| Structure-Function Studies of Native and Recombinant Fish Antifreeze Proteins |
16 MAR 2000 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
Chi-Hing C. Cheng-DeVries; Arthur L. DeVries; ILLINOIS UNIV AT URBANA DEPT OF MOLECULAR AND INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY
|
 | This project investigates the structures of several fish antifreeze proteins, and how they interact with ice crystals and inhibit ice growth. Formation of hexagonal pit formation on ice crystal basal plane in the presence of fish antifreeze proteins was examined with two-photon fluorescence imaging which showed binding of antifreeze glycoproteins molecules on pit faces; the origin of pit development presumably stems from antifreeze adsorption on ... |
|
| Structure/Function Studies of Insect Antifreeze Proteins |
31 DEC 1997 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
John G. Duman; NOTRE DAME UNIV IN DEPT OF BIOLOGICALSCIENCES
|
| Antifreeze proteins (AEPs) from overwintering larvae of the beetle Dendroides canadensis are the most active AFPs known. Thirteen similar AFPs were purified and characterized. These consist of varying numbers of 12 and 13 mer repeating units with the consensus sequence Cys-Thr-X3-Ser-x5-x6-Cys-X8-X9-Ala- X11-Th-X13 where X3 and X1 tend toward charged residues, X5 toward threonine or serine, X9 toward asparagine or aspartate, X6 toward asparagine or lysine, and ... |
|
| Alaska Propylene Glycol Field Demonstration |
MAR 97 |
30 pages |
| Authors:
Dwayne Davis; TACOM RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT AND ENGINEERING CENTER WARREN MI
|
| The use of propylene glycol (PG) base antifreeze in military vehicles is being evaluated. Following a successful field demonstration of a formulated Propylene Glycol Antifreese (PGAF) at Ft. Bliss TX, a follow on demonstration was conducted at Ft. Wainwright near Fairbanks AK. This demonstration was to assess the performance of PGAF in cold temperature environments. Tactical vehicles were used for this demonstration. |
|
| Single Reinhibition Additive Package for Use with Certified Military Antifreeze Recycling Systems |
FEB 96 |
22 pages |
| Authors:
Dwayne Davis; TACOM RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT AND ENGINEERING CENTER WARREN MI
|
| To decrease the cost of recycling Military Specification antifreeze MIL-A-46153, several prototype antifreeze additive formulation's are examined with two (2) previously approved commercial recycling systems to determine a single reinhibition additive package which can be used with both recycling systems. Prior to this investigation each of the approved recycling systems employed proprietary additive packages which invariably add to the cost of recycling used military antifreeze. |
|
| Propylene Glycol Antifreeze Study |
FEB 96 |
31 pages |
| Authors:
Dwayne Davis; TACOM RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT AND ENGINEERING CENTER WARREN MI
|
| The use of propylene glycol (PC) base antifreeze in military vehicles is examined. Two approaches of adopting PG antifreeze into military maintenance practices are studied. The approaches include the use of a design specification and the use of a performance specification. For the design approach, a prototype PG antifreeze is field tested in several military vehicles. For the performance approach, five (5) commercial PG antifreezes are subjected to standard laboratory ... |
|
| Propylene Glycol Antifreeze Study |
FEB 96 |
30 pages |
| Authors:
Dwayne Davis; TACOM RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT AND ENGINEERING CENTER WARREN MI
|
| The use of propylene glycol (PG) base antifreeze in military vehicles is examined. Two approaches of adopting PG antifreeze into military maintenance practices are studied. The approaches include the use of a design specification and the use of a performance specification. For the design approach, a prototype PG antifreeze is field tested in several military vehicles. For the performance approach, five (5) commercial PG antifreezes are subjected to standard laboratory ... |
|
| The Use of Automotive Glycol Antifreeze Test Strips for Determining the Freeze Point Glycol-Based Aircraft Deicing Fluid |
APR 95 |
19 pages |
| Authors:
Edward J. Pugacz; Charles O. Masters; FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION TECHNICAL CENTER ATLANTIC CITY NJ
|
| This Technical Note documents a series of tests performed to determine the accuracy of automotive glycol antifreeze test strips when used measure to the freeze point of glycol-based deicing and anti-icing fluids. Also employed in the tests was a refractometer, the currently accepted method used to determine de/anti-icing fluid freeze points. Varying concentrations of water and de/anti-icing fluid were used to provide a variety of test freeze points. The results ... |
|
| Military Antifreeze Recycling Study (2nd) |
MAY 94 |
43 pages |
| Authors:
Dwayne Davis; TACOM RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT AND ENGINEERING CENTER WARREN MI
|
| Four commercial uscd antifreeze recycling systems are tested with used ML-A-46153 antifreeze. Evaluation consisted of performing standard engine coolant on recycled antifreeze recovered from each recycling system. Successful systems were accepted for military use. -BKA |
|
| An Evaluation of Three Commercial Processes for Recycling used Military Antifreeze MIL-A-46153 |
JUN 92 |
|
| Authors:
Dwyane Davis; ARMY BELVOIR RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT AND ENGINEERING CENTER FORT BELVOIR VA
|
 | The Belvoir Research, Development and Engineering Center (BRDEC) was requested by the USAF to assist in evaluating the effectiveness of commercially offered used antifreeze recycling systems. BRDEC was solicited for assistance because of its mission responsibility for military antifreeze and because it is the preparing activity for an under MIL-A-46153. This report evaluates three commercial recycling systems using antifreeze samples collected and processed at both Tyndall AFB, FL, and McConnell ... |
|
| Laboratory Evaluation of Commercial Antifreezes |
SEP 86 |
|
| Authors:
James H. Conley; Robert G. Jamison; ARMY BELVOIR RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT AND ENGINEERING CENTER FORT BELVOIR VA
|
| The object of this study was to investigate the potential corrosion problems when commercial antifreezes are mixed with each other and with the military antifreeze MIL-A-46153. Results show that corrosion-inhibiting properties of commercial antifreezes have been improved. Mixtures of commercial antifreezes, however, are still less than adequate. Keywords: Antifreeze compatibility, Composition specifications, Performance specifications. |
|
| Antifreeze Production and Cold-Tolerance in Overwintering Purple Martin Fleas, Ceratophyllus idius Jordan and Rothschild |
AUG 86 |
|
| Authors:
Douglas P. Schelhaas; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH
|
| Ceratophyllus idius is an ectoparasite of purple martins (Progne subis) and commonly inhabits the nest material of these birds. In the Upper Midwest, purple martins migrate in late August and return in mid- or late April. Despite the host's absence and harsh northern winters, a portion of the adult flea population survives to reinfest returning birds. This study was designed to: 1) examine the possible roles of sorbitol and trehalose ... |
|
| Development of a High-Temperature Coolant for Advanced Diesel Engines |
NOV 84 |
|
| Authors:
I. S. Rhee; ARMY BELVOIR RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER FORT BELVOIR VA
|
| This study sought to develop a high-temperature coolant for future advanced military diesel engines capable of operating at high temperatures (up to 150 C). The desirable coolant for high-temperature application must have a high boiling point, a low freezing point, good thermal properties (specific heat and thermal conductivity) and must be able to protect the various metals of the cooling system and the engine components against corrosion. In order to ... |
|
| Status of the Development of a Long-Life Engine Coolant System |
NOV 1983 |
|
| Authors:
J. H. Conley; C. I. Collins; ARMY BELVOIR RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER FORT BELVOIR VA
|
| The objective of this study is to evaluate two prototype long-life coolant systems in actual vehicle tests. The systems utilize an electronic coolant condition sensor in conjunction with either the newly developed MIL-A- 53009 Extender Additive or a commercial spin-on filter/conditioner unit. Both systems were started with an antifreeze with a partially depleted inhibitor system. Results show that, to date, there has been no apparent depletion of the additive systems ... |
|
| Development of an Accelerated Corrosion Test for Screening Antifreeze Compounds |
FEB 1982 |
|
| Authors:
James H. Conley; Robert G. Jamison; ARMY MOBILITY EQUIPMENT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT COMMAND FORT BELVOIR VA
|
| The objective of this study was to develop an accelerated laboratory corrosion test for screening all antifreeze compounds, eliminating the need to conduct the costly and time-consuming simulated service test. The results of this phase of research indicate that this new accelerated bench corrosion test may replace the simulated service test. (Author) |
|
| NaNO2-NaSO4 Combined Additive in Cold Concrete. |
MAY 1979 |
|
| Authors:
COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER NH
|
| Experiments were conducted in which NaNO2, Na2SO4 and N(C2H4OH)3 were added to cold concrete to prevent freezing and promote strengthening. NaNO2 was added in an amount equal to 13.3% of the water content of the concrete, and Na2SO4 and N(C2H4OH)3 in amounts equal to 3% and 0.03%, respectively, of the cement content. The concrete was kept from freezing at -10 C and the strength increased to over 60% of the ... |
|
| Development of an Antifreeze Extender and Water Inhibitor for Automotive Cooling Systems. |
DEC 1978 |
|
| Authors:
James H. Conley; Robert G. Jamison; ARMY MOBILITY EQUIPMENT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT COMMAND FORT BELVOIR VA
|
| The object of this study was to develop an inhibitor combination that when added to used antifreeze with depleted inhibitors (intended for disposal) would extend the use of the antifreeze for at least one year. It was further intended that this inhibitor combination would replace the presently used Federal Specification 0-I-490, 'Inhibitor, Corrosion, Liquid Cooling System' in water-cooled automotive cooling systems. Results of this study show that the inhibitor designated ... |
|
| Evaluation of Commercial Antifreezes. |
MAY 1978 |
|
| Authors:
James H. Conley; Robert G. Jamison; ARMY MOBILITY EQUIPMENT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT COMMAND FORT BELVOIR VA
|
| The object of this study was to investigate the potential of corrosion problems when commercial antifreezes are mixed between themselves or with the military antifreeze MIL-A-46153. Results show that even though some commercial antifreezes give adequate corrosion protection by themselves, mixtures are less than adequate. In most instances the mixtures corrode one or more of the common cooling system metals. (Author) |
|
| Reclaiming Used Antifreeze. |
MAR 1976 |
|
| Authors:
James H. Conley; Robert G. Jamison; ARMY MOBILITY EQUIPMENT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT COMMAND FORT BELVOIR VA
|
| A potential shortage of ethylene glycol base antifreeze raised questions as to whether its useful life could be extended or whether it could be reclaimed. This study covers two approaches. One approach covers a three-step plan to remove contaminants from the antifreeze and reinhibit it for use. The other approach involves adding reinhibitors directly to untreated used antifreeze. Data indicate that it is possible to restore used antifreeze to an ... |
|
| Concretes with Antifreeze Admixtures (Primente Betonov s Protivonioroane Dobavkami), |
NOV 1974 |
|
| Authors:
A. V. Golubov; V. S. Samchenko; E. E. Melamed; P. V. Boiko; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER N H
|
| During the performance of concreting tasks in the winter of 1971-72, in the construction of facilities in the Kakhovskaya irrigation system and the Northern Crimean Canal, antifreeze admixtures were introduced, assuring the necessary conditions for its hardening at negative temperatures. The introduction into concrete, of both the combined and the single component antifreeze admixture promotes an appreciable prolonged improvement in the convenient pouring quality of the concrete mixture. The use ... |
|
| Research on Concretes and Mortars with Anti-Freeze Additives for Bridge Construction, |
16 JAN 1974 |
|
| Authors:
P. S. Kostyaev; E. S. Odintsov; T. A. Petropavlovskaya; E. N. Pochernyaeva; A. I. Kofman; ARMY FOREIGN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY CENTER CHARLOTTESVILLE VA
|
| The paper reports on investigation of addition of CaCl2 + NaCl, K2CO3 and CaCl2 to concretes and mortars for bridge construction as antifreeze agents. The strength of concretes and mortars as functions of the water-cement ratio, without various additives was studied and data are presented in the report. The strength of adhesion of cold mortars to the concrete, the deformation properties of concretes with K2CO3 additive and the effect of ... |
|
| Evaluation of a Freezing Point Test Kit for Antifreeze. |
SEP 1972 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
Charles B. Jordan; ARMY COATING AND CHEMICAL LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| The objects of the study was to evaluate a test kit for the determination of the freezing point of antifreeze solutions in the field. The kit consists of a plastic strip 3-1/4 inch by 1/4 inch with a dry reagent pad 1/4-inch square attached to one end. The reagent pad is chemically impregnated so that it changes color when dipped into various concentrations of ethylene glycol. The kit was tested ... |
|
| Development of a Single Package Antifreeze Compound. |
JUL 1972 |
|
| Authors:
James H. Conley; Charles B. Jordan; ARMY COATING AND CHEMICAL LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| The object of this study was to develop a one package, single phase inhibited antifreeze which could be packaged and stored for periods up to two years without deterioration of the antifreeze or corrosion of the container. Ethylene glycol type antifreeze and several inhibitor combinations that were known to impart good corrosion protection characteristics to automotive cooling systems were screened by glassware bench corrosion tests. The more promising compounds were ... |
|
| Evaluation of Antileak Antifreezes. |
NOV 1971 |
|
| Authors:
Charles B. Jordan; ARMY COATING AND CHEMICAL LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| The object of the study was to determine the effectiveness of antileak antifreezes and determine if they warrant consideration for use in military vehicles. Existing laboratory test procedures for stop leak additives were screened and none were found to be applicable to the evaluation of recently marketed antileak antifreezes. The test procedure was modified to include test panels with aperatures for smaller particle sizes found in the antileak additives and ... |
|
| THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN ANTI-FREEZE TYPE COOLANT FOR THE BATTLEFIELD ILLUMINATION AIRBORNE SUBSYSTEM (BIAS). |
FEB 1970 |
|
| Authors:
sidney allinikov; William J. Crawford; AIR FORCE MATERIALS LAB WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OHIO
|
| The development and testing of the Battlefield Illuminator Airborne System (BIAS) was severely hampered by degradation products forming in the water coolant and on the Xenon lamps. The consequent interference with heat transfer and loss of light output resulted in only very short durations of system operation. The report describes the analysis and investigations performed to determine the sources of the problem. It is shown that a .03% sodium tetraborate ... |
|
| RAPID ANALYSIS OF ANTIFREEZE USING GAS-LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY. |
APR 1969 |
|
| Authors:
George G. Esposito; Robert C. Jamison; ARMY COATING AND CHEMICAL LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| Glycols and glycol ethers are used as freezing point depressants in permanent type antifreeze formulations, the type and amount being dictated by environmental conditions. The formulation and maintenance of a suitable antifreeze for automotive application, imposes the need for test methods that are capable of determining the composition of concentrates as well as used antifreeze. The report describes an analytical procedure which is consonant for the identification and determination of ... |
|
| STORAGE OF ETHYLENE GLYCOL ANTIFREEZE IN UNLINED TIN CONTAINERS |
JUL 1968 |
17 pages |
| Authors:
James H. Conley; COATING AND CHEMICAL LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| The object of this study was to investigate the effect of pH on the package stability of mercaptobenzothiozole-borax inhibited ethylene glycol antifreeze compounds. The antifreeze compounds were packaged in unlined tin plated containers for a two-year period. Results show that antifreeze compounds with pH values below 10.3 caused corrosion in less than six months. Containers filled with compounds having pH values above 10.3 showed some corrosion in one year and ... |
|
| Investigation of Use of Antifreeze Compounds in Concrete and Mortar. |
MAR 1967 |
|
| Authors:
Clara F. Darrington; ARMY ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION VICKSBURG MISS
|
| Numerous admixtures have reportedly been used with varying degrees of success to control damage to concretes and mortars subjected to freezing temperatures during placement. The most widely used admixtures for cold-eather concreting are calcium chloride (CaCl2), sodium chloride (NaCl), or a combination of these two materials. CaCl2 and NaCl appear to be more effective in combination than separately. The amount of CaCl2 and NaCl for successful cold-weather concreting increases as ... |
|
| PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION OF THE TEMPERATURE-FLOW-CORROSION UNIT AS A TOOL FOR COOLANT EVALUATION |
JUN 1966 |
21 pages |
| Authors:
James H. Conley; COATING AND CHEMICAL LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| The object of the study was to make a preliminary investigation of the Temperature-Flow-Corrosion Unit as a tool for the laboratory testing of automotive coolants. Nine 500 hour tests were conducted using antifreeze meeting Federal Specification 0-A-548a with and without added inhibitors. Results correlating those received in simulated service and glassware bench tests were obtained in three instances. Mechanical failure and improper functioning of electronic instruments minimized the use of ... |
|
| INVESTIGATION OF ORGANIC PHOSPHATES AS CORROSION INHIBITORS FOR COOLANTS |
JUN 1966 |
25 pages |
| Authors:
Janes H. Conley; COATING AND CHEMICAL LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| The object of the study was to investigate the use of organic phosphates as corrosion inhibitors in coolant formulations. Glassware bench corrosion tests and simulated service tests were conducted on various organic acid phosphates in combination with other inhibitors such as sodium tetraborate (borax), sodium metaborate and sodium mercaptobenzothiazole (NACAP). Test data showed that these phosphates when exposed to hard water form non-crystalline precipitates that offer no deleterious effect to ... |
|
| SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF NITRITE ESTERS AND SALTS IN COOLANT MEDIA. |
09 AUG 1965 |
|
| Authors:
Jules B. Counts; ARMY COATING AND CHEMICAL LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| The method is based on the reduction of yellow ceric salts by nitrites, and the subsequent loss of color is employed as a means of estimating the percentage of nitrite. The absorption of visible light at 400 millimicrons by the reduced ceric solution is chosen as the wavelength for quantitative colorimetric measurements. After removal of dye this wavelength is free of interference from other antifreeze consituents normally found in current ... |
|
| NEW CORROSION INHIBITORS FOR ANTIFREEZES |
16 JAN 1964 |
23 pages |
| Authors:
Charles B. Jordan; COATING AND CHEMICAL LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| The object of this study was to conduct a preliminary investigation of newly developed corrosion inhibitors and inhibitor combinations for use in automotive coolants. Bench corrosion tests were conducted on the following inhibitors in water and ethylene glycol/water solutions: sodium tetraborate/ propylene glycol condensate, the double condensate of sodium tetraborate with propylene glycol and butynediol, and Specification 0-1-490 inhibitor modified by adding disodium phosphate and increasing the mercaptobenzothiazole content. Many ... |
|
| COMPATIBILITY OF COOLANTS WITH AUTOMOTIVE COOLING SYSTEMS CONTAINING ALUMINUM COMPONENTS |
24 JUN 1963 |
22 pages |
| Authors:
Charles B. Jordan; COATING AND CHEMICAL LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| The object of this investigation was to determine whether or not current military coolants were compatible with aluminum automotive cooling system components. Bench corrosion tests were used to predict the effect of the antifreeze compounds on cooling system metals. Several coolant and inhibitor combinations were then evaluated in simulated vehicle circulation units containing aluminum components in conjunction with standard cooling system metals. It was concluded that the presence of aluminum ... |
|
| The Behavior of Water in Jet Fuels and the Clogging of Micronic Filters at Low Temperatures |
11 JAN 1950 |
48 pages |
| Authors:
John A. Krynitsky; John W. Crellin; Homer W. Carhart; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC
|
| A study of the behavior of water in fuels, and its effect on the clogging of micronic type filters, especially at low temperatures has been made. A method for the determination of water in fuels using the Karl Fischer reagent has been developed and used in the determination of the solubility of water in several fuels and pure hydrocarbons from 32 deg F to 120 deg F. The effect of ... |
|
Reports by Keyword(s)
*ANTIFREEZES
