| The Influence of Thermal Exposure on Diver Susceptibility to Decompression Sickness |
NOV 2007 |
70 pages |
| Authors:
Wayne A. Gerth; Victor L. Ruterbusch; Edwin T. Long; NAVY EXPERIMENTAL DIVING UNIT PANAMA CITY FL
|
 | The incidences of decompression sickness (DCS) were compared in divers who completed air decompression dives while fully immersed in water at temperature controlled independently [either warm (36.1 C, 97 OF) or cold (26.7 C, 80 OF)] during bottom time (BT) and decompression phases. Divers wore only loosely fitting swim trunks, t-shirts, and neoprene boots and dive gloves, performed cycle ergometer exercise while at bottom, rested during decompression, and remained under ... |
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| Pulmonary Effects of Eight-Hour MK 16 MOD 1 Dives |
OCT 2007 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
B. Shykoff; NAVY EXPERIMENTAL DIVING UNIT PANAMA CITY FL
|
| Most conclusions that we have reached about pulmonary oxygen toxicity at an oxygen partial pressure of 1.3 atm have been obtained from shallow dives with 100% oxygen. To confirm that results are valid for the MK 18 MOD 1, we compared effects of 8-hour dives at a depth of 50 feet (50% oxygen) to those previously attained at 12 to 14 feet. Seventeen U.S. Navy divers dove underwater in the ... |
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| Pulmonary Oxygen Toxicity with Exercise: Single MK 25 Rebreather Dives or Split 6-Hour Exposures |
OCT 2007 |
16 pages |
| Authors:
B. Shykoff; NAVY EXPERIMENTAL DIVING UNIT PANAMA CITY FL
|
| Pulmonary effects of the MK 25 rebreather underwater breathing apparatus (UBA) were compared to those of the MK 20 open circuit UBA in single dives performed by 23 U.S. Navy divers. The apparatus was then used for split six-hour exercise dives on each of two days (three-hour dive, four-hour surface interval, three-hour dive, 16 hours overnight, repeat the dive sequence). Physical performance was measured in conjunction with the dives. Two ... |
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| Interspiro Divator MK II and DP2 Evaluation (Unmanned) |
FEB 2007 |
38 pages |
| Authors:
Michael Briere; NAVY EXPERIMENTAL DIVING UNIT PANAMA CITY FL
|
| The Interspiro DP2 and Divator MK II UBAs with the Divator positive-pressure and nonpositive-pressure full face masks (FFMs) were evaluated as possible candidate UBAs for inclusion on the Authorised for Navy Use (ANU) List. Resistive effort (RE) evaluations were conducted in 38 F fresh water and 29 F salt water. A free-flow evaluation - in which one FFM was breathed with a Reimers breathing simulator while a second FFM was ... |
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| Comprehensive Performance Limits for Divers' Underwater Breathing Gear: Consequences of Adopting Diver-Focused Limits |
JAN 2007 |
32 pages |
| Authors:
D. E. Warkander; NAVY EXPERIMENTAL DIVING UNIT PANAMA CITY FL
|
| An underwater breathing apparatus (UBA) imposes loads on the diver: anything from the UBA's weight to those imposed on the respiratory muscles, some of the weakest muscles in the body. The types of respiratory loads imposed by a UBA are breathing resistance, elastic loads, hydrostatic imbalance (static lung load), inertial loads and CO2. Historically, the limits on resistive efforts have been based on the performance on the best commercially available ... |
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| Four-Hour Dives with Exercise While Breathing Oxygen Partial Pressure of 1.3 ATM |
SEP 2006 |
27 pages |
| Authors:
B. Shykoff; NAVY EXPERIMENTAL DIVING UNIT PANAMA CITY FL
|
| The U.S. Navy Diving Manual authorizes divers to breathe oxygen for up to 240 minutes per day at depths of 20 feet of seawater (fs1w) or less but does not address the possible accumulation of effects over multiple days. We have conducted experimental four-hour dives with oxygen partial pressure (Po2) of approximately 1.4 atmospheres (atm)2,3 and have concluded that the limit of 240 minutes in 24 hours appears to be ... |
|
| Submerged Manned Testing of the Prototype Hydrotech Aqua Heat System |
AUG 2006 |
31 pages |
| Authors:
Paul E. O'Connor; Dale Hyde; Demetri Economos; Rene Beck; NAVY EXPERIMENTAL DIVING UNIT PANAMA CITY FL
|
| Eight U.S. Navy divers were submerged in 7.2 C (45 degrees F) water for a maximum of two hours in three different conditions: no heating while wearing a semidry suit, heated in a semidry suit, and heated in a 7mm wet suit. A total of 35 W was delivered to each heating pad. Statistical analysis demonstrated that providing heating to the divers afforded no benefits in reducing the effects of ... |
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| Potential Benefits of Navy Dive Computer Use in Ships Husbandry Diving: Analysis of Dives Conducted on the USS RONALD REAGAN (CVN-76) |
MAR 2006 |
14 pages |
| Authors:
Keith A. Gault; NAVY EXPERIMENTAL DIVING UNIT PANAMA CITY FL
|
| Navy dive computers were used to record 23 of 25 air dives performed for ships husbandry on the aircraft carrier USS RONALD REAGAN (CVN-76) during summer 2004. For each of the 23 dives, decompression status was assessed from the maximum recorded depth and bottom time according to the U.S. Navy (USN) Standard Air Tables and from the recorded dive profile according to the Navy Dive Computer VVAL-18 Thalmann Algorithm (NDC/VVAL-18). ... |
|
| Dive Lab XLDS RDC-3 and Interspiro DP2 as Candidates for an Extreme Lightweight Diving System (Unmanned) |
JAN 2006 |
25 pages |
| Authors:
M. Briere; NAVY EXPERIMENTAL DIVING UNIT PANAMA CITY FL
|
| INTRODUCTION: Commercial lightweight surface Supply divers' consoles underwent unmanned resistive effort testing. This report presents results from the Dive Lab XLDS RDC-3 and Interspiro DP2 lightweight consoles. METHODS: Four Dive Lab XLDS RDC-3 and five Interspiro DP2 consoles were tested. Resistive effort wee determined at a water temperature of 38 F (3.3 C). A breathing simulator with a sine wave breathing pattern was used, and the exhaled air was heated ... |
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| ONR/MARCORSYSCOM Evaluation of Self-Applied Tourniquets for Combat Applications |
NOV 2005 |
76 pages |
| Authors:
V. L. Ruterbusch; M. J. Swiergosz; L. D. Montgomery; K. W. Hopper; W. A. Gerth; NAVY EXPERIMENTAL DIVING UNIT PANAMA CITY FL
|
| Six tourniquets designed for combat application were tested for their ease of use and ability to occlude arterial blood flow to the upper arms and thighs in a repeated measures design. To simulate nighttime desert combat conditions, subjects completed an exercise routine while the tourniquet was immersed in a blood analog solution and rolled in sand. Subjects then applied the tourniquet while they were blindfolded and seated or lying supine. ... |
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| Two Consecutive Five-Day Weeks of Daily Four-Hour Dives with Oxygen Partial Pressure 1.4 ATM |
NOV 2005 |
16 pages |
| Authors:
B. Shykoff; NAVY EXPERIMENTAL DIVING UNIT PANAMA CITY FL
|
| Sixteen U.S. Navy divers began a series of 4-hour dives at a Po2 of 1.4 atm daily for two consecutive five-day weeks. Nine divers were able to finish; all withdrawals were for nonpulmonary reasons. Divers rested on the bottom of a 15-foot fresh water pool and breathed humidified 100% oxygen open circuit from MK 20 full face masks. Flow-volume curves and diffusing capacity were measured at baseline, daily during diving, ... |
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| Pulmonary Effects of Eight Hours Underwater Breathing 1.35 ATM Oxygen: 100% Oxygen or 16% Nitrogen, 84% Oxygen |
OCT 2005 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
B. Shykoff; NAVY EXPERIMENTAL DIVING UNIT PANAMA CITY FL
|
| To investigate how 16% nitrogen in the breathing gas affects pulmonary oxygen toxicity when Po2 is held at 1.35 atmospheres, 31 U.S. Navy divers dove underwater in the Ocean Simulation Facility of the Navy Experimental Diving Unit (NEDU) at 20 feet of seawater with 16% N2, 84% O2 as the breathing gas, and 23 divers breathing 100% O2 dove in the NEDU test pool. Dives were 8 hours long at ... |
|
| Repeated Six-Hour Dives 1.35 ATM Oxygen Partial Pressure |
OCT 2005 |
27 pages |
| Authors:
B. Shykoff; NAVY EXPERIMENTAL DIVING UNIT PANAMA CITY FL
|
| The U.S. Navy Diving Manual currently limits the use of oxygen in diving to a maximum of four hours in a 24-hour period. Technical limitations no longer restrict dive lengths to four hours, and for some operations, longer dives may be useful. This report details some effects of multiple six-hour underwater exposures to oxygen partial pressure (Po2) of 1.35 atmospheres (atm), as specified in the task Pulmonary Oxygen Toxicity after ... |
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| Pulmonary Effects of Six-Hour Dives: In-Water or Dry Chamber Exposure to an Oxygen Partial Pressure of 1.6 ATM |
OCT 2005 |
17 pages |
| Authors:
B. Shykoff; NAVY EXPERIMENTAL DIVING UNIT PANAMA CITY FL
|
| Pulmonary effects of exposure to hyperbatic oxygen in the water were compared to those for similar exposure in adry chamber. For six hours, 34 subjects breathed 100% oxygen at 20 feet of seawater, in either the wet pot or a dry chamber of the Navy Experimental Diving Unit Ocean Simulation Facility, with 28 individuals participating in both dives and 12 able to dive only once. Owes were two months apart. ... |
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| Comparison of Human Factors Characteristics of the Kirby Morgan(Trademark) 37 and MK 21 Helmets During a Chamber Dive to 380 FSW |
SEP 2005 |
33 pages |
| Authors:
N. A. Carlson; NAVY EXPERIMENTAL DIVING UNIT PANAMA CITY FL
|
| The human factors characteristics of Kirby Morgan(TradeMark) 37 (KM 37) and U.S. Navy MK 21 diving helmets were compared. Both helmets were derived from the Kirby Morgan KM 17 A/B helmets, except that the KM 37 used a new Tri-Valve(TradeMark) Exhaust System and a neck dam/neck ring assembly, chin support, and neck pad from the Kirby Morgan 21 helmet. The KM 37 and MK 21 helmets both used the same ... |
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| Laboratory Evaluation of the Analox Sub MK II P-S Prototype Hyperbaric O2CO2 Analyzer |
SEP 2005 |
54 pages |
| Authors:
R. S. Lillo; J. M. Caldwell; NAVY EXPERIMENTAL DIVING UNIT PANAMA CITY FL
|
| Three prototype Analox hyperbaric analyzers (model SUB MK II P-S), modified by the manufacturer from a commercially available model designed for submarine escape situations, were evaluated as devices suitable for monitoring O2 and CO2 under pressure during Dry Deck Shelter (DDS) operations. Analyzers were tested in two locations in the laboratory: (1) on the laboratory bench at ambient pressure. and (2) inside a temperature-controlled hyperbaric chamber at pressures less than ... |
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| Carbon Dioxide Washout of an Emergency Breathing System Mask Modified for Use in the Advanced Seal Delivery System (ASDS) Trainer |
AUG 2005 |
17 pages |
| Authors:
N. A. Carlson; D. Warkander; NAVY EXPERIMENTAL DIVING UNIT PANAMA CITY FL
|
| A modified emergency Breathing System full face mask was evaluated for use in the Advanced SEAL Delivery System trainer. The mask contained an oral-nasal cup and two spiral-wound plastic hoses on its inhalation and exhalation openings. Each hose was six feet long with an inside diameter of 1.25 inches and had six rectangular slots cut through the hose wall. The slots were approximately eight inches from one end of each ... |
|
| Evaluation of the Joint Service General Purpose Mask, XM50 |
JUL 2005 |
74 pages |
| Authors:
Dale Hyde; Meave Garigan; Dennis Johnson; NAVY EXPERIMENTAL DIVING UNIT PANAMA CITY FL
|
| The Joint Service General Purpose Mask (JSGPM) is the next generation chemical protective mask intended to replace the MCU-2 and M-40 series masks. Developmental testing and user assessment of the XM5O, a variant of the JSGPM, indicated that the XM5O lacked sufficient fogging mitigation1 and sweat reduction capabilities. Lens fogging and sweat accumulation in the mask degrade user confidence, impose a physiological burden upon the user, and can seriously degrade ... |
|
| A Navy Diving Supervisor's Guide to the Nontechnical Skills Required for Safe and Productive Diving Operations |
JUN 2005 |
40 pages |
| Authors:
Paul E. O'Connor; NAVY EXPERIMENTAL DIVING UNIT PANAMA CITY FL
|
| Although the diving community is proficient in identifying and mitigating technical problems, it is not as adept in recognizing and reducing the nontechnical human factors errors that cause accidents. This guide aims to provide Navy divers with background information on the nontechnical skills required for safe and productive diving operations. The skills addressed are based upon extensive research of Navy diving mishaps. |
|
| Manned Evaluation of a Diver Heater for SDV Applications Using Hydrogen Catalytic Reactions |
JUN 2005 |
61 pages |
| Authors:
M. L. Nuckols; J. C. Chao; M. J. Swiergoaz; NAVY EXPERIMENTAL DIVING UNIT PANAMA CITY FL
|
| Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA) 000 tasked Navy Experimental Diving Unit (NEDU) to assess the effectiveness of an experimental diver heater being developed in partnership by Duke University and NSWC Panama City under sponsorship of the Office of Naval Research.1 This proof of concept study was designed to investigate whether a prototype hydrogen catalytic heater, when used in conjunction with a recently developed integrated closed-circuit tube suit-dry suit thermal protection ... |
|
| Psychometric Evaluation of the Mindstreams Neuropsychological Screening Tool |
JUN 2005 |
24 pages |
| Authors:
J. L. Melton; NAVY EXPERIMENTAL DIVING UNIT PANAMA CITY FL
|
| This study explored the psychometric properties of the Mindstreams neuropsychological assessment. Twenty-one subjects completed baseline measures as well as three postdive assessments, each occurring after dives of 130, 150, and 190 feet of Seawater (Fow). Results demonstrated good coefficients of stability and equivalence. Little learning effect was demonstrated over three assessments. More work on clinical use of the measure for cognitive changes due to cerebral decompression illness needs to be ... |
|
| An Investigation of the Nontechnical Skills Required to Maximize the Safety and Productivity of U.S. Navy Divers |
APR 2005 |
32 pages |
| Authors:
Paul E. O'Connor; NAVY EXPERIMENTAL DIVING UNIT PANAMA CITY FL
|
| Although U.S. Navy diving is remarkably safe, because of the high-risk environment in which the divers work, accidents and mishaps do occur. The U.S. Navy diving community is adept at identifying and mitigating technical problems. However, it is not as adept with the nontechnical or human factors that cause accidents. Safety research has shown that human performance problems most heavily shape risks in hazardous industries: the greatest cause of approximately ... |
|
| Pulmonary Function After Oxygen-Accelerated Decompressions from Repetitive Sub-Saturation Air Dives |
APR 2005 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
B. E. Shykoff; NAVY EXPERIMENTAL DIVING UNIT PANAMA CITY FL
|
| The Submarine Rescue and Diving Recompression System (SRDRS), the future disabled submarine rescue capability for the U.S. Navy, will include a module capable of transporting up to 16 submariners and two operators, and a surface chamber able to accommodate up to 36 people. A total of 10 dives would be required to rescue a 155-man crew. Oxygen-accelerated decompression as part of a repeated-dive profile could permit 10 operators to rescue ... |
|
| Oxygen-Accelerated Decompression of Submarine Rescue and Diving Recompression System (SRDRS) Operators and Tenders |
APR 2005 |
137 pages |
| Authors:
Wayne A. Gerth; NAVY EXPERIMENTAL DIVING UNIT PANAMA CITY FL
|
| The objective of the present study was to develop and man-test oxygen-accelerated decompression schedules for repetitive sub-saturation air exposures by SRDRS PRM Operators and SDC Tenders in pressurized DISSUB rescue scenarios. A secondary objective was to evaluate the performance of the MBS 2000 Hyperbaric Oxygen Treatment Pack (HOTP) (Dive Systems International),2 a lightweight closed-circuit breathing apparatus planned to support oxygen breathing requirements of decompression schedules in actual DISSUB rescue scenarios. ... |
|
| Limited Unmanned Evaluation of the DIVEX SLS MK IV Backpack at Sea Level and 1000 FSW |
APR 2005 |
43 pages |
| Authors:
M. J. Swiergosz; R. J. Steckel; NAVY EXPERIMENTAL DIVING UNIT PANAMA CITY FL
|
| Resistive efforts, inhalation gas temperatures, and carbon dioxide (CO2) canister and bottle durations were measured from two Secondary Life Support (SLS) system MK IV backpacks attached to the SLS helmet (Divex, LTD) in simulated conditions. Resistive effort at 0 feet of seawater (fsw) was assessed at three different backpack orientations (0 degrees, 45 degrees, 90 degrees), and all of the dependent measures were assessed at depth (1000 fsw) at the ... |
|
| Manned Evaluation of a Prototype Composite Cold Water Diving Garment Using Liquids and Superinsulation Aerogel Materials |
07 MAR 2005 |
28 pages |
| Authors:
M. L. Nuckols; J. C. Chao; M. J. Swiergosz; NAVY EXPERIMENTAL DIVING UNIT PANAMA CITY FL
|
| Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA) OOC tasked Navy Experimental Diving Unit (NEDU) to assess the effectiveness of an experimental composite cold water diving garment developed in a partnership among Southwest Research Institute (San Antonio, TX), Duke University (Durham, NC), and Aspen Systems (Marlborough, MA) under the sponsorship of the Office of Naval Research (ONR).1 The objective of this assessment was to quantify physical and psychological characteristics of divers wearing materials ... |
|
| Graphical Analysis: Decompression Tables and Dive-Outcome Data |
DEC 2004 |
34 pages |
| Authors:
H. D. Van Liew; E. T. Flynn; NAVY EXPERIMENTAL DIVING UNIT PANAMA CITY FL
|
| We use a graphical approach to compare prescriptions for ascent given by various air decompression tables with outcomes of experimental dives compiled in the U.S. Navy' Decompression Database. For a given dive depth, we plot times at decompression stops plus time to travel from depth to the surface (TDT) on the Y-axis end bottom time on the X-axis. The analysis dramatizes the large differences among alternative decompression instructions: tables from ... |
|
| A Simple Probabilistic Model for Estimating the Risk of Standard Air Dives |
DEC 2004 |
49 pages |
| Authors:
H. D. Van Liew; E. T. Flynn; NAVY EXPERIMENTAL DIVING UNIT PANAMA CITY FL
|
| Statistical fitting of an algorithm to "calibration data" gives parameter values for a "probabilistic decompression model." Some previous probabilistic models prescribe long times at decompression stops for standard air dives. Here we present a simple model, based on premises different from those used previously, to test whether long decompression times are necessary and to enable risk of decompression sickness (UCS) to be estimated in air dives. Using logistic regression, we ... |
|
| Probability of Decompression Sickness in No-Stop Air Diving |
DEC 2004 |
51 pages |
| Authors:
Hugh D. Van Liew; Edward T. Flynn; NAVY EXPERIMENTAL DIVING UNIT PANAMA CITY FL
|
| We produce statistics-based (probabilistic) and intuition-based (deterministic) models using dive-outcome data from the U.S. Navy Decompression Database to gain an understanding of the no-stop diving instructions used by the U.S. Navy and various other navies. The models allow estimation of probability of decompression sickness (DCS) for various bottom times for air no-stop diving. Our calibration data set contains 2.037 experimental no-stop dives with 104 cases of decompression sickness (DCS) and ... |
|
| Chamber Carbon Dioxide and Ventilation |
NOV 2004 |
30 pages |
| Authors:
Wayne A. Gerth; NAVY EXPERIMENTAL DIVING UNIT PANAMA CITY FL
|
| Maintenance of atmospheric carton dioxide (CO2) concentrations within physiologically acceptable limits is critical to the safe operation of hyperbaric chambers and manned diving systems. Quantitative understanding of CO2 accumulation in such systems is required to specify minimum ventilation rates and CO2 scrubbing capacities. Quantitative expressions are derived for computing the maximum carbon dioxide partial pressure (Pco2) attained ins well-stirred chamber at constant temperature and pressure during continuous and intermittent ventilation ... |
|
| Repeated Four-Hour Dives With PO2 = 1.35 ATM |
JUL 2004 |
21 pages |
| Authors:
B. Shykoff; NAVY EXPERIMENTAL DIVING UNIT PANAMA CITY FL
|
| U.S. Navy divers performed multiple experimental four-hour resting dives while breathing 100% O2 underwater at a partial pressure of 1.35 atm. Eighteen divers completed two dives with a surface interval of 44 hours. 17 completed two dives with a surface interval of 20 hours. and 16 completed five dives with surface intervals of 20 hours. Pulmonary function and symptoms were monitored before. between. and after the dives. and visual acuity ... |
|
| Manned Testing of Standard MK 25 MOD 2 Purge Procedures With KMS 48 Full Face Mask |
JUL 2004 |
41 pages |
| Authors:
N. A. Carlson; NAVY EXPERIMENTAL DIVING UNIT PANAMA CITY FL
|
| The volume of oxygen used and resulting oxygen partial pressure (P202) were determined when Current predive/surface and underwater purge procedures for the U.S. Navy MK 25 MOD 2 underwater breathing apparatus were performed with the KMS 48 face mask (Kirby Morgan Dive Systems; Santa Barbara, CA). A secondary purpose was to determine maximum pulmonary pressure (max Pmask) during ascent. Regardless of mouthpiece (T-bit or oral cup) used, purges performed at ... |
|
| On-Site Evaluation of Field-Based Procedures for Screening Diver's Air |
APR 2004 |
60 pages |
| Authors:
R. S. Lillo; J. M. Caldwell; W. R. Porter; NAVY EXPERIMENTAL DIVING UNIT PANAMA CITY FL
|
| We previously developed a set of procedures using three portable analyzers for screening diver's air on-site according to current specifications in the U.S. Navy Diving Manual. This report evaluates these procedures under actual sampling conditions in the field to allow a decision about possible transition to the Fleet. This field test consisted of using the NEDU procedures to screen the output air from two compressors at each of two on-shore ... |
|
| Effects of Delays at Depth on Diver Inspired Oxygen Partial Pressures in Simulated Lockouts Using the MK 25 MOD 2 UBA |
APR 2004 |
67 pages |
| Authors:
V. L. Ruterbusch; M. J. Swiergosz; W. A. Gerth; NAVY EXPERIMENTAL DIVING UNIT PANAMA CITY FL
|
| Divers using the MK25 provided data on partial pressures of oxygen (PO2) during deep lockout simulations at 60 feet of seawater (fsw), simulations in which delays of 1, 10, and 30 min at depth were manipulated before ascent to 15 fsw. Divers assumed a vertical orientation and maintained a restful state in euthermic water conditions throughout the procedure. Eighty-one of 88 dives were completed without violating PO2 safety criteria. Two ... |
|
| Evaluation of Analytical Industries Inc. Model Number PSR-11-33-NM Oxygen Sensors for Use With the MK 16 MOD 1 Underwater Breathing Apparatus |
APR 2004 |
24 pages |
| Authors:
S. J. Stanek; C. S. Hedricks; NAVY EXPERIMENTAL DIVING UNIT PANAMA CITY FL
|
| The purpose of this study was to conduct unmanned and manned testing to evaluate the effectiveness of the Analytical Industries' PSR-11 oxygen sensor (alone and in combination with approved Teledyne R-10DN oxygen sensors) with the MK 16 MOD 1 underwater breathing apparatus (UBA) to a maximum excursion depth of 300 feet of seawater (fsw).1 Primarily employed by Navy Explosive Ordnance Disposal (EOD) divers, the Mk 16 MOD 1 UBA is ... |
|
| Evaluation of the Integrity of the MK 21 Contaminated Water Diving System and of the Efficacy of Decontamination Procedures |
MAR 2004 |
24 pages |
| Authors:
F. F. Leyva; NAVY EXPERIMENTAL DIVING UNIT PANAMA CITY FL
|
| Current Navy recommendations for diving in contaminated water include wearing a vulcanized rubber dry Suit mated to a MK 21 helmet with double exhaust valve to isolate the diver from the contaminated environment. No full-scale testing of this configuration or of the efficacy of recommended decontamination procedures has been performed. The purpose of this immersion testing therefore is to evaluate the integrity of the MK 21 contaminated water diving system ... |
|
| Suitability of Nonin Models 8500 and 9500 Pulse Oximeters, and Model 9847 Pulse Oximeter, and Carbon Dioxide Detector for Use in Hyperbaric Chambers |
FEB 2004 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
Gary W. Latson; NAVY EXPERIMENTAL DIVING UNIT PANAMA CITY FL
|
| Pulse oximetry has proven to be a valuable clinical monitor of respiratory adequacy in many healthcare settings. It is considered to be "standard of care" in many critical care settings such as operating rooms, intensive care units, and procedure rooms where sedation is administered. Although most patients in hyperbaric chamoers are well oxygenated by virtue of the fact that they are breathing oxygen at hyperbaric pressures, some situations could result ... |
|
| Evaluation of a Diver Cooling System for Use With Personal Protective Equipment in Contaminated Water Diving |
JAN 2004 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
Fernando F. Leyva; George S. Goehring; NAVY EXPERIMENTAL DIVING UNIT PANAMA CITY FL
|
| Current Navy recommendations for diving in contaminated water include wearing a vulcanized rubber dry suit mated to a MK 21 diving helmet to isolate the diver from the contaminated environment. However, even in situations (e.g., visible oil spills, noxious fumes, and sewer outflows) where the need for protective gear is uneguivocal, thermal stress from working in a warm environment often precludes the use of such gear. The purpose of this ... |
|
| Development of Exposure Guidance for Warm Water Diving. Volume 2. System for Investigation of Divers' Behavior at Depth (SINDBAD) and Special Operations Forces (SOF) Mission-Related Performance Measures (MRPM) |
DEC 2003 |
52 pages |
| Authors:
Edwin T. Long; Paul O'Connor; Timothy C. Liberatore; NAVY EXPERIMENTAL DIVING UNIT PANAMA CITY FL
|
| This report, Volume 2 of two, investigetes the effects of warm water diving on physical and cognitive performance. Method: This study was conducted in three phases. In Phase 1, 16 divers conducted 459 dives t from 94 to 101.5 F (34.4 to 38.6 C). In Phase 2, 21 divers in either dry suits or dive skins, conducted 522 dives in T of 96.5 F (35.9 C) and 99 F (37.2 ... |
|
| Evaluation of Intravenous Therapy Devices in the Hyperbaric Chamber |
DEC 2003 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
D. F. Stanga; NAVY EXPERIMENTAL DIVING UNIT PANAMA CITY FL
|
| Ventilators, cardiac monitors, intravenous (IV) pumps, and other equipment are being evaluated to meet a U.S. Navy-identified need to improve patient care levels in the hyperbaric environment. Though the MTP MILITARY is currently the only IV pump that has been found suitable for use in the hyperbaric chamber, a search of the market has identified three pumps that afford increased capability for patient care. This report presents results from a ... |
|
| Development of Exposure Guidance for Warm Water Diving. Volume 1. Physiology and Endurance |
DEC 2003 |
55 pages |
| Authors:
Edwin T. Long; Paul E. O'Connor; Timothy C. Liberatore; NAVY EXPERIMENTAL DIVING UNIT PANAMA CITY FL
|
| The objective is to provide guidance for conducting diving operations in warm water environments and investigate diver endurance, physiologic change, and physiological and cognitive effects of water temperatures (Tw) from 94 to 101.5 deg F (34.4 to 38.6 deg C) on divers. |
|
| Evaluation of Respiratory Support Devices for Use in the Hyperbaric Chamber |
NOV 2003 |
26 pages |
| Authors:
D. F. Stanga; G. Beck; J. M. Chimiak; NAVY EXPERIMENTAL DIVING UNIT PANAMA CITY FL
|
| The U.S. Navy has identified a need to increase the level of patient care and support in the hyperbaric environment; ventilators, cardiac monitors, and other ancillary equipment are being evaluated to meet this need. Two Penlon Oxford ventilators, MK 1 and MK 2 (Penlon Limited; Oxfordshire, UK) are the only devices used in U.S. Navy recompression chambers. The Penlon MK 1 uses a pneumatically driven, mechanically controlled valved bellows - ... |
|
| Evaluation of Sensus Data Logger for Use in Operational Dive Data Collection |
NOV 2003 |
85 pages |
| Authors:
David G. Sotherland; NAVY EXPERIMENTAL DIVING UNIT PANAMA CITY FL
|
| Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA) tasked the Navy Experimental Diving Unit (NEDU) to identify and evaluate candidate devices that divers can carry to electronically record their depth!time profiles and that can be suitable for collecting operational dive data. One such candidate device, called a data logger (DL) to signify its purpose in logging dive data, is the Sensus (ReefNet Inc.; Mississauga, Ontario). With emphasis on its depth accuracy, NEDU tested ... |
|
| Evaluating the Effects of High-Dose Melatonin on Mental and Somatic Status of Normal Subjects |
NOV 2003 |
37 pages |
| Authors:
J. R. Clarke; B. Schultz; L. Crepeau; M. Lowe; NAVY EXPERIMENTAL DIVING UNIT PANAMA CITY FL
|
| Pulmonary and central nervous system oxygen toxicity are mission, limiting, health-endangering consequences of breathing high partial pressures of oxygen. Melatonin, a hormone produced by the pineal gland, is a powerful antioxidant that can be safely given at high dosages to human subjects. We tested in ten human subjects the mental and somatic effects of 300 mg of pharmaceutical-grade melatonin administered orally. The dosage was divided into two boluses given four ... |
|
| Analysis of Gases Produced by Three Underwater Cutting Devices |
JUL 2003 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
R. S. Lillo; J. M. Caldwell; NAVY EXPERIMENTAL DIVING UNIT PANAMA CITY FL
|
| The gas produced during underwater testing of 3 cutting systems was collected and analyzed to assess the explosion hazard related to the 3 processes. The underwater plasma cutting system produced up to 6% H2, while the UK cutting rod produced up to 95% H2. As the lower flammable/explosive limits of H2 in air are 4%, H2 safety issues are potentially related to using both these cutting processes. However, the explosive ... |
|
| Empirical Evaluation of the MK 16 MOD 1 UBA Breathe-Down Procedure |
JUN 2003 |
47 pages |
| Authors:
Wayne A. Gerth; Keith A. Gault; Stephen J. Stanek; NAVY EXPERIMENTAL DIVING UNIT PANAMA CITY FL
|
| Guidance for using new helium-oxygen (Me-C2) decompression tables for the MK 16 MOD 1 underwater breathing apparatuS (UBA) includes recommended performance of a predescent breathe-down procedure (SOP) to reduce descent-induced overshoot of diver-inspired oxygen partial pressure (002). This report describes work completed at NEDU to test the efficacy of this procedure. Thirty-two MK 16 MOD 1 Me-C2 man-dives to 300 feet of seawater (fsw) were completed in the NEDU Ocean ... |
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| Gas Flows Supporting Umbilical Diving - Requirements and Measurements |
MAY 2003 |
46 pages |
| Authors:
J. R. Clarke; NAVY EXPERIMENTAL DIVING UNIT PANAMA CITY FL
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| This report compiles information from various publications and letters about the MK 3 LWDS umbilical-supplied breathing system. New analyses were also conducted with various computational methods to describe the system and the gas supplies delivered to three divers at the maximum depth of the system, 190 fsw. One calculation method for steady state gas flow was based on equations for airflow in pipes. Electrical models were used to describe steady ... |
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| Evaluation of the KMS 48 Full Face Mask Configured for Open Circuit UBA with Crossover to Either MK 16 MOD 0 UBA or MK 25 UBA |
MAY 2003 |
32 pages |
| Authors:
T. M. Merritt; E. R. Naggiar; NAVY EXPERIMENTAL DIVING UNIT PANAMA CITY FL
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| Testing assessed the abilities of the KMS 48 full face mask (FEM) with closed-circuit/Open circuit switchover pod in conjunction with the MK 25 underwater breathing apparatus (UBA) and MK 16 MOD 0 UBA during unmanned and manned open water dives. The KMS 48 FFM with Super Flow scuba pod was also tested during unmanned and manned open-water dives. The dives were made to the maximum operational working depths for each ... |
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| Evaluation of the KMS 48 Full Face Mask with the Viper Very Shallow Water Underwater Breathing Apparatus |
APR 2003 |
17 pages |
| Authors:
S. J. Stanek; C. S. Hedricks; NAVY EXPERIMENTAL DIVING UNIT PANAMA CITY FL
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| Navy Experimental Diving Unit (NEDU) was tasked(1) to test and evaluate the KMS 48 full face mask (FFM) with the VIPER very shallow water (VSW) underwater breathing apparatus (UBA). Testing was designed to assess the abilities of the KMS 48 FFM to operate properly with the VIPER VSW UBA to the UBA's maximum certification depth, 50 feet of sea water (fsw). |
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| Unmanned Test and Evaluation of the Teledyne Analytical Instruments R-10DN Oxygen Sensor for Use in the MK 16 Mod 1 Underwater Breathing Apparatus |
APR 2003 |
25 pages |
| Authors:
Dan E. Warkander; NAVY EXPERIMENTAL DIVING UNIT PANAMA CITY FL
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Reports by Corporate Author
