound for the Intersection of Regular Forests |
05 OCT 93 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
Dennis M. Volpano; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA DEPT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE
|
| Regular Sigma X-forests continue to play an important role in programming languages, specifically in the design of type systems. They arise naturally as terms of constructor-based, recursive data types in logic and functional languages. Deciding whether the intersection of a sequence of regular Sigma X-forests is nonempty is an important problem in type inference. We show that this problem is PSPACE-hard and as a corollary that the problem of constructing ... |
|
| Denitrification in Bottomland Hardwood Soils of the Cache River, Arkansas |
SEP 93 |
36 pages |
| Authors:
R. R. Boar; R. D. DeLaune; C. W. Lindau; W. H. Patrick Jr; LOUISIANA STATE UNIV BATON ROUGE
|
| To give initial nitrate-N concentrations of about 9 mg L-1, 15N labeled nitrate was added to sediment-water columns containing wetland sediment and river water. Over 40 days, nitrate-N in floodwater decreased by between 82 and 59 percent, which gave estimates of N export from the water column of 11.5 mg N m-2 day -1 and 7.5 mg N m-2 day-1. These values are low compared with wetland systems elsewhere and ... |
|
| Flood Tolerance of Plant Species in Bottomland Forests of the Southeastern United States |
AUG 93 |
204 pages |
| Authors:
Russell F. Theriot; ARMY ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION VICKSBURG MS ENVIRONMENTAL LAB
|
| Vegetation data on species composition along a hydrologic gradient were collected at 17 bottomland forest sites throughout the southeastern United States. Weighted averages based on importance values calculated from 55 stands resulted in flood tolerance index (FTI) numbers, the optimum position for each species along the defined hydrologic gradient, for 312 identified species. Commonly occurring species were evaluated using cluster analyses and discriminant function analyses. Data on tree, sapling, and ... |
|
| Container Oak Seedlings for Bottomland Hardwood (BLH) Restoration |
AUG 1993 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
ARMY ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION VICKSBURG MS
|
| This technical note discusses growing Nuttall oak (Quercus numdlii Palmer) seedlings in containers for small (BLH) restoration projects. This method may increase seedling survival and improve restoration success in frequently flooded areas. |
|
| Solar Zenith Angle Effects on Forest Canopy Hemispherical Reflectances Calculated with a Geometric-Optical Bidirectional Reflectance Model |
JUL 1993 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Crystal Barker; Alan H. Strahler; PHILLIPS LAB HANSCOM AFB MA
|
| The Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) provided by the Li-Strahler geometric-optical forest canopy model has been integrated to provide spectral instantaneous hemispherical reflectances of sparsely vegetated surfaces. Further integration over the sun's zenith angles can yield daily or longer interval hemispherical reflectances as well. A variety of simulated canopies (conifer, savanna, and shrub) were modeled with varying solar angles. In all cases, as the geometric-optical model introduced increased shadowing of ... |
|
| Brazilian Rain Forest Security - Environment - Development |
25 MAR 93 |
|
| Authors:
Pedro A. Arruda; ARMY WAR COLL CARLISLE BARRACKS PA
|
 | The Amazon region has been intensely discussed in the recent years. Most of these discussions have been highly influenced by interests groups. To understand the Amazon area we need to specify what the Amazon is, to describe the forest, to evaluate its mineral and biological resources, and to study the people living in the region. A security analysis reveals that there are no main threats to Brazilian Amazon. Nevertheless, narco ... |
|
| Methods for Measuring Sedimentation Rates in Bottomland Hardwood (BLH) Wetlands |
JAN 1993 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
ARMY ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION VICKSBURG MS
|
| This note describes four methods that can be used to measure sedimentation rates in BLH forests and other wetland systems. Time are: a modified sediment trap method, called a sediment disk; use of a feldspar clay marker horizon; use of 137cesium for dating cores; and a dendrogeomorphic method. The advantages and disadvantages of the methods are discussed and their application to wetland regulation and evaluation considered. |
|
| Chernobyl Doses. Volume 2. Conifer Stress near Chernobyl Derived from Landsat Imagery |
01 DEC 92 |
81 pages |
| Authors:
Gene E. McClellan; Terrence H. Hemmer; Ronald N. DeWitt; PACIFIC-SIERRA RESEARCH CORP LOS ANGELES CA
|
| This volume presents Landsat Thematic Mapper imagery of the area surrounding the Chernobyl Nuclear Reactor Station and derives quantitative estimates of the spatial extent and time progression of stress on coniferous forests resulting from the 26 April 1986 reactor explosion and release of radioactive material. Change detection between pre- and postaccident images demonstrates convincingly that remote sensing of the spectral reflectance of coniferous forests in visible and infrared wavelengths at ... |
|
| Manipulation of Landsat Spectral Characteristics to Classify Vegetation and Soil Wetness in the Rainforest of Bolivia |
09 NOV 92 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
Michael G. Barwick; Harry B. Puffenberger; ARMY TOPOGRAPHIC ENGINEERING CENTER FORT BELVOIR VA
|
| This study attempts to classify tropical region soils and vegetation by moisture content from multispectral imagery. Identified wet areas were used to determine the percentage of wetness in the study area, by evaluating the spectral response of tropical rainforest vegetation and soils. Supervised classification, unsupervised classification, and manipulation of spectral band techniques were used to determine percentages of wetness in the study area. Using these methodologies, vegetation and soil units ... |
|
| Pacific Island Flying Foxes: Proceedings of an International Conservation Conference |
JUL 92 |
181 pages |
| Authors:
Don E. Wilson; Gary L. Graham; FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE WASHINGTON DC
|
| With over 50 species, Pteropus is by far the largest genus among the flying foxes (Family Pteropodidae). For the species on which some recent information is available, a dismaying number are apparently undergoing population declines. At least three species have become extinct since the late 1800's; others are severely threatened. Most have limited island distributions, and are affected to varying degrees by direct exploitation, habitat alteration, and introduced predators. Yet ... |
|
| Forest Service Timber Sales Program: Questionable Need for Contract Term Extensions and Status of Efforts to Reduce Costs |
28 APR 92 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
GENERAL ACCOUNTING OFFICE WASHINGTON DC RESOURCES COMMUNITY AND ECONOMIC DEVE LOPMENT DIV
|
| This statement is provided to record observations on two distinct issues concerning the timber sales program of the Department of Agriculture's Forest Service. The first relates to work performed at the request of Representative Vic Fazio and involves a December 1990 regulation that allows for 1-year extensions in the length of timber sales contracts in response to drastic reductions in the prices for wood products. Representative Fazio has agreed to ... |
|
| Taiga Forest Stands and SAR: Monitoring for Subarctic Global Change, |
MAR 1992 |
|
| Authors:
JoBea Way; Ron Kwok; Leslie Viereck; Charles Slaughter; Craig Dobson; JET PROPULSION LAB PASADENA CA
|
| In preparation for the first European Earth Remote Sensing (ERS-1) mission, a series of multitemporal, multifrequency, multipolarization aircraft synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data sets were acquired over the Bonanza Creek Experimental Forest near Fairbanks, Alaska in March 1988. Significant change in radar backscatter was observed over the two-week experimental period due to changing environmental conditions. These preliminary results are presented to illustrate the opportunity afforded by the ERS-1 SAR to ... |
|
| Changes Needed in the Forest Service's Recreation Program |
26 FEB 91 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
GENERAL ACCOUNTING OFFICE WASHINGTON DC RESOURCES COMMUNITY AND ECONOMIC DEVE LOPMENT DIV
|
| In summary, despite increases in appropriations during the latter part of the 1980s, the Forest Service's funding and staffing have not been sufficient to either develop recreational sites and areas up to the levels called for in national forest plans or to maintain them at the Service's current standards. We estimated that at least $644 million is needed to eliminate the maintenance and reconstruction backlog--$449 million for developed sites and ... |
|
| Forest Service Wilderness Management Funding |
26 FEB 91 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
GENERAL ACCOUNTING OFFICE WASHINGTON DC RESOURCES COMMUNITY AND ECONOMIC DEVE LOPMENT DIV
|
| In summary, although the amounts designated by the appropriations Committees for wilderness management have increased almost 80 percent from fiscal years 1988 through 1991, reprogrammings--coupled with program expenses at other organizational levels--have resulted in less than half of the total funds designated for wilderness management being used for the day-to-day management of wilderness areas. |
|
| Parks and Recreation: Resource Limitations Affect Condition of Forest Service Recreation sites |
JAN 91 |
63 pages |
| Authors:
GENERAL ACCOUNTING OFFICE WASHINGTON DC RESOURCES COMMUNITY AND ECONOMIC DEVE LOPMENT DIV
|
| On the basis of questionnaire responses, GAO estimates that, as of the beginning of fiscal year 1990, the Forest Service had a $449 million backlog of unmet maintenance and reconstruction needs, more than double the amount the agency reported in 1986. Insufficient resources, both funding and staffing, were the primary cause of the backlog, according to Forest Service officials. Little of the agency's overall recreation budget is available to address ... |
|
| UHF Radiowave Propagation through Forests |
JUL 90 |
61 pages |
| Authors:
R. H. Lang; A. Schneider; F. J. Altman; CYBERCOM CORP ARLINGTON VA
|
| Using the US Army's Wideband Propagation Measurement System, radio wave propagation experiments were twice conducted in Coventry, Connecticut - first in August 1987 and again in November 1987 after the autumnal leaf fall. A selected subset of these data, representing nearly one-hundred experiments conducted over different distances with different frequencies, polarizations and antenna heights, has been analyzed and trends established which relate delay spread to the environmental and radiophysical parameters ... |
|
| Proceedings of the International Symposium on Frozen Soil Impacts on Agricultural, Range, and Forest Lands Held at Spokane, Washington on March 21- 22, 1990 |
MAR 90 |
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| Authors:
Keith R. Cooley; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER NH
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| Partial Contents: Frozen Soil Impacts on Agricultural, Range, and Forest Lands-An Introduction; Frozen Soil, Runoff and Soil Erosion Research in Northeastern Oregon; Nature of the Cryic Thermal Regime of Agricultural Soils in the Yukon Territory, Canada; Soil Freezing in a Subarctic Deciduous Forest; Tillage and Crop Residue Effects of Soil Frost Depth; Comparison of Numerical Simulations with Experimental Data for a Prototype Artificial Ground Freezing; Effect of Freeze-Thaw Activity on ... |
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| Tongass National Forest: Administration of Two Long-Term Alaskan Timber Contracts |
FEB 90 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
GENERAL ACCOUNTING OFFICE WASHINGTON DC RESOURCES COMMUNITY AND ECONOMIC DEVE LOPMENT DIV
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| In your March 10, 1989, letter, you raised questions about two long- term timber contract in the Tongass National Forest. The contracts required private companies to harvest prescribed amounts of timber within agreed upon time frames during the 50-year contract life. Specifically, you expressed concern that considerable timber prepared for harvest by the Department of Agriculture's Forest Service either remained as unharvested timber (commonly referred to as timber backlog) or ... |
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