| Performance Sustainment of Two Man Crews during 87 Hours of Extended Wakefulness with Stimulants and Napping |
Feb-2009 |
70 pages |
| Authors:
Arthur Estrada; Lana Milam; Lisa Dueringer; Tiffany Rouse; Lisa Palacio; Elmar Schmeisser; Ian Curry; Terry Rowe; Robert Wildzunas; Patricia LeDuc; Christopher Martin; Julie Bass; ARMY AEROMEDICAL RESEARCH LAB FORT RUCKER AL
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 | Thirty-two pilots each completed twenty-two simulated flights and other evaluations during 87 hours of sustained operations. General results are that dextroamphetamine and modafinil similarly attenuated numerous sleep loss problems. While caffeine had some benefits preventing performance declines, changes in performance often mimicked those seen in the placebo group. The benefits of all three stimulants were most noticeable from 0200 until 1000 when the fatigue from sleep deprivation was greatest. The ... |
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| 24/7 Operational Effectiveness Toolset: Predictions of FAST (trademark) and F-PAS |
Nov-2008 |
45 pages |
| Authors:
Juan Mendez; Douglas R Eddy; NTI INC FAIRBORN OH
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| The purpose of the work reported here was to validate the core software components of a new web-based version of the Fatigue Avoidance Scheduling Tool (FAST(trademark)). Four different schedules were used to compare the performance effectiveness projections of the two computer applications. The methods used to compare the data were taken from Chaiken (2005). The preliminary comparisons revealed discrepancies between the applications that were unacceptable. After modifications to the Core ... |
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| Alertness Management Strategies for Operational Contexts |
01-Aug-2008 |
18 pages |
| Authors:
John A Caldwell; J Lynn Caldwell; Regina M Schmidt; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB BROOKS AFB TX HUMAN EFFECTIVENESS DIRECTORATE
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| This article provides a review which addresses the problem of fatigue attributable to sleep loss in modern society and the scientifically proven strategies useful for reducing fatigue-related risks. Fatigue has become pervasive because many people work non-standard schedules, and/or they consistently fail to obtain sufficient sleep. Sleep restriction, sleep deprivation, and circadian desynchronization produce a variety of decrements in cognitive performance as well as an array of occupational and health ... |
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| Short-Wavelength Countermeasures for Circadian Desynchrony |
30-Jun-2008 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
H C Heller; Mark Smith; STANFORD UNIV CA DEPT OF BIOLOGY
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| Exposure to light at critical phases of the circadian cycle entrains circadian rhythms. Exposure of humans to bright light for an hour or more at the right phase of the circadian cycle produces significant phase shifts of circadian rhythms speeding recovery from jet-lag, and optimizing cognitive functionality and restorative sleep. Our work on mice produced the unexpected result that exposure to intermittent millisecond flashes of light distributed over an hour ... |
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| Individualized Biomathematical Modeling of Fatigue and Performance |
29-May-2008 |
56 pages |
| Authors:
van; Hans P Dongen; WASHINGTON STATE UNIV SPOKANE
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| Fatigue from sleep loss and circadian misalignment jeopardizes the cognitive performance and safety of individuals during sustained Air Force operations. Mathematical models of fatigue and performance provide a useful tool for the prediction of cognitive impairment resulting from sleep loss and circadian disruption. However, currently available models do not accurately predict the effects of chronic sleep restriction, and do not make reliable predictions at the level of persons or small ... |
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| Disruption of the Circadian Rhythms of Gene Expression and the Development of Breast Cancer |
01-Feb-2008 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
David J Kennaway; ADELAIDE UNIV (AUSTRALIA)
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| This project uses a mouse model to examine the effects of rhythm disruption on the expression of genes, the growth of breast cancer xenografts and spontaneous mammary tumours. Task 2: Task has been completed except for some additional gene expression assays. Task 3: Collection of tissues from the PyMT transgenic mice has been partially completed. Second cohort of animals are currently growing under the control and shiftwork simulation conditions. Task ... |
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| Investigation of Murine Models for Sleep, Wakefulness and Target Discovery |
01-Oct-2007 |
74 pages |
| Authors:
Gui-lan Ye; Thomas Lanthorn; Katerina Savelieva; LEXICON GENETICS INC THE WOODLANDS TX
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| Genetic inhibition of two genes, an orphan GPCR and a kinase, have been shown to produce changes in the behavior of mice that suggest the ability to promote sleep and to promote extended wakefulness. One of these is a well-known clock gene, but its effects on normal sleep-wake states had not been characterized. Pharmaceutical investigation of either of these genes appears to be very limited, but could be fruitful in ... |
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| The Transgenic TGF-Alpha or EGFR1 Overexpression Mouse Model for Symptom Complex Research |
OCT 2007 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Tyvin Rich; VIRGINIA UNIV CHARLOTTESVILLE
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| The TGF- transgenic over expression model has been used to study circadian running wheel activity (RWA) in C57Bl6 mice. The genotype of each transgenic animal is determined by PCR analysis of tissue and gel electorphoresis. Male and female transgenic and control animals have been assessed for RWA, phase, and total amount of activity in a light controlled environment using a 12:12 hour light/dark (LD) cycle and in constant darkness (DD). ... |
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| Fatigue in Military Operational Environments: An Annotated Bibliography |
JUL 2007 |
76 pages |
| Authors:
Nita L. Miller; Lawrence G. Shattuck; Panagiotis Matsangas; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
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| Research involving sleep and fatigue in military operations has been conducted for many years. Indeed, following nearly every major military engagement or conflict, reports are published which detail the effects of sleep deprivation on human performance. Unfortunately, many of these reports never make it to the scientific literature, and are published instead as technical reports. Following an extensive search of all available data sources including open scientific journals and electronic ... |
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| Uncovering Physiologic Mechanisms of Circadian Rhythms and Sleep/Wake Regulation Through Mathematical Modeling |
01-Jun-2007 |
14 pages |
| Authors:
Richard E Kronauer; Glenn Van Gunzelmann; Hans P Dongen; Doyle; Francis J III; Elizabeth B Klerman; HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL BOSTON MA DIVISION OF SLEEP MEDICINE
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| Mathematical models of neurobehavioral function are useful both for understanding the underlying physiology and for predicting the effects of rest-activity-work schedules and interventions on neurobehavioral function. In a symposium titled Modeling Human Neurobehavioral Performance I: Uncovering Physiologic Mechanisms at the 2006 Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics/Society for Mathematical Biology (SIAM/SMB) Conference on the Life Sciences, different approaches to modeling the physiology of human circadian rhythms, sleep, and neurobehavioral performance ... |
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| Reproductive and Hormonal Risk Factors for Breast Cancer in Blind Women |
JUN 2007 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
Steven W. Lockley; BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL BOSTON MA
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| Epidemiological observations indicate that breast cancer risk is lower in visually impaired women compared to sighted women and that risk is inversely correlated with degree of visual impairment. A hypothesis to explain these findings is that blind people are less susceptible to suppression of melatonin by light exposure at night and therefore have higher levels of melatonin. Melatonin has oncostatic properties in vitro. In a survey of blind women, we ... |
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| High-Throughput Analysis of Dynamic Gene Expression Associated with Sleep Deprivation and Recovery Sleep in the Mouse Brain |
DEC 2006 |
33 pages |
| Authors:
Ed Lein; ALLEN INST FOR BRAIN SCIENCE SEATTLE WA
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| Sleep deprivation in mice causes changes in gene expression in discrete brain regions associated with sleep/wake control as well as higher cognitive functions. Laser capture microdissection was used to isolate a set of relevant brain regions, and these samples were amplified to allow genome-wide genetic profiling on DNA microarrays to search for altered gene expression correlated with sleeping, waking, sleep deprivation and recovery sleep following sleep deprivation. Candidate genes from ... |
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| In Search of Circasemidian Rhythms |
NOV 2006 |
23 pages |
| Authors:
James C. Miller; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB BROOKS AFB TX HUMAN EFFECTIVENESS DIR/BIODYNAMICS AND PROTECTION DIV
|
| There is controversy over the existence of physiological or behavioral circasemidian (12-hour period) rhythms. However, a number of reports have shown a circasemidian error pattern in industrial and transportation environments and a circasemidian pattern in body temperature. To help us quantify the effects of fatigue, we hypothesized that body temperature, subjective sleepiness, simple response time and working memory speed would oscillate with a period of 12 hours (the circasemidian frequency); ... |
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| Reproductive and Hormonal Risk Factors for Breast Cancer in Blind Women |
MAY 2006 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
Steven Lockley; BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL BOSTON MA
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| Epidemiological observations indicate that breast cancer risk is lower in visually impaired women compared to sighted women and that risk is inversely correlated with degree of visual impairment. A hypothesis to explain these findings is that blind people are less susceptible to suppression of melatonin by light exposure at night and therefore have higher levels of melatonin. Melatonin has oncostatic properties in vitro. In a survey of 12,000 blind women, ... |
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| AFOSR PRET: Homeostatic & Circadian Regulation of Wakefulness During Jet Lag and Sleep Deprivation: Effect of Wake-Promoting Countermeasures |
31 MAY 2005 |
76 pages |
| Authors:
David F. Dinges; Charles A. Czeisler; Dale M. Edgar; PENNSYLVANIA UNIV PHILADELPHIA SCHOOL OF MEDICINE
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| The Center was part of the academic-industry Partners for Research Excellence and Transition (PRET) program of AFOSR. Its focus was on basic science discoveries of countermeasures that could be transitioned to Air Force to prevent cognitive and neurobehavioral performance impairments during transmeridian deployment, sustained operations and night operations. Basic clinical research undertaken in laboratories at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine and Brigham & Women's Hospita/Harvard Medical School, resulted ... |
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| Determining the Effect of Cryptochrome Loss and Circadian Clock Disruption on Tumorigenesis in Mice |
MAR 2005 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Michele A. Gauger; NORTH CAROLINA UNIV AT CHAPEL HILL
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| It has recently been reported that disruption of the circadian clock leads to increased breast cancer risk in humans and to a high rate of ionizing radiation (IR)-induced tumors in mice. Cryptochrome 1 and 2 proteins are core components of the mammalian circadian clock and mice mutated in both genes are arrhythmic. We tested Cry1-/-Cry2-/- mice and fibroblasts derived from these mice for radiation induced cancer and killing, and DNA ... |
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| Circadian Rhythms, Fatigue, and Manpower Scheduling |
DEC 2004 |
111 pages |
| Authors:
Kristen A. Pearson; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
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| The Benefield Anechoic Facility (BAF), Edwards Air Force Base, California, is the largest anechoic military test facility in the world for testing developmental and operational electromagnetic equipment. Supervisors must often extend employees' work hours considerably in order to meet mission (i.e., test) timelines. Supervisors at the BAF currently have no accurate means of identifying when an employee's work performance is at risk of decreasing due to sleep deprivation, unbalanced circadian ... |
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| Fatigue Countermeasures for Rapid Deployment: Operation Pegasus |
JUL 2004 |
35 pages |
| Authors:
Jon French; Jeff Whitmore; Didier Lagarde; Maurice Beaumont; Terrell Scoggins; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB BROOKS AFB TX HUMAN EFFECTIVENESS DIR/ BIODYNAMICS ANDPROTECTION DIV
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| The aim of this work was to investigate the effects of slow-release caffeine (SRC) and melatonin (MLT) on sleep and daytime vigilance and SRC or MLT as chronobiotics after a 7-time zone eastbound flight. Three groups of 9 US Air Force reservists each received either five daily doses of SRC (300 mg), four nightly doses of MLT (5 mg) or the appropriate placebo for SRC or MLT in a double-blind, ... |
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| Biotelemetry Transmitter Implantation in Rodents: Impact on Growth and Circadian Rhythms |
15 JAN 2004 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Lisa R. Leon; Larry D. Walker; David A. DuBose; Lou A. Stephenson; ARMY RESEARCH INST OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE NATICK MA THERMAL AND MOUNTAIN MEDICINE DIVISION
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| The implantation of a biotelemetry transmitter for core body temperature (Tc) and motor activity (MA) measurements is hypothesized to have effects on growth and circadian rhythmicity depending on animal body-to- transmitter (B:T) size ratio. This study examined the impact of transmitter implantation (TM) on body weight., food intake (FI), water intake (WI). and circadian Tc and MA rhythms in mice (23.8 +/- 0.04 g) and rats (311.5 +/- 5.1 g) ... |
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| Working the Nightshift on the USS JOHN C. STENNIS: Implications for Enhancing Warfighter Effectiveness |
01-May-2003 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Nita L Miller; John Nguyen; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA DEPT OF OPERATIONS RESEARCH
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| For over three decades, the U.S. Navy has employed a unique approach to fatigue management for carrier operations. This technique uses two aircraft carriers and allows them to share the responsibility of around-the-clock flight operations. Crewmembers aboard one carrier work primarily the day shift while crewmembers aboard the other carrier work the night shift. U.S. Naval forces, carrying out air strikes against targets in Afghanistan during Operation Enduring Freedom, recently ... |
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| Neuropharmacology of Circadian Phase Regulation by Serotonin |
DEC 2002 |
24 pages |
| Authors:
Michael A. Rea; HOUSTON UNIV TX DEPT OF BIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY
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| This work elucidates the mechanism by which serotonin regulates the circadian clock's response to%the phase-adjusting effects of exposure to light. The primary goals are (1) to identify% and characterize the neural receptors that mediate these phase-shifting responses, and (2) to determine their sites of action. Using the Syrian hamster, we cloned and characterized the 5-HT1A and 5- HT7 receptors. We then demonstrated that these receptors are present in the suprachiasmatic ... |
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| A Laboratory Comparison of Clockwise and Counter-Clockwise Rapidly Rotating Shift Schedules, Part III: Effects on Core Body Temperature and Neuroendocrine Measures |
NOV 2002 |
20 pages |
| Authors:
Albert Boquet; Crystal E. Cruz; Thomas E. Nesthus; Cristy A. Detwiler; William R. Knecht; Kali A. Holcomb; FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION OKLAHOMA CITY OK CIVIL AEROMEDICAL INST
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| Most researchers suggest that shift rotation in a forward or clockwise direction produces less disruption of circadian rhythms than those that rotate in a backward or counter-clockwise direction. This is based upon extrapolation from quasi-experimental studies of shift-workers and research on the effects of jet lag, which indicate that westward travel results in less disruption of circadian rhythms. The effect of direction of rotation on cortisol, melatonin, and core body ... |
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| The Effects of Reversing Sleep-Wake Cycles on Sleep and Fatigue on the Crew of USS John C. Stennis |
SEP 2002 |
169 pages |
| Authors:
John L. Nguyen; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
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| This study explores the effects of reversing the work-sleep schedules of the crew aboard the USS JOHN C STENNIS. It also reviews current research in the field of sleep deprivation and the resultant performance decrements in humans. The results of the study indicate that a significant number of sailors have difficulty adjusting to working nights and sleeping days. Additionally, the study finds that individuals working topside have greater difficulty adjusting ... |
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| Cell-permeable Circadian Clock Proteins |
30 JUN 2002 |
3 pages |
| Authors:
Carl H. Johnson; VANDERBILT UNIV NASHVILLE TN DEPT OF GENERAL BIOLOGY
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| Humans and most other organisms manifest circadian (daily) rhythms that are controlled by an endogenous biochemical oscillator. These 'biological clocks' are important to human physiology. For example, psychiatric and medical studies have shown that circadian rhythmicity is involved in some forms of depressive illness, 'jet lag', drug tolerance/efficacy, memory, and insomnia. Therefore, understanding the biochemical mechanism of circadian clocks may lead to procedures which will be useful in the diagnosis ... |
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| Mathematical Models of the Use of Caffeine as a Countermeasure Deterioration of Neurobehavioral Functioning During Circadian Misalignment and Sleep Deprivation |
2002 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Megan E. Jewett; BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL BOSTON MA
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| This project seeks a quantitative description of the dynamics of homeostatic and circadian influences on human sleep/wake patterns, cognitive and psychomotor performance. Equations have been developed by R. Kronauer and M. Jewett for the circadian/homeostatic interaction, as well as for the photic entrainment of the circadian pacemaker. See Journal of Biological Rhythms, December 1999, Vol. 14, Issue 6 for a complete statement of these models. Data from human forced desynchrony ... |
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| Fatigue Management for Aerospace Expeditionary Forces Deployment and Sustained Operations |
APR 2001 |
53 pages |
| Authors:
Michael A. LeClair; AIR COMMAND AND STAFF COLL MAXWELL AFB AL
|
| Under the new Expeditionary Aerospace Force (EAF) concept, the US Air Force is capable of deploying and employing in 72 hours or less. Furthermore, the US mission frequently requires 24-hour activities to meet operational demands. Because of its commitment to project power with such a rapid fighting force, aviators on contingency operations will regularly face fatigue-related challenges inherent in sustained and continuous operations, as well as those from rapid, transmeridian ... |
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| Clinical Trial of Exercise on Circadian Clock Resetting |
31 JAN 2001 |
17 pages |
| Authors:
Charles A. Czeisler; Laura K. Barger; BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL BOSTON MA
|
| Specific Aim 1: test the hypothesis that a 9-hr phase delay shift of the duty-rest schedule, such as that required for either transmeridian travel or night operations, will induce physiologic maladaptation in the endogenous circadian rhythms of core body temperature, plasma melatonin, reaction time, alertness and performance; Specific Aim 2: test the hypothesis that multiple nightly bouts of exercise will induce significant delays in the endogenous circadian rhythms of core ... |
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| Organization of the Human Circadian System |
22 JAN 2001 |
4 pages |
| Authors:
Robert Y. Moore; PITTSBURGH UNIV PA
|
| 1. Neuron innervation of the SCN. The 5HT innervation of the monkey SCN was analysed in brains from 5 macaque monkeys using immunocytochemistry with an antiserum against 5HT. There is a dense innervation of the SCN core, the area characterized by receiving direct retinal input. The surrounding area is not innervated but the perbSCN area also has a dense 5HT innervation. In the human brain, this nnerration was analysed using ... |
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| Phase-Shifting Effects of Light and Activity on the Human Circadian Clock |
18 SEP 2000 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
Eve Van Cauter; Orfeu M. Buxton; CHICAGO UNIV IL DEPT OF MEDICINE
|
| Basic human research experiments conducted at the University of Chicago examined jet lag and sleep loss, conditions that are highly relevant to Air Force operations. First, a series of studies examined the photic and nonphotic means by which the timing of the human circadian system can be changed. These protocols were typically of 3-4 days duration involving collection of 24-hour profiles of neuroendocrine and other ... |
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| Cellular Interactions in the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus. |
10 JUL 2000 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Anthony VAN DEN Pol; YALE UNIV NEW HAVEN CT SCHOOL OF MEDICINE
|
| We studied neurochemical mechanisms related to control of the activity of these cells. Modulation of the neuronal activity here plays animportant role in determining the phase of the circadian cycle. We examined neuromodulation of GABA and glutamate actions in cells of the SCN. Neuromodulation is based on the concept that neuromodulators can alter the release or response of SCN cells to the fast-acting neurotransmitters GABA and glutamate that regulated inhibition ... |
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| AASERT95 Control of Circadian Behavior by Light and Transplanted Supercharimatic Nuclei |
21 JUN 2000 |
17 pages |
| Authors:
Russell G. Foster; VIRGINIA UNIV CHARLOTTESVILLE DEPT OF BIOLOGY
|
| A circadian clock is of no use unless biological time is adjusted to local environmental time, and most organisms use the changes in the quantity and quality of light at twilight as their primary zeitgeber to effect photoentrainment. The sensory demands of photoentrainment have imposed a unique set of selection pressures, which has led to the evolution of specialized photoreceptor systems. In the non-mammalian vertebrates, pineal and deep brain photoreceptors ... |
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| Homeostatic & Circadian Regulation of Wakefulness During Jet Lag and Sleep. Sleep Deprivation: Effect of Wake-Promoting Countermeasures |
31 MAY 2000 |
64 pages |
| Authors:
David F. Dinges; C harles A. Czeisler; Dale M. Edgar; PENNSYLVANIA UNIV PHILADELPHIA BOARD OF TRUSTEES
|
| The overarching objective of the AFOSR PRET Center for Countermeasures to Jet Lag and Sleep Deprivation was the completion and integration of basic scientific research from three university laboratories for the goal of developing technologies that overcome the performance-impairing problems and risks posed by jet lag and sleep deprivation. Major human research projects on the effects of induced jet lag and sleep deprivation and ... |
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| Neurophysiological and Behavioural Analysis of Circadian Rhythm Entrainment |
29 MAR 2000 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
Benjamin Rusak; DALHOUSIE UNIV HALIFAX (NOVA SCOTIA)
|
| We investigated neurotransmitters which play a role in conveying light information to the circadian clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SON). We studied the effects on SON cell responses to light of classic small-molecule transmitters, such as glutamate, serotonin and acetylcholine, as well as a number of peptides. We showed that glutamate can affect SON cell firing rates through both ionotropic and metabotroplc receptors. We found ... |
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| Neurophysiological and Behavioural Analysis of Circadian Rhythm Entrainment |
29 MAR 2000 |
14 pages |
| Authors:
Benjamin Rusak; DALHOUSIE UNIV HALIFAX (NOVA SCOTIA)
|
| We investigated neurotransmitters which play a role in conveying light information to the circadian clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). We studies the effects on SCN cell responses to light of classic small-molecule transmitters, such as glutamate, serotonin and acetylcholine, as well as a number of peptides. We showed that glutamate can affect SCN cell firing rates through both ionotropic and metabotropic receptors. We found ... |
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| Individual Differences in the Adaptability to Irregular Rest-Work Rhythms/Status of the Use of Drugs in Sleep-Wakefulness Management (les Differences entre individus concernant les facultes d'adaptation aux rythmes irreguliers activite-repos/Le point sur |
MAR 2000 |
|
| Authors:
NATO RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY ORGANIZATION NEUILLY-SUR-SEINE (FRANCE)
|
 | These proceedings include the Technical Evaluation Report, two Keynote Addresses and 20 solicited papers of the Workshop sponsored by the NATO Human Factors and Medicine Panel and held at the Scuola Navale Militare "Francesco Morosini" in Venice, Italy, from 3-4 June 1999. NATO Contingency Operations provide new challenges to military personnel's health, safety and performance. In fact, these operations are commonly characterized by the need for effective performance at any ... |
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| The Use of Modafinil in Operational Settings: Individual Difference Implications |
MAR 2000 |
4 pages |
| Authors:
Didier LaGarde; INSTITUT DE MEDECINE AEROSPATIALE DU SERVICE DE SANTE DES ARMEES CEDEX (FRANCE)
|
| Disruptions in wake-sleep rhythms, particularly induced by SUSOPS and CONOPS, are limiting factors for military personnel in operation. Pharmacological aids, such as hypnotic or stimulant substances can be effective countermeasures. Modafinil MODIODAL (R) PROVIGIL (R) is a synthetic molecule prescribed for the treatment of narcolepsia and idiopathic The use of drugs in sleep-wakefulness management during operational settings is changing a lot according to the fast development of new generation of ... |
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| CIRCAD: Automated Analysis of Circadian Core Temperature Data |
JAN 2000 |
53 pages |
| Authors:
Tammy J. Doherty; Mary D. Coyne; Christina M. Kesick; Lou A Stephenson; ARMY RESEARCH INST OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE NATICK MA
|
| No accepted methodologies exist to study day-to-day changes in the characteristics of the circadian rhythm. Testing different methodologies using data processing and curve-fitting functions within Microsoft Excel and Jandel Sigmaplot is prohibitively expensive in terms of both time and personnel. Use of the CIRCAD program, described in this report, dramatically reduces the amount of time required for circadian data analyses and provides the capability to quickly implement ... |
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| Cellular Analysis of Circadian Rhythmicity in Cultured SCN Neutrons |
07 DEC 1999 |
4 pages |
| Authors:
Steven M. Reppert; MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL BOSTON
|
| Within the mammalian hypothalamus, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) contains a circadian clock for timing of diverse neuronal, endocrine, and behavioral rhythms. We have tested the hypothesis that the circadian period in behavior expressed by the whole animal is determined by the collective period that arises from the coupling of a large population of clock cells with diverse circadian periods. The results clearly show that circadian ... |
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| Cellular Analysis of Circadian Rhythmicity in Cultured SCN Neutrons |
07 DEC 1999 |
4 pages |
| Authors:
Steven M. Reppert; MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL BOSTON
|
| Within the mammalian hypothalamus, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) contains a circadian clock for timing of diverse neuronal, endocrine, and behavioral rhythms. We have tested the hypothesis that the circadian period in behavior expressed by the whole animal is determined by the collective period that arises from the coupling of a large population of clock cells with diverse circadian periods. The results clearly show that circadian ... |
|
| Alertness Degradation and Circadian Disruption on a U.S. Coast Guard Cutter Under Paragon Crewing Limits |
JUL 1999 |
55 pages |
| Authors:
C. Comperatore; A. Kirby; C. Bloch; C. Ferry; COAST GUARD RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER GROTON CT
|
| Crew alertness and the incidence of sleep/wake cycle disruptions were evaluated aboard DEPENDABLE, a WMEC, throughout 32 consecutive days underway. This study was conducted during the implementation of crew reductions prescribed by the Paragon project. Thirty male crew members volunteered to participate in the study. Wrist activity monitors (WAMs) were used to document sleep/wake cycles and electroencephalography (EEG) techniques were used to measure alertness. Thirty participants ... |
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| The Effects of Modafinil on Aviator Performance During 40 Hours of Continuous Wakefulness: A UH-60 Helicopter Simulator Study |
JUN 1999 |
59 pages |
| Authors:
John A. Caidwell Jr; Nicholas K. Smythe III; J. L. Caidwell; Kecia K. Hall; David N. Norman; ARMY AEROMEDICAL RESEARCH UNIT FORT RUCKER AL
|
| This research evaluated the efficacy of the stimulant modafinil for sustaining simulator flight performance, cognitive skill, psychological mood, and central nervous system (CNS) activation in helicopter pilots who had been deprived of sleep. Six Army helicopter pilots were each exposed to two 40-hour periods of continuous wakefulness separated by one night of recovery sleep. In one of the periods, three 200-mg doses of modafinil were given (at 2300, 0300, and ... |
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| Physiological Factors Correlating With a Possible Circadian Nadir in G- Tolerance |
DEC 1998 |
79 pages |
| Authors:
Bruce A. Wright; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSONAFB OH
|
| Circadian variation in athletic performance has been shown to have potentially significant performance consequences for the athlete. This study has attempted to determine whether there is a practical difference between day and night G-tolerance in order to warn pilots of possible adverse consequences due to circadian effects. The subjects' G-tolerance testing times were selected in order to highlight the potential maximum circadian differences. This study leads one to conclude that ... |
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| Effects of the TAU Mutation on Circadian Organization |
30 NOV 1998 |
50 pages |
| Authors:
Michael Menaker; VIRGINIA UNIV CHARLOTTESVILLE DEPT OF BIOLOGY
|
| As a consequence of the abbreviated grant period (11 months), we did not make as much progress as we anticipated in our original 3-year proposal. We finished and published a study on c-fos expression in the SCN of tau mutant hamsters. We demonstrated a correlation between phase-shifting and Fos induction thresholds under conditions where both responses are dramatically altered by the previous light history, suggesting a casual association between changes ... |
|
| Probing the Drosophila Circadian System with Enhancer Detectors |
30 APR 1998 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Vincent Cassone; Paul Hardin; TEXAS A AND M UNIV COLLEGE STATION
|
| The overall goals of this project are to: (1) identify candidate clock genes by analyzing the spatial expression patterns and circadian activity rhythm phenotypes of enhancer detector P-element insertion lines and (2) isolate these genes (or cDNA copies thereof) using the P-element as a molecular marker. We have screened through >3000 independent insertion lines. Among these, tilde 2% of the lines produced spatial expression patterns similar to that of known ... |
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| Phase Shifting Effects of Light and Activity on the Human Circadian Clock |
15 FEB 98 |
18 pages |
| Authors:
Eve Van Cauter; CHICAGO UNIV IL
|
| The goals of this research are to delineate basic mechanisms controlling the human circadian clock and to derive practical procedures to rapidly phase-shift human rhythms in real life situations. The focus is on the impact of the: interactions between circadian rhythmicity and sleep-wake regulation on endocrine function, metabolism, cardiovascular function, mood and cognition. The studies are designed to approximate real life conditions and examine conditions of circadian misalignment and sleep ... |
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| Workshift and Antihistamine Effects on Task Performance |
DEC 1997 |
100 pages |
| Authors:
Kirby Gilliland; Robert E. Schlegel; Thomas E. Nesthus; OKLAHOMA UNIV NORMAN SCHOOL OF INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING
|
| Sixteen male subjects, well trained on a battery of cognitive performance assessment tasks, participated in a study to Investigate the effects on human operator performance of work shift (Day Shift vs. Mid shift), a specific antihistamine drug (4 mg of ChlorTrimeton(registered) brand chlorpheniramine maleate), and time on task accompanying three successive drug doses spaced every four hours. Five performance tasks, two work sample tasks, and ... |
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| The Effects of Melatonin on Menstrual Characteristics, Prolactin, and Premenstrual Syndrome-Like Symptoms during a Simulated Eastward Deployment |
OCT 97 |
66 pages |
| Authors:
Carlos A. Comperatore; ARMY AEROMEDICAL RESEARCH LAB FORT RUCKER AL
|
| Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine),a natural hormone which has been shown to resynchronize circadian rhythms and induce sleep in humans (Arendt et al., 1987; Dawson and Encel, 1993; Reiter, 1991; Wurtman, 1986), is currently being marketed widely as a dietary supplement to alleviate desynchronosis (desynchronization of physiological and behavioral rhythms) and assist in obtaining quality sleep. Desynchronosis often results from rapid shifts in work schedules from day to night, or from shifts in ... |
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| Interaction of Light and Clock Regulation in Neurospora |
SEP 97 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Jennifer J. Loros; DARTMOUTH MEDICAL SCHOOL HANOVER NH DEPT OF PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY
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| Interest is focused on understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in how eukaryotic cells and organisms keep time on a daily basis and how visible light entrains the clock mechanism at the molecular level (Seminars in the Neurosciences, 7: 3-13, 1995). In the model organism, Neurospora crassa, ambient light has been shown to act either independently of, or coordinately through the circadian pacemaker. Significant advances in our understanding of how light ... |
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| Clinical Trial of the Effect of Exercise on Endogenous Circadian Period, Sleep and Performance |
29 AUG 97 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Charles A. Czeisler; BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL BOSTON MA
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| In summary, the addition of the research studies conducted in year three of the project solidifies the notion that regular bouts of aerobic exercise affect the physiology of the thermoregulatory system in a phase- dependent manner. Preliminary results from the reaction time data continue to be extremely promising. These data suggest that aerobic exercise may have the potential to enhance neurobehavioral performance, as reflected by simple visual reaction time, particularly ... |
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| Control of Circadian Behavior by Transplanted Suprachiasmatic Nuclei and by the Tau Gene |
AUG 1997 |
17 pages |
| Authors:
Micahel Menaker; VIRGINIA UNIV CHARLOTTESVILLE DEPT OF BIOLOGY
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| The mammalian retina was found to contain an independent circadian oscillator which regulates the synthesis of melatonin and has effects, through a presently unknown pathway, on the circadian rhythm of locomotor behavior in infact animals. Electrical recordings were successfully obtained from several brain regions of intact, behaving hamsters. The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) expressed circadian rhythms of electrical activity with peak electrical activity during the animals' 'day' (inactive period), and low ... |
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Reports by Keyword(s)
*Circadian rhythms
