| Iron Limitation and the Role of Siderophores in Marine Synechococcus |
Jun-2009 |
|
| Authors:
Adam R Rivers; WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION MA
|
 | Marine cyanobacteria in the genus Synechococcus are widely distributed and contribute significantly to global primary productivity. In many parts of the ocean their growth is limited by a lack of iron, an essential nutrient that is virtually insoluble in seawater. To overcome this, Synechococcus have evolved a number of strategies to acquire iron. Gene distribution, metagenomics and a novel immunological flow cytometry assay in the Costa Rica Upwelling Dome were ... |
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| Predator Effects on Dense Zooplankton Aggregations in the Coastal Ocean |
Jan-2008 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Kelly J Benoit-Bird; OREGON STATE UNIV CORVALLIS COLL OF OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
|
 | The distribution of organisms in the ocean is highly heterogeneous, influencing both sampling and ecological structure. The complex spatial and temporal structure of predators and prey affect one another. Numerous studies in pelagic systems have investigated the effects of prey distribution on predator behavior and studies in benthic habitats have revealed the significant impacts predators can have on prey distribution. However, primarily because of sampling difficulties, few studies have investigated ... |
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| Novel Acoustic Techniques for Assessing Fish Schooling in the Context of an Operational Ocean Observatory |
Jan-2008 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Kelly J Benoit-Bird; OREGON STATE UNIV CORVALLIS COLL OF OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
|
| Fish aggregation is important in terms of biology, fisheries, and measurement, quantitative analyses of gregarious movement behaviors remain relatively rare. Fish aggregation has most often been studied in easily accessed fish or fish easily maintained in the laboratory such as minnows and dace. Measurements of fish aggregations are often difficult, particularly in pelagic environments. Our goal is to develop new acoustic techniques that have the potential to serve as measurement ... |
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| Quantifying Trophic and Demographic Rates of Plankton-Rich Layers in East Sound, Orcas Island, Washington |
Jan-2008 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
Susanne Menden-Deuer; RHODE ISLAND UNIV NARRAGANSETT GRADUATE SCHOOL OF OCEANOGRAPHY
|
| Localized concentrations of plankton (i.e. patches) alter the optical and acoustical properties of the water column and can have significant ramifications for the ecological dynamics of marine communities. The goal of this research is to develop a mechanistic understanding and predictive capability of the biological drivers of plankton patch formation, persistence and decline. This goal will be addressed by concurrent characterization of the physical, chemical and biological parameters associated with ... |
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| A Novel Technique to Detect Epipelagic Fish Populations and Map their Habitat |
Jan-2008 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Kelly J Benoit-Bird; OREGON STATE UNIV CORVALLIS COLL OF OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
|
| The ultimate goal of this project is to substantially improve our understanding of the relationship between ecologically important key fish species (e.g. sardine and albacore) and the physical environment by collecting synoptic measurements with improved spatial and temporal resolution of observations. The overall objective of this work is to develop a new technique to detect epipelagic fishes and map their habitat and to test this technique in the EEZ of ... |
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| A Strategy for Federal Science and Technology to Support Water Availability and Quality in the United States |
SEP 2007 |
46 pages |
| Authors:
EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT WASHINGTON DC NATIONAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY COUNCIL
|
| Water is essential to maintain human health, agriculture, industry, ecosystem integrity, and the economic vitality of communities and the Nation. Throughout history, a key measure of a civilization's success has been the degree to which human ingenuity has harnessed fresh water resources for the public good. Indeed, civilizations have failed because of their inability to provide a safe and reliable water supply in the face of changing water resources and ... |
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| Applying Life Stage Sensitivity Data in Chemical Control Strategies for Invasive Animal Species |
AUG 2007 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
R. N. Millward; A. J. Kennedy; J. W. Lynn; K. D. Perry; S. Ruiz; J. A. Steevens; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS
|
| This technical note discusses how quantifying the relative sensitivity of different life stages of aquatic nuisance species (ANS) to chemical exposures may optimize control strategies. It is generally accepted that the early life stage of an organism is more sensitive than adults to chemicals. Therefore, it is intuitive that chemical control strategies designed to target sensitive life stages may provide more effective control and would require lower treatment doses, incurring ... |
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| Computer-Assisted Analysis of Near-Bottom Photos for Benthic Habitat Studies |
Sep-2006 |
|
| Authors:
V L Ferrini; H Singh; M E Clarke; W Wakefield; K York; WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION MA DEPT OF APPLIED OCEAN PHYSICS AND ENGINEERING
|
| This paper reports on a methodology developed for the analysis of near-bottom photographs collected for fisheries habitat studies. These tools provide a framework for conducting minimally invasive in-situ investigations of benthic organism abundance, diversity, and distribution using high-resolution optical datasets integrated with high precision navigational data. Utilizing these techniques with near-bottom photos collected with a precision navigated survey platform greatly increases the efficiency of image analysis and provides new insight ... |
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| Risk, Uncertainty, and Decision Analysis Applied to the Management of Aquatic Nuisance Species |
JUL 2006 |
16 pages |
| Authors:
Jongbum Kim; Todd S. Bridges; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS
|
| There are a number of potential strategies and approaches for managing aquatic nuisance species (ANS). This technical note will consider how decision-makers and stakeholders can resolve conflicting goals and scientific uncertainties that otherwise impair evaluation and selection of a method to address a specific problem. Value trade-offs exist among multiple objectives and scientific uncertainties about (1) how an ecosystem responds to control of ANS, and (2) the role of ANS ... |
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| Isotopic Constraints on the Sources and Associations of Organic Compounds in Marine Sediments |
FEB 2006 |
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| Authors:
Helen K. White; MASSACHUSETTS INST OF TECH CAMBRIDGE JOINT PROGRAM IN APPLIED OCEAN SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
|
| To provide a new perspective on the fate of both natural organic matter and hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs) in marine sediments, we have investigated the relationship between radiocarbon (14C) age and the different modes of association in aquatic sediments and soils. Radiocarbon is a sensitive tracer of OM provenance, with variations in its natural abundance reflecting the age and origin of material. The main objective has been to determine the ... |
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| FISH_ROCK: A Tool for Identifying and Counting Benthic Organisms in Bottom Photographs |
JAN 2006 |
|
| Authors:
Vicki L. Ferrini; Hanumant Singh; WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION MA
|
| Recent advances in underwater robotics and imaging technology now enable the rapid acquisition of large datasets of near-bottom high-resolution digital imagery. These images provide the potential for developing a non-invasive technique for fisheries data acquisition that reveals the organisms in their natural habitat and can be used to identify important habitat characteristics. Using these large datasets effectively, however, requires the development of computer-based techniques that increase the efficiency of data ... |
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| Sedimentation: Potential Biological Effects of Dredging Operations in Estuarine and Marine Environments |
MAY 2005 |
14 pages |
| Authors:
Gary L. Ray; Douglas G. Clarke; Robert M. Engler; D. H. Wilber; W. Brostoff; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS
|
| During the process of dredging, sediments are excavated and relocated. At various points in the process some volume of sediment is injected into the water column, either at the dredging site or at the dredged material disposal site. The amounts may be relatively small (e.g., around operating hydraulic cutterheads) or substantial (e.g., unconfined open-water disposal). The fate of these resuspended sediments, even if uncontaminated, is source of concern. Potential detrimental ... |
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| Assessing Toxicity of Obscurant Grade Pan-Based Carbon Fiber Aquatic Species Chronic Tests |
DEC 2004 |
3 pages |
| Authors:
N. A. Chester; M. V. Haley; C. W. Kumas; R. T. Checkai; EDGEWOOD CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| The Army Objective Force is characterized as organized, manned, equipped, and trained for land combat. In support of full-spectrum operations, Objective Force Concepts at the tactical level, and Objective Force Design emphasizing survivability and on-board multispectral capabilities, the newly developed Millimeter Wave Module has been added to the M56 smoke generation system by the Joint Program Manager for Nuclear Biological and Chemical Contamination Avoidance (JPM NBCCA). Use of polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-based ... |
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| Toxicity of Decon Green to Cerlodaphnia Dubla, Daphnia Magna, and Bivrio Fischeri |
SEP 2004 |
21 pages |
| Authors:
Mark V. Haley; Carl W. Kurnas; EDGEWOOD CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY DIR
|
| The U.S. Army is developing a hydrogen peroxide-based decontaminating solution Decon Green (DG) that is effective against chemical, as well as biological agents. The components of the decon solution are less hazardous to the user than standard decon solutions (i.e., DS-2/DAM). Toxicity data exist on the individual components; however environmental information on the mixture is lacking. This report addresses the aquatic toxicity of DG, presenting studies that will provide baseline ... |
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| Summary Report: Audits of Ballast Water Treatment Systems |
AUG 2004 |
26 pages |
| Authors:
G. E. Roderick; COAST GUARD RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER GROTON CT
|
| The development of ballast water treatment (BWT) technologies is at a very early stage. Many of the proposed BWT technologies have had limited laboratory testing and only a few have been tested aboard ships. Many others are still in the conceptual stage. In order to gain a better understanding of BWT technology development the U.S. Coast Guard Research and Development Center (USCG RDC) initiated an audit program designed to evaluate ... |
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| Bioadhesion Models from Marine Invertebrates: An Integrated Study - Biomechanical, Morphological, Biochemical, Molecular - of the Processes Involved in the Adhesion of Cuvierian Tubules in Sea Cucumbers (Echinodermata, Holothuroidea) |
30 JUN 2004 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
Patrick Flammang; Michael Jangoux; MONS-HAINAUT UNIV (BELGIUM) MARINE BIOLOGY LAB
|
| Cuvienan tubules are specialized adhesive defense organs occurring exclusively in some sea cucumber species. Cuvierian tubule adhesion is instantaneous. Our results suggest that the adhesive is in the form of a low molecular weigth precursor protein in the secretory granules of the adhesive cells. Upon release, these proteins instantly polymerize with no enzymatic curing required. The adhesive thus constituted has a composition unique among marine organism bioadhesives and forms relatively ... |
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| Developing Molecular Methods to Identify and Quantify Ballast Water Organisms: A Test Case with Cnidarians |
15-Apr-2004 |
60 pages |
| Authors:
Brian R Kreiser; UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MISSISSIPPI HATTIESBURG DEPT OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
|
| The potential for organisms to be transported by ballast water is well documented. Furthermore, biological invasions mediated by ballast water transport have led to some rather severe economic and ecological consequences as seen in the examples of the zebra mussel and green crab. Unfortunately, this is not necessarily a new phenomenon. As long as ships have traveled so have these sorts of stow away organisms. However, what has changed is ... |
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| Strategy for Testing the Efficacy of Ballast Water Treatment Technologies |
DEC 2003 |
35 pages |
| Authors:
Brian L. Howes; Craig D. Taylor; COAST GUARD RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER GROTON CT
|
| One of the principal vectors of aquatic invasive species introductions is the transport of organisms in ballast water. The primary management practice to reduce such introductions during routine ballasting operations is mid-ocean ballast water exchange (BWE). Due to BWE limitations (e. g., safety, route, efficiency), ballast water treatment (BWT) technologies to remove or inactivate entrained organisms are being developed. BWT technology is in the very early stages of development as ... |
|
| Nutrients in the Upper Mississippi River: Scientific Information to Support Management Decisions. The Upper Mississippi River - Values and Vulnerability |
JUL 2003 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR WASHINGTON DC
|
| The Upper Mississippi River (UMR) flows south about 1,300 miles from its headwaters in Minnesota to its confluence with the Ohio River at Cairo, Illinois. The river gains volume along its path as it drains nearly 190,000 square miles (490,000 km2) of land, extending over parts of South Dakota, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Iowa, Illinois, and Missouri (fig. 1). The UMR is valued as a multiple-use resource where commercial navigation, water supply, ... |
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| Effects of Biota on Backscatter: Experiments with the Portable Acoustic Laboratory (PAL) |
03 FEB 2003 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
Christopher D. Jones; UNIV OF WASHINGTON SEATTLE APPLIED PHYSICS LAB
|
| This is a report of the field test of a "portable acoustic laboratory," a set of observational tools that can be used for in situ testing of the effects of organisms, biological processes, and benthic structures on underwater acoustic propagation in sediments. A test was conducted off the end of a pier at the Friday Harbor Laboratories of the University of Washington. A semicircular region of seabed was monitored for ... |
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| Near-Field Receiving Water Monitoring of A Benthic Community Near the Palo Alto Water Quality Control Plant in South San Francisco Bay: February 1974 Through December 2002 |
2003 |
42 pages |
| Authors:
Michelle K. Shouse; Francis Parchaso; Janet K. Thompson; GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WASHINGTON DC
|
| Analyses of the benthic community structure over a 28-year period show that changes in the community have occurred concurrent with reduced concentrations of metals in the sediment and in the tissues of the biosentinal clam Macoma balthica from the same area. The community has shifted from being dominated by several opportunistic species to a community where the species are more similar in abundance, a pattern that could be indicative of ... |
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| Development of a Rapid, Inexpensive Bioassay for Screening Contaminant Bioavailability in Sediment Using mRNA Profiling |
DEC 2002 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Edward Perkins; Herbert L. Frederickson; Gilherme Lotufo; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS
|
| This technical note describes how the stress responses of common bioassay organisms can be used to identify toxic contaminants and their bioavailability in sediment. The freshwater non-biting midge, Chironomus tentans, responds to contaminant exposure by making proteins to detoxify chemicals or repair damage, in addition to other responses. Midges make new proteins by transcription, or copying, of genes into messenger RNA (mRNA) that are used to make many copies of ... |
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| Techniques for Measuring Substrate Embeddedness |
SEP 2002 |
26 pages |
| Authors:
Traci Sylte; Craig Fischenich; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS ENVIRONMENTAL LAB
|
| The degree to which fine sediments surround coarse substrates on the surface of a streambed is referred to as embeddedness. Although the term and its measurement were initially developed to address habitat space for juvenile steelhead trout, embeddedness measures have been used to assess fish spawning and macroinvertebrate habitat, as well as substrate mobility. Embeddedness is used as a water quality indicator in some areas. No publication provides a comprehensive ... |
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| Coastal Benthic Optical Properties (CoBOP): Optical Properties of Benthic Marine Organisms and Substrates |
2002 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
Charles H. Mazel; PHYSICAL SCIENCES INC ANDOVER MA
|
| Research was conducted as part of the ONR Departmental Research Initiative in Coastal Benthic Optical Properties (CoBOP). The long-term objective of our research is to gain an understanding of the nature and significance of fluorescence and reflectance characteristics of benthic marine organisms in general, and coral reef cnidarians in particular. We wish to determine how biological processes act to produce the optical properties and how optical measurements can be used ... |
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| Near Field Receiving Water Monitoring of Benthic Community Near the Palo Alto Water Quality Control Plant in South San Francisco Bay: February 1974 Through December 2000 |
2002 |
47 pages |
| Authors:
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR WASHINGTON DC
|
| Analyses of the benthic community structure over a 26-year period show that changes in the community have occurred concurrent with reduced concentrations of metals in the sediment and in the tissues of the biosentinal clam Macoma balthica from the same area. The community has shifted from being dominated by several opportunistic species to a community where the species are more similar in abundance, a pattern that could be indicative of ... |
|
| Physical Data and Biological Data for Algae, Aquatic Invertebrates, and Fish from Selected Reaches on the Carson and Truckee Rivers, Nevada and California, 1993-97 |
2002 |
217 pages |
| Authors:
Stephen J. Lawrence; Ralph L. Seiler; GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WASHINGTON DC
|
| This report, a product of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program, is a compilation of physical data and biological data for algae, aquatic invertebrates, and fish collected in the Carson and Truckee River Basins, Nevada and California. Most of the data were collected between 1993 and 1996 at selected reaches on the Carson and Truckee Rivers. Algae and aquatic invertebrate samples were collected from cobble riffles, submerged woody-snag habitats, and from ... |
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| Broadband Acoustic Backscatter and High-Resolution Morphology of Fish: Measurement and Modeling |
2002 |
|
| Authors:
D. B. Reeder; J. M. Jech; Timothy K. Stanton; WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION MA
|
| Remote detection and classification of marine organisms require accurate acoustic scattering models that adequately incorporate organism morphology. Broadband acoustic backscattering measurements, advanced high- resolution imaging of fish morphology using CT scans and phase contrast x-rays (in addition to traditional x-rays), and associated scattering modeling using the images have been conducted involving alewife (Alosa Pseudoharengus), a swimbladder-bearing fish. A greater-than-octave bandwidth (40-95 kHz), shaped, linearly swept, frequency modulated signal was used ... |
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| Evaluation of the Possibility of Observing Normal Behavior of an Organism at a Deep Sea Hydrothermal Vent |
27 FEB 2001 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
G. T. Reynolds; S. R. Smith; PRINCETON UNIV NJ JOSEPH HENRY LABS OFPHYSICS
|
| It is likely that the bright lights of a deep sea submersible coming into position at a hydrothermal vent seriously disturbs the behavior of the life found there. It may be of interest to observe the 'normal' behavior or natural response to selected stimuli. A possible means of providing illumination that permits such observation is discussed. |
|
| Toxicity of Marine Sediments and Pore Waters Spiked With Ordnance Compounds |
AUG 2000 |
155 pages |
| Authors:
R. S. Carr; Marion Nipper; TEXAS A AND M UNIV CORPUS CHRISTI TX CENTER FOR COASTAL STUDIES
|
| This study was undertaken to help quantify the potential effects of sediment contamination with ordnance compounds to the benthic biota. This objective was achieved by conducting toxicity tests with sediments spiked with ordnance compounds, using whole sediment tests with a benthic amphipod and porewater tests with different life stages of three marine organisms. The selection of ordnance compounds and porewater test species for this study ... |
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| Streambank Habitat Enhancement with Large Woody Debris |
MAY 2000 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
J. C. Fischenich; James V. Morrow Jr.; ARMY ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION VICKSBURG MS ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER
|
| Naturally occurring large woody debris (LWD) (i.e., > 10 cm diameter and 2 m in length) is an important component of many lotic systems. It provides velocity refuge and overhead cover for fishes, substrate for aquatic invertebrates, and can be an important source of particulate organic matter adding to primary productivity of a stream. Large woody debris also plays a major role in stream channel ... |
|
| Fish Immune Response as Biomarkers |
MAR 2000 |
39 pages |
| Authors:
Judith T. Zelikoff; NEW YORK UNIV MEDICAL CENTER TUXEDO NY
|
| Aquatic species are exposed to chemical contaminants that leach into the water from neighboring dump-sites or are directly discharged there. Heavily polluted water affects the health of aquatic life by, among other things, enhancing the incidence of infectious diseases. In light of the fact that: fish are directly-exposed in the water to toxic chemicals; the immune system is an extremely sensitive indicator for detecting the ... |
|
| Zebra Mussel Chemical Control Guide |
JAN 2000 |
116 pages |
| Authors:
Susan L. Sprecher; Kurt D. Getsinger; ARMY ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION VICKSBURG MS ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER
|
| Control and prevention of macrofouling caused by the freshwater zebra mussel, Dreissena polymorpha (Pallas), is a major concern of managers of inland waterways, water treatment plants, and power generation facilities in many areas of eastern North America. The threat to structures in navigable waterways makes the issue of interest to the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. In North America, chemical applications to water have been the most ... |
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| Evaluation of Biomonitoring Systems for Assessment of Contaminated Waters and Sediments at U.S. Army Installations |
DEC 1999 |
40 pages |
| Authors:
Dennis T. Burton; WYE RESEARCH AND EDUCATION CENTER QUEENSTOWN MD
|
| The primary objective of the study was to evaluate the use of several biomonitoring systems for hazard/risk assessment of potentially contaminated waters and sediment-associated contaminants at U.S. Army Installations. An array of toxicity tests structured in a tiered framework, which ranged from a rapid acute test of 5 minutes in duration to a 9-month chronic carcinogencity assays was evaluated. Both aqueous and sediment phase tests were evaluated. ... |
|
| Biointerfaces for Two-way Communication to Assess Hazards in the AquaticEnvironment |
01 NOV 1999 |
34 pages |
| Authors:
Alan Rudolph; ARMY CENTER FOR ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH FORT DETRICK MD
|
| In October 1998, a workshop sponsored by the Defense Advanced Research Program Agency (DARPA) convened to discuss the potential for using instrumented aquatic sentinel species to transmit or bring back information relevant to environmental and human health hazards in geographical regions of concern. Workshop participants, including experts in the fields of ecology, toxicology, telemetry, animal behavior, and sensor technology, discussed research on tracking free-ranging ... |
|
| Evaluation of Biomonitoring Systems for Assessment of Contaminated Waters and Sediments at U.S. Army Installations |
OCT 1999 |
49 pages |
| Authors:
Dennis T. Burton; MARYLAND UNIV QUEENSTOWN AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION
|
| Dilsopropyl methyiphosphonate (DIMP) was found in the vicinity of the Building E3640 Process Laboratory (Building E3640) during a Remedial Investigation! Feasibility Study (Rl/FS) for the Canal Creek Study Area of the Aberdeen Proving Ground - Edgewood Area. DIMP occurred in 13 of 15 subsurface soil samples at the site. The concentrations ranged from a minimum of 0.07 up to a maximum of 4.8 mg!kg (dry wt.). DIMP was also found ... |
|
| Evaluation of Biomonitoring Systems for Assessment of Contaminated Waters and Sediments at U.S. Army Installations |
SEP 1999 |
125 pages |
| Authors:
Dennis T. Burton; Steven D. Turley; MARYLAND UNIV QUEENSTOWN AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION
|
| Diisopropyl methylphosphonate (DIMP) is present in the surficial groundwater in the vicinity of the Building E3640 Process Laboratory at the U.S. Army Aberdeen proving Ground-Edgewood Area, Aberdeen, Maryland. The acute and chronic toxicity of DIMP and the possible interactions of DIMP with other contaminants that may be present in the groundwater and the parent compound were both evaluated using the following bioassay systems: 96-h green algal ... |
|
| The Biochemistry of Primary Attachment in the Serpulid Larvae Hydroides Elegans |
01 JAN 1999 |
4 pages |
| Authors:
J. H. Waite; DELAWARE UNIV NEWARK COLL OF MARINE STUDIES
|
| The serpulid polychaete, Hydroides elegans, is a prominent fouling organism in tropical marine waters. Fouling is first caused by the formation of an unmineralized primary tube and thread by settling larvae. This is replaced by a mineralized secondary attachment tube during metamorphosis. Biochemical analysis of the primary and secondary tubes suggests a composition rich in acidic amino acids and glycine. Dopa is transiently present in new growth. The latter finding, ... |
|
| Bioluminescent Bioassay System. |
24 NOV 1998 |
|
| Authors:
Hugh D. Copeland; David Lapota; Dena E. Rosenberger; Gary F. Mastny; DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY WASHINGTON DC
|
| A system for measuring toxicity levels of a solution includes a water proof sample container transparent to visible light which holds an aqueous test solution containing bioluminescent organisms. A light tight chamber has a cavity which holds the sample container and includes a light port. A stress generating system positioned in the sample container generates pressure pulses which stimulate the organisms to generate light emissions. A light detector system mounted ... |
|
| Entrainment by Hydraulic Dredges - A Review of Potential Impacts |
OCT 1998 |
14 pages |
| Authors:
Kevin J. Reine; Douglas G. Clarke; Robert M. Engler; ARMY ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION VICKSBURG MS ENVIRONMENTAL LAB
|
| Effects of entrainment by hydraulic dredging operations on aquatic organisms have been and continue to be an issue of environmental concern. Clearly, assessment of actual impacts due to entrainment pose severe technical challenges. Studies to date illustrate the difficulties in determining precise estimates of absolute entrainment rates and have seldom been able to determine population-level consequences with any degree of confidence. Placing mortalities due to entrainment by dredges into a ... |
|
| Toxicity of Military Unique Compounds in Aquatic Organisms: An Annotated Bibliography (Studies Published Through 1996) |
APR 1998 |
94 pages |
| Authors:
ARMY ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION VICKSBURG MS
|
| This report contains information on the effects of military unique compounds on aquatic organisms. Over 100 published studies were assimilated from various on-line databases. For each study a full citation, followed by a complete abstract, database accession number, and keyword list, is provided. An alphabetized appendix containing hundreds of military-related keywords, along with corresponding authors' names, is included. |
|
| Control of Benthic Processes by Oxygen and Topography |
10 NOV 97 |
2 pages |
| Authors:
Lisa A. Levin; SCRIPPS INSTITUTION OF OCEANOGRAPHY LA JOLLA CA MARINE LIFE RESEARCH GROUP
|
| Studies of bathyal settings in the Pacific and Indian Oceans indicate that macrobenthic communities are strongly influenced by abiotic factors including topography-induced flow, substrate mobility, bottom-water oxygen availability and organic-matter inputs. Mensurative and manipulative experiments conducted on Fieberling Guyot demonstrated that infaunal species composition, lifestyles, living positions, and colonization rates and mechanisms vary with sediment transport regime. Studies of the benthic fauna within oxygen minimum zones of the Oman margin ... |
|
| Zebra Mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) Control Handbook for Facility Operators; First Edition |
JUN 97 |
95 pages |
| Authors:
Shawn F. Boelman; Frank M. Neilson; Elba A. Dardeau Jr.; Thomas Cross; ARMY ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION VICKSBURG MS ENVIRONMENTAL LAB
|
| In 1988, a ship discharged its ballast water into Lake St. Clair, Michigan, releasing billions of organisms that it had taken on at a freshwater port in Europe. In the ballast were the larvae of a freshwater mollusc, the zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha). This small mussel is usually no more than 5 cm long with characteristic zebra-like stripes (Figure 1). The zebra mussel is native to the Caspian Sea and ... |
|
| Hydrodynamic Facilitation and Constraint of Dispersal between Isolated Habitats |
MAY 97 |
|
| Authors:
Lauren S. Mullineaux; WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INST MA BIOLOGY DEPT
|
| The specific goal of this AASERT project is to use molecular techniques to resolve phylogenetic questions within the anthozoans (phylum Cnidaria). The study focuses on current controversies over the ordinal divisions within the Subclass Octocorallia, and the subclass divisions within the Class Anthozoa. To date, fill sequences of the 188 rRNA gene have been generated for 51 specimens collected fresh or obtained preserved from museum collections. Preliminary analyses of octocoral ... |
|
| Toxicity of Hydrolyzed Chemical Agents to Aquatic Organisms |
MAR 1997 |
23 pages |
| Authors:
M. V. Haley; C. W. Kurnas; J. A. Ware; EDGEWOOD RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT AND ENGINEERING CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUNDMD
|
| At the U.S. Army Edgewood Research, Development and Engineering Center (ERDEC), over 25,000 gal of solution containing agent breakdown products are disposed of each year through costly incineration and/or contractor disposal. Researchers investigated the toxicity of hydrolyzed/neutralized agents to determine if less restrictive disposal methods could be used. This research involved screening hydrolyzed agents in various media to determine their toxicity to selected aquatic organisms. Agents were hydrolyzed in 18% ... |
|
| Ice Harbor Lock and Dam Lake Sacajawea, Washington. Feature Design Memorandum Number 34 - Spillway Deflectors |
SEP 96 |
282 pages |
| Authors:
CORPS OF ENGINEERS WALLA WALLA WA WALLA WALLA DISTRICT
|
| River flows passed through the spillways of the dams located on the lower Columbia and lower Snake Rivers produce water that is supersaturated with dissolved gases. These high levels of dissolved gases are detrimental to aquatic life. In the 1970's, spillway deflectors were installed on the spillways of several U.S. Army Corps of Engineers' projects (Bonneville, McNary, Lower Monumental, Little Goose, and Lower Granite Dams) to reduce the high levels ... |
|
| Shipping Study II. Biological Invasions by Nonindigenous Species in United States Waters: Quantifying the Role of Ballast Water and Sediments, Parts I and II |
JUL 96 |
164 pages |
| Authors:
L. D. Smith; Marjorie J. Wonham; Linda D. McCann; Donald M. Reid; James T. Carlton; WILLIAMS COLL MYSTIC CT MARITIME STUDIES PROGRAM
|
| This study examines the roles of ballast water and ballast sediments from foreign ports as methods for the transport and release of nonindigenous species in the United States coastal and aquatic ecosystems. It specifically assesses the types of vessels arriving to ports in Chesapeake Bay and the amount of ballast water discharged. It compares the physical and chemical characterization of arriving ballast water and site discharge, as well as the ... |
|
| Integrated Use of Fluridone and a Fungal Pathogen for Control of Hydrilla |
JUN 96 |
14 pages |
| Authors:
Michael D. Netherland; Judy F. Schearer; ARMY ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION VICKSBURG MS ENVIRONMENTAL LAB
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| Combinations of the herbicide fluridone (1-methyl-3-phenyl-5-3- (TRIFLUOROMETHYL) PHENYL-4(1H)-pyridinone! and the microbial pathogen Mycoleptodiscus terrestris (Gerdemann) Ostazeski (Mt) were tested for efficacy under controlled-environment conditions against dioecious hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle). Fluridone rates of 2, 5, and 12 micrograms/L, Mt rates of 25, 50, 100, and 200 colony forming units (CFU) per milliliter, and integrated treatments of 2, 5, and 12 micrograms/L + 100 and 200 CFU/ml, and 12 micrograms/L ... |
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| Environmental Effects of Dredging. Grain Size and Total Organic Carbon Effects on Benthic Organisms |
MAR 96 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
Jerre G. Sims; ARMY ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION VICKSBURG MS
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| The purpose of this technical note is to document the effects of grain size and total organic carbon (TOC) on benthic organisms and evaluate those effects in terms of their potential to confound the results of dredged material bioassays. Sediment toxicity tests must be able to assess the effects of sediment-associated contaminants without the influence of nontreatment factors (that is, sediment, grain size, sediment TOC, ammonia toxicity, etc.). While nontreatment ... |
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| Field and Laboratory Studies of the Fungus Mycoleptodiscus Terrestris as a Potential Agent for Management of the Submersed Aquatic Macrophyte Hydrilla Verticillata |
JAN 96 |
33 pages |
| Authors:
Judy F. Shearer; ARMY ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION VICKSBURG MS ENVIRONMENTAL LAB
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| Laboratory and field studies were undeflaken to assess the potential of a fungal pathogen as a biocontrol agent for the management of Hydrilla verticillata (L. fil.) Royle. The pathogen previously reported to be Macrophornina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid was positively identified as a strain of Mycoleptodiscus terrestris (Gerd.) Ostazeski. Laboratory tests reconfirmed that M. terrestris produced characteristic disease symptoms on hydrilla tissues followed by a significant reduction in aboveground biomass. Assessment ... |
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| Evaluation of Biomonitoring Systems for Assessment of Contaminated Waters and Sediments at U.S. Army Installations |
NOV 95 |
1189 pages |
| Authors:
Dennis T. Burton; Randall S. Herriott; Steven D. Turley; WYE RESEARCH AND EDUCATION CENTER QUEENSTOWN MD
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| ) Contaminated groundwater, which contained multiple heavy metals and chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons, from the Canal Creek aquifer (well CC-27B) of the U.S. Army Aberdeen Proving Ground-Edgewood Area, Aberdeen, Maryland, was evaluated for toxicity to aquatic organisms. Toxicity was detected at various groundwater concentrations by 6 of 8 biomonitoring systems. The lowest concentration of groundwater that caused no observable adverse effect (NOEC) at pH 4 was 10% ground water by volume ... |
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