| Afghanistan: Politics, Elections, and Government Performance |
02-Nov-2009 |
|
| Authors:
Kenneth Katzman; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
 | The Afghan government's limited writ and widespread official corruption are helping sustain a Taliban insurgency, and have fed international pessimism about efforts to stabilize Afghanistan. At the same time, President Hamid Karzai has, through compromise with faction leaders, been able to confine ethnic disputes to political competition, enabling his government to focus on trying to win over those members of the ethnic Pashtun community who support the Taliban and other ... |
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| Pakistan's Impact on Afghanistan |
Oct-2009 |
72 pages |
| Authors:
Julian Schofield; CONCORDIA UNIV MONTREAL (QUEBEC)
|
 | These briefing charts discuss the causes of the Afghan War, what Pakistan wants, political leaders, religious and ethnic groups in Pakistan and Afghanistan and their influence, the Soviet Union in Afghanistan, and engaging Islamic ideas in Afghanistan. |
|
| Religious-Based Violence and National Security in Nigeria: Case Studies of Kaduna State and the Taliban Activities in Borno State |
12-Jun-2009 |
128 pages |
| Authors:
Sanusi Aliyu; ARMY COMMAND AND GENERAL STAFF COLL FORT LEAVENWORTH KS
|
| Nigeria is a multi-religious and multi-ethnic society with enormous potential for economic, social, and democratic development. However, the intense conflicts and violence that have manifested within it since colonial rule have made development and elude the country. Nigeria is usually characterized as a deeply divided state in which major political issues are vigorously contested along the lines of complex ethnic, religious, and regional divisions. The causes of these conflicts may ... |
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| Moldova: Background and U.S. Policy |
14-Apr-2009 |
|
| Authors:
Steven Woehrel; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| Although a small country, Moldova has been of interest to U.S. policy makers due to its position between NATO and European Union (EU) member Romania and strategic Ukraine. In addition, some experts have expressed concern about alleged Russian efforts to extend its hegemony over Moldova through various methods, including a troop presence, manipulation of Moldova's relationship with its breakaway Transnistria region, and energy supplies and other trading links. Moldova's political ... |
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| Stability in Russia's Chechnya and Other Regions of the North Caucasus: Recent Developments |
03-Apr-2009 |
|
| Authors:
Jim Nichol; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| In recent years, major terrorist attacks have abated in Russia's North Caucasus-a border area between the Black and Caspian Seas that includes the formerly breakaway Chechnya and other ethnic-based regions-although small-scale attacks reportedly continue. Previous major terrorist attacks included the June 2004 raid on security offices in the town of Nazran (in Ingushetia), where nearly 100 security personnel and civilians were killed, and the September 2004 attack at the Beslan ... |
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| Dealing with Terrorist Sanctuary in Pakistan's Federally Administered Tribal Areas |
27-Mar-2009 |
44 pages |
| Authors:
Kirk H Nilsson; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| The United States must use all elements of its national power to support the development and execution of an appropriate Pakistani counterinsurgency strategy to eliminate Taliban and al Qaeda sanctuaries in the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) of Pakistan. This paper describes the problem of terrorist sanctuaries in the FATA in the context of forces that shape the area: Pashtun society, the state and counter-states, and globalization. After analyzing the ... |
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| Cricket's Contribution to India's National Solidification |
Mar-2009 |
137 pages |
| Authors:
Jason H Brightman; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| India's extremely diverse society has managed to hold together for over 60 years. There are a number of possible explanations for this, but one explanation that is often underappreciated is popular culture, and especially sports. Specifically, cricket has had a number of effects that would appear to have contributed to social cohesion in India. This thesis asks the following question: What effects has cricket had on the solidification of the ... |
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| Assessing United States Policy in Iraq: The Kurdish Dilemma |
Mar-2009 |
28 pages |
| Authors:
Michael S Higginbottom; ARMY WAR COLL CARLISLE BARRACKS PA
|
| The strategic question this study seeks to answer is what an appropriate US Government policy should be regarding the Kurdish situation in Iraq. Are there larger implications for security and stability in the greater Middle East with respect to ethnic Kurdish identity and national aspirations? A distinct ethnic group within the greater Middle East, the Kurds lives predominantly in four countries of immense strategic importance for the US. These are ... |
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| Ethnicity and Prostate Cancer: Vitamin D Genetic and Sociodemographic Factors |
Mar-2009 |
46 pages |
| Authors:
Kathleen C Torkko; COLORADO UNIV HEALTH SCIENCES CENTER AURORA CO
|
| During the 2nd year of the grant, genotyping and sociodemographic survey development and distribution was started and is on-going. The sociodemographic survey was developed, tested, and approved by the local internal review board. Initial distribution of the survey was carried out in January 2009. A second mailing is currently underway. So far approximately 50% of men have responded. Men who have not responded to two mailings will be asked to ... |
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| Officer Classification and the Future of Diversity Among Senior Military Leaders: A Case Study of the Army ROTC |
Jan-2009 |
|
| Authors:
Nelson Lim; Jefferson P Marquis; Kimberly C Hall; David Schulker; Xiaohui Zhuo; RAND NATIONAL DEFENSE RESEARCH INST SANTA MONICA CA
|
| Throughout recent history, the U.S. military has served as a model for racial integration and has seen diversity flourish in its organization. Still, while the enlisted ranks of the U.S. military exhibit a high level of demographic diversity, the leadership of the military has remained demographically homogenous. This report summarizes findings from an exploratory study of a potential barrier to improving demographic diversity in the senior officer ranks. We started ... |
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| ProCEED Pilot Study (Prostate Cancer Study of Ethnicity, Exercise and Diet) |
Dec-2008 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Katrine L Wallace; ILLINOIS UNIV AT CHICAGO
|
| The third year of the grant was dedicated to continued subject enrollment. At the end of the enrollment period there were 87 subjects enrolled into the study (57 prostate cancer cases and 30 controls). A no-cost extension was recently obtained in order to complete study in 2009. Data management activities, dietary data analysis, laboratory sample processing, and study data entry are currently underway. No final results from this study are ... |
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| Patterns of Care and Disparities in the Treatment of Early Breast Cancer |
30-Sep-2008 |
39 pages |
| Authors:
Grace Smith; M D ANDERSON CANCER CENTER HOUSTON TX
|
| Prior research evidence that has suggested that regional variation and socioeconomic barriers in breast cancer treatment remain substantial problems for patients across the nation. The purpose of our project was to characterize national patterns in the treatment of early invasive breast cancer in older women with incident disease. We specifically sought to characterize disparities in care and regional variation in treatment patterns. Methods. We sought to apply a novel resource, ... |
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| The Republic of Macedonia: Implementing the Ohrid Framework Agreement and Reforming the State |
01-Sep-2008 |
119 pages |
| Authors:
George A Tsukatos; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| The Republic of Macedonia (ROM) remained peaceful during the violent breakup of Yugoslavia. However, the 1999 Kosovo refugee crisis combined with a large, disgruntled ethnic Albanian minority triggered an ethnic conflict between the Macedonian security forces and Albanian rebels in February 2001. Hostilities ended with the signing of the Ohrid Framework Agreement in August 2001. The agreement called for an end to the violence and provided concessions towards Albanian grievances. ... |
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| India's Northeast: The Frontier in Ferment |
Sep-2008 |
91 pages |
| Authors:
Prakash Singh; JOINT SPECIAL OPERATIONS UNIV HURLBURT FIELD FL
|
| Prakash Singh's monograph on the threat that insurgencies in northeast India present to the national government provides an excellent insight into a significant security challenge to the Indian state. The troubles in the eight northeastern states highlighted in this work are frequently overlooked in the West when people assess India's security concerns, which often focus on Pakistan and China. This work clearly elevates the fractious northeastern region as a region ... |
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| Trust in Culturally Diverse Teams |
Sep-2008 |
|
| Authors:
Barbara D Adams; Andrea L Brown; Julie J Famewo; Cheryl L Karthaus; DEFENCE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT TORONTO (CANADA)
|
| As the Canadian Forces is becoming more culturally diverse and personnel are increasingly involved in complex multinational coalition operations, a critical issue is how military teams will be able to work efficiently and effectively despite the challenges posed by diversity. One of the major challenges for future military teams is that perceived differences among teammates could impede the development and maintenance of trust. This study investigates the impact of cultural ... |
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| The Evolution of the Taliban |
01-Jun-2008 |
199 pages |
| Authors:
Shahid A Afsar; Christopher A Samples; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| The Taliban organization has undergone a major transformation, since its ouster from power in Afghanistan and continues to wage an effective defensive insurgency or "war of the flea." The study uses results of a survey of knowledgeable participants in the Afghan-Pakistan arena, conducted by the authors, to analyze the current situation and prospects for success. The thesis explains the Taliban's survival and growth in the face of significant odds by ... |
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| Center for Research on Minority Health -- Prostate Cancer and Health Disparities Research |
May-2008 |
140 pages |
| Authors:
Lovell A Jones; Curtis Pettaway; Isabel Torres; M D ANDERSON CANCER CENTER HOUSTON TX
|
| The Center for Research on Minority Health (CRMH), the first Congressionally mandated center on minority health and health disparities outside of the Federal Government, conducts research that benefits the community. This project is a collaborative endeavor among the CRMH, M.D. Anderson's Department of Urology (Dr. Curtis Pettaway), and the Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences. The funding has supported three interrelated, yet distinct efforts: (1) the CRMH infrastructure and ... |
|
| Ethnicity and Prostate Cancer: Vitamin D Genetic and Sociodemographic Factors |
01-Mar-2008 |
41 pages |
| Authors:
Kathleen C Torkko; COLORADO UNIV HEALTH SCIENCES CENTER AURORA CO
|
| During the first year of the grant, one paper was accepted for publication based on the grantees PhD work. This paper would not have been completed without the additional resources provided by this grant and the grant is duly acknowledged in the paper. One other paper was published in the year as a result of collaborations with some of the grantees mentors. Both papers examined differences in genetic polymorphisms in ... |
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| Racial Diversity within the Marine Corps |
Mar-2008 |
31 pages |
| Authors:
Clinton D Alexander; MARINE CORPS COMMAND AND STAFF COLL QUANTICO VA
|
| In comparison to the U.S. population, non-Whites are not represented fairly in the Marine Corps Officer and Senior Non-Commissioned Officer (NCO) leadership. Diversity is an increasingly important topic in the civilian world as well as in the military. Experts in organizational behavior tend to agree that diversity fosters multiple points of view in problem solving and decreases group think. Organizations that foster diversity also tend to have better teamwork, accomplish ... |
|
| Demographic Shifts in the United States Air Force: 1994-2007 |
15-Feb-2008 |
52 pages |
| Authors:
Stephen P Melroy; AIR WAR COLL MAXWELL AFB AL
|
| The United States military continues to fill its ranks on a voluntary basis, but does so under the auspices of an active war in Southwest Asia, unlike other long-term engagements such as World War II and Vietnam, where conscription filled a majority of the ranks. In seeking volunteers, the U.S. Air Force (USAF) actively competes against civilian industry and other military services for manpower, increasing the level of difficulty in ... |
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| Is Federalism Based on Ethnic Partition a Viable Solution in Iraq? |
14 DEC 2007 |
106 pages |
| Authors:
Douglas W. Merritt; ARMY COMMAND AND GENERAL STAFF COLL FORT LEAVENWORTH KS
|
| The U.S. strategy in Iraq from 2003 to 2007 focused on transitioning Iraq into a unified democratic nation state with majority and minority leaders working toward common goals. One seemingly unforeseen issue was that primordial nationalism overshadowed modern nationalism. Primordial nationalism provided an exploitable seam for outside actors and internal ethnically driven leaders to create instability despite the efforts of the United States. Under the confines of the initial U.S. ... |
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| Analysis of Ethnic Admixture in Prostate Cancer |
DEC 2007 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
Cathryn Bock; WAYNE STATE UNIV DETROIT MI
|
| Evidence for a genetic component to prostate cancer is strong, however few genes have been identified, and most of the genetic risk remains undefined. To date, multiple traditional genome scans have been performed, and several susceptibility loci have been identified. Traditional genome scans using familial data have generally not included enough African Americans to provide adequate statistical power to detect linkage. Our project uses a novel approach to gene discovery ... |
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| The Kurds in Post-Saddam Iraq |
07 NOV 2007 |
|
| Authors:
Kenneth Katzman; Alfred B. Prados; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| The Kurdish-inhabited region of northern Iraq is relatively peaceful and prospering economically, but the Iraqi Kurds political autonomy and political strength in post-Saddam Iraq has caused growing threat perceptions in Turkey, Iran, and Arab Iraq. However, the Iraqi Kurds' ties to the United States and the U.S. drive to stabilize Iraq will likely enable the Kurds to parry the threats. This report will be updated. See CRS Report RL31339, Iraq: ... |
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| The Fracturing of China? Ethnic Separatism and Political Violence in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region |
SEP 2007 |
83 pages |
| Authors:
Bradley D. Hitchcock; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| In the wake of the September 11th terrorist attacks on New York and Washington, China began to tout its own terrorist problem in the predominantly Muslim-populated province of Xinjiang. Claims that the province's separatists and extremists threaten China's national security seem contrary to literature focusing on the region's ethnic minorities. Yet Xinjiang has historically been a restive, rebellious province, and only in recent years came fully under Beijing's sphere of ... |
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| Criminals and Insurgents: The Role of Ethnicity in State Responses to Internal Resource Competitors |
JUN 2007 |
129 pages |
| Authors:
Edward W. Novack; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| A government facing an ethnicity based insurgency competing with it for natural resources faces different threats based upon the level of ethnic homogeneity of the insurgent elements. Where a mono-ethnic insurgent threat develops, the government faces a potential separatist movement seeking secession from the country as a means to address its grievances. The government will have no option other than counterinsurgency to manage this threat. Where a multi-ethnic insurgent threat ... |
|
| Quality of Breast Cancer Care: The Role of Hispanic Ethnicity, Language, and Socioeconomic Position |
JUN 2007 |
53 pages |
| Authors:
Diana M. Tisnado; Katherine L. Kahn; CALIFORNIA UNIV LOS ANGELES
|
| Using data from a population-based sample of breast cancer patients in Los Angeles County. Their physicians, and neighborhood data, our goal is to examine the relative importance of ethnicity, language, and socio-economic position, and how they relate to structure, process, and outcomes of breast cancer care. In neighborhood-level analyses, Hispanic neighborhood was statistically significantly associated with numerous measures of socio-economic resources and acculturation. In patient-level analyses, we found evidence of ... |
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| Iran: Ethnic and Religious Minorities |
25 MAY 2007 |
|
| Authors:
Hussein D. Hassan; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| Iran is home to approximately 69 million people who are ethnically, religiously, and linguistically diverse. The central authority is dominated by Persians who constitute 51% of Iran's population. Iranians speak diverse Indo-Iranian, Semitic, Armenian, and Turkic languages. The state religion is Shia, Islam. After installation by Ayatollah Khomeini of an Islamic regime in February 1979, treatment of ethnic and religious minorities grew worse. By summer of 1979, initial violent conflicts ... |
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| Ending the Conflict in Iraq -- Is Partition the Answer? |
30-Apr-2007 |
48 pages |
| Authors:
David W Riggins; TEXAS UNIV AT AUSTIN INST FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY
|
| This paper examines current and recent literature on the employment of partition within conflict-laden nations as a means of ending hostilities and promoting long-term peace. This framework is then used to explore the situation in Iraq and answer the question put forth in the paper's title. In November 2005, the National Security Council published the National Strategy for Victory in Iraq, which broadly lays out the U.S. policy for helping ... |
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| Outcomes by Ethnicity: Sentinel Lymph Node Status in Women with Breast Cancer |
Apr-2007 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Mary Hassett; M D ANDERSON CANCER CENTER HOUSTON TX
|
| Breast cancer incidence and outcomes (disease-free survival and overall survival) vary widely in women of different racial and ethnic backgrounds. Clinical research indicates that many possible factors, including ethnicity and tumor biology, affect outcomes in women diagnosed with breast cancer. Regional lymph node status (presence of metastasis in regional lymph nodes and number of affected nodes) is the best prognostic indicator for women with breast cancer. It is not known ... |
|
| Understanding Warlordism |
MAR 2007 |
93 pages |
| Authors:
Benjamin E. Hwang; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| The purpose of this thesis is to understand warlordism and, in particular, the warlord environment in Afghanistan. Weak central authority in the state of Afghanistan has been a political tradition due largely to a patronage system of governance. This weak political structure allows warlord military organizations to draw resources from the environment. Warlord organizations use armed force to access these resources. Warlords also wield political power and use their military ... |
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| The Kurds in Post-Saddam Iraq |
12 DEC 2006 |
|
| Authors:
Kenneth Katzman; Alfred B. Prados; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| Iraq's Kurdish community, repressed by previous Iraqi governments, has become a major force in post-Saddam Iraq. The Kurdish-inhabited regions of northern Iraq are relatively peaceful, development is proceeding there, and the Kurdish leaders now occupy senior positions, including the presidency. However, there are concerns that the Kurds are using their political strength to serve their own interests at the expense of a unified Iraq. This report will be updated. See ... |
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| Ethnic Conflicts and Governmental Conflict Management |
DEC 2006 |
101 pages |
| Authors:
Levent Can; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| While some multiethnic states suffer from ethnicity-based conflicts, others enjoy the benefits of diversity, such as different skill sets, interests, and cultures. However, the cost of ethnic conflict is overwhelming. Ernest Regehr wrote in 1993 that almost two-thirds of political conflicts worldwide were ethnic conflicts. Although ethnic conflict is a worldwide phenomenon, it is not fate. Unlike the many unfortunate ones, some ethnically divided nations have successfully lived together without ... |
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| ProCEED Pilot Study (Prostate Cancer Study of Ethnicity, Exercise and Diet) |
DEC 2006 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
Katrine L. Wallace; Sylvia E. Furner; Vicent L. Freeman; CHICAGO UNIV IL
|
| As the first year of the grant was dedicated to study start-up activities, no results from the main study are yet available. A descriptive epidemiology study comparing racial trends in prostate cancer incidence rates in Illinois and the United States was undertaken. The objective of this study was to examine trends in Illinois and US prostate cancer rates to ascertain whether trends were similar by race. Incidence rates were obtained ... |
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| Military Integration as a Factor for Post-Conflict Stability and Reconciliation: Rwanda, 1994-2005 |
SEP 2006 |
103 pages |
| Authors:
Sam Ruhunga; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| The international community adopted Disarmament, Demobilization, and Reintegration (DDR) programs at the end of the Cold War in 1989 as a means to end violent conflicts in various parts of world. The traditional DDR programs were designed either to disband the defeated enemy forces, or to integrate ex-combatants where the fighting has not been conclusive. Exclusion of ex-combatants has resulted in renewed conflict. This thesis argues that conventional DDR has ... |
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| China's Muslims: Separatism and Prospects for Ethnic Peace |
SEP 2006 |
91 pages |
| Authors:
Evan W. McKinney; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| The Uighur issue is of vital regional and global security importance to China. Although minority separatists are not well-armed and seem to be largely disorganized, the violence poses a very real threat to China's ability to develop Xinjiang. The Chinese Communist Party's (CCP) behavior toward its Muslims has received renewed Western attention in the aftermath of 9/11. China's Uighurs have responded to CCP policies with violence and separatist activity, but ... |
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| Solutions for Northern Kosovo: Lessons Learned in Mostar, Eastern Slavonia, and Brcko |
AUG 2006 |
62 pages |
| Authors:
Hans Binnendijk; Charles Barry; Gina Cordero; Laura Peterson Nussbaum; Melissa Sinclair; NATIONAL DEFENSE UNIV WASHINGTON DC CENTER FOR TECHNOLOGY AND NATIONAL SECURITY POLICY
|
| The six-nation Contact Group on Kosovo is now engaged in discussions about the future status of Kosovo. If the Contact Group's current guidelines are followed, Kosovo may become an independent country with no formal partitions. Under those circumstances, the treatment of the Serb minority in Kosovo (about 7 percent of the population) will be a critical issue in the negotiations. The largest concentration of those Serbs is north of the ... |
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| Gynecologic Cancer Center for Racial Disparities |
AUG 2006 |
20 pages |
| Authors:
G. L. Maxwell; HENRY M JACKSON FOUNDATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF MILITARY MEDICINE ROCKVILLE MD
|
| There are significant health-related disparities in outcome among women in the United States with different types of gynecologic cancer. The authors hypothesize that a poor outcome among minorities with gynecologic cancer exists because of biological differences in tumors related to race and ethnicity; cultural, social, and psychological barriers to accessing care; less than optimal screening services and prevention strategies; and unequal provision of quality health care and tailored therapeutics. To ... |
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| Ungoverned Spaces: The Challenges of Governing Tribal Societies |
JUN 2006 |
151 pages |
| Authors:
Ty L. Groh; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| This thesis addresses the efforts of different regimes to establish their authority over the Pashtun ethnic group. The Pashtun are at the heart of the conflict in Afghanistan, which also reaches into northwestern Pakistan. They provide a current example of why "ungoverned spaces" -- geographic regions beyond the reach of central authority -- have become such an important topic among many of the world's countries. People who exist within a ... |
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| The Casamance Separatism: From Independence Claim to Resource Logic |
JUN 2006 |
|
| Authors:
Wagane Faye; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| In the 1980s, Senegalese ethnic harmony was tarnished by the emergence of the "Mouvement des Forces Democratiques de la Casamance" (MFDC). The major demand of this organization was the independence of Casamance, a southern province of Senegal. In the initial years of the movement (1980-1990), the MFDC capitalized upon the grievances of the local populations and received support from them. In the first half of the 1990s, MFDC began to ... |
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| Strategic Options for Managing Diversity in the U.S. Army |
Jun-2006 |
49 pages |
| Authors:
Anthony D Reyes; JOINT CENTER FOR POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC STUDIES INC WASHINGTON DC
|
| The United States Army is a vast organization with a global presence. One of its central sources of strength is the diversity of its workforce, which encompasses 15 million personnel across the active, reserve, civilian, and contractor components While the Army was at the forefront of racial integration in the 1950s and today is one of the most diverse organizations in the US further progress needs to be made on ... |
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| Outcomes by Ethnicity: Sentinel Lymph Node Status in Women with Breast Cancer |
APR 2006 |
16 pages |
| Authors:
Mary A. Hassett; Kelly K. Hunt; Khandan Keyomarsi; M D ANDERSON CANCER CENTER HOUSTON TX
|
| It is well known by researchers that breast cancer incidence and outcomes (disease-free survival and overall survival) vary widely in women of different racial and ethnic backgrounds. Differences in health-seeking behaviors, socioeconomic disparities, cultural influences, stage at diagnosis, estrogen receptor status, treatment, and tumor biology are all possible factors that could impact breast cancer outcomes for women of different racial and ethnic groups. What is not known is whether race ... |
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| A New KFOR: Changes for International Security in Kosovo |
15 MAR 2006 |
35 pages |
| Authors:
Rudolf Honzak; ARMY WAR COLL CARLISLE BARRACKS PA
|
| The International Community in Kosovo has taken responsibility for security and further development of the entire Kosovo province since 1999. The cause of the conflict - Kosovar Albania's struggle for final status of independence hasn't been solved yet. On the contrary economic stagnation and frustration from an uncertain future deepened animosity between Kosovar Albanians and Kosovar Serbs. "UNMIK's structure and mandate have been exposed as inappropriate to prepare Kosovo for ... |
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| Assessing the Kurdish Question: What is the Future of Kurdistan? |
06 MAR 2006 |
18 pages |
| Authors:
Mark A. Dewhurst; ARMY WAR COLL CARLISLE BARRACKS PA
|
| The Kurds, with an estimated population of 25 to 28 million people, are arguably the largest nation in the world without its own independent state. The Kurdish population spreads into four countries in an area referred to as "Kurdistan." Since the fall of Saddam Hussein's regime in April 2003, the first free elections in Iraq were held in January 2005, the Iraqi constitution was passed in a referendum in October ... |
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| Afghanistan's Constitutions: A Comparative Study and their Implications for Afghan Democratic Development |
MAR 2006 |
109 pages |
| Authors:
Zoe B. Sherman; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| Afghan constitutions have had a tendency to marginalize Afghan society. As a result, the continued ethnic fragmentation of Afghanistan has minimized the capacity of constitutions of the past to achieve societal stability. Instead, past Afghan constitutions have explicitly supported regimes rather than address the problem of the fragmentation of Afghanistan into small ethnic, linguistic, familial, and in some cases, religious, elements. While Afghanistan's current constitution accommodates the multi-ethnic pattern of ... |
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| The Islamic Republic of Eastern Turkestan and the Formation of Modern Uyghur Identity in Xinjiang |
2006 |
99 pages |
| Authors:
Joy R. Lee; KANSAS STATE UNIV MANHATTAN
|
| Lasting from 1933-1934, the Turkic-Islamic Republic of Eastern Turkestan (TIRET) was the culmination of various rebellions in Xinjiang, China. Founders of this republic, influenced by Pan-Islamism and Pan-Turkism used it to promote a Turkic-Muslim identity independent from Chinese and Soviet control and unique to the sedentary, oasis-dwellers of Xinjiang. The qualities of this political identity were formalized and given the label Uyghur in 1934. The significance of the TIRET, despite ... |
|
| Reduction of Racial Disparities in Prostate Cancer |
01 DEC 2005 |
24 pages |
| Authors:
Nicholas A. Daniels; CALIFORNIA UNIV SAN FRANCISCO
|
| To describe the prevalence of symptoms of prostatitis; their distribution by race/ethnicity, age, socioeconomic status; and their association with urinary tract infections in the Boston Area Community Health survey (BACH). Methods. A racially and ethnically diverse community-based survey of adults aged 30-79 years in Boston, Massachusetts. The BACH survey has recruited adults in three racial/ethnic groups: Latino, African American, and White using a stratified cluster sample. The target sample size ... |
|
| Ethnic Conflict in Indonesia: Causes and Recommended Measures |
DEC 2005 |
103 pages |
| Authors:
Irfan Siddiq; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| This research examines ethnic conflicts in Indonesia from 1998 to 2004 in an attempt to identify their underlying causes by using two case studies of ethnic conflict, one on Maluku Island and one in Poso, Central Sulawesi. The lessons learned that I drew from those two case studies address the questions, of why have ethnic conflicts in Indonesia taken place more frequently since 1998 and what the best strategies for ... |
|
| Taming the `Wild West' - Integrating the Federally Administered Tribal Areas of Pakistan |
DEC 2005 |
85 pages |
| Authors:
Mateen A. Mirza; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| Pakistan's tribal areas have become a refugee for Al-Qa'ida terrorists and other criminals. Criminal elements have been able to take advantage of the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) because these lands enjoy a unique legal status dating back to the British Empire. The influx of Afghan refugees following the Soviet invasion has likewise provided fertile soil for religious extremism. Religious extremists and hardliners continue to be educated, trained, and sheltered ... |
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| Ethnic and Environmental Influence on Vitamin D Requirement in Military Personnel |
OCT 2005 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
Robert P. Heaney; CREIGHTON UNIV OMAHA NE
|
| The purposes of this study are to provide quantitative estimates of 1) the effective amount of vitamin D produced in the skin as a function of skin pigmentation; and 2) the rate of utilization of vitamin D as a function of ethnicity. The outcome will be estimates of the amount of vitamin D that must be given orally to military personnel of different races and in different assigned locations so ... |
|
| Leveraging Emerging Technologies in Southern Thailand |
SEP 2005 |
155 pages |
| Authors:
Albert R. Valentine; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| Since 2001, the Kingdom of Thailand has seen a resurgence of ethnic-religious (Malay-Muslim) violence that has killed approximately 800 people, causing obvious disruption within the nation and instability in the region. Thailand is one of the United States' staunchest allies in Southeast Asia. Because of the potential for this violence to intensify further, it behooves the U.S. Government to offer solutions to help mitigate or reduce the violence in southern ... |
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Reports by Keyword(s)
*ETHNIC GROUPS
