SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY INC HAWTHORNE CALIF

Wiener-Hopf Approaches to Regulator, Filter/Observer, and Optimal Coupler Problems.

JAN 1980

Authors: Richard F. Whitbeck; SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY INC HAWTHORNE CALIF

The full text of this report is not available and therefore is not for sale. This information is provided for reference purposes only.

Most approaches to optimal linear stochastic control problems depend on time domain techniques for both their theoretical foundations and for computational algorithms. In contrast, this paper discusses innovations based on classical transform domain Wiener-Hopf theory. These innovations avoid several difficulties occurring in time domain solutions (e.g., those which arise in connection with singular regulator and filter problems). Emphasis will be upon solution techniques and properties in distinction to derivations. The ...

Development of VTOL Flying Qualities Criteria for Low Speed and Hover.

DEC 1979

Authors: Roger H. Hoh; Irving L. Ashkenas; SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY INC HAWTHORNE CALIF

A classification scheme has been developed to account for outside visual cues and cockpit displays in determining the required equivalent system forms for low speed and hover. Tentative criteria are presented in terms of a visibility scale which quantifies environmental conditions for the intended mission in a more fine-grained manner than simply specifying IMC or VMC. There are indications that rate and attitude systems may be used for partial IMC ...

Manned Engineering Flight Simulation Validation. Part II. Software User's Guide.

FEB 1979

Authors: Susan A. Riedel; SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY INC HAWTHORNE CALIF

The goal of this research is to establish an orderly, relatively simple method for optimizing the presentation of motion cues in moving base simulations. This is accomplished via choice of the drive logic parameters for a given simulator and flying task. The method developed here is based upon use of motion fidelity criteria. It has been applied to optimize the LAMARS motion base drive logic parameters for an air-to-ground scenario. ...

Manned Engineering Flight Simulation Validation. Part I. Simulation Requirements and Simulator Motion System Performance.

FEB 1979

Authors: L. G. Hofmann; Susan A. Riedel; SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY INC HAWTHORNE CALIF

A Study of the Effects of Aircraft Dynamic Characteristics on Structural Loads Criteria.

NOV 1978

Authors: Robert L. Stapleford; Richard J. DiMarco; SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY INC HAWTHORNE CALIF

The study reported herein examined the potential effects of aircraft dynamic characteristics on structural loads criteria. The study included an analysis of in-flight airframe failure accidents which occurred during a ten-year period, 1966-1975. A number of potentially contributing factors, including stability and control characteristics and handling qualities, were examined and correlated with the accident data. The study also covered a review of proposed criteria for continuous gusts and a comparison ...

Digital Control Law Synthesis in the w' Domain.

OCT 1978

Authors: R. F. Whitbeck ; L. G. Hofmann; SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY INC HAWTHORNE CALIF

Analysis of Digital Flight Control Systems with Flying Qualities Applications. Volume II: Technical Report.

SEP 1978

Authors: Richard F. Whitbeck; L. G. Hofmann; SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY INC HAWTHORNE CALIF

Revisitation and extension of classical sampled data approaches for the analysis of discretely controlled continuous systems is the focus of this report. A review of basic linear analysis topics required to support later developments is given. These topics include Laplace, z- and advanced z-transform facts; partial fraction expansion; data holds and the switch decomposition technique. Extension of switch decomposition for the vector signal case is given. The w'-domain is defined ...

Analysis of Digital Flight Control Systems with Flying Qualities Applications. Volume I. Executive Summary.

SEP 1978

Authors: Richard F. Whitbeck; SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY INC HAWTHORNE CALIF

An Introduction to V/STOL Technology Affecting The Pilot's Role.

DEC 1977

Authors: Robert F. Ringland; SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY INC HAWTHORNE CALIF

This report provides introductory material on the aerodynamics, propulsion, and flight control for V/STOL aircraft. Certain basic aspects of V/STOL technology and hardware are outlined, and deficiencies in past V/STOL aircraft which adversely impact the pilot's performance are discussed. The report is intended to provide background material on the human factors aspects of future V/STOL aircraft development.

Identification of Minimum Acceptable Characteristics for Manual STOL Flight Path Control. Volume I. Summary Report.

JUN 1976

Authors: Roger H. Hoh; Samuel J. Craig; Irving L. Ashkenas; SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY INC HAWTHORNE CALIF

Characteristics of powered lift STOL airplanes that lead to unacceptable flight path control for approach and landing are identified. Most of the findings are based on the results of a piloted ground based simulator program. However, a short variable stability flight test program was conducted to allow interpretation of the simulation landing results in light of a flight environment. This report (Volume I) contains a comprehensive summary of the overall ...

Identification of Minimum Acceptable Characteristics for Manual STOL Flight Path Control. Volume III. Detailed Analyses and Tested Vehicle Characteristics.

JUN 1976

Authors: Roger H. Hoh; Samuel J. Craig; Irving L. Ashkenas; SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY INC HAWTHORNE CALIF

This report presents the detailed results and analysis procedures utilized to identify minimally acceptable flight path control characteristics of powered lift STOL airplanes. Deficiencies in flight path control are identified via closed loop analysis of describing function results obtained during the simulation. Unacceptable characteristics for flare and landing are identified from correlations of pilot rating and commentary with key parameters obtained from closed loop pilot-vehicle analysis. A more concise summary ...

A Model for Human Pilot Behavior During Wake Vortex Encounter Upsets.

APR 1976

Authors: Walter A. Johnson; Thomas T. Myers; SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY INC HAWTHORNE CALIF

A model for pilot behavior is needed to more completely analyze the consequences (including hazard assessment) of wake vortex encounter upsets during final approach. Such a model has been developed to describe a pilot's roll control behavior during a vortex upset. This model resulted from abstracting the salient characteristics of the many vortex encounters recorded during two moving-base piloted simulations at NASA Ames Research Center. The model allows for several ...

ILS Glide Slope Standards. Part II. Validation of Proposed Flight Inspection Filter Systems, and Responses of Simulated Aircraft on Coupled Approaches.

OCT 1975

254 pages

Authors: Lee Gregor Hofmann; John J. Shanahan; Dunstan Graham; SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY INC HAWTHORNE CALIF

The full text of this report is available for sale.

The standard aid to low visibility approach and landing in commercial aviation is the Instrument Landing System (ILS). Two radio beams (the 'Glide Slope' and the 'Localizer') are formed to guide an aircraft on the proper approach glide path and along the extended runway centerline in the landing direction. Part I of this report documents the results of using system simulation and analysis techniques to determine maximum levels for ILS ...

Modeling Biodynamic Effects of Vibration.

JUL 1975

Authors: R. E. Magdaleno; R. W. Allen; SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY INC HAWTHORNE CALIF

Research during the year included refinement of a General Frequency Model Identification (GERMID) program so as to efficiently fit structural model parameters to data. Structural model refinements including a detailed neuromuscular actuation system model form based on applying the GERMID parameter identification program to some direct neuromuscular system describing function data previously gathered was initiated. Head motion data was reduced, interpreted and compared with head and eye motion data from ...

Identification of Minimum Acceptable Characteristics for Manual STOL Flight Path Control. Volume II. STOL Aircraft Characteristics and Generic Model.

JUL 1975

Authors: Samuel J. Craig; Wayne F. Jewell; Robert L. Stapleford; SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY INC HAWTHORNE CALIF

This report contains an overview of the fundamental aspects of manual flight path control as they relate to existing STOL aircraft concepts. The interrelationship between performance capability, represented for example by the glide slope polar, and path dynamic stability and control are identified. Several examples of path control problems are illustrated to substantiate the analytical discussion. A review of contemporary STOL propulsive lift concepts is given and the design features ...

ILS Glide Slope Standards: Part I. A Review of Flight Inspection Standards Affecting Landing Performance and Comparison with Limits Evolved from System Analysis.

JUN 1975

304 pages

Authors: Lee Gregor Hofmann; Warren F. Clement; Dunstan Graham; Gary L. Teper; Bryon L. Wiscons; SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY INC HAWTHORNE CALIF

System analysis techniques are used to determine maximum levels for ILS Glide Slope beam structure characteristics which will result in acceptable approach and landing outcomes. Results are based upon a power spectral density signature for ILS Glide Slopes obtained from a nonstationary statistical analysis of flight inspection data for 17 Category II and II-training facilities. Maximum levels and standard deviation time historics for typical aircraft/control system response; indicated glide path ...

ILS Localizer Alignment and Structure Model.

MAY 1975

Authors: W. F. Clement; L. G. Hofmann; J. A. Klein; SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY INC HAWTHORNE CALIF

Nonstationary statistical analysis of flight inspection data for 13 Category II and Category II-training Localizer facilities is used to obtain statistical models for the Localizer alignment error and structure. Models for these two components of Localizer anomalies are given in terms of two linear differential equations and Gaussian probability density functions especially useful for landing system performance analysis. The structure component of the received Localizer guidance signal is found to ...

Investigation of Flying Qualities of Military Aircraft at High Angles of Attack. Volume II. Appendices.

JUN 1974

Authors: Donald E. Johnston; Jeffrey R. Hogge; Gary L. Teper; SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY INC HAWTHORNE CALIF

An investigation of handling qualities in stall-departure flight regimes has been conducted. The study involved key parameter identification, systems analysis and piloted simulation. The technical results and conclusions are detailed in Vol. I. This second volume contains support data in the form of appendices. These include equations of motion and the A-7 high angle of attack aerodynamic data used in the nonlinear six-degree-of-freedom digital simulation. It also contains stability derivatives ...

Investigation of Flying Qualities of Military Aircraft at High Angles of Attack. Volume I. Technical Results.

JUN 1974

Authors: Donald E. Johnston; Irving L. Ashkenas; Jeffrey R. Hogge; SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY INC HAWTHORNE CALIF

Attention has been focused on departure (e.g., nose slice, wing rock) and recovery of military aircraft as opposed to spin entry. The approach has been to analytically identify and validate key flying quality parameters, to qualitatively assess and verify these through piloted simulation, and to measure and quantify effects on key dynamic parameters of pilot describing functions.

AUG 1973

Authors: Irving L. Ashkenas; Roger H. Hoh; Samuel J. Craig; SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY INC HAWTHORNE CALIF

The document covers the results obtained in one phase of a continuing series of programs to update, expand and reorganize the requirements of MIL-F-8785(B), 'Flying Qualities of Piloted Airplanes'. The present studies concentrated on, and suggest revisions in, the requirements for heading control, airplane normal and failure states, and Category C short-period requirements.

An Assessment of the 'Paper Pilot' - An Analytical Approach to the Specification and Evaluation of Flying Qualities.

JUN 1972

Authors: Gary L. Teper; SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY INC HAWTHORNE CALIF

EERING), PERFORMANCE(HUMAN), MAN MACHINE SYSTEMS, SPECIFICATIONS, SIMULATIONEVALUATIONThe 'Paper Pilot' is an approach to flying qualities specification and evaluation based on pilot-vehicle system analysis. A fixed-base simulation program was conducted to test its application in the precision hover task. Pilot ratings and system performance measures and describing functions were obtained. An efficient technique was developed by which pilot model parameters were obtained from the describing function data. This provides a unique ...

Investigation of Measuring System Requirements for Low Visibility Landing.

DEC 1971

Authors: Lee Gregor Hofmann; Warren F. Clement; Dunstan Graham; Richard E. Blodgett; Kishor V. Shah; SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY INC HAWTHORNE CALIF

Two methods for determining measuring system requirements for instrument low visibility landing are described. These methods have been applied for analysis of two automatic landing systems using microwave scanning beam landing guidance. Results obtained from these analyses are presented and discussed in detail. (Author)

Display Format Effects on Precision Tracking Performance, Describing Functions, and Remnant.

AUG 1971

Authors: Henry R. Jex; R. Wade Allen; Raymond E. Magdaleno; SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY INC HAWTHORNE CALIF

As part of a program to develop a comprehensive theory of manual control displays, six display formats were used by three instrument-rated pilots to regulate against random disturbances with a controlled element of Y sub c = K/s(s + 2) (which requires mild lead equalization), under both foveal and 10 deg parafoveal viewing conditions. The six display formats were: CRT Line, CRT Thermometer Bar, 14-Bar Quantized on a CRT, a ...

Analysis of Limited Authority Manual Control System.

JUL 1971

251 pages

Authors: Lee Gregor Hofmann; Kishor V. Shah; Dunstan Graham; SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY INC HAWTHORNE CALIF

Systematic procedures for predicting pilot-vehicle-flight control system performance and proneness to pilot induced oscillations and instabilities are here developed and applied to examples. The systems analyzed have very limited maximum control surface rates and deflections. Performance analysis is by means of applying random input describing function theory to predict the root-mean-square level of key system variables as a function of the control surface rate and deflection limit levels. Acceptable limit ...

An Analysis of Navy Approach Power Compensator Problems and Requirements.

MAR 1971

Authors: S. J. Craig; R. F. Ringland; I. L. Ashkenas; SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY INC HAWTHORNE CALIF

Analyses of the current Navy Approach Power Compensator System (APCS) ARE MADE FOR MANUAL AND Automatic Carrier Landing System (ACLS) operations. Major problem areas are identified and these are correlated with the changes in the aircraft dynamic characteristics resulting from incorporation of the current APCS concept, which uses angle of attack, normal acceleration, and elevator deflection as input signals to control thrust. Root causes and basic limitations are developed using ...

Topics on Practical Application of Optimal Control to Single and Multiple Control-Point Flight Control Problems.

FEB 1971

Authors: Lee Gregor Hofmann; SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY INC HAWTHORNE CALIF

A cadre of techniques is assembled for applying frequency domain optimal control techniques for practical closed-loop controller synthesis. Main emphasis is placed upon obtaining an appropriate formulation of the problem, and upon realizing the optimal control with a reasonably low order closed-loop controller (without resorting to approximation of the control law). (Author)

Investigation of Measuring System Requirements for Instrument Low Visibility Approach.

FEB 1971

Authors: Dunstan Graham; Warren F. Clement; Lee Gregor Hofmann; SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY INC HAWTHORNE CALIF

A practical method of determining measuring system requirements for instrument low visibility approach is presented. The method is made to depend on system analysis of the airplane, its control system, and the guidance system, as well as on atmospheric turbulence inputs and radio guidance system fluctuation noise. Requirements on the system are set in terms of a low value of the accident exposure multiplier which is related to the probability ...

A Practical Optimization Design Procedure for Stability Augmentation Systems.

OCT 1970

Authors: R. L. Stapleford; D. T. McRuer; L. G. Hofmann; G. L. Teper; SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY INC HAWTHORNE CALIF

A systematic procedure for the design of aircraft stability augmentation systems is presented. The key features of this procedure are the selection of essential feedbacks from an examination of several handling quality metrics and the use of parameter optimization techniques to determine the numerical values of the SAS parameters. The optimization problem is structured to include both manual and SAS feedbacks. The cost function includes pilot tracking errors and SAS ...

DEVELOPMENT OF A CONTROLLER ELEMENT FOR COMPATIBLE OPERATOR CONTROL OF EARTHMOVING MACHINES.

MAR 1970

Authors: D. E. Johnston; D. H. Weir; R. F. Ringland; L. G. Hofmann; SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY INC HAWTHORNE CALIF

Manual control of dozing with an earthmoving tractor is studied to determine ways to modify the manipulator and control system properties to improve performance and reduce operator workload. The Universal Engineer Tractor is used as a numerical example. Linearized equations are derived for longitudinal and lateral motions which include manipulator and suspension properties, vehicle hull and blade dynamics, and terrain loads on the blade. The resultant detailed dynamic model is ...

A SYSTEMS ANALYSIS OF MANUAL CONTROL TECHNIQUES AND DISPLAY ARRANGEMENTS FOR INSTRUMENT LANDING APPROACHES IN HELICOPTERS. VOLUME I: SPEED AND HEIGHT REGULATION.

JUL 1969

Authors: Warren F. Clement; Lee Gregor Hofmann; SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY INC HAWTHORNE CALIF

A comprehensive theory for displays used in manual control systems is applied to the instrument-landing approach problem for helicopters. A single-articulated-rotor transport and a compound rigid-rotor attack helicopter serve as examples. A comparative analysis of manual control techniques for speed and height regulation in the approach is given. Suitable display arrangements and task performance are predicted for the better control techniques. The applications of the theory incorporate recent revisions for ...

ANALYSIS OF AIRCRAFT CARRIER MOTIONS IN A HIGH SEA STATE.

MAR 1969

Authors: W. A. Johnson; SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY INC HAWTHORNE CALIF

Carrier landing operations are often suspended due to severe deck motions. Attempts to compensate for deck motions require detailed knowledge of the nature of such motions over short time intervals (because of landing approach typically lasts only 30 sec). The report contains the results of examining ship motion amplitude and frequency characteristics over short time periods in rough sea conditions. Included are histograms and power spectral density plots of pertinent ...

RANDOM SAMPLING REMNANT THEORY APPLIED TO MANUAL CONTROL.

MAR 1969

Authors: Warren F. Clement; SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY INC HAWTHORNE CALIF

The theory comprises stochastic finite-dwell sampling among displays with continuous control output based on cardinal reconstruction theory. Random sampling remnant theory introduces the notion of stability in the mean-square sense in the operator's closed-loop tracking performance. A related regression of adopted crossover frequency is shown to be sensitive to the controller's sampling remnant. Foveal or parafoveal finite dwell sampling and intersample control output reconstruction suppress sampling remnant. A suppressed remnant ...

PILOT RATING TECHNIQUES FOR THE ESTIMATION AND EVALUATION OF HANDLING QUALITIES.

DEC 1968

Authors: John D. McDonnell; SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY INC HAWTHORNE CALIF

Although rating scales of varied forms have been widely used to estimate and evaluate handling qualities over the past decade, a number of deficiencies in both method and data base have been apparent. The investigation was aimed at overcoming many of these deficiencies by attempting to resolve the difficulties experienced with rating scales themselves, and by extending and adding to already existing relationships between ratings and pilot/vehicle system parameters. Rating ...

A SYSTEMS ANALYSIS THEORY FOR DISPLAYS IN MANUAL CONTROL.

JUN 1968

Authors: Duane McRuer; Henry R. Jex; Warren F. Clement; Dunstan Graham; SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY INC HAWTHORNE CALIF

A comprehensive theory for displays used in manual control systems is developed in servo analytic terms, and the process is illustrated by a tutorial example. The display-pilot-control-vehicle combination is treated as a multiloop feedback control system, using the notion that display system synthesis is fundamentally a guidance and control problem which involves human psychomotor activity. The elements of the theory comprise: a mission-phase definition; vehicle and environmental description in system-analytic ...

OPTIMIZATION OF LINEAR AND NONLINEAR SYSTEMS BY MINIMIZATION OF AUXILIARY EFFORT.

FEB 1968

Authors: Julian Wolkovitch; SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY INC HAWTHORNE CALIF

The optimization of control systems by an original method called 'minimization of auxiliary effort' (M.A.E.) is discussed. This method yields an approximation to the true optimum, which is defined as that system having a response which in a least-squares sense most closely approaches the specified 'desired' response. It is shown that M.A.E. can be applied to nonlinear and/or time-varying systems as well as linear constant-coefficient systems. For all these classes ...

ANALYTICAL REVIEW OF MILITARY HELICOPTER FLYING QUALITIES.

AUG 1967

Authors: R. P. Walton; I. L. Ashkenas; SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY INC HAWTHORNE CALIF

The report is directed at analysis and review of the current military helicopter flying qualities specification, MIL-H-8501A, and of the relevant published literature. The analytical approach rests primarily on servo-analysis of closed-loop piloting tasks and secondarily on open-loop response considerations, and such analysis and considerations are used as the basis for correlating and 'explaining' the available data. This process delineates those flying qualities criteria (either in the specification or proposed ...

CARDINAL RECONSTRUCTION THEORY: A TOOL FOR ESTIMATING EFFECTS OF DISPLAY SCANNING.

01 MAR 1967

Authors: Warren F. Clement; SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY INC HAWTHORNE CALIF

A review of sampling processes and forms of continuous signal reconstruction therefrom has revealed several forms which may be useful in modeling the average display scanning behavior of the human operator. The most promising form appears to be cardinal reconstruction. Low frequency approximations to the effective time delay for truncated cardinal reconstruction are only slightly less than for linear reconstruction. The influence of sampled first derivative and of sampled dwell ...

A REEXAMINATION OF EYE MOVEMENT DATA.

28 FEB 1967

Authors: Warren F. Clement; Dunstan Graham; John J. Best; SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY INC HAWTHORNE CALIF

An analysis is presented of aircraft pilot eye movement data obtained in the past by other investigators from piloted flight tests. This includes a comprehensive account and reanalysis of the data contained in several reports, by different investigators, and it suggests some features of a useful systems model which should be compatible with (i.e., 'explain') all, or nearly all, of these data. A review is presented of key contributions to ...

HUMAN PILOT DYNAMICS WITH VARIOUS MANIPULATORS.

DEC 1966

Authors: D. T. McRuer; R. E. Magdaleno; SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY INC HAWTHORNE CALIF

The purpose of the experimental efforts is to explore on a preliminary basis the limiting characteristics of the human operator's 'actuator' or neuromuscular system dynamics as affected by the manipulator. The effects of three manipulators (pressure, free-moving, and spring-restrained) on system performance and the human operator's describing function are presented for three controlled elements and two high bandwidth forcing functions. Describing function differences are primarily in the phase, i.e., the ...

HUMAN PILOT DYNAMIC RESPONSE IN SINGLE-LOOP SYSTEMS WITH COMPENSATORY AND PURSUIT DISPLAYS.

DEC 1966

Authors: R. J. Wasicko; D. T. McRuer; R. E. Magdaleno; SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY INC HAWTHORNE CALIF

The primary purpose of the experimental series reported here is to investigate, on a preliminary and exploratory basis, human operator performance differences between pursuit and compensatory displays. For each display type a wide range of forcing function bandwidths and controlled element dynamics was used. The effect of the additional information provided by separately displaying both forcing function and controlled element output (pursuit) rather than their difference (compensatory) was evaluated using ...

EFFECTS OF MANIPULATOR RESTRAINTS ON HUMAN OPERATOR PERFORMANCE.

DEC 1966

Authors: R. E. Magdaleno; D. T. McRuer; SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY INC HAWTHORNE CALIF

This report is concerned with a series of experiments in which the effects of manipulator restraints, i.e., load dynamics imposed on the operator, are central. The purposes of this investigation are to: Determine the load effects on the human operator's describing functions and performance measures for a representative variety of manipulator restraints and controlled elements. Provide inferential insight into the relative importance of limb position and output force senses in ...

INVESTIGATIONS OF DESCRIBING FUNCTION TECHNIQUE.

FEB 1966

Authors: Dunstan Graham; Lee Gregor Hofmann; SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY INC HAWTHORNE CALIF

Three problems were chosen so as to explore some of the apparent limitations of describing function technique for the analysis of nonlinear systems, and to show how the technique might be extended so as to overcome the indicated deficiencies. The problems were (a) the effects of stick and valve friction in fully powered, manual aircraft control systems, (b) limit cycles in satellite attitude control with off-on jets, and (c) the ...

A STUDY OF CONVENTIONAL AIRPLANE HANDLING QUALITIES REQUIREMENTS. PART I. ROLL HANDLING QUALITIES.

NOV 1965

Authors: I. L. Ashkenas; SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY INC HAWTHORNE CALIF

The report uses as a point of departure the concept that control of bank angle is the primary piloting task in maintaining or changing heading. Regulation of the bank angle to maintain heading is a close-loop tracking task in which the pilot applies aileron control as a function of observed bank angle error. For large heading changes, the steady-state bank angle consistent with available or desired load factor is attained ...

A STUDY OF CONVENTIONAL AIRPLANE HANDLING QUALITIES REQUIREMENTS. PART II. LATERAL-DIRECTIONAL OSCILLATORY HANDLING QUALITIES.

NOV 1965

Authors: I. L. Ashkenas; SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY INC HAWTHORNE CALIF

This report is a codification in two parts of conventional aircraft handling qualities criteria. The results of this effort are to serve as an intermediate design guide in the areas of lateral-directional oscillatory and roll control. The roll handling qualities portion of this report uses as a point of departure the concept that control of bank angle is the primary piloting task in maintaining or changing heading. In the lateral ...

EFFECTS OF NONLINEARITIES ON HUMAN OPERATOR TRACKING PERFORMANCE: A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE.

OCT 1965

Authors: Richard J. WASICKO; Raymond E. Magdaleno; SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY INC HAWTHORNE CALIF

Available literature on the effects of system nonlinearities on human operator tracking performance is summarized. The reviewed reports include experimental investigations in the technical areas of human engineering and aircraft handling qualities. Pertinent information is presented on experimental details, types of it is concluded that the general state of knowledge in this area is unsatisfactory. Several nonlinearities (such as actuator rate limiting) important in aircraft manual control systems have not ...