| Separation of Depleted Uranium From Soil |
Mar-2009 |
197 pages |
| Authors:
Steven Larson; Victor Medina; John Ballard; Michelle Thompson; Greg O'Connor; Chris Griggs; Catherine Nestler; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS ENVIRONMENTAL LAB
|
 | Dry and wet physical separation processes were tested at Yuma Proving Ground to remove depleted uranium (DU) from soil. Four sample locations were tested that had varied uranium concentration, weathering, and aging of fired, DU residues. Reduction of soil DU concentration was achieved using simple vibratory or agitated screening techniques. For soils into which the DU had been recently fired, these techniques were successful at removing a large fraction (70 ... |
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| Novel Pharmacological Approaches for Treatment of Neurotoxicity Induced by Chronic Exposure to Depleted Uranium |
Sep-2008 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Stephen M Lasley; ILLINOIS UNIV AT CHICAGO
|
| The chemical properties and high density of depleted uranium (DU) render the metal well suited for military purposes, but knowledge of DU neurotoxicity and its treatment is lacking. This project is designed to test the hypothesis that long-term administration of a free radical trapping agent and/or an NMDA receptor antagonist will reduce neurotoxicity resulting from chronic exposure to DU. This hypothesis is consistent with previous observations ensuing from chronic intramuscular ... |
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| The Occupational Role of Women in Military Service: Validation of Occupation and Prevalence of Exposures in the Millennium Cohort Study |
Aug-2007 |
17 pages |
| Authors:
Tyler C Smith; Isabel G Jacobson; Besa Smith; Tomoko I Hooper; Margaret A Ryan; NAVAL HEALTH RESEARCH CENTER SAN DIEGO CA
|
| To better understand the US military's global peacekeeping and combat operations, which may expose a growing population of American service women to challenging occupations and environments. Concordance between self-reported and electronic occupation codes for female participants in the Millennium Cohort was measured using kappa statistics. Multivariable logistic regression modeling was used to assess the odds of five self-reported potentially toxic environmental exposures or disturbing experiences among different occupational categories, while ... |
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| Carcinogenicity of Embedded Tungsten Alloys in Mice |
MAR 2007 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
David E. McClain; HENRY M JACKSON FOUNDATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF MILITARY MEDICINE ROCKVILLE MD
|
| A variety of tungsten alloys and other unusual metals have begun to enter U.S. military arsenals as substitutes for depleted uranium (DU) in munitions. There are questions about the health effects of exposure to the tungsten alloys that are similar to those originally surrounding DU especially for embedded shrapnel exposures. The Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute (AFRRI) recently performed research that showed one of the militarily promising tungsten alloys to ... |
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| Multifactorial Assessment of Depleted Uranium Neurotoxicity |
DEC 2006 |
121 pages |
| Authors:
Bernard S. Jortner; VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INST BLACKSBURG
|
| THIS WAS A 5-YEAR PROJECT TO EXPERIMENTALLY ASSESS THE NEUROTOXICOLOGIC POTENTIAL OF EXPOSURE TO DEPLETED URANIUM (DU), AND THE ROLE OF STRESS IN ALTERING THE TOXICITY. THE PROJECT INVOLVED DETERMINATION OF THE TOXICOKINETICS OF DU IN THE BRAIN, DEVELOPMENT OF A RELEVANT STRESS MODEL, AND STUDY OF NEUROTOXIC EFFFECTS OF A SINGLE (ACUTE) EXPOSURE TO SOLUBLE DU AND TO LONG-TERM EXPOSURE TO IMPLANTED PELLETED DU, AND THEIR MODIFICATION BY STRESS. ... |
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| Carcinogenicity and Immunotoxicity of Embedded Depleted Uranium and Heavy-Metal Tungsten Alloy in Rodents |
OCT 2006 |
73 pages |
| Authors:
John F. Kalinich; Alexandra C. Miller; David E. McClain; HENRY M JACKSON FOUNDATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF MILITARY MEDICINE ROCKVILLE MD
|
| This study investigated the carcinogenic and immunotoxic potential of embedded fragments of depleted uranium (DU) and a heavy-metal tungsten alloy (WA) consisting of tungsten, nickel, and cobalt. Male Fisher 344 rats were surgically implanted with pellets of DU, WA, tantalum (inert metal, negative control), or nickel (known carcinogen, positive control). Implanted WA resulted in the rapid formation of tumors, identified as rhabdomyosarcomas, surrounding the pellets. These tumors had, within the ... |
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| Carcinogenicity and Immunotoxicity of Embedded Depleted Uranium and Heavy-Metal Tungsten Alloy in Rodents |
OCT 2006 |
159 pages |
| Authors:
John F. Kalinich; Alexandra C. Miller; David E. McClain; HENRY M JACKSON FOUNDATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF MILITARY MEDICINE ROCKVILLE MD
|
| This study investigated the carcinogenic and immunotoxic potential of embedded fragments of depleted uranium (DU) and a heavy-metal tungsten alloy (WA) consisting of tungsten, nickel, and cobalt. Male Fisher 344 rats were surgically implanted with pellets of DU, WA, tantalum (inert metal, negative control), or nickel (known carcinogen, positive control). Implanted WA resulted in the rapid formation of tumors, identified as rhabdomyosarcomas, surrounding the pellets. These tumors had, within the ... |
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| Neurotoxicity From Chronic Exposure to Depleted Uranium |
APR 2006 |
19 pages |
| Authors:
Stephen M. Lasley; ILLINOIS UNIV AT CHICAGO
|
| This project is designed to test the hypothesis that chronic exposure to depleted uranium (DU) impairs neuronal processes underlying cognitive function via alterations induced at hippocampal glutamatergic synapses. Evidence has been uncovered that suggests a direct effect of uranium to diminish stimulated hippocampal glutamate release which may account for the reported decrease in neuronal excitability (3). However other findings indicate that long-term DU exposure may also inhibit glial glutamate and ... |
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| Preconceptional Paternal Exposure to Embedded Depleted Uranium Fragments: Transmission of Genetic Damage to Offspring |
01 JAN 2006 |
26 pages |
| Authors:
Alexandra C. Miller; HENRY M JACKSON FOUNDATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF MILITARY MEDICINE ROCKVILLE MD
|
| The Persian Gulf War resulted in friendly fire casualties among U.S. personnel injured by fragments of depleted uranium (DU) munitions. The demonstrated effectiveness of such weapons makes it likely that they may be used against U.S. forces in future conflicts. Uncertainty about how aggressively to remove fragments of the radioactive, chemically toxic DU has stimulated research into the long-term health consequences of embedded DU fragments. There has been no previous ... |
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| Inhalation of Uranium Oxide Aerosois: CNS Deposition, Neurotoxicity, and Role in Gulf War Illness |
OCT 2005 |
46 pages |
| Authors:
Johnnye L. Lewis; Graham Bench; Fletcher F. Hahn; NEW MEXICO UNIV ALBUQUERQUE
|
| This study investigates the potential for inhaled uranium oxide (UO) aerosols to penetrate the nose-brain barrier, directly enter the central nervous system (CNS), distribute within the CNS, and result in slowly developing neurotoxicity. Inhalation exposures to depleted uranium (DU) may have occurred during the GW in several scenarios of varying duration and airborne uranium concentration. Nasal inflammation could alter sensitivity to uranium uptake. Nephrotoxic and pulmonary effects are evaluated to ... |
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| Carcinogenicity and Immunotoxicity of Embedded Depleted Uranium and Heavy-Metal Tungsten Alloy in Rodents |
OCT 2005 |
34 pages |
| Authors:
John F. Kalinich; Alexandra C. Miller; David E. McClain; HENRY M JACKSON FOUNDATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF MILITARY MEDICINE ROCKVILLE MD
|
| This study investigates the carcinogenic and immunotoxic potential of embedded fragments of depleted uranium (DU) and a heavy-metal tungsten alloy (WA). Male Fisher 344 rats were surgically implanted with pellets of DU, WA, tantalum (inert metal, negative control), or nickel (known carcinogen, positive control). We previously reported that implanted WA resulted in the rapid formation of tumors, identified as rhabdomyosarcomas, surrounding the pellets. In Year 4 we found that these ... |
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| Blood-Brain Barrier Transport of Uranium |
SEP 2005 |
42 pages |
| Authors:
Michael Aschner; VANDERBILT UNIV MEDICAL CENTER NASHVILLE TN
|
| Recent studies of Gulf War veterans with depleted uranium (DU) embedded fragments in their soft tissues point to DU-induced effects on neurobehavioral and cognitive function. These observations are corroborated by electrophysiological changes in hippocampal slices isolated from rats embedded with DU fragments. Notably, studies from the same group also suggest, for the first time, that uranium accumulates within brain tissue. It is presently unknown how uranium is transported into the ... |
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| Characterization of the Reproductive Toxicity of Depleted Uranium |
JUN 2005 |
155 pages |
| Authors:
Kenneth R. Still; Darryl P. Arfsten; NAVAL HEALTH RESEARCH CENTER (DET) WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH EFFECTS LAB
|
| The purpose of the proposed work is to determine the reproductive and developmental toxicity of depleted uranium (DU) ore in Sprague-Dawly rats. DU-tipped munitions have become common-place on the modern battlefield and recent experience has shown that minor injuries associated with DU munitions are becoming more common. Four hundred ninety-eight adult (P1) SD rats were implanted with up to 20, 1x2mm DU pellets and mated at 30 and 120 days ... |
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| Neurotoxicity From Chronic Exposure to Depleted Utanium |
APR 2005 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
Stephen M. Lasley; ILLINOIS UNIV AT CHICAGO
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| This project is designed to test the hypothesis that chronic exposure to depleted uranium (DU) impairs neuronal processes underlying cognitive function via alterations induced at hippocampal glutamatergic synapses As prescribed by the Statement of Work, efforts in year 3 concerned achievement of substantial progress on Technical Objective 2 (defining 0 integrity of hippocampal glutamate release) and initiating Technical Objective 3 (identifying changes in glutamate receptor subtypes). Acute exposure to U ... |
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| Status of Health Concerns about Military Use of Depleted Uranium and Surrogate Metals in Armor-Penetrating Munitions |
2005 |
21 pages |
| Authors:
D. E. McClain; A. C. Miller; J. F. Kalinich; ARMED FORCES RADIOBIOLOGY RESEARCH INSTBETHESDA MD
|
| The use of depleted uranium in armor-penetrating munitions remains a source of controversy because of the numerous unanswered questions about its long-term health effects. Although there are no conclusive epidemiological data correlating depleted uranium exposure to specific health effects, studies using cultured cells and laboratory rodents continue to suggest the possibility of genetic, reproductive, and neurological effects from chronic exposure. Until issues of concern are resolved with further research, the ... |
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| Radiation- and Depleted Uranium-Induced Carcinogenesis Studies: Characterization of the Carcinogenic Process and Development of Medical Countermeasures |
2005 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
A. C. Miller; D. Beltran; R. Rivas; M. Stewart; R. J. Merlot; P. B. Lison; ARMED FORCES RADIOBIOLOGY RESEARCH INSTBETHESDA MD
|
| External or internal contamination from radioactive elements during military operations or a terrorist attack is a serious threat to military and civilian populations. External radiation exposure could result from conventional military scenarios including nuclear weapons use and low-dose exposures during radiation accidents or terrorist attacks. Alternatively, internal radiation exposure could result from depleted uranium exposure via DU shrapnel wounds or inhalation. The long-term health effects of these types of radiation ... |
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| Effects of Organic Matter on the Specification of Uranium in Soil and Plant Matrices |
DEC 2004 |
3 pages |
| Authors:
A. J. Bednar; V. F. Medina; S. L. Larson; D. S. Ulmer-Scholle; B. A. Frey; J. G. Morgan; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS
|
| Radionuclides are known to complex with organic matter, which can promote mobility in soil environments. This work focuses on interactions of depleted uranium with organic compounds using HPLC-ICP-MS to identify organouranium species in soil and plant materials. Nearly all of the uranium extracted from certain plant tissues is bound to organic ligands. These experiments suggest organic compounds may be a significant influence on the chemistry of uranium in the environment. ... |
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| Multifactorial Assessment of Depleted Uranium Neurotoxicity |
OCT 2004 |
100 pages |
| Authors:
Bernard Jortner; VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INST AND STATE UNIV BLACKSBURG
|
| This is a four-year study on the neurotoxic potential of depleted uranium (DU) in laboratory rats. Previous studies with Gulf War veterans and experimental animals exposed to embedded DU suggest that neurotoxicity may result from DU exposure (McDiarmid et al. 2000; Pellmar et al., 1999). The current investigation is designed to assess the neurotoxic potential of acute and chronic exposure to DU and the contribution of stress to expression of ... |
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| Inhalation of Uranium Oxide Aerosols: CNS Deposition, Neurotoxicity, and Role in Gulf War Illness |
OCT 2004 |
73 pages |
| Authors:
Johnnye L. Lewis; Graham Bench; Fletcher F. Hahn; NEW MEXICO UNIV ALBUQUERQUE HEALTH SCIENCES CENTER
|
| This study investigates the potential for inhaled uranium oxide (UO) aerosols to penetrate the nose-brain barrier, directly enter the central nervous system (ONS), distribute within the ONS, and result in slowly developing neurotoxicity. Substantial inhalation exposures to depleted uranium (DU) may have occurred during the GW in several scenarios of varying duration and airborne uranium concentration. Penetration of the nose-brain barrier can result in CNS deposition of metals even if ... |
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| Establishing Uranium Migration Parameters for the Indian Springs Range (CD-ROM) |
25 AUG 2004 |
|
| Authors:
Clinton E. Abell; NEVADA UNIV LAS VEGAS
|
 | ELECTRONIC FILE CHARACTERISTICS: 6 files; .TXT and MS Excel (.XLS). PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: 1 computer laser optical disc (CD-ROM); 4 3/4 in.; 477 KB and 1 hardcopy report. SYSTEMS DETAIL NOTE: ABSTRACT: For the past 24 years, depleted uranium (DU) kinetic energy penetrators used by the US Air Force have been tested and evaluated to develop targeting system algorithms at a site in the Mojave Desert. This two-fold study focused ... |
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| Radiological Characterization of Building 611B Depleted Uranium Firing Range Characterization |
JUN 2004 |
280 pages |
| Authors:
Thomas J. O'Dou; Joseph A. Fabiano; ARMY ARMAMENT RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT AND ENGINEERING CENTER PICATINNY ARSENAL NJ QUALITY ENGINEERING DIRECTORATE
|
| Building 611B testing facility at the Armament Research, Development and Engineering Center (ARDEC), Picatinny, New Jersey was used for firing operations and ballistics testing of small scale depleted uranium (DU/U-238) and/or staballoy kinetic energy penetrators and storage from July 1979 to October 1984. Uranium-238 and its short-lived daughters are the only radionuclides of concern. Subsequent to the approval of the Guitierrez- Palmenberg, Inc. (GPI's) drafts of a Project work plan, ... |
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| Multifactorial Assessment of Depleted Uranium Neurotoxicity |
OCT 2002 |
26 pages |
| Authors:
Bernard S. Jortner; David S. Barber; VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INST AND STATE UNIV BLACKSBURG
|
| This is a three-year study on the neurotoxic potential of depleted uranium (DU) in laboratory rats. The effect of stress on DU kinetics and toxicity will also be evaluated. Previous studies with Gulf War veterans and experimental animals exposed to embedded DU suggest that neurotoxicity may result from DU exposure (McDiarmid et al. 2000; Pellmar et al.1 1999). The current investigation is designed to assess the neurotoxic potential of acute ... |
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| Determination of Natural and Depleted Uranium in Urine at the ppt Level: An Interlaboratory Analytical Exercise |
OCT 2002 |
|
| Authors:
Paul A. D'Agostino; Edward A. Ough; Samuel E. Glover; Andrew L. Vallerand; DEFENCE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CANADAOTTAWA (ONTARIO)
|
| An analytical exercise was initiated in order to determine those analytical procedures with the capacity to measure uranium isotope ratios (238U/ 235U) in urine samples containing less that 1 micro g uranium U/L urine. A host laboratory was tasked with the preparation of six sets (12 samples per set) of synthetic urine samples spiked with varying amounts of natural and depleted (0. 2% 235U) uranium. |
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| Carcinogenicity and Immnotoxicity of Embedded Depleted Uranium and Heavy-Metal Tungsten Alloy in Rodents |
OCT 2002 |
17 pages |
| Authors:
Alexandra C. Miller; John F. Kalinich; David E. McClain; HENRY M JACKSON FOUNDATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF MILITARY MEDICINE ROCKVILLEMD
|
| This study investigates the carcinogenic and immunotoxic potential of embedded fragments of depleted uranium (DU) and a heavy-metal tungsten alloy (HMTA) to determine if carcinogenicity and immunotoxicity are correlated with tissue-metal content. We hypothesize that long-term chronic exposure to embedded DU and HMTA initiates changes in normal immune function that will eventually result in a carcinogenic response characterized by both tumor formation at the fragment implantation site (solid-state or foreign-body ... |
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| Depleted Uranium: A Case Study of Good and Evil |
2002 |
|
| Authors:
Bernard Rostker; RAND CORP SANTA MONICA CA
|
| This paper was written for the conference on Unacceptable Weapons sponsored by the National Security Seminar at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology on March 20, 2002. The title of this paper contains unusual and emotional words for an academic paper, good and evil. But then again, this conference contains an unusual and emotional word in its title, unacceptable. The term unacceptable weapons implies a difference of opinion between those who ... |
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| Evaluation of the Health Risks of Embedded Depleted Uranium (DU) shrapnel on Pregnancy and Offspring Development |
MAY 2001 |
79 pages |
| Authors:
Kimberly A. Benson; HENRY M JACKSON FOUNDATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF MILITARY MEDICINE ROCKVILLEMD
|
| The results of studies conducted with female rats implanted with depleted uranium pellets showed that significant levels of uranium could be measured in the rat urine and tissues sampled upon necropsy. Despite the significant uranium levels, especially in the kidney, this methodology did not yield the renal toxicity that could have been expected from the scientific literature. Most likely this is due to the method of administration, a constant uranium ... |
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| Field Detection of Depleted Uranium Final Report of Tasking W28476KR00Z (DSSPM) |
JUN 2000 |
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| Authors:
Dean S. Haslip; Tom Cousins; Diego Estan; Trevor A. Jones; DEFENCE RESEARCH ESTABLISHMENT OTTAWA (ONTARIO)
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| At the request of Defence Services Procurement Project 00002199, DREO has undertaken a study to examine the capabilities of commercial radiation detection equipment for the detection of depleted uranium (DU) on the battlefield. This work is intended to guide doctrine development for procedures to be followed where DU use or contamination is suspected. This work involved some spectroscopic studies of DU munitions, and detection trials ... |
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| Determination of Occupational Exposure to Depleted Uranium Based on Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry |
MAY 2000 |
19 pages |
| Authors:
Phillip R. Boyd; R. W. Tardiff; J. W. Ejnik; Alistair J. Carmichael; Matthew M. Hamiliton; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ADELPHI MD
|
| We used a simple method based on inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to determine the isotopic composition of uranium in urine at levels that indicate occupational exposure to depleted uranium (DU). DU exposure is indicated by a range for U-235 between 0.72 and 0.2 percent. Using the ICP-MS isotopic ratio method, we determined the percentage of U-235 in a series of urine samples based ... |
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| Radiological Characterization Survey Report, 1964 B-58 Accident Site, Grissom Air Reserve Base, Bunker Hill, Indiana |
MAY 2000 |
60 pages |
| Authors:
Steven E. Rademacher; William V. Hoak; INSTITUTE FOR ENVIRONMENT SAFETY AND OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH RISK ANALYSIS BROOKSAFB TX SURVEILLANCE DIRECTORAT
|
| On December 8, 1964, during a routine Operational Readiness Inspection, a B-58 strategic bomber skidded off the runway) at Bunker Hill AFB, IN (later named Grissom Air Force Base). The consequence of the accident was a fire and destruction of five nuclear weapons on the aircraft. The high explosives in the weapons did not detonate, but melted and burned, leaving some residual radioactive contamination in ... |
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| Gulf War Illnesses: Understanding of Health Effects From Depleted Uranium Evolving But Safety Training Needed |
MAR 2000 |
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| Authors:
GENERAL ACCOUNTING OFFICE WASHINGTON DC NATIONAL SECURITY AND INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS DIV
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| In view of the controversy about a possible connection between depleted uranium exposure and Gulf War illnesses, you asked us to address the following objectives: (1) What is the scientific understanding about health effects from exposure to depleted uranium? (2) Are Gulf War veterans experiencing administrative problems with the current medical screening program for depleted uranium health effects? (3) To what extent have the services ... |
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| Tank-Automotive and Armaments Command (TACOM) and Army Materiel Command (AMC) Review of Transuranics (TRU) in Depleted Uranium (DU) Armor |
JAN 2000 |
25 pages |
| Authors:
Ramachandra K. Bhat; ARMY TEST MEASUREMENT AND DIAGNOSTIC EQUIPMENT ACTIVITY FORT BELVOIR VA
|
| The United States Department of the Army (DA) Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) license for Depleted Uranium (DU) armor is managed by the Tank- automotive and Armaments Command (TACOM). In August 1999, The Department of Energy (DOE) informed the Army that DU armor carried trace amounts of transuranics, (TRU) and Technetium-99 (Tc-99). The NRC subsequently requested the Army submit an amendment to its DU Armor license (NRC Materials License No. SUB-1536, ... |
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| A Review of the Scientific Literature As It Pertains to Gulf War Illnesses. Volume 7 Depleted Uranium |
1999 |
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| Authors:
Naomi H. Harley; Ernest C. Foulkes; Lee H. Hilborne; Arlene Hudson; C. R. Anthony; RAND NATIONAL DEFENSE RESEARCH INST SANTA MONICA CA
|
| This literature review, one of eight commissioned by the Special Assistant to the Deputy Secretary of Defense for Gulf War Illnesses, summarizes the existing scientific literature on the health effects of depleted uranium that may have affected service members who served in Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm and recommends additional areas of research where appropriate. The eight RAND reviews are intended to complement efforts ... |
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| Evaluation of the Health Risks of Embedded Depleted Uranium (DU) shrapnel on Pregnancy and Offspring Development |
OCT 1998 |
36 pages |
| Authors:
Kimberly A. Benson; HENRY M JACKSON FOUNDATION ROCKVILLE MD
|
| Our laboratory is currently assessing the toxicity of embedded depleted uranium on the female rat This research is intended to answer questions that have arisen following Operation Desert Storm During this conflict a number of. U.S. military personnel were wounded by depleted uranium fragments. Many of these fragments were not removed because the removal procedure would produce excessive tissue damage. Uranium bioassays taken over a year ... |
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| Robust Algorithms for Penetration Mechanics Problems |
FEB 1998 |
81 pages |
| Authors:
R. C. Batra; VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INST AND STATE UNIV BLACKSBURG DEPT OF ENGINEERING SCIENCE AND MECHANICS
|
| We have investigated the differences in the performance of identical depleted uranium (DU) and tungsten heavy alloy (WHA) rods when deformed in pure torsion, plane strain compression, and during impact at normal incidence onto a smooth rigid block or a deformable steel target. The thermomechanical response of the material has been modeled by the Johnson Cook relation that accounts for strain and strain rate hardening of the material and its ... |
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| Toxicological Evaluation of Depleted Uranium in Rats: Six-Month Evaluation Point |
FEB 1998 |
30 pages |
| Authors:
T. C. Pellmar; J. B. Hogan; K. A. Benson; M. R. Landauer; ARMED FORCES RADIOBIOLOGY RESEARCH INST BETHESDA MD
|
| The use of depleted uranium (DU) munitions during Desert Storm resulted in a unique type of battlefield casualty, DU shrapnel wounds. The toxicity associated with embedded DU may differ significantly from other metals or other routes of uranium administration. This is a 6-month interim report of an 18- month study that is designed to assess the toxicity of implanted DU pellets. This study evaluates kidney, behavioral, and neural toxicity associated ... |
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| The Effect of Nose Shape on Depleted Uranium (DU) Long-Rod Penetrators |
SEP 97 |
66 pages |
| Authors:
Wendy Leonard; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| The ballistic performance of model scale U-3/4%Ti long-rod penetrators with three different nose-shape designs (blunt nose, conical nose, and frustum cone) were evaluated. The target matrix included semi-infinite rolled homogeneous armor (RHA) and two finite RHA targets, one at normal incidence and one at high obliquity, but with the same line-of-sight thickness. The results reflected the same trends as observed for a previous tungsten alloy penetrator study, demonstrating that the ... |
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| Comparison of Scintillation Detection Efficiencies of Depleted Uranium in Wounds |
MAY 97 |
56 pages |
| Authors:
Shelley Zuehike; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH
|
| Depleted uranium (DU) has been used to reinforce military equipment and weapon systems due to its high density and metallurgical properties. During Desert Shield/Storm, some soldiers were wounded by fragments of depleted uranium metal which became imbedded in various locations in their bodies. The Army Radiation Research Office in Fort Belvoir, Virginia, requested assistance from Colorado State University in finding a portable and easily operated system for detecting depleted uranium ... |
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| Health Effects of Embedded Depleted Uranium Fragments |
15 NOV 1996 |
43 pages |
| Authors:
David R. Livengood; ARMED FORCES RADIOBIOLOGY RESEARCH INSTBETHESDA MD
|
| During Operation Desert Storm (ODS) friendly-fire incidents resulted in patients wounded from embedded fragments of depleted uranium (DU) metal. Existing fragment removal guidelines dictated fragments be left in place unless they were a present or future threat to health. An Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute (AFRRI) 1993 review of the potential health effects of allowing DU fragments to remain in place found no evidence to warrant a change in the ... |
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| Carcinogenesis of Depleted Uranium Fragments |
FEB 96 |
32 pages |
| Authors:
Fletcher F. Hahn; DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY ALBUQUERQUE NM ALBUQUERQUE OPERATIONS OFFICE
|
| Several soldiers from the Gulf War were wounded by depleted uranium (DU)-containing shrapnel. There is concern that DU may be more hazardous than other shrapnel because of its radioactivity and known toxicity to the kidney. The risks associated with the long-term exposure to DU in this form are thought to be low, but are poorly understood. Predictions of risk are necessary to guide the medical management of soldiers with DU-bearing ... |
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| Advancements in Depleted Uranium Catchbox Designs for Ballistic Test Applications |
Aug-1994 |
17 pages |
| Authors:
Steven C Torma; OLIN CORP ST PETERSBURG FL CHEMICAL DIV
|
| The present article reviews design considerations and structural affectivity of depleted uranium (DU) catchboxes. Environmental considerations have driven technical design advancements required to minimize the environmental impact encountered when decommissioning ballistic test facilities. Furthermore, this paper will review disposal challenges and alternative methods available for DU contaminated soil remediation. The depleted uranium (DU) Armor Piercing, Fin Stabilized, Discarding Sabot - Tracer (APFSDS-T) 120 mm tank ammunition cartridge is the primary ... |
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| Fracture Toughness and Stress Corrosion Resistance of U-O.75 wt% Ti |
23 JUN 94 |
18 pages |
| Authors:
Chester V. Zabielski; Milton Levy; ARMY RESEARCH LAB WATERTOWN MA MATERIALS DIRECTORATE
|
| Late in 1978, ARL-MD, Watertown was asked to participate in an investigation of several failures on launch of depleted-uranium cored XM774 rounds during low temperature firing. Failure occurred in the vicinity of the rear-most buttress groove of the core where the fillet stress approximates the yield strength of the U-0.75 wt% Ti core alloy. A simple fracture mechanics approach suggested that poor low temperature fracture toughness of the core alloy ... |
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| Separation of Depleted Uranium Fragments from Gun Test Catchment. Volume 4. Bench-Scale Tests of Separating Depleted Uranium from Sand |
30 DEC 93 |
50 pages |
| Authors:
A. A. Khan; OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LAB TN
|
| This technical report is divided into four volumes. Volume I presents Summary and Recommendations, Volume II contains Catchment System Evaluation and Separating Methods, Volume III contains an Economic Comparison of Disposal Options, and Volume IV documents Bench-Scale Tests for Separation. Phase 2 activities are described for a task entitled 'Separation of Depleted Uranium Fragment from Gun Test Catchments, Vol. IV, 'sponsored by the Air Force Engineering and Service Center, Tyndall ... |
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| Separation of Depleted Uranium Fragments from Gun Test Catchment. Volume 3. Economic Comparison of Depleted Uranium Disposal Options for Elgin AFB Gun Test Facility |
30 DEC 93 |
80 pages |
| Authors:
R. P. Wichner; W. M. Bradshaw; OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LAB TN
|
| This technical report is divided into four volumes. Volume I presents Summary and Recommendations, Volume II contains Catchment System Evaluation and Separating Methods, Volume III contains an Economic Comparison of Disposal Options, and Volume IV documents Bench-Scale Tests for Separation. Activities are described for a task entitled 'Separation of Depleted Uranium Fragments from Gun Test Catchments, Volume III, sponsored by the Air Force Engineering Services Center, Tyndall Air Force Base, ... |
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| Separation and Depleted Uranium Fragments from Gun Test Catchment. Volume 2. Catchment System and Separations Methods |
30 DEC 93 |
139 pages |
| Authors:
R. P. Wichner; A. A. Khan; J. M. Hoegler; OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LAB TN
|
| This technical report if divided into four volumes. Volume I presents Summary and Recommendations, Volume II contains Catchment System Evaluation and Separation Methods, Volume III contains an Economic Comparison of Disposal Options, and Volume IV documents Bench-Scale Tests for Separation. Phase I activities are described for 'Separation of Depleted Uranium Fragments from Gun Test Catchments, Vol. II,' sponsored by the Air Force Engineering Services Center, Tyndall Air Force Base, Florida. ... |
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| Separation of Depleted Uranium Fragments from Gun Test Catchment. Volume 1. Summary and Recommendations |
30 DEC 93 |
63 pages |
| Authors:
D. B. Lloyd; R. P . Wichner; H. W. Jermyn; OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LAB TN
|
| This technical report if divided into four volumes. Volume I presents Summary and Recommendations, Volume II contains Catchment System Evaluation and Separation Methods, Volume III contains an Economic Comparison of Disposal Options, and Volume IV documents Bench-Scale Tests for Separation. Results of activities are described for a task titled 'Separation of Depleted Uranium Fragments from Gun Test Catchments, Vol. I,' sponsored by the Air Force Engineering and Services Center, Tyndall ... |
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| Development and Characterization of Adiabatic Shear Prone Tungsten Heavy Alloys |
JUL 93 |
81 pages |
| Authors:
Aniimesh Bose; James Lankford Jr.; Herve Couque; WYMAN-GORDON CO WORCESTER MA
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| Depleted uranium (DU) is currently the top-performing kinetic energy penetrator, followed closely (but not matched) by several tungsten heavy alloy variants. Because of the adverse environmental impact associated with DU, it is extremely desirable to determine a means of upgrading the ballistic performance of heavy alloys to a level at least comparable to that of DU. It is thought that the reason for the improved ballistic performance of DU-0.75 Ti ... |
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| Effect of Molybdenum Ion Implantation of the Pitting Corrosion of Depleted Uranium - 0.75 Titanium Alloy |
JUL 1993 |
14 pages |
| Authors:
K. S. Lei; F. Chang; M. Levy; ARMY RESEARCH LAB FORT MONMOUTH NJ
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| Pitting corrosion of molybdenum-ion-implanted, depleted uranium -0 75 Ti (DU -0 75 Ti) has been studied electrochemically in acidic. neutral, and alkaline solutions containing sodium chloride, and the results have been compared to those of the unimplanted DU -0 75 Ti. The data show that Mo implantation shifts the pitting potential of DU -0 75 Ti in the noble direction in acidic and alkaline solutions In neutral 50 ppm Cl- ... |
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| Assessment of the Risks from Imbedded Fragments of Depleted Uranium |
MAR 93 |
20 pages |
| Authors:
Eric G. Daxon; Jeffery H. Musk; ARMED FORCES RADIOBIOLOGY RESEARCH INST BETHESDA MD
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| Assessment of Corrosion Resistant Coatings for a Depleted U-0.75 Ti Alloy |
SEP 90 |
20 pages |
| Authors:
F. Chang; M. Levy; B. Jackman; W. B. Nowak; ARMY LAB COMMAND WATERTOWN MA MATERIAL TECHNOLOGY LAB
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| Aluminum, zinc, magnesium, Al-Zn, Al-Mg, nickel, titanium, TiN and Al/TiN coatings were applied by the arc plasma physical vapor deposition (PVD) technique to a depleted uranium (DU) alloy for corrosion protection assessment. The as-deposited specimens were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for surface morphology and tested for adhesion. Electrochemical polarization tests and immersion tests were conducted in aerated 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution. Results of electrochemical polarization scans and observations ... |
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| Filtration System for Removal of Depleted Uranium from Water |
FEB 88 |
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| Authors:
Lauren T. Farrell; Paul T. Bartlett; W. J. Olechiw; TTI ENGINEERING NORWOOD MA
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| Previous depleted uranium munitions testing at Eglin AFB has resulted in 500 to 35,000 gallons of waste water containing: a. DU concentrations from 2. 5 x 10 (-5 to the power) to 9 x 10 (-8 to the power) microcuries/mL. b. DU particles equal to and greater than 0.1 micron in size. Eglin personnel reasoned that if particles could be filtered from the waste water down to a 0.1 micron ... |
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