| Enabling Test and Evaluation and Training for Undersea Range Programs |
Jun 2009 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Robert Reid; NAVAL UNDERSEA WARFARE CENTER DIV NEWPORT RI
|
 | This article discusses leveraging test and evaluation (T&E) and training programs in the development, production, and installation of instrumented undersea ranges for the U.S. Navy and other customers. Enabling and leveraging of this capability also touches other non- Department of Defense arenas, such as the underwater tracking of marine mammals, with the same infrastructure that the U.S. Fleets use for undersea warfare test and training. This infrastructure includes an underwater ... |
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| Underwater Detonations at the Silver Strand Training Complex: Effects on Marine Mammals |
30-Apr-2009 |
87 pages |
| Authors:
Glenn H Mitchell; Tiffini J Brookens; Stephen A Jordan; NAVAL UNDERSEA WARFARE CENTER DIV NEWPORT RI
|
| The Commander of the U.S. Pacific Fleet is preparing an environmental impact statement (EIS) for activities at the Silver Strand Training Complex (SSTC). Training often involves the use of small explosives for various purposes, such as to disable underwater mines or defend ports. Explosions release very brief, intense sound energy with spectral characteristics spanning a wide band of frequencies. As a part of the SSTC EIS development, a quantitative analysis ... |
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| Nonlinear Acoustics in Cicada Mating Calls Enhance Sound Propagation |
01-Mar-2009 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
Derke R Hughes; Albert H Nuttall; Richard A Katz; G C Carter; NAVAL UNDERSEA WARFARE CENTER DIV NEWPORT RI
|
| An analysis of cicada mating calls, measured in field experiments, indicates that the very high levels of acoustic energy radiated by this relatively small insect are mainly attributed to the nonlinear characteristics of the signal. The cicada emits one of the loudest sounds in all of the insect population with a sound production system occupying a physical space typically less than 3 cc. The sounds made by tymbals are amplified ... |
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| Prototype Sparse Arrays for 3D Sonar Imaging System |
Jan-2009 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
John Impagliazzo; Steven Kay; Alice M Chiang; Steven R Broadstone; NAVAL UNDERSEA WARFARE CENTER DIV NEWPORT RI
|
| A three dimensional sonar imaging system is under development for use by Navy divers for mine-field reconnaissance and mine-hunting systems. These divers require a small, low power, lightweight acoustic imaging system with high resolution for examining and disposing of underwater ordinance. Sparse array technology is being investigated to develop a sonar requiring the minimal number of signal processing channels while maintaining the beamwidth and sidelobe structure required for high resolution ... |
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| Demonstration of Two-Way Extremely High Frequency (EHF) Satellite Communication (SATCOM) Using Submarine-Survivable Phased Arrays |
Jan 2009 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Matthew W Atwood; Gregory N Marcoux; William P Craig; NAVAL UNDERSEA WARFARE CENTER DIV NEWPORT RI
|
| U.S. submarines are faced with the challenging dilemma of addressing the need for higher data rate satellite communications (SATCOM) without significantly increasing the size of the SATCOM antenna. The planar form factor of phased array technology, along with the ability to steer beams electronically, has led to submarine antenna concepts that can simultaneously improve performance, utilize the submarine sail volume more efficiently, and minimize the impact to platform stealth. Through ... |
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| Structural Analyses & Experimental Activities Supporting the Design of a Lightweight Rigid-Wall Mobile Shelter |
Dec-2008 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
Melvin Jee; Paul V Cavallaro; NAVAL UNDERSEA WARFARE CENTER DIV NEWPORT RI
|
| Lightweight rigid-wall shelters used in mobile military operations are constructed of sandwich panels comprised of thin face sheets and thick, ultra light core materials to minimize weight and maximize structural integrity. However, such lightweight construction comes at a cost, often impacting the design and manufacturing of critical joints connecting the sandwich panels in a box-like assembly. Furthermore, joint stiffnesses are often difficult to characterize and their finite values significantly influence ... |
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| Assessing Potential Sites for Undersea Warfare Training Ranges: The Effects of Active Sonars on Marine Mammals |
28-Oct-2008 |
84 pages |
| Authors:
Yadira V Gilchrest; Thomas N Fetherston; Bert E Neales; NAVAL UNDERSEA WARFARE CENTER DIV NEWPORT RI
|
| The U.S. Navy is preparing a draft environmental impact statement/overseas environmental impact statement (DEIS/OEIS) for what will be the proposed site for an undersea warfare training range (USWTR). The DEIS includes an assessment of the effects of Navy active acoustic sonars on marine mammals during range exercises as required by the Marine Mammal Protection Act (MMPA). The Naval Undersea Warfare Center Division, Newport, RI, has assessed four sites: Jacksonville, FL; ... |
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| Stress Analysis of the Lifting Fixture Used in the 2008 Conformal Sonar Array Trials at Seneca Lake |
01-Sep-2008 |
29 pages |
| Authors:
NAVAL UNDERSEA WARFARE CENTER DIV NEWPORT RI
|
| Detailed stress analyses were required of critical lifting fixture components used to support conformal sonar array assemblies in performance trials conducted in 2008 at the Naval Undersea Warfare Center's Seneca Lake Test Facility. The stress analyses were necessary to ensure that the lifting fixture had sufficient structural integrity for the handling and operational phases of the trials. The targeted structural integrity levels required compliance with a minimum safety factor for ... |
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| Working Together to Deliver the Best Solutions Quickly |
Sep-2008 |
27 pages |
| Authors:
Paul Lefebvre; NAVAL UNDERSEA WARFARE CENTER DIV NEWPORT RI
|
| The Naval Undersea Warfare Center Division Newport provides research, development, test and evaluation, engineering, analysis and assessment, and fleet support capabilities for submarines, autonomous underwater systems, and offensive and defensive undersea weapon systems, and stewards existing and emerging technologies in support of undersea warfare. Executes other responsibilities as assigned by the Commander, Naval Undersea Warfare Center. |
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| A Multi-Resolution Hidden Markov Model for Optimal Detection, Tracking, Separation, and Classification of Marine Mammal Vocalizations |
Sep-2008 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
Paul M Baggenstoss; Brian F Harrison; NAVAL UNDERSEA WARFARE CENTER DIV NEWPORT RI
|
| We employ the multi-resolution hidden Markov model (MRHMM) to develop an improved algorithm for modeling marine mammal wandering tone vocalizations (whistles). A vocalization is modeled by a series of time segments in which the signal has a constant frequency rate (chirps). Rather than using chirps of uniform length, the segments are allowed to be of variable size, thus adapting to both short rapid changes in frequency rate as well as ... |
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| South Toto Acoustic Measurement Facility (STAFAC) In-Water Systems Installation AUTEC Andros Island, Bahamas |
Sep-2008 |
17 pages |
| Authors:
Hugh Thomson; Phil Denolfo; Mike Harrison; Mark Greise; NAVAL UNDERSEA WARFARE CENTER DIV NEWPORT RI
|
| Current submarine radiated noise measurement systems operated by the US Navy in the Southern portion of the Tongue of the Ocean (TOTO), Bahamas, including their deployment vessel, the USNS HAYES, are nearing their end-of-life and require replacement prior to GFY09. The South TOTO Acoustic Facility Program, STAFAC, is a Naval Surface Warfare Center, Carderock Division (NSWCCD) program supported by the Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Newport Division (NUWCDIVNPT), which operates and ... |
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| A Baum-Welch Algorithm for Noisy Vector Fields for Classification and Synthesis of Textures Using Non-Symmetric Half-Plane |
Aug-2008 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
Paul M Baggenstoss; NAVAL UNDERSEA WARFARE CENTER DIV NEWPORT RI
|
| In this paper we present a statistical model with a non-symmetric half-plane (NSHP) region of support for two-dimensional continuous-valued vector fields. It has the simplicity, efficiency, and ease of use of the well-known hidden Markov model (HMM) and associated Baum-Welch algorithms for time-series and other one-dimensional problems. At the same time, it is able to learn textures on a two-dimensional field. We describe a fast approximate forward procedure for computation ... |
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| Response of an Acoustic Coating on a Rib-Stiffened Plate |
06-Jun-2008 |
45 pages |
| Authors:
Andrew J Hull; John R Welch; NAVAL UNDERSEA WARFARE CENTER DIV NEWPORT RI
|
| This report develops an analytical model of a fluid-loaded acoustic coating affixed to a rib-stiffened plate. The model is three-dimensional and has fully-elastic behavior. The system is loaded by a plane wave that is harmonic both spatially and temporally. The model begins with Naviers' equations of motion of an elastic solid, which produces unknown displacement fields that are inserted in to stress equations at the boundaries of the plate and ... |
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| Analysis of Field Design Considerations for the Operation of Undersea Sensor Networks |
Jun-2008 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
Thomas A Wettergren; Russell Costa; NAVAL UNDERSEA WARFARE CENTER DIV NEWPORT RI
|
| A Distributed Sensing Problem: Problem: Determine the proper sizing of sensor fields to obtain tradeoffs between multi-sensor detection and multi-sensor false alarm performance as a function of the anticipated target characteristics. Approach: Build analytical parametric models of system performance as a function of: - (uncertain) target characteristics, - (uncertain) sensor characteristics - (uncertain) environmental characteristics Then exercise the models to examine the effects of various deployment considerations on both detection ... |
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| Summary of a Modeling and Simulation Framework for High-Fidelity Weapon Models in Joint Semi-Automated Forces (JSAF) and Other Mission-Simulation Software |
01 MAY 2008 |
41 pages |
| Authors:
John R. Welch; NAVAL UNDERSEA WARFARE CENTER DIV NEWPORT RI
|
| This report (1) summarizes a modeling and simulation (M&S) framework for testing high-fidelity weapon models In Joint Semi- Automated Forces (JSAF) and other mission-simulation software; (2) highlights the products and steps required to develop a weapon model and communicate with other weapon models in a mission-level simulation; (3) introduces the four configuration levels of the M&S framework; and (4) presents a cost-effective M&S laboratory design based on Mak Technologies and ... |
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| Response of a Beam on a Highly Elastic Foundation |
24 FEB 2008 |
26 pages |
| Authors:
Andrew J. Hull; NAVAL UNDERSEA WARFARE CENTER DIV NEWPORT RI
|
| This report develops and analyzes the equations of motion of an infinite Euler-Bernoulli beam that is in contact with a set of periodic support beams. The support beams are modeled as Euler-Bernoulli beams in their transverse directions and modeled using the wave equation in their axial directions. This new formulation allows the support beam models to admit wave propagation so that the dynamic effects of a long foundation can be ... |
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| Structural Analysis of the Two-Side Expandable ISO Shelter: A Floor Vibrations Mitigation Study |
14 JAN 2008 |
27 pages |
| Authors:
Paul V. Cavallaro; Melvin Jee; James Cullinane; Thomas Reynolds; John Roche; NAVAL UNDERSEA WARFARE CENTER DIV NEWPORT RI
|
| The TwoSide Expandable ISO S-786 Shelter is a tactical shelter fitted for 100-A electrical service that can be adapted for numerous civilian and military operations. Users of the surgical versions of these shelters, namely, the U.S. Army Medical Materiel Development Agency, have reported undesirable bounce or springing effects when personnel traverse the floor regions. This report documents the structural analysis of the S-786 shelter in the fully deployed position that ... |
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| Iterated Class-Specific Subspaces for Speaker-Dependent Phoneme Classification |
Jan-2008 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
Paul M Baggenstoss; NAVAL UNDERSEA WARFARE CENTER DIV NEWPORT RI
|
| The features based on the MEL cepstrum have long dominated probabilistic methods in automatic speech recognition (ASR). This feature set has evolved to maximize general ASR performance within a Bayesian classifier framework using a common feature space. Now, however, with the advent of the PDF projection theorem (PPT) and the class-specific method (CSM), it is possible to design features separately for each phoneme and compare log-likelihood values fairly across various ... |
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| A Multi-Resolution Hidden Markov Model Using Class-Specific Features |
Jan-2008 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
Paul M Baggenstoss; NAVAL UNDERSEA WARFARE CENTER DIV NEWPORT RI
|
| We address the problem in signal classification applications, such as automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems that employ the hidden Markov model (HMM), that it is necessary to settle for a fixed analysis window size and a fixed feature set. This is despite the fact that complex signals such as human speech typically contain a wide range of signal types and durations. We apply the probability density function (PDF) projection theorem ... |
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| Search Path Evaluation Incorporating Object Placement Structure |
20 DEC 2007 |
70 pages |
| Authors:
John G. Baylog; Thomas A. Wettergren; NAVAL UNDERSEA WARFARE CENTER DIV NEWPORT RI
|
| This report describes a computationally robust approach to search path performance evaluation where the objects of search interest exhibit structure in the way in which they occur within the search space. The report describes the undenying theoretical probability basis for the search evaluation computations, and provides specific details about the implementation of the numerical method. While the method is general for searchers looking for objects with structured placement, specific examples ... |
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| A Combined Experimental/Analytical Approach to Support the Design of a Lightweight, Rigid-Wall, Mobile Shelter |
05 NOV 2007 |
76 pages |
| Authors:
Paul V. Cavallaro; Melvin Jee; NAVAL UNDERSEA WARFARE CENTER DIV NEWPORT RI
|
| Sandwich panel construction (SPC), which Is widely utilized in aircraft design, is particularly advantageous for meeting the stringent structural and weight requirements of lightweight, mobile, military systems. Mobile, rigid-wall shelters must be certified for several transport loading environments, including rail impact (vehicle mounted and dismounted), drop shock, mobility, and external air transport. This technical report documents an Investigation into the survivability of an SPC mobile, rigid-wall shelter after it has ... |
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| Formulation of Provider R&D Output Metrics for Navy Warfare Enterprises |
20 SEP 2007 |
39 pages |
| Authors:
Robert C. Manke; NAVAL UNDERSEA WARFARE CENTER DIV NEWPORT RI
|
| In the Navy Enterprise construct, the warfighter is responsible for establishing the integrated warfighting requirements. The provider is responsible for the processes and intellectual capital that transform requirements and resources into fleet readiness and capability, and the resource sponsor is responsible for providing the means necessary to support the provider. This construct is based on the premise that all three elements must be synchronized and transparent if the required operational ... |
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| Towed Array Hydrodynamic Research in the Naval Research Enterprise Intern Program (NREIP) |
20 SEP 2007 |
24 pages |
| Authors:
William L. Keith; Kimberly M. Cipolla; Jane Leous; Elizabeth Scales; NAVAL UNDERSEA WARFARE CENTER DIV NEWPORT RI
|
| This memo reproduces a presentation describing the towed array hydrodynamic tests performed by the Naval Undersea Warfare Center (NUWC) Division, Newport, RI, under the Naval Research Enterprise Intern Program. The tests, conducted in June 2007 at the Naval Surface Warfare Center's David Taylor Model Basin in Carderock, MD, were designed to measure the turbulent boundary layer velocity profiles, mean wall shear stress, and wall pressure fluctuations on an experimental towed ... |
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| Asymmetry in Maritime Access and Undersea Anti-Access/Area-Denial Strategies |
31 AUG 2007 |
35 pages |
| Authors:
Robert C. Manke; Raymond J. Christian; NAVAL UNDERSEA WARFARE CENTER DIV NEWPORT RI
|
| Much of the recent national discussions about asymmetric warfare and asymmetric threats has been lacking a rigorous understanding of the dimensions of asymmetry in warfare. Because opponents in warfare are always looking for an asymmetric advantage against their adversary, the term "asymmetric warfare" fails to have a useful meaning. Warfare asymmetry discussions understandably address the War on Terror and U.S. homeland defense, with the focus on nonstate, nontraditional threats. From ... |
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| Efficient Class-Specific Models for Autoregressive Processes with Slowly Varying Amplitude in White Noise |
13-Jul-2007 |
35 pages |
| Authors:
Paul M Baggenstoss; NAVAL UNDERSEA WARFARE CENTER DIV NEWPORT RI
|
| This paper describes an efficient model to describe an autoregressive signal with slowly-varying amplitude in additive white Gaussian noise. Even a simple low-order autoregressive model becomes complicated by varying amplitude and additive white noise. However, by approximating the signal amplitude as piecewise-constant, an efficient filtering approach can be applied in order to compute the maximum likelihood estimate for the entire data record. The model is efficient both in terms of ... |
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| Array Plate Apparatus Having Tunable Isolation Characteristics |
26 JUN 2007 |
24 pages |
| Authors:
Neil J. Dubois; NAVAL UNDERSEA WARFARE CENTER DIV NEWPORT RI
|
| It is therefore a primary object and general purpose of the present invention to provide an apparatus for use on an underwater vehicle in which the apparatus significantly reduces the amount of vehicle self-noise that travels to an array plate of the undersea vehicle. It is a further object of the present invention to significantly reduce the noise floor at which acoustic transducers operate. An apparatus having an array plate ... |
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| Quadrifilar Helical Antenna Array for Line-of-Sight Communications Above the Ocean Surface |
25 JUN 2007 |
76 pages |
| Authors:
Michael J. Josypenko; John P. Casey; Stephen M. Davis; NAVAL UNDERSEA WARFARE CENTER DIV NEWPORT RI
|
| This report describes the development of a linear array consisting of four quadrifilar helical antennas (QHAs) that is mounted on a buoy to support transmit and receive communications at 2.45 GHz along line-of-sight (LOS) paths above a sea water half-space. The array elements are designed to be immune to the multipath interference created by reflections of an incident signal from the surface of the ocean. A novel feed design for ... |
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| Passive Sonar Tracking on Multibeam Intensities |
JUN 2007 |
14 pages |
| Authors:
Marcus L. Graham; NAVAL UNDERSEA WARFARE CENTER DIV NEWPORT RI
|
| Partial contents: Sonar Processing Architectures,Intensity Data, Single Target Tracking Results History, Basic Model, Estimation Algorithm, Fixed Amplitude, Varying width Targets, Improving SNR & Separability. |
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| Stability Analysis of a Tensioned String With Periodic Supports |
21 MAY 2007 |
28 pages |
| Authors:
Andrew J. Hull; Benjamin A. Cray; Albert H. Nuttall; NAVAL UNDERSEA WARFARE CENTER DIV NEWPORT RI
|
| This report analyzes the zero-pole locations of an infinite length of tensioned string that has attached periodic supports. The dynamic response of the system is derived for distributed wave number forcing and discrete point forcing acting on the string. These wave number-frequency transfer functions are then written in zero-pole format by a mathematical transformation of their infinite series. Once this is accomplished, the locations of the system's poles and zeros ... |
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| Deployable Air Beam Fender System (DAFS): Energy Absorption Performance Analysis |
30 MAR 2007 |
48 pages |
| Authors:
Paul V. Cavallaro; NAVAL UNDERSEA WARFARE CENTER DIV NEWPORT RI
|
| Performance curves detailing the energy absorption parameters of selectively sized deployable air beam fender systems (DAFSs) were established to enable future efficiencies in fender design. Numerical solutions were generated using the ABAQUS/Explicit Finite Element Analysis (FEA) Program for two mooring configurations: ship-to-ship and ship-to-causeway (non-ballasted). The governing energy balance was presented and the contributions of strain energy and air compressibility were assessed for various inflation pressures and DAFS sizes. The ... |
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| Next-Generation Undersea Warfare and Undersea Distributed Networked Systems |
31 JAN 2007 |
51 pages |
| Authors:
Raymond J. Christian; NAVAL UNDERSEA WARFARE CENTER DIV NEWPORT RI
|
| Since the early 1990s, the undersea warfare (USW) community has experienced dramatic changes in its operational, technical, and business climates. The changes are expected to continue and perhaps accelerate-leading to significant new demands for USW capabilities. Because many of the currently proposed new capabilities are just an expansion of Cold War ways, it is valuable to lay the groundwork for what is being termed "Next-Generation Undersea Warfare." The USW paradigms ... |
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| Dynamic Response of an Insonified Sonar Window Interacting with a Tonpilz Transducer Array |
03 JAN 2007 |
38 pages |
| Authors:
Andrew J. Hull; NAVAL UNDERSEA WARFARE CENTER DIV NEWPORT RI
|
| This report derives and evaluates an analytical model of a sonar window in contact with an array of Tonpilz transducers. The window is fully elastic so that all wave components are present in the analysis. The system is insonified with a plane acoustic wave so that the sonar system is operating in an acoustic receive mode. The output of the model is a transfer function of a transducer element output ... |
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| Comparative Cognitive Task Analysis |
2007 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Susan S. Kirschenbaum; J. G. Trafton; Elizabeth Pratt; NAVAL UNDERSEA WARFARE CENTER DIV NEWPORT RI
|
| It is easy to force a weather forecaster to work out of context -- simply move him or her to some new locale. Effects of ocean currents, seasonal variations, and effects of land masses change everything. Any knowledge of trends that the forecaster had relied on are now utterly useless. The information that the weather forecaster uses is often downloaded from external Web sites. Local weather organizations use (or build) ... |
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| DECAF - Density Estimation for Cetaceans from Passive Acoustic Fixed Sensors |
2007 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Len Thomas; Tiago Marques; David Borchers; Catriona Stephenson; David Moretti; Ronald Morrissey; Nancy DiMarzio; Jessica Ward; David Mellinger; Steve Martin; NAVAL UNDERSEA WARFARE CENTER DIV NEWPORT RI
|
| Determining the density and distribution of cetacean species is fundamental to understanding their basic biology, and also to monitoring and mitigating the effect of man-made impacts on their populations. However, this task is difficult because most cetacean species occur at low density and over enormous areas, and because they spend relatively little time at the surface where they can be seen using standard, visual surveys. Our primary long-term goal is ... |
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| Tactical Application of Gaming Technologies for Improved Battlespace Management |
2007 |
39 pages |
| Authors:
David Silvia; Ken Doris; NAVAL UNDERSEA WARFARE CENTER DIV NEWPORT RI
|
| This paper discusses a research project that employs Gaming Technologies to improve the ability of military planners to more effectively locate and engage Time-Sensitive Targets (TST's). The battlespace is modeled and simulated through the use of Artificial Intelligence, Physics Modeling and Visualization capabilities employed in modern commercial computer games. This not only supports the ability to understand the spatial relationships of weapons, sensors, targets, and threats within the context of ... |
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| Coverage Statistics of Distributed Sensor Fields With Heterogeneous Range Sensitivity |
28 DEC 2006 |
25 pages |
| Authors:
Errol G. Rowe; NAVAL UNDERSEA WARFARE CENTER DIV NEWPORT RI
|
| This report presents analytical results for the coverage provided by a system of randomly distributed sensors having heterogeneous range sensitivities. The need to rapidly deploy even a moderately large number of sensors on short notice could place limitations on sensor quality. In particular, the requirement that all sensors have the same range sensitivity could pose a serious problem to the timely deployment of the sensor network. Through an entirely probabilistic ... |
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| Technology & Mechanics Overview of Air-Inflated Fabric Structures |
04 DEC 2006 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
Paul V. Cavallaro; NAVAL UNDERSEA WARFARE CENTER DIV NEWPORT RI
|
| Air-inflated fabric structures are categorized as pre-tensioned structures and are uniquely capable of many advantages not available with traditional structures. These include lighter weight designs, rapid and self-erecting deployments, enhanced mobility, large deployed-to- packaged volume ratios, fail-safe collapse and optional rigidification. Research and development in pursuit of air-inflated structures can be traced to space, military, commercial and marine applications. Examples include air ships, weather balloons, inflatable radomes, shelters, pneumatic muscles, ... |
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| Air-Inflated Fabric Structures |
05 NOV 2006 |
32 pages |
| Authors:
Paul V. Cavallaro; Ali M. Sadegh; NAVAL UNDERSEA WARFARE CENTER DIV NEWPORT RI
|
| Air-inflated fabric structures fall within the category of tensioned structures and provide unique advantages in their use over traditional structures. These advantages include light weight designs, rapid and self-erecting deployment, enhanced mobility, large deployed-to-packaged volume ratios, fail-safe collapse, and possible rigidification. Most of the research and development pursued in air-inflated structures can be traced to space, military, commercial, marine engineering and recreational applications. Examples include air ships, weather balloons, inflatable ... |
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| Computing the Observed Information Matrix for Dynamic Mixture Models |
25 SEP 2006 |
87 pages |
| Authors:
Michael J. Walsh; NAVAL UNDERSEA WARFARE CENTER DIV NEWPORT RI
|
| The observed information matrix for an important class of finite mixture models, called dynamic mixture models, is derived in this report. Dynamic mixture models are useful probability models for random data originating from a number of distinct moving sources. The multiple-target tracking problem is one application of these models. For these models, the inverse of the observed information matrix is a consistent estimate of the error-covariance matrix for the mixture ... |
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| Bending Behavior of Plain-Woven Fabric Air Beams: Fluid-Structure Interaction Approach |
01 SEP 2006 |
29 pages |
| Authors:
Paul V. Cavallaro; Ali M. Sadegh; Claudia J. Quigley; NAVAL UNDERSEA WARFARE CENTER DIV NEWPORT RI
|
| A swatch of plain-woven fabric was subjected to biaxial tests to determine its material characteristics. The stress-strain relationships of the fabric were determined and used directly in finite element models of an air beam that was assumed to be constructed of the same fabric and subjected to inflation and bending events. The structural responses to these events were obtained using the ABAQUS/Explicit finite element solver for a range of pressures, ... |
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| Automated Classification of Beaked Whales and Other Small Odontocetes in the Tongue of the Ocean, Bahamas |
01-Sep-2006 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Ronald Morrissey; Nancy DiMarzio; Susan Jarvis; David Morretti; NAVAL UNDERSEA WARFARE CENTER DIV NEWPORT RI
|
| Navy sonar has recently been associated with a number of marine mammal stranding events. Beaked whales have been the predominant species involved in a number of these strandings. Monitoring and mitigating the effects of anthropogenic noise on marine mammals are active areas of research. Key to both monitoring and mitigation is the ability to automatically detect and classify the animals, especially beaked whales. This paper presents a novel support vector ... |
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| Estimating the Density of Blainville's Beaked Whale (Mesoplodon densirostris) in the Tongue of the Ocean (TOTO) Using Passive Acoustics |
Sep-2006 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
D Moretti; N DiMarzio; R Morrissey; J Ward; S Jarvis; NAVAL UNDERSEA WARFARE CENTER DIV NEWPORT RI
|
| Techniques to detect and localize marine mammals including Blainville's beaked whales (Mesoplodon densirostris) using the bottom-mounted hydrophones of the Atlantic Undersea Test and Evaluation Center have been developed. A series of verification tests using these passive acoustics techniques to determine the presence and position of vocalizing animals are being conducted. These acoustic 'sightings' are verified by a team of surface observers. Based on Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution tag data and ... |
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| Long-Endurance Test Results of the Solar-Powered AUV System |
Sep-2006 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
John Baker; Denise M Crimmins; Christopher T Patty; Michael A Beliard; James C Jalbert; Rick J Komerska; Steven G Chappell; D R Blidberg; NAVAL UNDERSEA WARFARE CENTER DIV NEWPORT RI
|
| The solar-powered autonomous underwater vehicle (SAUV) was designed for long-endurance missions, such as monitoring, surveillance, or station-keeping, where real-time bi-directional communications to shore are critical. In April 2006, the Naval Undersea Warfare Center (NUWC) Division Newport, Falmouth Scientific Inc. (FSI), and Autonomous Undersea Systems Institute (AUSI) conducted a 30-day, long-endurance test using SAUV II primarily to demonstrate that the vehicle is capable of conducting long-term oceanographic data collection and to ... |
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| Adaptive Track Detection for Multi-Static Active Sonar Systems |
Sep-2006 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Christian G Hempel; NAVAL UNDERSEA WARFARE CENTER DIV NEWPORT RI
|
| Multi-static active sonar systems detect contacts of interest by transmitting coherent waveforms and detecting the echoes on one or more receiving sensors. When a target of interest is in a region where its echoes are detectable by more than one receiver it can, in general, be declared sooner by combining the measurements from all sensors. The track detection schemes used in active sonar systems are often based on the Wald ... |
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| Narrowband Tracking Using a Markov Random Field Algorithm |
Sep-2006 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Paul M Baggenstoss; NAVAL UNDERSEA WARFARE CENTER DIV NEWPORT RI
|
| We present an algorithm for formulating the narrowband (or target) tracking problem as a Markov Random Field (MRF) with discrete and continous-valued hidden state variables. We then derive a simplied algorithm to estimate the model state variables. An MRF exists whenever there is a collection of sites that statistically interact with their neighbors. This requires defining a neighborhood system for determining which sites are the neighboring sites - such as ... |
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| Tripwire System for Fixed Line Array Processing |
Sep-2006 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Sunil Mathews; Mary H Johnson; Robert Latourette; Sami Deeb; Beth Kocab; NAVAL UNDERSEA WARFARE CENTER DIV NEWPORT RI
|
| We have devised a system to automatically detect, manage and track contacts with a stationary line array. The array has a large number of elements, and the ability to process any subset of these elements (up to a fixed number) at any given time. Detection is accomplished by fixed detection apertures spaced along the array such that the apertures create a tripwire range parallel to the length of the array. ... |
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| Remote, Aerial, Trans-Layer, Linear and Non-Linear Downlink Underwater Acoustic Communication |
Sep-2006 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Fletcher Blackmon; Lynn Antonelli; NAVAL UNDERSEA WARFARE CENTER DIV NEWPORT RI
|
| Abstract-Both the linear mechanism for optical to acoustic energy conversion are explored for opto-acoustic communication from an in-air platform to a submerged vessel such as a submarine or unmanned undersea vehicle. This downlink communication can take the form of a bell ringer function for submerged platforms or for the transmission of text and/or data. The linear conversion mechanism, also known as the linear opto-acoustic regime where laser energy is converted ... |
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| Assessing Performance Tradeoffs in Undersea Distributed Sensor Networks |
Sep-2006 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Thomas A Wettergren; Russell Costa; John G Baylog; Sandie P Grage; NAVAL UNDERSEA WARFARE CENTER DIV NEWPORT RI
|
| We consider the problem of determining the correct set of sensors to employ in the design of large area undersea surveillance sensor networks. As sensor technologies evolve, such networks are becoming increasingly practical. In turn, optimal selection of the number and type of sensors to deploy becomes an increasingly nontrivial process. Choices of field level detection and false alarm performance, as well as cost, all enter into this tradeoff decision ... |
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| Model Based Classification Using Multi-Ping Data |
Sep-2006 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Christopher P Carbone; Steven M Kay; NAVAL UNDERSEA WARFARE CENTER DIV NEWPORT RI
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| This paper proposes a method of target classification using three dimensional (3-D) data. The data consists of multiple realizations (pings) of range versus bearing plots, so the three dimensions of the data are range, bearing and time (or pings). The data is assumed to consist of independent nonidentically distributed complex gaussian noise, and a target. The Target (TGT) is of known constant size (extent in range and bearing) and known ... |
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| The Genetic-Algorithm-Based Normal Boundary Intersection (GANBI) Method; An Efficient Approach to Pareto Multiobjective Optimization for Engineering Design |
15 MAY 2006 |
47 pages |
| Authors:
Thomas A. Wettergren; NAVAL UNDERSEA WARFARE CENTER DIV NEWPORT RI
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| A new method for developing tradeoffs in the engineering of complex systems is described. The Genetic-Algorithm-Based Normal Boundary Intersection (GANBI) method serves as a preprocessor for conventional genetic-algorithm-based Pareto optimization solvers. The algorithm is based on applying the normal boundary intersection approach of Pareto optimization to genetic solvers. The approach is shown to provide rapid convergence and to provide a better estimate of the Pareto set than existing state-of-the-art methods. ... |
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