| Layered Organization in the Coastal Ocean: Acoustical Data Acquisition Analyses and Synthesis |
04-Nov-2009 |
61 pages |
| Authors:
D V Holliday; RHODE ISLAND UNIV NARRAGANSETT GRADUATE SCHOOL OF OCEANOGRAPHY
|
 | The research conducted with the funding made available through this grant was from an ONR Departmental Research Initiative (DRI). The objective of the DRI was to better understand Layered Organization in the Coastal Ocean (LOCO). The explicit goal of the DRI was To understand the properties of densely concentrated, thin layers of planktonic biota that can occur in coastal ocean environments, and the interacting physical, chemical, biological and optical processes ... |
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| Numerical Simulations and Observations of Surface Wave Fields Under an Extreme Tropical Cyclone |
Sep-2009 |
21 pages |
| Authors:
Tetsu Hara; Edward J Walsh; Yalin Fan; Isaac Ginis; C Wayne Wright; RHODE ISLAND UNIV NARRAGANSETT GRADUATE SCHOOL OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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| The performance of the wave model WAVEWATCH III under a very strong, category 5, tropical cyclone wind forcing is investigated with different drag coefficient parameterizations and ocean current inputs. The model results are compared with field observations of the surface wave spectra from an airborne scanning radar altimeter, National Data Buoy Center (NDBC) time series, and satellite altimeter measurements in Hurricane Ivan (2004). The results suggest that the model with ... |
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| Acoustical Measurement of Nonlinear Internal Waves Using the Inverted Echo Sounder |
05 May 2009 |
17 pages |
| Authors:
Qiang Li; David M Farmer; Timothy F Duda; Steve Ramp; RHODE ISLAND UNIV NARRAGANSETT GRADUATE SCHOOL OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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| The performance of pressure sensor-equipped inverted echo sounders for monitoring nonlinear internal waves is examined. The inverted echo sounder measures the round-trip acoustic travel time from the sea floor to the sea surface and thus acquires vertically integrated information on the thermal structure, from which the first baroclinic mode of thermocline motion may be inferred. This application of the technology differs from previous uses in that the wave period (30 ... |
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| An Observational Study of the Kuroshio in the East China Sea: Local, Regional, and Basin-Wide Perspectives on a Western Boundary Current |
Jan-2008 |
151 pages |
| Authors:
Magdalena Andres; RHODE ISLAND UNIV NARRAGANSETT GRADUATE SCHOOL OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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| The Kuroshio is the western boundary current of the North Pacific midlatitude gyre. An observational study of the Kuroshio was conducted using data collected in the East China Sea (ECS) north of Okinawa from December 2002 through November 2004 with an array of inverted echo sounders and acoustic Doppler current profilers. Using these data, Kuroshio velocity structure and transport time series were obtained. Net absolute transport ranges between 4 and ... |
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| LOCO: Characterization of Phytoplankton in Thin Optical Layers |
Jan-2008 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Jan Rines; RHODE ISLAND UNIV NARRAGANSETT GRADUATE SCHOOL OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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| Our long-term goal is to understand the ecology of phytoplankton inhabiting coastal shelves, upwelling areas, fjords and banks. We are especially interested in ways in which species-specific properties, including colony size and shape (diatoms) and motility (dinoflagellates) interact with physical mixing processes to regulate spatio-temporal distribution patterns. We wish to understand these processes in sufficient detail to be able to predict bloom dynamics, size structure, and the impact of species-specific ... |
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| Layered Organization in the Coastal Ocean: 4-D Assessment of Thin Layer Structure, Dynamics and Impacts |
Jan-2008 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
Percy L Donaghay; James M Sullivan; RHODE ISLAND UNIV NARRAGANSETT GRADUATE SCHOOL OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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| Our long-term goal is to understand (1) the properties of densely concentrated, thin layers of planktonic biota that can occur in coastal ocean environments, (2) the interacting physical, chemical, biological and optical processes responsible for establishment, maintenance and breakdown of layers, (3) the impact of thin layers on the dynamics of plankton populations and the performance of optical sensors, and (4) how the above vary between coastal systems that differ ... |
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| Layered Organization in the Coastal Ocean: Acoustical Data Acquisition, Analyses and Synthesis |
Jan-2008 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
D V Holliday; C F Greenlaw; RHODE ISLAND UNIV NARRAGANSETT GRADUATE SCHOOL OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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| The long-term goal of our research is to improve our ability to observe the ocean's plants, animals, and their physical and chemical environment at the scales that control how they live, reproduce, and die. We are working with our colleagues in the ONR-sponsored research program on Layered Organization in the Coastal Ocean (LOCO) to jointly analyze data collected in Monterey Bay, CA during FY2002, 2005 and 2006. Our work this ... |
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| Quantifying Trophic and Demographic Rates of Plankton-Rich Layers in East Sound, Orcas Island, Washington |
Jan-2008 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
Susanne Menden-Deuer; RHODE ISLAND UNIV NARRAGANSETT GRADUATE SCHOOL OF OCEANOGRAPHY
|
| Localized concentrations of plankton (i.e. patches) alter the optical and acoustical properties of the water column and can have significant ramifications for the ecological dynamics of marine communities. The goal of this research is to develop a mechanistic understanding and predictive capability of the biological drivers of plankton patch formation, persistence and decline. This goal will be addressed by concurrent characterization of the physical, chemical and biological parameters associated with ... |
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| Inverted Echo Sounder Data Processing Manual |
JUN 2007 |
89 pages |
| Authors:
Maureen Kennelly; Karen Tracey; D. R. Watts; RHODE ISLAND UNIV NARRAGANSETT GRADUATE SCHOOL OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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| The Inverted Echo Sounder (IES) is an ocean bottom-moored instrument that measures the vertical acoustic travel time (VATT) round-trip from the sea floor to the sea surface and back. The VATT varies principally due to changes in the temperature profile of the water column, making the IES well-suited for monitoring changes in temperature structure and dynamic height (baroclinic signal). Currently, the Model 6.2, a combined IES, data-logger, and acoustic release, ... |
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| Analyses of Sea Surface Height, Bottom Pressure and Acoustic Travel Time in the Japan/East Sea |
01-Jan-2006 |
100 pages |
| Authors:
Yongsheng Xu; RHODE ISLAND UNIV NARRAGANSETT GRADUATE SCHOOL OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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| The observed water motions in the Japan/East Sea (JES) and the associated sea surface height and bottom pressure fields are heavily influenced by the semi-enclosed nature and the specific configuration of this marginal sea. As part of the United States Office of Naval Research JES program, a two-dimensional array of pressure-gauge-equipped inverted echo sounders (PIESs) was deployed in the southwestern JES for two years, from June 1999 to July 2001. ... |
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| Upper Circulation Patterns in the Ulleung Basin |
27 JUL 2005 |
23 pages |
| Authors:
D. A. Mitchell; D. R. Watts; M. Wimbush; W. J. Teague; K. L. Tracey; J. W. Book; K. I. Chang; M. S. Suk; J. H. Yoon; RHODE ISLAND UNIV NARRAGANSETT GRADUATE SCHOOL OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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| Continuous acoustic travel-time measurements from a two-dimensional array of pressure-gauge-equipped inverted echo sounders spanning the entire Ulleung Basin of the southwestern Japan/East Sea between June 1999 and July 2001 are used to examine the upper temperature and current patterns. A new method, referred to as the Residual GEM Technique, interprets the travel-time data into a three-dimensional (x, y,p) time-series of daily, synoptically mapped current and temperature fields. During the two-year ... |
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| PARADIGM: The Partnership for Advancing Interdisciplinary Global Modeling - Year 4 Annual Report |
Jan 2005 |
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| Authors:
Lewis M Rothstein; Mark R Abbott; Eric P Chassignet; John J Cullen; Kenneth L Denman; Scott C Doney; Hugh W Ducklow; Michael Follows; Dale B Haidvogel; Eileen E Hofmann; David M Karl; John C Kindle; Charles R McClain; McGillicuddy; Dennis J Jr; Richard D Smith; James A Yoder; RHODE ISLAND UNIV NARRAGANSETT GRADUATE SCHOOL OF OCEANOGRAPHY
|
 | To improve our understanding of the mean state, seasonal cycle, and natural interannual to decadal variability of global and basin-scale biogeographical patterns. Why do different ecosystems reside where they do? What combination of forcing and biological responses drives the observed long-term variability and apparent ecosystem regime shifts? The intrinsic scales of ocean ecology are set by the growth and removal of phytoplankton, with time-constants of one to a few days. ... |
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| East China Sea Kuroshio 2002-2004 Data Report. Part 1. The URI/JAMSTEC Measurements. Part 2. The SNU/KORDI Measurements |
2005 |
48 pages |
| Authors:
Magadelena Andres; Kyung Il Chang Chang-Su /Hong; Hiroshi Ichikawa; Jae-Hak Lee; Dong-Kyu Lee; Byung-Ho Lim; Douglas A. Mitchell; Karen Tracey; William Teague; RHODE ISLAND UNIV NARRAGANSETT GRADUATE SCHOOL OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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| In order to study the time variability of Kuroshio transport and structure in the East China Sea (ECS), two lines of inverted echo sounders (IES) extending across the axis of the Kuroshio from the continental shelf to the Ryukyu Island chain were deployed for nearly two years. This part of the report describes the data recorded by these instruments and its preliminary processing. During the deployment crmse, XCTD casts were ... |
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| Inverted Echo Sounder Data Report. Ulleung Basin of Japan/East Sea. June 1999 to July 2001 |
Oct-2004 |
107 pages |
| Authors:
Mark Wimbush; Youngsheng Xu; William Teague; Karen L Tracey; D R Watts; Douglas A Mitchell; RHODE ISLAND UNIV NARRAGANSETT GRADUATE SCHOOL OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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| Observations were conducted from June 1999 to July 2001 to study the shallow and deep current variability in the southwest Japan/East Sea. Data were collected during the field experiment with a two-dimensional array of pressure-gauge equipped inverted echo sounders (PIES) and deep recording current meters (RCM). The collection, processing and calibration of the PIES are documented in this report. Descriptions of the processes used to identify and remove jumps (offsets) ... |
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| PARADIGM: The Partnership for Advancing Interdisciplinary Global Modeling - Year 3 Annual Report |
01-Jan-2004 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Eric P Chassignet; Dale B Haidvogel; Michael Follows; Hugh W Ducklow; Scott C Doney; Kenneth L Denman; John J Cullen; Mark R Abbott; Lewis M Rothstein; Eileen E Hofmann; RHODE ISLAND UNIV NARRAGANSETT GRADUATE SCHOOL OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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| The long-term goals of this project are: To develop an efficient, community-based coupled biogeochemical-physical modeling framework that will enable the addition of new oceanographic processes in a straightforward and transparent manner, allowing new model structures to be developed and explored as our understanding of ocean ecology and biogeochemistry improves. To develop such a modeling framework within the context of our initial, specific overarching scientific focus: an inter-comparison study between the ... |
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| Analysis of Steep and Breaking Ocean Surface Waves Using Data from an Airborne Scanning Lidar System |
01 JUL 2003 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
Tetsu Hara; RHODE ISLAND UNIV NARRAGANSETT GRADUATE SCHOOL OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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| It is clear intuitively that at high wind speeds breaking waves become increasingly important to air-sea interaction. Recently, an airborne scanning lidar system was used to obtain 2D spatial topography of ocean surface waves. Such data were used to study the wavenumber spectrum in detail. Here, we applied the wavelet transform to the 1D surface topography in the direction of mean wind. We then estimated the steep wave statistics, LAMBDA(TAU)(kappa), ... |
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| Current Meter Data Report, Ulleung Basin of Japan/East Sea |
01-Jul-2003 |
130 pages |
| Authors:
Mark Wimbush; William Teague; Yongsheng Xu; Karen L Tracey; D R Watts; Jeff Book; RHODE ISLAND UNIV NARRAGANSETT GRADUATE SCHOOL OF OCEANOGRAPHY
|
| Observations were conducted from June 1999 to July 2001 to study shallow and deep current variability in the southwest Japan/East sea. Data were collected during the field experiment with a two-dimensional array of pressure-gauge equipped inverted echo sounders (PIES) and deep recording current meters (RCM). This report documents the current meter data, which were collected with an array of 12 moorings that was in place for the two-year period. Instrument ... |
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| Development of an Integrated Regional, National and International Data System for Oceanography |
01-Jan-2003 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
James Cummings; Ted Habermann; James Gallagher; Dave Fulker; Glenn Flierl; Don Collins; Richard Chinman; Brad Butman; Peter Cornillon; Peter Hamilton; RHODE ISLAND UNIV NARRAGANSETT GRADUATE SCHOOL OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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| As part of a phased approach toward an Integrated Ocean Observing and Prediction System, NOPP in 1999 selected a few preliminary steps for development. One of these steps was to plan and implement "a community-based 'system' to broaden and improve access to ocean data". The project described herein was proposed in response to the 2000 NOPP BAA and has as its long-term goal the development of such a system; i.e., ... |
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| Water Column Variability in Coastal Regions |
12 JUN 2001 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Dana R. Kester; RHODE ISLAND UNIV NARRAGANSETT GRADUATE SCHOOL OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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| This project integrated a series of new approaches to the investigation of the causes of water column variability in coastal regions. In situ sensors and satellite remote sensing provided time-series and spatial pattern information on physical, chemical, and biological processes in coastal waters. The in situ sensors were used for fixed-point time-series and for underway measurements from small boats. The satellite remotes sensing used AVHRR and SeaWiFS ocean color imagery. ... |
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| Results from the Test Deployments of the Coastal Ocean Lagrangian (COOL) Float |
NOV 97 |
29 pages |
| Authors:
Dave Hebert; Mark Prater; Jim Fontaine; Tom Rossby; RHODE ISLAND UNIV NARRAGANSETT GRADUATE SCHOOL OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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| The goal of this project is to develop a truly three-dimensional Lagrangian follower of water parcels for the coastal ocean. This COastal Ocean Lagrangian (COOL) float is based on an isopycnal float which would follow fluid parcels on a constant density surface. However, in the coastal ocean, there is significant mixing occurring such that a water parcel can change its density over a relatively short time. To account for this ... |
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| Estimation of Directional Surface Wave Spectra from a Towed Research Catamaran |
11 MAR 97 |
53 pages |
| Authors:
Kurt A. Hanson; Tetsu Hara; Erik J. Bock; Andrey B. Karachintsev; RHODE ISLAND UNIV NARRAGANSETT GRADUATE SCHOOL OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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| During the High Resolution Remote Sensing Main Experiment, wave height was estimated from a moving catamaran using pitch rate and roll rate sensors, a three axis accelerometer, and a capacitive wave wire. The wave spectrum in the frequency band ranging roughly from 0.08 Hz to 0.3 Hz was verified by independent buoy measurements. To estimate the directional frequency spectrum from a wave-wire array the Data Adaptive Spectral Estimator is extended ... |
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| Vane Design for the Coastal Ocean Lagrangian (COOL) Float |
DEC 96 |
26 pages |
| Authors:
Jayendran Rajamony; Sante Peterson; Jim Fontaine; Dave Hebert; Tom Rossby; RHODE ISLAND UNIV NARRAGANSETT GRADUATE SCHOOL OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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| Coastal Ocean Lagrangian (COOL) float is an isopycnal f/h float equipped with vanes to measure vertical velocity. Although isobaric vertical current meters have been previously developed and deployed, not much is known about how vane geometry affects the float's response to vertical velocities. We determined the sensitivity of the float's rotation rate to vertical velocity past it for different vane geometries. The float's response to size, number and area of ... |
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| RAFOS Float Data Report of the North Atlantic Current Study 1993 - 1995 |
SEP 96 |
246 pages |
| Authors:
Sandra Anderson-Fontana; Mark Prater; H. Thomas Rossby; RHODE ISLAND UNIV NARRAGANSETT GRADUATE SCHOOL OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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| This report is a summary of all RAFOS float data collected during the 1993-1995 study of the North Atlantic Current (NAC) and adjacent waters in the Newfoundland Basin. The objective of the program was to study the structure of the currents in the NAC region and the exchange of waters between the subtropical and subpolar gyres in the Newfoundland Basin. One hundred floats were deployed during three separate cruises in ... |
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| Role of Resuspended Sediments in the Transport and Bioaccumulation of Toxic Organic Contaminants in the Nearshore Marine Environment |
11 OCT 94 |
283 pages |
| Authors:
J. S. Latimer; RHODE ISLAND UNIV NARRAGANSETT GRADUATE SCHOOL OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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| A particle entrainment simulator was used to simulate conditions during resuspension events in order to investigate how resuspension affects the chemical behavior of hydrophobic organic contaminants such as PCBs and PAHs in the coastal marine environment. Organic contaminants were evaluated in bulk sediments, sized fractionated sediments and resuspended particulate material. The sediments evaluated represented distinctions in contaminant loadings and sediment textural characteristics. It was concluded that contaminants are injected into ... |
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| Role of Resuspended Sediments in the Transport and Bioaccumulation of Toxic Organic Contaminants in the Nearshore Marine Environment |
01 OCT 94 |
4 pages |
| Authors:
James S. Latimer; James G. Quinn; RHODE ISLAND UNIV NARRAGANSETT GRADUATE SCHOOL OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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| Experiments designed to evaluate the transport and fate of organic contaminants have been completed. The extensive data generated during the laboratory studies will require additional time to evaluate and the result of this evaluation will be provided in the final report which will be completed by October 10, 1994 Resuspension, Organic contaminants, PES, PCBs, PAHs Pollution, Contaminated sediment. |
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| IES Calibration for Main Thermocline Depth: A Method Using Integrated XBT Temperature Profiles |
NOV 93 |
23 pages |
| Authors:
S. D. Howden; E. Fields; X. Qian; K. Tracey; D. R. Watts; RHODE ISLAND UNIV NARRAGANSETT GRADUATE SCHOOL OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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| A new method of calibrating Inverted Echo Sounder (IES) travel time measurements to main thermocline depths is described. Unlike the traditional method in which the thermocline is defined by a point measurement, such as the depth of the 12 deg C isotherm depth as measured with an XBT, this technique utilizes the full temperature profile of XBT casts. The advantage of this method is that the vertical integral of temperature, ... |
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| Vertical Motion in the SYNOP Central Array |
OCT 93 |
93 pages |
| Authors:
Scott S. Lindstrom; D. R. Watts; RHODE ISLAND UNIV NARRAGANSETT GRADUATE SCHOOL OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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| As part of the SYNOP (Synoptic Ocean Prediction experiment) field program, twelve tall moorings measured the Gulf Stream's temperature and velocity fields with current meters (CM) at nominal depths of 400 m, 700 m, 1000 m, and 3500 m for two years, from May 1988 through August 1990. Simultaneously, 24 inverted echo sounders (IES) monitored the thermocline topography. A third observational component of the experiment was the release of isopycnal ... |
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| Ray Tracing on Topographic Rossby Waves |
MAY 93 |
47 pages |
| Authors:
Christopher Meinen; Erik Fields; Robert Pickart; D. R. Watts; RHODE ISLAND UNIV NARRAGANSETT GRADUATE SCHOOL OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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| Topographic Rossby Waves (TRWs) have been identified with the largest variability in deep current meter records along the continental slope in the Mid-Atlantic Bight (MAB). Ray tracing theory is applied to TRWs using the real bottom topography of the MAB and the observed stratification. The depression relation for TRWs is derived and various wavenumber limits are discussed. A computational method for tracing the waves is presented including the necessity of ... |
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| The Synop Experiment: Bottom Pressure Maps for the Central Array, May 1988 to August 1990 |
JUL 92 |
195 pages |
| Authors:
Xiaoshu Qian; D. R. Watts; RHODE ISLAND UNIV NARRAGANSETT GRADUATE SCHOOL OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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| This report documents our procedures and the accuracy of objective maps of bottom pressure in the Synop Central Array region between June 1988 and August 1990. The pressure maps are made by using multivariate objective analysis procedures to combine data from bottom pressure measurements by Inverted Echo Sounders (PIES) and bottom current meter measurements in the Central Array between June 1988 and August 1990. A key new feature is that ... |
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| Seasonal Variations in Sediment-Water Nutrient Exchanges in Estuarine Systems, |
JUN 1992 |
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| Authors:
C. N. Farris; RHODE ISLAND UNIV NARRAGANSETT GRADUATE SCHOOL OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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| Nutrient fluxes across the sediment-water interface have been a topic of much investigation in many nearshore studies (e.g. Fisher, Carlson, and Barber 1982; Keizer, Hargrove, and Cordon 1989). These fluxes are thought to be an important seasonal component of nutrient cycles in coastal and estuarine waters (Asmus, Asmus, and Reise 1986; Bodungen 1986; Van Klump and Martens 1989). Additionally, these fluxes may be associated with significant changes in the structure ... |
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| Role of Resuspended Sediments in the Transport and Bioaccumulation of Toxic Organic Contaminants in Nearshore Marine Environment |
31 MAY 92 |
18 pages |
| Authors:
James S. Latimer; James G. Quinn; RHODE ISLAND UNIV NARRAGANSETT GRADUATE SCHOOL OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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| The resuspension - deposition continuum plays a significant part in the distribution of fine grained sediments and associated organic pollutants in aquatic systems. The chemistry of resuspension was investigated during a year long study by submitting a variety of sediments, including relatively contaminated homogenized dredge spoils and moderately contaminated stratigraphically intact sediments, to artificial resuspension using a particle entrainment simulator. Fine grained sediments were entrained into the test cylinder under ... |
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| The SYNOP Experiment: XBT Data for the Period January 1988 to February 1990 |
MAY 92 |
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| Authors:
Sandra Anderson-Fontana; RHODE ISLAND UNIV NARRAGANSETT GRADUATE SCHOOL OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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| From the end of January 1988 to February 1990, 214 XBTs were deployed in the Gulf Stream as part of the SYNOP experiment. The XBTs were used to determine the launch sites for a total of 82 RAFOS floats in the axis of the Gulf Stream, identified as the point at which the 15 deg C isotherm crosses 450 meters. Two to four XBTs were typically used to determine each ... |
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| Mooring Motion Correction of SYNOP Central Array Current Meter Data |
92 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
Meghan Cronin; Karen Tracey; D. R. Watts; RHODE ISLAND UNIV NARRAGANSETT GRADUATE SCHOOL OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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| From May of 1988 to August 1990 as part of the SYNOP field program, twelve tall moorings measured the Gulf Stream's temperature and velocity fields at nominal depths of 400 m. 700 m. 1000 m. and 3500 m. Although stiff, high- performance moorings were used to maintain the top current meters at approximately 400 in below the surface (approx. 4000 m above the sea floor), the jet's drag caused the ... |
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| National Ocean Bottom Seismometer (OBS) Facility Review Committee |
20 DEC 91 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
H. L. Clark; Ronald Clowes; Alexander Shows; Randy Jacobson; RHODE ISLAND UNIV NARRAGANSETT GRADUATE SCHOOL OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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| The purpose of the contract was to provide travel funds for four members of the independent management review team to visit the two Ocean Bottom Seismometer National Facilities. The contract also provided administrative and technical support for the review team |
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| RAFOS Floats in the SYNOP Experiment: 1988-1990 |
SEP 91 |
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| Authors:
Sandra Anderson-Fontana; H. T. Rossby; RHODE ISLAND UNIV NARRAGANSETT GRADUATE SCHOOL OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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| RAFOS floats are neutrally buoyant isopycnal drifters which are tracked acoustically by ranging to as many as five sound sources that have been moored at the depth of the permanent sound channel south of the Gulf Stream along a line between 73 deg W and 51 deg W. All sources transmit a precisely timed frequency modulated, continuous wave signal every 8 hrs. The floats, which are equipped with accurate timing, ... |
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| The SYNOP Experiment: Thermocline Depth Maps for the Inlet Array, October 1987 to August 1990 |
AUG 91 |
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| Authors:
Karen L. Tracey; D. R. Watts; RHODE ISLAND UNIV NARRAGANSETT GRADUATE SCHOOL OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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| Between October 1987 and August 1990, two arrays of inverted echo sounders were deployed in the Gulf Stream northeast of Cape Hatteras as part of the SYNoptic Ocean Prediction Experiment. The Inlet Array consisted of 9 inverted echo sounders (IES). Centered at 74 W, the Inlet Array was designed to measure key parameters that describe the Gulf Stream path variability near Cape Hatteras. The large Central Array of 24 IESs ... |
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| Synop Inlet Experiment. Bottom Current Meter Data Report for October 1987 to August 1990 Mooring Period |
AUG 91 |
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| Authors:
Robert S. Pickart; Xiaoshu Qian; D. R. Watts; RHODE ISLAND UNIV NARRAGANSETT GRADUATE SCHOOL OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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| An array of five deep current meter moorings, each 100 m above the ocean bottom, was maintained along a line extending southeast from Cape Hatteras, NC for 34 months, from October 1987 through August 1990. The transect line was part of the SYNOP (Synoptic Ocean Prediction experiment) Inlet Array, which also had a surrounding array of Inverted Echo Sounders. The line extended from approximately the 2300 m to the 3800 ... |
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| The SYNOP Experiment: Thermocline Depth Maps for the Central Array, October 1987 to August 1990 |
JUL 91 |
197 pages |
| Authors:
Karen L. Tracey; D. R. Watts; RHODE ISLAND UNIV NARRAGANSETT GRADUATE SCHOOL OF OCEANOGRAPHY
|
| Between October 1987 and August 1990, two arrays of inverted echo sounders were deployed in the Gulf Stream northeast of Cape Hatteras as part of the SYNoptic Ocean Prediction Experiment. The 'Inlet Array' consisted of 9 inverted echo sounders (IES). Centered at 74 deg W, the Inlet Array was designed to measure key parameters that describe the Gulf Stream path variability near Cape Hatteras. The large 'Central Array' of 24 ... |
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| Inverted Echo Sounder Data Processing Report |
MAY 91 |
156 pages |
| Authors:
Erik Fields; Karen Tracey; D. R. Watts; RHODE ISLAND UNIV NARRAGANSETT GRADUATE SCHOOL OF OCEANOGRAPHY
|
| The Inverted Echo Sounder (IES) is an instrument that acoustically monitors the depth of the main thermocline from a moored position one meter above the ocean floor. Additionally, the IESs can be equipped to measure both pressure and temperature. The standard steps for processing IES data are documented here. The effect and purpose of each step are discussed followed by a description of how to apply the computer programs that ... |
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| The SYNOP Experiment: Inverted Echo Sounder Data Report for Jun 1989 to Sep 1990 |
MAR 91 |
|
| Authors:
Erik Fields; D. R. Watts; RHODE ISLAND UNIV NARRAGANSETT GRADUATE SCHOOL OF OCEANOGRAPHY
|
| The SYNoptic Ocean Prediction experiment (SYNOP) was undertaken with the goal that increased observations could be integrated with numerical models, including predictive models of the Gulf Stream. Our moored experiment, which began in the fall of 1987, consisted of two separate arrays in the Gulf Stream as part of the SYNOP program. The 'Inlet' array of inverted echo sounders (IES) and deep current meters measured key parameters that describe the ... |
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| Inverted Echo Sounder Telemetry System Report |
91 |
|
| Authors:
Stephan Howden; Karen Tracey; D. R. Watts; H. T. Rossby; RHODE ISLAND UNIV NARRAGANSETT GRADUATE SCHOOL OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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| From August 1989 until August 1990, a simple acoustic telemetry system was used for obtaining real-time data from 5 Inverted Echo Sounders (IESs) deployed in the SYNOP inlet array in the Gulf Stream east of Cape Hatteras. Every 24 hours, each IES calculated a representative travel time from a set of 48 measurements (Tr), and telemetered that value to a listening station on Bermuda. From the received data, a daily ... |
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| The SYNOP Experiment. Inverted Echo Sounder Data Report for October 1987 to May 1988 |
JUL 90 |
|
| Authors:
Xiaoshu Qian; Karen Tracey; Erik Fields; D. R. Watts; RHODE ISLAND UNIV NARRAGANSETT GRADUATE SCHOOL OF OCEANOGRAPHY
|
| The Synoptic Ocean Prediction experiment (SYNOP) was undertaken with the goal that increased understanding other Gulf Stream obtained through coordinated observations could be integrated with numerical models, including predictive models of the Gulf Stream. Our moored experiment, which began in fall of 1987, consists of two separate arrays in the Gulf Stream. The Inlet array consists of inverted echo sounders (IES) and deep current meters in a 120 x 150 ... |
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| The SYNOP Experiment: Inverted Echo Sounder Data Report for May 1988 to August 1989 |
MAY 90 |
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| Authors:
Erik Fields; D. R. Watts; RHODE ISLAND UNIV NARRAGANSETT GRADUATE SCHOOL OF OCEANOGRAPHY
|
| The SYNoptic Ocean Prediction experiment (SYNOP) was undertaken with the goal that increased understanding of the Gulf Stream obtained through coordinated observations could be integrated with numerical models, including predictive models of the Gulf Stream. Our moored experiment, which began in fall of 1987, consists of two separate arrays in the Gulf Stream as part of the SYNOP program. The 'Inlet array of inverted echo sounders (IES) and deep current ... |
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| Corrosion Between a Graphite/Polymer Composite and Metals, |
JAN 1990 |
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| Authors:
Wayne C. Tucker; Richard Brown; Laureen Russell; RHODE ISLAND UNIV NARRAGANSETT GRADUATE SCHOOL OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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| A graphite/polymer composite material was directly coupled with: 2014 aluminum (bare and hard-anodized), pure grade titanium, 316 stainless steel and monel. Samples were then immersed in natural seawater. The titanium couple was inactive. Stainless steel and monel changed behavior from noncorroding to crevice and pitting corrosion. Corrosion behavior of 2014 aluminum was not changed by the couple. However, blistering occurred on the composite when active corrosion of aluminum occurred. Crystal ... |
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| Moisture Absorption of Graphite/Polymer Composites Under 2000 Feet of Seawater, |
AUG 1989 |
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| Authors:
Wayne C. Tucker; Richard Brown; RHODE ISLAND UNIV NARRAGANSETT GRADUATE SCHOOL OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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| Studies were conducted to determine moisture absorption properties of a graphite fiber vinyl ester composite under 2000 feet of seawater pressure. The results were compared with moisture absorption curves generated on identical specimens soaking in seawater at the surface. After soaking, samples were tested for flexure strength. Results indicate diffusion coefficients are the same in both cases, but higher equilibrium moisture contents were obtained on deep submergence samples. Samples subjected ... |
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| Blister Formation on Graphite/Polymer Composites Galvanically Coupled with Steel in Seawater, |
APR 1989 |
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| Authors:
Wayne C. Tucker; Richard Brown; RHODE ISLAND UNIV NARRAGANSETT GRADUATE SCHOOL OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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| A graphite fiber/vinyl ester composite material was directly coupled with mild steel and immersed in natural seawater for intervals up to three months. After three weeks, blister formation was evident in the composite material. Some initial mechanisms of the cause of blister formation are reviewed. It is evident that the corrosion process plays a major role in the formation of blisters. (Author, modified). |
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| The SYNOP Pilot Experiment: Inverted Echo Sounder Data Report for November 1986 to March 1987 |
NOV 88 |
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| Authors:
Hyun S. Kim; Karen L. Tracey; R. R. Watts; RHODE ISLAND UNIV NARRAGANSETT GRADUATE SCHOOL OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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| The SYNOP Pilot Experiment was conducted off Cape Hatteras, from late November 1986 to early March 1987, to measure the path characterisitics (position,angle, curvature), the time-varying current structure and transport of the Gulf Stream. Part of the purpose of this experiment was to test new instrumentation techniques and moored array designs for a subsequent main SYNOP Experiment. Data collected as part of the Pilot Experiment included Inverted Echo Sounders (IESs), ... |
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| Objective Analysis of the Gulf Stream Thermal Front: Methods and Accuracy |
DEC 87 |
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| Authors:
Karen L. Tracey; Amy I. Friedlander; Randolph Watts; RHODE ISLAND UNIV NARRAGANSETT GRADUATE SCHOOL OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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| The objective analysis (OA) technique was adapted by Watts and Tracey in order to map the thermal frontal zone of the Gulf Stream. Here, we test the robustness of the adapted OA technique to the selection of four control parameters: mean field, standard deviation field, correlation function, and decimation time. Output OA maps of the thermocline depth are most affected by the choice of mean field, with the most realistic ... |
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| The Gulf Stream Dynamics Experiment: Inverted Echo Sounder Data Report for the May 1985 to June 1986 Deployment Period |
MAY 87 |
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| Authors:
Meghan Cronin; Karen L. Tracey; D. R. Watts; RHODE ISLAND UNIV NARRAGANSETT GRADUATE SCHOOL OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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| The continuation of the Gulf Stream Dynamics Experiment was conducted at 70 deg W, about 450 km northeast of Cape Hatteras, to study the baroclinic transport and cross-stream thermocline structure of the Gulf Stream. This report documents the inverted echo sounder data collected during the May 1985 to June 1986 deployment period. Time series plots of the half-hourly travel time and low-pass filtered thermocline depth measurements are presented for ten ... |
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| Deep-Ocean Bottom Pressure and Temperature Sensors Report: Methods and Data |
DEC 86 |
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| Authors:
D. R. Watts; H. Kontoyiannis; RHODE ISLAND UNIV NARRAGANSETT GRADUATE SCHOOL OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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| This report documents ocean bottom pressure data collected in 11 deployments of pressure sensors under the Gulf stream northeast of Cape Hatteras in depths of 3300 to 3900 m. In past experiments pressure sensors suitable for ocean depths have typically exhibited systematic drifts in calibration that seriously contaminate any observed periodicities longer than a few days. We used Digiquartz sensors because they offered potentially much lower drift than other commericially ... |
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