| Spectroscopic and Kinetic Measurements of Alkali Atom-Rare Gas Excimers |
04 Nov 2009 |
25 pages |
| Authors:
S J Davis; W T Rawlins; K L Galbally-Kinney; W J Kessler; PHYSICAL SCIENCES INC ANDOVER MA
|
 | GOALS: Novel use of alkali/rare-gas molecules to efficiently couple high power diode arrays into alkali vapors -- Exciplex molecules absorb over much greater bandwidth * Control of inherent high optical gain to minimize ASE and optimize laser oscillation * Development of large volume resonators that allow efficient power extraction * Demonstration of high electrical-to-optical efficiency/power Exciplex assisted diode Pumped Alkali Laser (XPAL) * Education of a future generation of laser ... |
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| A Wideband Dipole Array for Directed Energy Applications and Digital TV Reception |
23 Sep 2009 |
27 pages |
| Authors:
F S Scappuzzo; D D Harty; B Janice; H Steyskal; S N Makarov; PHYSICAL SCIENCES INC ANDOVER MA
|
| Motivations listed for compact high performance radiofrequency communations. Whip antennas for High Frequency communications need to contain the following: 1. Simple classic design; 2. Narrow bandwidth; 3. High visibility; 4. Needs assembly for portability. Ribcage dipole antenna: 1. Low profile; 2. Excellent performance over a ground plane; 3. Wide impedance bandwidth; 4. Uniform antenna pattern over the bandwidth; 5. Needs further development and funds. |
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| Novel Plasticizer for IM Compliant Solid Propellants |
17 Apr 2009 |
16 pages |
| Authors:
Ana Racoveanu; David A Skyler; Benjamin K Leipzig; Scott K Dawley; PHYSICAL SCIENCES INC ANDOVER MA
|
| NITROFURAZAN PLASTICIZERS (NF): Nitrofurazan family offers promise as high energy, good thermal behavior, high density and low sensitivity plasticizers. * NF core: heterocyclic ring with high thermal stability, good density * Organic Group R: capability to functionalize the nitrofurazanic core * R group variation may generate various categories of NF plasticizers. CONCLUSIONS: NF2 has been successfully synthesized and characterized in a 40% overall yield * NF2 synthesis used low cost ... |
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| Range Test Validation Cloud Tracking System |
Sep 2008 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
Bogdan R Cosofret; Shin Chang; Aram Faghfouri; Michael L Finson; Christopher M Gittins; Tracy E Janov; Ian M Konen; Daisei Konno; Mark J Levreault; William J Marinelli; Rex K Miyashiro; James O Jensen; PHYSICAL SCIENCES INC ANDOVER MA
|
| The Range Test Validation System (RTVS) includes a constellation of five AIRIS-WAD standoff multispectral sensors oriented around a 1000x1000 meter truth box at a range of 2700 meters. Column density data derived from these sensors is transmitted in real-time to a command post using a wireless network. The data is used with computed tomographic methods to produce 3-D cloud concentration profiles for chemical clouds traversing the box. These concentration profiles ... |
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| Development of Cell Type-Specific Contrast Agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Breast Tumors |
JAN 2008 |
22 pages |
| Authors:
Anton Chestukhin; PHYSICAL SCIENCES INC ANDOVER MA
|
| Magnetic Resonance Imaging is an emerging diagnostic tool for breast cancer that provides high-resolution three-dimensional images of tissues. A significant increase of specificity of detection of cancerous lesions could be achieved by use of tumor specific contrast agents (CA). Currently, tumor-specific targeting of CA is achieved by antibodies (Ab) or fragments thereof. The major disadvantages of Ab are their large size and ability to induce immune response. We proposed to ... |
|
| Cooling Glove Study |
MAR 2007 |
17 pages |
| Authors:
David I. Rosen; John C. Magill; HARTMUT H. LEGNER; PHYSICAL SCIENCES INC ANDOVER MA
|
| Soldiers operating in the desert wearing body armor and other heavy clothing cannot adequately dissipate heat Both physical and mental fiincflons are impaired when body core temperature increases. Performance can be enhanced and health risks reduced with the aid of the body core cooling device being developed in this program. The development described here builds on successful demonstrations by Heller et al. at Stanford University, which showed that heat can ... |
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| Low Noise Infrasonic Sensor System with High Reduction of Natural Background Noise |
MAY 2006 |
49 pages |
| Authors:
F. Kern; S. Africk; P. Cataldi; R. Chaves; PHYSICAL SCIENCES INC ANDOVER MA
|
| Physical Sciences Inc. has developed a new type of infrasound piezocable sensor system under this program's SBIR Phase 1 and Phase 2 funding from DTRA. The sensors consist of continuous lengths of off-the-shelf radially poled polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) coaxial cables, theoretically of arbitrary length, specially terminated and connected to state of the art, ultra high input impedance quiet amplifiers, tailored to the unique characteristics of the sensor outputs. Test data ... |
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| The Electric Oxygen-Iodine Laser: Chemical Kinetics of O2(a1 delta) Production and I(2P1/2) Excitation in Microwave Discharge Systems |
26 JAN 2006 |
16 pages |
| Authors:
W. T. Rawlins; S. Lee; W. J. Kessler; D. B. Oakes; L. G. Piper; S. J. Davis; PHYSICAL SCIENCES INC ANDOVER MA
|
| Generation of singlet oxygen metastables 02(a1DELTA) in an electric discharge plasma offers the potential for development of compact electric oxygen-iodine laser (EOIL) systems using a recyclable all-gas-phase medium. The primary technical challenge for this concept is to develop a high-power scalable electric discharge configuration that can produce high yields and flow rates of O2(a) to support I(2P1/2->2P3/2) lasing at high output power. This paper discusses the chemical kinetics of the ... |
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| Studies of an Advanced Iodine Laser Concept |
2006 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Amy J. R. Bauer; Seonkyung Lee; Danthu Vu; Kristin L. Galbally-Kinney; William J. Kessler; W. T. Rawlins; Steven J. Davis; PHYSICAL SCIENCES INC ANDOVER MA
|
| We discuss experimental results from spectroscopic and kinetic investigations of the reaction sequence starting with NCl3 + H. Through a series of abstraction reactions, NCl(a1 delta) is produced. We have used sensitive optical emission diagnostics and have observed both [NCl(a1 delta)] and [NCl(b1 epsilon)] produced by this reaction. Upon addition of HI to the flow, the reaction of H + HI produced iodine atoms that were pumped to the excited ... |
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| Scintillator-Based Low-Energy Imaging Particle Spectrometer |
APR 2005 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
G. E. Galica; R. L. Coxe; R. G. Chaves; H. E. Spence; B. K. Dichter; D. L. Cooke; G. Ginet; PHYSICAL SCIENCES INC ANDOVER MA
|
| Physical Sciences Inc. (PSI), in cooperation with the Boston University Center for Space Physics, and under the sponsorship of the Air Force Research Laboratory Space Vehicle Directorate, has developed and tested a lightweight, multi-configuration sensor to monitor the space weather environment. The scintillator-based, Low-Energy Imaging Particle Spectrometer (LIPS) is ideally suited to monitoring the lower energy (20 to 2000 keV) charged particle environment responsible for deep dielectric charging. The LIPS ... |
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| Development of the AIRIS-WAD Multispectral Sensor for Airborne Standoff Chemical Agent and Toxic Industrial Chemical Detection |
FEB 2005 |
|
| Authors:
William J. Marinelli; Christopher M. Gittins; Bogdan C. Cosofret; Teoman E. Ustun; James O. Jensen; PHYSICAL SCIENCES INC ANDOVER MA
|
 | The AIRIS Wide Area Detection System breadboard was employed in an airborne configuration to detect chemical agent simulant releases during the Technology Readiness Evaluations conducted at Dugway Proving Grounds in July 2002 (TRE-02) and at the Joint Urban 2003 tests at Oklahoma City, OK in July 2003. The observations were conducted from a gyro-stabilized pointing system mounted on a UH-1 helicopter and conducted at ranges up to ~7 km and ... |
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| AIRIS Wide Area Detector for Integrated Early Warning |
OCT 2004 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
William J. Marinelli; Michael L. Finson; John Hagge; Christopher M. Gittins; Teoman E. Ustun; Shing Chang; David C. Rossi; James O. Jensen; PHYSICAL SCIENCES INC ANDOVER MA
|
| We discuss the development of the AIRIS technology for the standoff detection, identification, and tracking of chemical warfare agents (CWA), toxic industrial chemicals (TIC), and biological warfare agent aerosols. This sensor is capable of detecting CWA vapors at levels required of the non-imaging JSLSCAD sensor, as well as many TICs, at their toxicity threshold. The development of this sensor will meet the need to detect smaller scale chemical releases at ... |
|
| Metallic Nanoprobes for Enhanced Raman and Fluorescence Spectroscopy |
18 NOV 2003 |
24 pages |
| Authors:
Mitchell R. Zakin; PHYSICAL SCIENCES INC ANDOVER MA
|
| Metallic Nanoprobe Fabrication: Current approaches include deposition of metal island films on substrates and salt-induced aggregation of metallic colloids; good enhancement is observed but reproducibility is a serious issue; variability in nanoprobe fabrication is responsible for assay variability. Our approach is to synthesize metallic nanosphere structures with controlled interparticle spacing to exploit significant field enhancement between particles; start with simplest structure nanosphere dimer; dimers permit fully solution-based assay. |
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| Dynamics of HF(v,J) Chemiluminescence and Lasing by Infrared Hyperspectral Imaging |
JUN 2003 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
S. J. Davis; W. T. Rawlins; D. B. Oakes; G. Dadusc; D. X. Hammer; PHYSICAL SCIENCES INC ANDOVER MA
|
| This paper presents results from a continuing investigation of mixing flowfields and optical gain profiles in HF chemical laser systems by infrared hyperspectral imaging. Chemiluminescent F + H2 reacting flowfields and chemical laser output beams are imaged at a series of wavelengths, 2.6 to 2.9 microns, by a low-order, spectrally scanning Fabry-Perot interferometer mated to an infrared camera. The resulting hyperspectral data cubes define the spectral and spatial distributions of ... |
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| Zwitterionic Electroactive Polymer Actuators |
15 MAY 2002 |
52 pages |
| Authors:
Mitchell R. Zakin; Susan T. Pasco; Amy B. Baldwin; Alan H. Gelb; John C. Magill; PHYSICAL SCIENCES INC ANDOVER MA
|
| Physical Sciences Inc. has developed an electroactive polymer-based material that undergoes a reversible conformational transition upon electrochemical reduction/oxidation. The enabling technology is a zwitterionic polyaniline derivative in which generation of +/- charge pairs upon oxidation provides significant conformational distortion along the polymer backbone, and a concomitant change in free volume. This novel actuation mechanism, analogous to that observed in lightly-crosslinked sulfonate gels, was confirmed using circular dichroism spectroscopy of thin ... |
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| Advanced Optical Diagnostics for HF Laser Development |
MAY 2002 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
W. T. Rawlins; D. B. Oakes; P. A. Mulhall; S. J. Davis; R. F. Wright; PHYSICAL SCIENCES INC ANDOVER MA
|
| We present results from a study that used a non-intrusive diagnostic for mixing, species concentration, optical gain, and spatial beam profile for HF chemical lasers. The instrument is based on hyperspectral imaging using a low order Fabry-Perot interferometer. The basic theory behind this technology is described and several applications to a chemically reacting flow field are presented. We also discuss application of this device to a subsonic HF chemical laser. ... |
|
| Chemistry of Atmospheric Excitation Processes |
JAN 2002 |
181 pages |
| Authors:
G. E. Caledonia; D. B. Oakes; B. L. Upschulte; R. H. Krech; H. C. Murphy; PHYSICAL SCIENCES INC ANDOVER MA
|
| We present here the findings of several investigations into the sources and magnitudes for excitation and collisional processes giving rise to atmospheric signatures from vibrationally and rotational excited molecular states including: vibrational energy transfer from nitrogen to CO2, production processes for high levels of NO(v, J), the NO dipole moment (including centrifugal distortion) and infrared transition strengths, relaxation mechanisms for relaxation of high rotational states of vibrationally excited OH, the ... |
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| Coastal Benthic Optical Properties (CoBOP): Optical Properties of Benthic Marine Organisms and Substrates |
2002 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
Charles H. Mazel; PHYSICAL SCIENCES INC ANDOVER MA
|
| Research was conducted as part of the ONR Departmental Research Initiative in Coastal Benthic Optical Properties (CoBOP). The long-term objective of our research is to gain an understanding of the nature and significance of fluorescence and reflectance characteristics of benthic marine organisms in general, and coral reef cnidarians in particular. We wish to determine how biological processes act to produce the optical properties and how optical measurements can be used ... |
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| Remote Characterization of Chemical Vapor Plumes by LWIR Imaging Fabry-Perot Spectrometry |
SEP 2001 |
|
| Authors:
Christopher M. Gittins; William J. Marinelli; James O. Jensen; PHYSICAL SCIENCES INC ANDOVER MA
|
| Physical Sciences Inc. has developed and tested two long-wavelength infrared (LWIR) hyperspectral imaging spectroradiometers based on the insertion of a rapidly tunable Fabry-Perot etalon in the field of view of a HgCdTe focal plane array (FPA). The tunable etalon-based optical system enables a wide field-of-view and the acquisition of narrowband (7 to 11/cm spectral resolution), radiometrically calibrated imagery throughout the 8 to 11 micrometer spectral region. The instruments function as ... |
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| Fragment-Field Analysis Testing System |
MAR 2001 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
Richard Barnard; Peter Nebolsine; PHYSICAL SCIENCES INC ANDOVER MA
|
| Physical Sciences Inc. (PSI) developed for the USAF Air Armament Center (AAC), Eglin AFB an arena test explosive warhead fragment characterization system. PSI's FRagment-Field Analysis testing (FRAT) system records a spatial impact location to an accuracy of approximately 1% of the screen area with a resolution time of 1 microns. PSI's innovative approach detects impact locations by encoding an electrical signal that is location dependent. PSI's FRAT system provides substantial ... |
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| Single Particle Studies of Heterogeneous Atmospheric Chemistry on Aluminum Oxide Particles in a Quadrupole Trap |
MAR 2000 |
89 pages |
| Authors:
A. J. Hunter; D. M. Sonnenfroh; D. B. Oakes; W. T. Rawlins; PHYSICAL SCIENCES INC ANDOVER MA
|
| This report documents a research program consisting of laboratory and field measurements investigating the atmospheric chemistry and aerosol microphysics of the impacts of rocket motor exhausts on upper atmospheric chemical cycles and ozone. The experimental investigation employs a laboratory quadrupole trap electrodynamic levitation apparatus to study heterogeneous processes on single aluminum oxide particles representative of those exhausted into the atmosphere by solid rocket motors. We ... |
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| Combustion Dynamics and Control in Liquid-Fueled Direct Injection Systems |
JAN 2000 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
John Magill; Matthew Bachmann; Keith McManus; PHYSICAL SCIENCES INC ANDOVER MA
|
| Experiments evaluating the performance of a closed-loop combustion stabilization algorithm show that the method can reduce the magnitude of pressure oscillations in a liquid-fueled combustor by more than 50%. This paper describes the gas-turbine type combustor facility used for the experiments, associated instrumentation, unsteady combustion experiments, and the control scheme employed to suppress the natural thermo-acoustic instability. The combustor exhibits a natural instability at 140 Hz, the result of dynamic ... |
|
| Fragment-Field Analysis Testing System |
2000 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
Richard Barnard; Peter Nebolsine; PHYSICAL SCIENCES INC ANDOVER MA
|
| Physical Sciences Inc. (PSI) developed for the USAF Air Armament Center (AAC), Eglin AFB an arena test explosive warhead fragment characterization system. PSI's FRagment-Field Analysis Testing (PRAT) system records a spatial impact location to an accuracy of approximately 1% of the screen area with a resolution time of 1 microsecs. PSI's innovative approach detects impact locations by encoding an electrical signal that is location dependent. PSI's FRAT system provides substantial ... |
|
| The Inherent Visible Light Signature of an Intense Underwater Ultraviolet Light Source Due to Combined Raman and Fluorescence Effects |
2000 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
Charles H. Mazel; Jody Kalata-Olson; Chuong Pham; PHYSICAL SCIENCES INC ANDOVER MA
|
| We investigated the utility of a portable, intense source of ultraviolet light for diver use in support of Very Shallow Water operations. The working hypothesis was that the light would be of use to divers at short-to-medium ranges (up to several meters) while remaining invisible to surface observers due to the inherent insensitivity of the human eye to ultraviolet light. The light source contained an arc discharge lamp rich in ... |
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| Passive and Active Standoff Infrared Detection of Bio-Aerosols |
1999 |
30 pages |
| Authors:
C. M. Gittins; L. G. Piper; W. T. Rawlins; W. J. Marinelli; James O. Jensen; Agnes N. Akinyemi; PHYSICAL SCIENCES INC ANDOVER MA
|
| Biological compounds are known to have infrared spectra indicative of specific functional groups. There is a strong interest in the use of passive means to detect airborne biological particles, such as spores and cells, which may act as biological weapons. At the sizes of interest, the infrared spectra of bacterial particles results from a combination of geometric [pi d(sub particle) > lambda] and Mie [pi d(sub particle) approx. lambda] scattering ... |
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| Infrared Emissions Modeling. Part 2 |
SEP 1998 |
207 pages |
| Authors:
B. D. Green; W. T. Rawlins; L. G. Piper; G. E. Caledonia; M. E. Fraser; PHYSICAL SCIENCES INC ANDOVER MA
|
| This report summarizes a multi-year program to analyze upper atmospheric radiance data to deduce product distributions, extract the operative kinetic mechanisms, and quantitatively determine local conditions in the emission volume. Spectral and kinetic models were used to analyze emissions from several molecules including NO, NO +, ozone, and excited nitrogen. Radiances rom the mesosphere both under equilibrium and non-equilibrium conditions were analyzed. The radiance changes produced by ... |
|
| Infrared Emissions Modeling. Part 1 |
SEP 1998 |
244 pages |
| Authors:
B. D. Green; W. T. Rawlins; L. G. Piper; G. E. Caledonia; M. E. Fraser; PHYSICAL SCIENCES INC ANDOVER MA
|
| This report summarizes a multi-year program to analyze upper atmospheric radiance data to deduce product distributions, extract the operative kinetic mechanisms, and quantitatively determine local conditions in the emission volume. Spectral and kinetic models were used to analyze emissions from several molecules including NO, NO+, ozone, and excited nitrogen. Radiances rom the mesosphere both under equilibrium and non-equilibrium conditions were analyzed. The radiance changes produced by ... |
|
| High Velocity Interceptor Investigations |
SEP 1998 |
103 pages |
| Authors:
Hartmut H. Legner; Alan H. Gelb; David I. Rosen; George E. Caledonia; PHYSICAL SCIENCES INC ANDOVER MA
|
| High velocity interceptors operating at low altitudes in the range from ^20 to 30 km will experience a stressing aerothermal environment which can impact performance of the infrared sensor/designator system. This report addresses primarily two aspects of high velocity interceptors: a novel passively cooled window concept and the control of boundary layer transition to turbulence. A totally new concept for maintaining the IR transmitting window of an interceptor at low ... |
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| Spectroscopic and Kinetic Studies Using Ultra-Sensitive Absorption and Room Temperature Diode Lasers |
SEP 1998 |
145 pages |
| Authors:
Steven J. Davis; William J. Kessler; PHYSICAL SCIENCES INC ANDOVER MA
|
| A program to apply diode lasers and ultra-sensitive absorption techniques to a variety of important Air Force problems is described. In this program, new gas phase sensors were developed for several applications including: diagnostics for advanced chemical oxygen iodine lasers (COIL), gas phase sensors for atmospheric studies and environmental monitoring, process manufacturing, and development of control strategies based on outputs from the sensors. In ... |
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| Continuous Water Vapor Mass Flux and Temperature Measurements in a Model Scramjet Combustor Using a Diode Laser Sensor |
1998 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
B. L. Upschulte; M. F. Miller; M. G. Allen; K. Jackson; M. Gruber; T. Mathur; PHYSICAL SCIENCES INC ANDOVER MA
|
| A sensor for simultaneous measurements of water vapor density, temperature and velocity has been developed based on absorption techniques using room temperature diode lasers (InGaAsP) operating at 1.31 micrometers. Sensor calibrations of density and temperature were acquired in a laboratory hot absorption cell and on a H2-air flat flame burner from 500 K to 2200 K. In the laboratory with 0.3 Hz bandwidth and path-length of 70 cm in the ... |
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| An Air Bearing Balance with 1-DOF Spin Capability |
1998 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
J. C. Magill; K. R. McManus; M. R. Malonson; J. A. Ziehler; M. F. Hinds; PHYSICAL SCIENCES INC ANDOVER MA
|
| This paper describes the development and testing of a one degree-of-freedom air bearing balance for dynamic wind tunnel testing. The balance permits test articles to spin without friction while making measurements of loads. Five load components are measured by sensing pressures in the air bearing film. The sixth component - rolling torque - is determined by sensing the current needed by the brushless spin motor to maintain a given rotation ... |
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| AIRIS HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGERY OF AIRCRAFT AND BACKGROUNDS, |
NOV 1997 |
|
| Authors:
William J. Marinelli; BYRON D. GREEN; Anthony J. Ratkowski; E. R. Huppi; PHYSICAL SCIENCES INC ANDOVER MA
|
| (U) THIS PAPER DESCRIBES THE ADAPTIVE INFRARED IMAGING SPECTRORADIOMETER (AIRIS), A HYPERSPECTRALIMAGING SYSTEM COMPRISING A LOW ORDER TUNABLE FABRY-PEROT ETALON COUPLED TO AN INSB FOCAL PLANE, AND REPORTS ON THE USE OF AIRIS TO IMAGE SURROGATE AIRCRAFT TARGETS AGAINST CLUTTERED BACKGROUND SCENES, INCLUDING AIRFIELDS. IT ALSO REPORTS ON APPROACHES USED TO SELECT THE CRITICAL WAVELENGTHS FOR SAMPLING THE SCENE, AND ON PROCESSING METHODS TO ISOLATE TARGETS FROM THE BACKGROUND CLUTTER. ... |
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| ADAPTIVE INFRARED IMAGING SPECTRORADIOMETER (AIRIS), |
JUL 1997 |
|
| Authors:
William J. Marinelli; BYRON D. GREEN; Anthony J. Ratkowski; E. R. Huppi; PHYSICAL SCIENCES INC ANDOVER MA
|
| (U) THIS PAPER DESCRIBES THE ADAPTIVE INFRARED IMAGING SPECTRORADIOMETER (AIRIS) WHICH IS A HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGING SYSTEM COMPRISING A LOW ORDER TUNABLE FABRY-PEROT ETALON COUPLED TO AN INSB FOCAL PLANE. THE PAPER DISCUSSES THE UNDERLYING CONCEPTS WHICH FORM THE BASIS OF THE AIRIS SENSOR, AND IMPLEMENTATIONS OF THE CONCEPTS, AS WELL AS METHODS FOR OPTIMIZING SYSTEM PERFORMANCE. IT PRESENTS LABORATORY AND LIMITED FIELD DATA GATHERED BY MWIR VARIANTS OF THE SENSOR, ... |
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| Airis Hyperspectral Imaging Technology |
97 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Christopher M. Gittins; William J. Marinelli; Anthony J. Ratkowski; PHYSICAL SCIENCES INC ANDOVER MA
|
| The Adaptive Infrared Imaging Sectroradiometer (AIRIS) is a hyperspectral imaging system comprising a low order tunable Fabry Perot etalon coupled to an IR focal plane array. A MWIR AIRIS system utilizing an InSb focal plane was developed by Physical Sciences Inc. (PSI) under the sponsorship of the Armament Division, Air Force Wright Laboratories for high-speed multispectral imagery of countermeasures and missile systems. In this paper we discuss: (1) the underlying ... |
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| Hypersonic Flow Ultraviolet Signatures |
23 JUN 96 |
131 pages |
| Authors:
G. E. Caledonia; R. H. Krech; PHYSICAL SCIENCES INC ANDOVER MA
|
| We have investigated the kinetic aspects of the shuttle glow. This work includes a review of previous experimental studies and recent flight data, an evaluation of thermal accommodation and desorption of NO on an engineering surface, a suggested glow mechanism, glow intensity predictions for the Skipper Mission and a Monte Carlo analysis of the flow environment. |
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| Compact Hydrogen Maser with a High Temperature Superconductor-Based Cavity |
FEB 96 |
73 pages |
| Authors:
Michael E. Read; PHYSICAL SCIENCES INC ANDOVER MA
|
| The goal of the program was the demonstration of the feasibility of a compact hydrogen maser by use of a high temperature superconductor (HTS)-based cavity. The cavity was of the "lumped element" type, with dimensions about 1/4 those of the TE(sub 01) cylindrical cavity normally used. A coating of HTS on the cavity electrodes was used to increase the Q from about 5,000 for copper to a value over 25,000 ... |
|
| Gas Phase Mid-IR Lasers |
JAN 96 |
46 pages |
| Authors:
Steven J. Davis; William J. Kessler; Karl W. Holtzclaw; PHYSICAL SCIENCES INC ANDOVER MA
|
| A program to develop and apply new mid-IR lasers for Air Force applications is described. Optically pumped lasers that operate either on vibrational or electronic transitions are discussed. Systems include molecular iodine as an electronic transition laser and HF, DF, and HCl as vibrational laser systems. Both experimental and modeling results are described in this report. One of the most exciting aspects of this effort is the possibility of using ... |
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| Ultraviolet Emissions Occurring About Hypersonic Vehicles in Rarefied Flows |
APR 94 |
60 pages |
| Authors:
George E. Caledonia; Robert H. Krech; PHYSICAL SCIENCES INC ANDOVER MA
|
| This report includes: (1) an investigation of the kinetic mechanisms for the visible shuttle glow; (2) an overview of flight and laboratory investigations of VUV to IR surface glows observed at hypersonic velocities in low earth orbit conditions; (3) a summary of the flight-measured absolute intensities observed for rarefied ram flow at VUV, UV and visible wavelengths as a function of altitude; and (4) a brief look at seeker sensor ... |
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| Ultrasensitive Infrared Chemiluminescence Detection |
OCT 93 |
353 pages |
| Authors:
W. T. Rawlins; M. E. Fraser; K. W. Holtzclaw; W. J. Marinelli; H. C. Murphy; PHYSICAL SCIENCES INC ANDOVER MA
|
| This document is the Final Report for a 5-year project dedicated to investigations of chemical processes related to the excitation of infrared chemiluminescent radiation in the upper atmosphere. The effort has included experimental measurements of molecular infrared fluorescence, from 2 to 25 micrometers, excited by energetic chemical reactions involving upper atmospheric and aurorally excited species. Observed IR radiators include electronically excited molecular nitrogen, vibrationally excited N20, and rovibrationally excited CO(v,J) ... |
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| The Importance of Vibrationally Excited Nitrogen in Silicon Nitride Deposition Systems |
AUG 93 |
52 pages |
| Authors:
Lawrence G. Piper; PHYSICAL SCIENCES INC ANDOVER MA
|
| We have investigated the kinetics of N2(X, v) quenching by silane. These studies were a first step in understanding the kinetic processes important in silicon nitride coating systems using the remote plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition technique. Our experiments were carried out in a discharge-flow reactor and used metastable energy transfer diagnostics to detect N2(X, v) in vibrational levels from zero up to at least 13. (Author) |
|
| Energy Transfer Studies in Interhalogen Molecules |
JAN 93 |
59 pages |
| Authors:
S. J. Davis; K. W. Holtzclaw; W. J. Kessler; L. G. Piper; PHYSICAL SCIENCES INC ANDOVER MA
|
| This program is examining energy transfer processes in interhalogen molecules that have potential for visible chemical laser development. Spectrally resolved laser induced fluorescence is used to determine rotation-to-translation (R-T) and vibration-to-translation (V-T) rate coefficients. In this report we compare several fitting laws for R-T transfer to data obtained for IF and IC1 interactions with several collision partners. We have also obtained preliminary data on V-T relaxation within the ground electronic ... |
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| Direct Optical Measurements of Vorticity Vectors in Turbulent Taylor Vortex Flow with the Vorticity Optical Probe, |
23 JUL 1992 |
|
| Authors:
R. D. Ferguson; Michael B. Frish; PHYSICAL SCIENCES INC ANDOVER MA
|
| Vorticity measurements with the Vorticity Optical Probe in the turbulent Taylor vortex regime of Couette-Taylor Flow are described. Preliminary data near the outer boundary (y/g=0.1) at Reynolds numbers above and below a skin friction scaling transition at R approx. 1000) suggest that this transition occurs when vortical filaments can no longer be organized and contained by the Taylor vortex cells. Turbulent vorticity fluctuations appear to exceeded the local mean vorticity ... |
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| Optical Diagnostics in Supersonic Combusting Systems |
APR 92 |
|
| Authors:
T. E. Parker; M. G. Allen; S. J. Davis; K. Donohue; R. R. Foutter; PHYSICAL SCIENCES INC ANDOVER MA
|
| The development of supersonic combusting ramjet (SCRAMJET) engines requires testing using new, nonintrusive, instrumentation methods in high-speed, high-enthalpy flow facilities. This report describes a test series using a shock tunnel to produce Mach 3.0 flows with stagnation temperatures in excess of 3000 K and an optical diagnostic set specifically tailored for measurements in supersonic high temperature systems. The test facility includes a hydrogen injection capability which makes combustion tests possible ... |
|
| Velocity Measurements in High Temperature Gases Using Laser-Induced No Fluorescence |
OCT 91 |
71 pages |
| Authors:
M. G. Allen; S. J. Davis; PHYSICAL SCIENCES INC ANDOVER MA
|
| This report describes the results of a Phase I SBIR program which investigated the applicability of a Laser Induced Fluorescence (LIF) velocimetry diagnostic technique based on Doppler-shifted NO fluorescence. The intent of the program was to quantitatively understand the potential accuracy of the approach in high-temperature, high-pressure gas flow applications when one is restricted to use only a single laser wavelength. The single laser wavelength approach greatly simplifies the experimental ... |
|
| A Survey of Optical Diagnostic Methods for the Study of Fuel Fouling |
JUN 91 |
49 pages |
| Authors:
T. E. Parker; R. R. Foutter; W. T. Rawlins; PHYSICAL SCIENCES INC ANDOVER MA
|
| An experimental study of fuel fouling using optical measurement methods was performed. These measurements included absorption from 350 to 750 nm, scattering at 514.5 nm, and fluorescence using a probe wavelength of 514.5 nm. Measurements were performed using a constant temperature heating system which exited into an optical cell. Each of the measurements proved useful in monitoring changes in the test fuel, JP-4, at test temperatures up to 775 K ... |
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| Measurements of Vorticity Vectors in Couette Flow with the Vorticity Optical Probe |
MAY 91 |
159 pages |
| Authors:
R. D. Ferguson; Michael B. Frish; PHYSICAL SCIENCES INC ANDOVER MA
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| A prototype Vorticity Optical Probe (VOP) electro-optical system, data reduction and analysis procedures, and algorithms were developed and tested in this Phase II SBIR program. Also, a new type of VOP probe particle, made with acrylamide gel, was invented in this program. This achievement permits the VOP to be used in water. The VOP system was employed in a study of the vorticity fields in several precision Couette flow regimes. ... |
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| Vibrationally Assisted Transfer Laser |
MAR 91 |
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| Authors:
S. J. Davis; W. J. Kessler; K. Donohue; L. G. Piper; PHYSICAL SCIENCES INC ANDOVER MA
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| Described are results from an experimental investigation of a novel concept for the production of a short wavelength chemical laser (SWCL). The most promising approach for producing such a laser is through energy transfer pumping from a chemically produced, metastable species such as NF(a1Delta) and O2(a1Delta). Previous investigations have shown that species such as NF(a) and O2(a) can excite laser candidates such as BiF an IF. Our results show that ... |
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| Rates and Mechanisms of Metastable Deactivation over Surfaces |
FEB 91 |
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| Authors:
W. T. Rawlins; W. J. Marinelli; A. M. Woodward; D. Kaufman; B. L. Upschulte; PHYSICAL SCIENCES INC ANDOVER MA
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| The objective of this project was to investigate mechanisms of energy disposal in the quenching of rare gas and molecular metastable species upon collisions with practical surfaces representative of plasma reactors. An apparatus was designed and constructed to generate a molecular beam of selected metastable species (He*, Ar*, N2*) and impinge the beam on clean or gas-dosed surfaces in an ultra high vacuum (UHV) chamber. The metastables were generated in ... |
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| Laser-Based Diagnostics for N2(X,v) |
OCT 90 |
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| Authors:
L. G. Piper; PHYSICAL SCIENCES INC ANDOVER MA
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| This program was designed to study diagnostics for N2(X,v ) energy transfer reactions, particularly those which might be important in chemical laser systems. The program had four primary components: (1) the development of N2(X,v ) diagnostics; (2) the quantitative correlation of these various diagnostics; (3) the characterization of various sources of N2(X,v ); and (4) the study of N2(X,v ) energy transfer reactions. (TTL) |
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| PLIF Imaging of Species and Temperature Distributions in Spray Flames |
FEB 90 |
65 pages |
| Authors:
M. G. Allen; K. Donohue; S. J. Davis; PHYSICAL SCIENCES INC ANDOVER MA
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| This Phase I SBIR program investigated the application of Planar Laser-Induced Fluorescence (PLIF) to measurements of species concentration and temperature distributions in liquid-fueled spray flames. A bench-top spray burner was constructed and characterized with n-heptane fuel. Using laser sheet illumination, time-averaged and instantaneous distributions of the OH radical were obtained. Ratios of time-averaged OH distributions obtained from two isolated rotational levels were used to infer the time-averaged temperature in the ... |
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Reports by Corporate Author
