| Underwater Detonations at the Silver Strand Training Complex: Effects on Marine Mammals |
30-Apr-2009 |
87 pages |
| Authors:
Glenn H Mitchell; Tiffini J Brookens; Stephen A Jordan; NAVAL UNDERSEA WARFARE CENTER DIV NEWPORT RI
|
 | The Commander of the U.S. Pacific Fleet is preparing an environmental impact statement (EIS) for activities at the Silver Strand Training Complex (SSTC). Training often involves the use of small explosives for various purposes, such as to disable underwater mines or defend ports. Explosions release very brief, intense sound energy with spectral characteristics spanning a wide band of frequencies. As a part of the SSTC EIS development, a quantitative analysis ... |
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| Ambient Noise Measurements in Mississippi Sound |
21 MAR 2008 |
23 pages |
| Authors:
Joal J. Newcomb; Steve Stanic; Alexandra Cranford; Delphine Vanderpool; Mobashir A. Solangi; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS
|
| During the spring, summer, and fall of 2004, underwater ambient noise measurements were conducted in the Mississippi Sound. The Naval Research Laboratory, Stennis Space Center (NRL--Stennis) and the Institute for Marine Mammal Studies (IMMS) collaborated in acquiring acoustic ambient noise data at eight (8) sites in the Mississippi Sound. The sites were chosen to represent sites of expected high anthropomorphic noise sources and a control site with few or no ... |
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| Remote Monitoring of Dolphins and Whales in the High Naval Activity Areas in Hawaiian Waters |
Jan-2008 |
4 pages |
| Authors:
Whitlow W Au; HAWAII INST OF MARINE BIOLOGY KANEOHE
|
| The axiom that knowledge is power applies directly to the problems experienced by the U.S. Navy in encountering dolphins and whales. If the Navy had more knowledge of the what, where, when and why of marine mammals in a given body of water, encounters between Naval vessels and marine mammals could be reduced or avoided all together. However, the cost of negative encounters is disproportionately high in terms of negative ... |
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| Auditory Weighting Functions and Frequency-Dependent Effects of Sound in Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops Truncatus) |
Jan-2008 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
James J Finneran; SPACE AND NAVAL WARFARE SYSTEMS CENTER PACIFIC SAN DIEGO CA
|
| The long term goal of this effort is to develop meaningful auditory weighting functions for marine mammals. These weighting functions would improve assessments of the effects of anthropogenic sound by emphasizing frequencies to which animals are most sensitive and de-emphasizing those to which they are not. The objective of this effort is to develop auditory weighting functions for bottlenose dolphins with normal hearing and high-frequency hearing loss. The weighting functions ... |
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| Investigation of Neural-Immune Profiling, Transcriptomics and Proteomics and Clinical Tools in Assessing Navy Dolphin Health |
21 DEC 2007 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Tracy Romano; MYSTIC AQUARIUM AND INST FOR EXPLORATION CT
|
| The United States Navy maintains and employs approximately 70 bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus), and 25 sea lions (Zalophus californianus). These marine mammals are deployed all over the world and are specially trained to carry out specific missions and to provide Fleet support for the U.S. Navy. Given the value of these animals to the U.S. Navy, health maintenance and disease prevention for these animals are vital to the U.S. Navy ... |
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| Marine Mammal Acoustic Monitoring and Habitat Investigation, Southern California Offshore Region |
NOV 2007 |
42 pages |
| Authors:
John Hildebrand; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA DEPT OF OCEANOGRAPHY
|
| The echolocation clicks of five dolphin species found off southern California are described and the use of clicks for species classification is investigated. Spectral and temporal properties are analyzed for the echolocation clicks from short-beaked common, long-beaked common, Risso's, Pacific white-sided and bottlenose dolphins. Two of the species exhibit unique spectral peaks and notches when the complete click is analyzed. A nested ANOVA analysis indicates that spectral peaks and notches ... |
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| Datasets of Odontocete Sounds Annotated for Developing Automatic Detection Methods |
SEP 2007 |
27 pages |
| Authors:
David K. Mellinger; OREGON STATE UNIV NEWPORT HATFIELD MARINE SCIENCE CENTER
|
| Environmental laws and public concern require that the U.S. Navy conduct operations and training such that impacts to marine mammals are minimized and any adverse impacts mitigated. To that end, it is important for the Navy to monitor the occurrence and behavior of marine mammals during research and operational activities. One method for this is passive acoustic monitoring, which has primarily been used for baleen whale vocalizations. However, baleen whales ... |
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| Ambient Noise Measurements in and Around the Gulfport Mississippi Harbor and its Potential Influence on Marine Mammals |
21 JUN 2007 |
21 pages |
| Authors:
Steve Stanic; Robert A. Brown; Edgar T. Kennedy; Dexter A. Malley; Mobashir A. Solangi; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS ACOUSTIC SIMULATION MEASUREMENTS AND TACTICS BRANCH
|
| A pilot program designed to measure ambient noise and record dolphin echolocation signatures at the entrance to the Gulfport harbor was carried out from May 2005 to July 2005. This non-invasive study used a passive acoustic monitoring system. These results showed that during the month of May, dolphin echo ranging clicks were easily identified by their broadband spectra and in many cases correlated with visual observations of dolphin activity in ... |
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| Assessing the Potential for Nitrogen Bubble Formation in Diving Odontocetes |
Jan-2007 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
Dorian S Houser; SPACE AND NAVAL WARFARE SYSTEMS CENTER SAN DIEGO CA
|
| The goal of assessing whether nitrogen (N2) bubble formation occurs in repetitively diving odontocetes is to address hypotheses related to the stranding of beaked whale species coincident with naval sonar activities. Specifically, data will be acquired that will either support or refute the conjecture that the accumulation of N2 and subsequent formation of N2bubbles is a causative mechanism of beaked whale strandings. The objective of this study are to: 1) ... |
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| Auditory Evoked Potentials for the Evaluation of Hearing Sensitivity in Navy Dolphins. Assessment of Hearing Sensitivity in Adult Male Elephant Seals |
DEC 2006 |
52 pages |
| Authors:
Dorian S. Houser; BIOMIMETICA SANTEE CA
|
| A custom auditory evoked potential (AEP) system was used to assess the feasibility of rapidly testing the hearing of bottlenose dolphins by tracking the magnitude of the envelope following response (EFR). Tests were conducted in-air (N=4) and on submerged dolphins (N=3) for which behavioral audiograms had been obtained in San Diego Bay or a quiet above ground pool. For in-air AEP measurements, differences between AEP and pool behavioral thresholds increased ... |
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| Approaches for Assessing the Presence and Impact of Thyroid Hormone Disrupting Chemicals in Delphinid Cetaceans |
SEP 2006 |
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| Authors:
Eric W. Montie; WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION MA
|
 | Cetacean blubber is a primary site for lipid storage, which the animal utilizes during periods of energetic stress. It is important to understand how the blubber responds to factors such as ontogeny, water temperature, reproductive status, and nutritional state because blubber is also the primary bioaccumulation site for persistent organic pollutants (POPs) such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). During periods of lipid mobilization such as lactation, PCBs from the blubber are ... |
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| Bispectral Index Monitoring of Unihemispheric Effects in Dolphins |
26 MAY 2006 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Red S. Howard; James J. Finneran; Sam H. Ridgway; NAVAL MEDICAL CENTER SAN DIEGO CA
|
| When dolphins sleep, their electroencephalographic activity may change in only one cerebral hemisphere; i.e., the left and right brain hemispheres can take turns sleeping. We demonstrate that the bispectral index (BIS) monitor can detect interhemispheric asymmetry in the dolphin species Tursiops truncatus. Using two BIS sensors place simultaneously over each side of the dolphin's head, we often, but not always, found significant differences between the two BIS values (e.g., left ... |
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| Continued Investigation of Immune Competence in Navy Marine Mammals: Implications for Health Viability and Mission Readiness |
JAN 2006 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
Tracy Romano; MYSTIC AQUARIUM AND INST FOR EXPLORATION CT
|
| Deployed Navy dolphins are exposed to infectious agents and pollutants in environments that may compromise their health and system mission. Challenges dolphins experience during deployments include: transport to different time zones, changes in water temperature, contaminated water, varying acoustic levels, and exposure to wild marine mammal populations. These challenges (confinement/restraint, thermal stress, pollutants, and auditory stress) have been shown to cause immunosuppression in other manuals. Our laboratory has developed and ... |
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| Wavelet Analysis of Bioacoustic Scattering and Marine Mammal Vocalizations |
SEP 2005 |
115 pages |
| Authors:
Elizabeth M. Scheidecker; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA DEPT OF OCEANOGRAPHY
|
| Wavelets have been used in numerous geophysical studies but few have examined their applicability to underwater acoustic signals. Wavelet transforms can remove noise from a given time series and allow data analysis at multiple levels of resolution. This unique ability is exercised as a feasible application to the signals in this thesis: a reflected scattered signal from a swimbladder-bearing fish, alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus), and several Odontocetes vocalizations. Both studies reveal ... |
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| Malignant Seminoma With Metastasis, Sertoli Cell Tumor, and Pheochromocytoma in a Spotted Dolphin (Stenella frontalis) and Malignant Seminoma With Metastasis in a Bottlenose Dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) |
2005 |
4 pages |
| Authors:
J. S. Estep; R. E. Baumgartner; F. Townsend; D. A. Pabst; W. A. MClellan; A. Friedlaender; D. G. Dunn; T. P. Lipscomb; ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INST OF CHEMICAL DEFENSE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| Seminoma with metastasis was diagnosed in a spotted dolphin (Steneila frontalis) and an Atlantic bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus). Sertoli cell tumor and pheochromocytoma were also diagnosed in the spotted dolphin. The spotted and bottlenose dolphins were adult males that stranded and died on the coasts of northwest Florida and southeast North Carolina, respectively. Neoplasia is infrequently reported in cetaceans. This is the first report of seminoma, Sertoli cell tumor, and ... |
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| A Functional Genomics Approach to Understanding and Evaluating Health in Navy Dolphins |
01 AUG 2004 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
Tracy A. Romano; Gregory Warr; MEDICAL UNIV OF SOUTH CAROLINA CHARLESTON
|
| The U.S. Navy maintains and deploys approximately 70 bottlenose dolphins for military operations and research. Health maintenance of these animals is critical to the success of the Navy's mission. Functional genomic approaches offer the potential to complement traditional methods of health assessment with rapid, sensitive and highly discriminative tests for health, infection, and exposure to chemical, biological and physical stress. To this end we have initialized development of a dolphin ... |
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| Effects of Intense Pure Tones on the Behavior of Trained Odontocetes |
FEB 2004 |
22 pages |
| Authors:
J. J. Finneran; C. E. Schlundt; SPACE AND NAVAL WARFARE SYSTEMS CENTER SAN DIEGO CA
|
| This report presents behavioral responses of dolphins and white whales exposed to 1-s tones. The U.S. Office of Naval Research (ONR) and Chief of Naval Operations (CNO) (N45) have sponsored research programs to investigate the auditory effects of high intensity sounds on marine mammals. In addition to auditory effects, these studies reported behavioral reactions as the subjects were exposed to sounds of increasing intensity. The most common reactions were attempts ... |
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| Application of the Biosonar Measurement Tool (BMT) and Instrumented Mine Simulators (IMS) to Exploration of Dolphin Echolocation During Free-Swimming, Bottom-Object Searches |
01-Sep-2003 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
Stephen Martin; Michael Phillips; Eric Bauer; Patrick Moore; Dorian S Houser; SPACE AND NAVAL WARFARE SYSTEMS CENTER PACIFIC SAN DIEGO CA
|
| Bio-inspired signal processing is based on an understanding of an organism's strategy for task completion using a particular sensory modality and the physiological mechanisms underlying the processing of sensory-acquired information. Dolphins possess a biological sonar system that is highly effective at submerged object detection and identification, is operational in open water to very shallow water (VSW) zones, and is capable of finding buried targets. Due to the ability of the ... |
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| Signal Processing Applied to the Dolphin-Based Sonar System |
01-Sep-2003 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Dorian Houser; Steve Martin; Mike Pillips; Eric Bauer; Tim Herrin; Patrick Moore; BIOMIMETICA SANTEE CA
|
| The bottlenose dolphin has evolved a unique system of biosonar, or echolocation, that allows it to exploit a visually limited littoral niche. The effectiveness of dolphin echolocation at finding and identifying submerged objects is unsurpassed by man-made hardware systems built for similar tasks. It has become a model system from which to draw hardware and signal processing design concepts and is the basis for the development of biomimetic mine-hunting systems ... |
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| The Optimization of a Dual Foil Flapping Device |
SEP 2003 |
72 pages |
| Authors:
Craigh J. Paganucci; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| Aquatic animals, such as dolphins and tuna, have the ability to swim and maneuver at much greater capacity than any man-made device. If their propulsion methods could be replicated mechanically, the benefits to underwater propulsion would be great. A dual foil pitching-plunging device is used to replicate the basic swimming motion of a dolphin. Numerical simulations are used to predict the behavior of a single foil configuration and its wake. ... |
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| Whistle Use and Whistle Sharing by Allied Male Bottlenose Dolphins, Tursiops Truncatus |
SEP 2003 |
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| Authors:
Stephanie L. Watwood; MASSACHUSETTS INST OF TECH CAMBRIDGE
|
| Bottlenose dolphins, especially adult males, share several characteristics with terrestrial species that produce group-distinctive vocalizations. Males are long-lived, often reaching their early forties. In Sarasota Bay, Florida, pairs of males form close associations that develop over a period of years and usually last the lifetime of the individuals. The goal of this thesis was to determine the effect of the formation of these alliances on the whistles of male dolphins. ... |
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| Cytochrome P450 1A1 and Aromatase (CYP19) in Cetaceans: Enzyme Expression and Relationship to Contaminant Exposure |
SEP 2003 |
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| Authors:
Joanna Y. Wilson; WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION MA
|
| Contaminant exposure has been associated with toxicity in cetaceans. Early biochemical responses prior to, but associated with, contaminant-induced toxicity will aid in understanding the susceptibility of cetaceans to contaminants. Cytochrome P45O lAl (CYPlAl) induction by certain polychiorinated biphenyls (PCBs) has been correlated with toxicity in rodents. CYPlAl expression was measured in organs from beluga whales and white-sided dolphins and integument biopsies from bottlenose dolphins. Age and sex do not influence ... |
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| Multiecho Processing by an Echolocating Dolphin |
AUG 2003 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
Richard A. Altes; Lois A. Dankiewicz; Patrick W. Moore; David A. Helweg; CHIRP CORP LA JOLLA CA
|
| Bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) use short, wideband pulses for echolocation. Individual waveforms have high-range resolution capability but are relatively insensitive to range rate. Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is not greatly improved by pulse compression because each waveform has small time-bandwidth product. The dolphin, however, often uses many pulses to interrogate a target, and could use multipulse processing to combine the resulting echoes. Multipulse processing could mitigate the small SNR improvement from ... |
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| Discrimination of Complex Synthetic Echoes by an Echolocating Bottlenose Dolphin |
FEB 2003 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
David A. Helweg; Patrick W. Moore; Randall L. Brill; Lois A. Dankiewicz; Justine M. Zafran; SPACE AND NAVAL WARFARE SYSTEMS CENTER SAN DIEGO CA
|
| Bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) detect and discriminate underwater objects by interrogating the environment with their native echolocation capabilities. Study of dolphins' ability to detect complex (multihighlight) signals in noise suggest echolocation object detection using an approximate 265-microseconds energy integration time window sensitive to the echo region of highest energy or containing the highlight with highest energy. Backscatter from many real objects contains multiple highlights, distributed over multiple integration windows and ... |
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| Stabilization Mechanism in Swimming Odontocete Cetaceans by Phased Movements |
25 NOV 2002 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
Jim J. Rohr; F. E. Fish; J. E. Peacock; SPACE AND NAVAL WARFARE SYSTEMS CENTER SAN DIEGO CA
|
| Propulsive movements of the caudal oscillating flukes produce large forces that could induce equally large recoil forces at the cranial end of the animal, and, thus, affect stability. To examine these vertical oscillations, video analysis was used to measure the motions of the rostrum, pectoral flipper, caudal peduncle, and fluke tip for seven odontocete cetaceans: Delphinapterus leucas, Globicephala melaena, Lagenorhynchus obliquidens, Orcinnus orca, Pseudorca crassidens, Stenella plagiodon, and Tursiops truncatus. ... |
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| Relating Behavioral Context to Acoustic Parameters of Bottlenose Dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) Vocalizations |
SEP 2002 |
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| Authors:
Rebecca E. Thomas; MASSACHUSETTS INST OF TECH CAMBRIDGE
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| This thesis presents methods to analyze the function of vocalizations of the bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus. It uses the social interaction as the basic unit of analysis, and maintains a deliberate focus on quantitative and replicable analyses throughout. A method for determining identities of vocalizing animals in a lagoon was developed. This method combined passive acoustic localization with video sampling to determine which animal vocalized in a captive lagoon. It ... |
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| Transmitting Beam Patterns of the Atlantic Bottlenose Dolphin (Tursiops Truncatus) : Investigations in the Existence and Use of High Frequency Components Found in Echolocation Signals |
JUN 2002 |
148 pages |
| Authors:
Tobias J. Lemerande; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| In January 2002, time synchronized underwater pictures and echolocation signals of a free-swimming bottlenose dolphin were recorded. More than 80 experimental trial runs were recorded at the Space and Naval Warfare Center's Marine Mammal Facility in San Diego, California. The apparatus recorded 30 underwater images per second and sonar signals up to 400 kHz. Data analysis shows wide transmitting beam patterns at frequencies lower than 135 kHz contain a majority ... |
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| Use of Quadratic Time-Frequency Representations to Analyze Cetacean Mammal Sounds |
20 DEC 2001 |
129 pages |
| Authors:
Antonia Papandreou-Suppappola; Lynn T. Antonelli; NAVAL UNDERSEA WARFARE CENTER NEWPORT DIV RI
|
| The research presented in this report outlines the time-frequency characterization of mammalian click and whistle sounds. Analysis of the group delay structure of the mammalian vocal communication signals was matched to the appropriate quadratic time-frequency class for proper signal processing with minimal skewing of the results. The presented material includes a discussion of the recorded mammalian data recordings from the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, and a mathematical introduction into quadratic ... |
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| Investigating the Dolphin's Peripheral Hearing System: Acoustic Sensitivity About the Head and Lower Jaw |
AUG 2001 |
21 pages |
| Authors:
R. L. Brill; P. W. Moore; D. A. Helweg; L. A. Danklewkz; SPACE AND NAVAL WARFARE SYSTEMS CENTER SAN DIEGO CA
|
| For this report, jawphones were used to behaviorally measure the relative hearing thresholds at four frequencies (10, 30, 60, and 90 kHz) on more than 40 sites of a dolphin's head, from the tip of the rostrum to the base of the pectoral fins. Measurements were converted into iso-sensitivity curves projected onto a two-dimensional, heuristic representation of the head area investigated. The results suggest high-frequency sensitivity along the lower jaw ... |
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| Ear Adaptations in Deep Divers |
22 SEP 2000 |
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| Authors:
Darlene R. Ketten; WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION MA
|
| Because of concerns for anthropogenic acoustic impacts in the oceans, much of the focus of the ONR marine program has been on expanding our knowledge of hearing in marine mammals and particularly understanding hearing in species likely to be low frequency sensitive. For practical reasons, most marine mammal hearing research is on audiometry for captive odontocetes and pinnipeds and on playback responses and modeling of hearing ... |
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| High Frequency Sonar Components of Normal and Hearing Impaired Dolphins |
SEP 2000 |
85 pages |
| Authors:
David C. Dye; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| A data acquisition device was constructed and tested to obtain toothed whale (Bottlenose Dolphin and Beluga Whale) sonar signals and digitally store them to a PC hard drive. The device had the capability of capturing sonar signals by means of a two-hydrophone array, and a digital video camera in a submersible housing. Cooperation with marine biologists at SSC San Diego enabled the sampling of three animals ... |
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| Creation of Dolphin-Like Spectrum Filters Through the Use of Evolutionary Programming |
SEP 2000 |
31 pages |
| Authors:
D. A. Helweg; D. S. Houser; P. W. Moore; SPACE AND NAVAL WARFARE SYSTEMS CENTER SAN DIEGO CA
|
| A type of self-optimizing computer algorithm, called evolutionary programming, was used to create a number of models of the dolphin ear. The models consisted of a series of overlapping bandpass filters that varied in sensitivity and bandpass region and were distributed across the range of dolphin hearing. The evolutionary program iteratively varied the shape, number, and distribution of filters in each model and optimized the acoustic ... |
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| Advances in the Study of Echolocation in Bats and Dolphins |
23 NOV 1999 |
16 pages |
| Authors:
Jeanette A. Thomas; WESTERN ILLINOIS UNIV MACOMB
|
| The grant supported the costs of coordinating and editing a book entitled Echolocation in Bats and Dolphins. The contents stemmed from an ONR workshop on Biological Sonars held in Portugal during 1998. The book contains sections on: Echolocation Signal Production, Feedback and Control Systems, Auditory Systems in Echolocating Mammals, Performance and Cognition in Echolocating Mammals, Ecological and Evolutionary Aspects of Echolocating Mammals, Echolocation Theory, ... |
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| Review of Dolphin Hydrodynamics and Swimming Performance |
AUG 1999 |
187 pages |
| Authors:
F. E. Fish; J. J. Rohr; SPACE AND NAVAL WARFARE SYSTEMS COMMANDSAN DIEGO CA
|
| The principal objective of this project was to preform a comprehensive review of performance, kinematics, and swimming hydrodynamics by dolphins and other cetaceans. This report describes information obtained from the available literature including published research and technical reports from English-speaking and Russian sources. The project team specifically studied routine and maximum swimming speeds, morphological design related to hydrodynamic performance, drag reduction, swimming kinematics, thrust production and efficiency, behavior strategies employed ... |
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| Techniques for Studying Vocal Learning in Bottlenose Dolphins, Tursiops truncatus |
FEB 1999 |
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| Authors:
Deborah R. Fripp; MASSACHUSETTS INST OF TECH CAMBRIDGE
|
| The objective of this thesis is to develop the methods necessary for evaluating the role of learning in dolphins' natural whistle development. Bottlenose dolphins provide a unique opportunity to study social influences on vocal learning in a highly social non-human mammal. Vocal learning is critical for human language development but plays a smaller role in most non-human mammals. The methods currently used to study dolphin behavior are insufficient to evaluate ... |
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| Accelerated Minority Institution Low Frequency Odontocete Hearing |
16 DEC 1998 |
4 pages |
| Authors:
George S. Losey; Paul E. Nachtigall; HAWAII INST OF MARINE BIOLOGY HONOLULU
|
| We have tested the hearing of bottlenose dolphins, Risso's dolphins, and False killer whales using both the behavioral techniques and the envelope following response evoked auditory potential procedure. We have found a very good correlation between the two procedures. We have attempted to use the otoacoustic emissions technique to examine dolphin hearing but found that it was necessary to further define the sound path to the odontocele ear. Using a ... |
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| High Frequency Components in Bottlenose Dolphin Echolocation Signals |
SEP 1998 |
71 pages |
| Authors:
Ronald W. Toland Jr; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
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| The research described in this thesis is a continuation of work started by the Applied Research Laboratories of the University of Texas at Austin into the analysis of biosonar signals. Experiments conducted in 1997 on two species of small toothed whales found these species to emit significant high frequency signal components, extending to as high as 400 to 500 kHz. To assess the importance of these ... |
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| Investigation of Immnune Function in Naval Marine Mammals |
01 JUN 1998 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
Tracy A. Romano; TEXAS A AND M UNIV COLLEGE STATION DEPT OF VETERINARY ANATOMY
|
| Tremendous progress has been made over the past year in the development of cetacean-specific reagents to investigate immune function in Navy marine mammals. We have focused most of our efforts in studying and developing molecular reagents and antibodies to cD4, a cell surface recognition molecule present on T helper lymphocyte that is critical for the immune response. Previously, we cloned cetacean cD4 from a beluga cDNA library using the polymerase ... |
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| Observations of Dolphin Swimming Speed and Strouhal Number |
APR 1998 |
56 pages |
| Authors:
J. J. Rohr; E. W. Hendricks; L. Quiqley; F. E. Fish; J. W. Gilpatrick; SPACE AND NAVAL WARFARE SYSTEMS CENTER SAN DIEGO CA
|
| The objective of this study was to record maximum dolphin swimming speeds sustainable for several seconds with free-ranging and captive dolphins utilizing different motivational strategies. Recordings were used to determine relationships between the various kinematic parameters, particularly the Strouhal number, which characterizes dolphin swimming motion. Comparisons are made, where possible, with results from previous studies. |
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| Tomographic Image Reconstruction of MCM Targets Using Synthetic Dolphin Signals |
JAN 98 |
25 pages |
| Authors:
R. A. Altes; P. W. Moore; D. A. Helweg; CHIRP CORP LA JOLLA CA
|
| Synthetic aperture sonar/radar (SAS/SAR) imaging and back projection (BP) acoustic tomography are identical processes if echoes are appropriately filtered. This equivalence has several important implications. First, the point spread function of a BP image is equivalent to the range, cross-range ambiguity function (RCAF) of the SA system. Any process that makes the RCAF more like a two-dimensional impulse will improve image quality. The rotated wavelet transform, for example, yields an ... |
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| Real - Time Acquisition of Echolocation Signals by Wild Atlantic Spotted Dolphins |
28 NOV 1997 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
W. W. Au; D. L. Herzing; WILD DOLPHIN PROJECT JUPITER FL
|
| A technique using multi-element arrays of hydrophones with underwater video recording was developed as a tool to accurately measure echolocation signals of free-swimming dolphins. Two configurations of hydrophones, including a line array of three hydrophones spaced at 30 cm and a symmetrical star configuration of four hydrophones spaced at 45.7 cm, were used. The arrays were held by a skin diver while dolphins oriented on the arrays. Video and acoustic ... |
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| Real-Time Acquisition of Echolocation Signals by Wild Atlantic Spotted Dolphin, Stenella frontalis, Utilizing Hydrophone Arrays with Simultaneous Underwater Video |
28 NOV 97 |
27 pages |
| Authors:
W. W. Au; D. L. Herzing; WILD DOLPHIN PROJECT JUPITER FL
|
| A technique using multi-element arrays of hydrophones with underwater video recording was developed as a tool to accurately measure echolocation signals of free-swimming dolphins. Two configurations of hydrophones, including a line array of three hydrophones spaced at 30 cm and a symmetrical star configuration of four hydrophones spaced at 45.7 Cm, were used. The arrays were held by a skin diver while dolphins oriented on the arrays. Video and acoustic ... |
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| Sediment Penetration of Underwater Mammalian Sonar Signals |
10 SEP 97 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
Nicholas P. Chotiros; TEXAS UNIV AT AUSTIN APPLIED RESEARCH LABS
|
| The adopted approach for characterization of buried target detection by underwater mammalian sonars, as represented by the sonar of tursiops truncatus has three components: (1) direct measurement and analysis of acoustic signals incident on buried targets; (2) construction of acoustic penetration and target scattering model; and (3) deduction of detection and classification methods through reproduction of target insonification processes. It has been two years since the start of the project, ... |
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| The Dolphin Didactic Database System (DODDS) |
SEP 1997 |
132 pages |
| Authors:
Michael L. Dodds; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| The Naval Command, Control and Ocean Surveillance Center (NCCOSC) research, Development, Test and Evaluation Division (NRaD) Marine Mammal Research Programs are conducted by the Marine Mammal Research & Development Branch (D351). Progeny is a project, under D331, that trains Atlantic Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops Truncatus). Progeny was designed to explore the standardization of training, husbandry, and record keeping techniques that contribute to preparing, operating, and maintaining dolphins for Fleet systems. Presently, ... |
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| Physiology of Freely Diving White Whales, Delphinapteras Laucas |
31 JUL 1997 |
4 pages |
| Authors:
Daniel P. Costa; CALIFORNIA UNIV SANTA CRUZ
|
| The performance of trained white whales was assessed during swimming and diving trials. During diving sessions, the whales made repetitive dives to a test platform that was suspended from a boat to depths up to 300 meters. In all studies blood samples were measured for changes in Po(sub 2), Pco(sub 2), pH, hematocrit (Hct), and plasma lactate and glucose concentrations. Respiratory frequency increased with increasing dive time. Aerobic dives are ... |
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| Behavioral Responses and Temporary Shift in Masked Hearing Threshold of Bottlenose Dolphins, Tursiops truncatus, to 1-second Tones of 141 to 201 dB re 1 Micron Pa |
JUL 1997 |
37 pages |
| Authors:
Sam H. Ridgway; Donald A. Carter; Robert R. Smith; Tricia Kamolnick; Carolyn E. Schlundt; NAVAL COMMAND CONTROL AND OCEAN SURVEILLANCE CENTER RDT AND E DIV SAN DIEGO CA
|
| The Navy is concerned that acoustic energy emissions from various products may interfere with marine mammals. Proposed federal regulations under the Marine Mammal Protection Act discuss temporary threshold shift (TTS) as a means of evaluating impacts of those emissions. Existing Navy methods published in the Journal of the Acoustical Society of America were applied to investigate TTS in the hearing sensitivity of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus). Changes in the dolphins' ... |
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| Functional Design of Dolphin Blubber |
SEP 96 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
D. A. Pabst; NORTH CAROLINA UNIV AT WILMINGTON DEPT OF BIOLOGY
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| The dolphin and its environment is sculpted by blubber - a complex, structural biomaterial. I have investigated the functional design of blubber by (1) measuring its 3-D architecture and its physical connections to other locomotor tissues, and (2) testing its dynamic biaxial stress/strain behavior. Blubber can be biomechanically modeled as an adipose hydrostat: thorax blubber is designed to maximize body volume and tailstock blubber is designed to resist torsion and ... |
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| A Systematic Approach to Measuring the Social Behavior of Bottlenose Dolphins |
SEP 96 |
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| Authors:
Amy Samuels; WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION MA
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| Research on cetacean social behavior is in transition from descriptive natural history to quantitative analyses. To expedite this change, an intellectual history of the field is provided, from the early whaler- naturalists to oceanarium observations, whale carcass studies, pseud-scientific inquiries into human-dolphin communication, and longterm field studies. Subsequent chapters illustrate use of systematic methodologies to better understand bottlenose dolphin social relations. Samuels and Gifford adapted a quantitative technique from primate ... |
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| Biochemical Indices of High Pressure Tolerance in Marine Mammals |
13 MAY 96 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
Michael A. Castellini; ALASKA UNIV FAIRBANKS INST OF MARINE SCIENCE
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| The metabolic effects associated with the dramatic and repeated hydrostatic pressure changes faced by marine mammals are unknown. By measuring glucose utilization and lactate production, the effect of 2000 psi of pressure on glycolysis in red blood cells was compared among marine and terrestrial mammals. The effect of pressure on the kinetics of lactate dehydrogenase in cardiac tissue of marine and terrestrial mammals was also evaluated. Pressure affected LDH kinetics ... |
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| An Inexpensive Portable Pool System Useful for Temporary Housing, Medical Isolation, and Rehabilitation of Marine Mammals |
MAR 96 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
S. F. Shippee; R. W. Hall; J. R. Larson; D. Miller; NAVAL COMMAND CONTROL AND OCEAN SURVEILLANCE CENTER RDT AND E DIV SAN DIEGO CA
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| The Navy's marine mammal program has explored a variety of designs for portable self-contained marine mammal pools to support maintaining animals during system deployments. As a consequence, a simplified concept for an easily transported pool and filtration system has been developed. NRaD's efforts in designing, operating, and testing these pools have to date proven their suitability for maintaining bottlenose dolphins without incident for periods of over two weeks. The design ... |
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Reports by Keyword(s)
*DOLPHINS_MAMMALS_
