| Quantification of Noise Sources in EMI Surveys Technology Demonstration Report Army Research Laboratory Blossom Point Facility, Maryland July - September, 2006 |
14 Jan 2010 |
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| Authors:
G R Harbaugh; D A Steinhurst; M Howard; B J Barrow; J T Miller; T H Bell; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC
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 | This demonstration was conducted at the Army Research Laboratory Blossom Point Facility between July and September 2006. The magnitudes and effects of several types of background and/or noise sources on the data collected with several commonly used EMI sensors were measured. These noise sources included ground response/geology, inherent sensor noise, external noise sources, motion-induced noise, and position uncertainty. Using Monte Carlo simulations, the impact of each noise source on the ... |
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| Space Charge Effects in Field Emission: Three Dimensional Theory |
05 Jan 2010 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
Kevin L Jensen; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC
|
 | Field emitters rely on high gradients on microfabricated structures to enable substantial levels of emitted current, which can in turn act to reduce the field at the emission site of a single emitter. An account of that effect is obtained in the following steps: a model of the emitter geometry based on the point charge model that allows for the determination of the apex radius and field enhancement factor for ... |
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| Opportunities for Electrochemical Capacitors as Energy-Storage Solutions in Present and Future Navy and Marine Corps Missions |
31 Dec 2009 |
32 pages |
| Authors:
Jeffrey W Long; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC
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| Electrochemical capacitors (ECs) are an emerging class of energy-storage devices whose performance metrics span the critical gap that presently exists between the high power density derived from electrostatic capacitors and the high energy density of batteries. Because of their distinctive operational characteristics, there is growing interest in developing and deploying EC technologies for civilian and military applications, ranging from microelectronics to hybrid-electric generation systems to backup power, all of which ... |
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| High-Resolution Over-the-Horizon Radar Using Time Reversal |
07 Dec 2009 |
25 pages |
| Authors:
Eung-Gi Paek; Joon Y Choe; Paul A Bernhardt; Jeffrey Horlick; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC
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| This report describes an over-the-horizon radar with a high-resolution imaging capability using time reversal. By incorporating the extended virtual aperture concept enabled by multipath interference into a double-pass conjugate image scanning scheme, high-resolution radar imaging can be achieved without requiring extensive computation or a priori knowledge of environmental conditions. Initial proof-of-concept experimental results on several key features of time reversal, such as reciprocity, temporal focusing, spatial focusing, multipath-enabled extended virtual ... |
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| Extraction of Carbon Dioxide From Seawater by Ion Exchange Resin. Part 2. Using Strong Base Anion Exchange Resin |
29 Sep 2009 |
22 pages |
| Authors:
Heather D Willauer; Dennis R Hardy; Ejiogu C Ndubizu; Frederick W Williams; M K Lewis; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC
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| Strong base anion exchange resins were studied to determine if they could be used as a feasible and practical method for sequestering carbon dioxide from seawater for use as a carbon feedstock in a sea-based fuel production process. Static and dynamic flow experiments to determine the resin bicarbonate and chloride selectivity and the effect of ionic strength on bicarbonate selectivity and capacity are reported. These data are used to determine ... |
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| Fokker-Planck Model for Thermal Smoothing in Inhomogeneous Laser-Matter Interactions |
24-Jul-2009 |
16 pages |
| Authors:
Michael J Keskinen; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC
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| Using a fully kinetic 2D Fokker-Planck model, the generation and evolution of ion density perturbations from nonuniform laser deposition in a plasma slab have been studied. It is found that significant smoothing of the ion density perturbations from nonuniform optically smoothed single beam laser deposition can be achieved on hydrodynamic time scales over a long range of scale sizes. In addition, it is observed that the Fokker-Planck model predicts more ... |
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| Double Rail Tests |
24-Jul-2009 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
Ira S Moskowitz; Gerard Allwein; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC
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| We present algebraic operators useful in constructing models for software engineering applied to reliability and security. Double rail testing is a mathematical formalism for analyzing testing situations that have both false positives and false negatives, as well as true positives and true negatives. Furthermore, tests are qualitatively modeled via channel theory, and their quantitative behavior is described as a Shannon binary communication channel. Tests, viewed strictly quantitatively, form a domain ... |
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| Gaze-Following and Awareness of Visual Perspective in Chimpanzees |
Jul-2009 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
J G Trafton; Anthony M Harrison; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC
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| Recent research suggests that chimpanzees are capable of level 1 perspective taking (Flavell, 1992), but that its expression is limited to situations of increased competition (Brauer, Call, & Tomasello, 2007). We present a model utilizing gaze-following that learns in response to the behavior of a competitor. The model not only learns the proper application of the perspective taking strategy but also the critical spatial characteristics that influence the competitive pressure. ... |
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| Naval Research Laboratory Overview |
Jun-2009 |
17 pages |
| Authors:
NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC
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| The Naval Research Laboratory's (NRL) mission is to conduct a broadly based multidisciplinary program of scientific research and advanced technological development directed toward maritime applications of new and improved materials, techniques, equipment, systems and ocean, atmospheric, and space sciences and related technologies; perform primary in-house research for the physical, engineering, space, and environmental sciences; conduct a broadly based applied research and advanced technology development program in response to identified and ... |
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| Spectral-Based Volume Sensor Prototype, Post-VS4 Test Series Algorithm Development |
30-Apr-2009 |
45 pages |
| Authors:
Daniel A Steinhurst; Jeffrey C Owrutsky; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC
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| A retrospective analysis was undertaken to better understand the performance trade-offs involved in reducing the sensor count in the Spectral Based Volume Sensor Component Prototype developed as part of the Advanced Volume Sensor Project. Using a portion of the Volume Sensor Test Series 4 (VS4) data, superior performance was retrospectively demonstrated for several potential new configurations than was originally observed during the live VS4 demonstration. Additionally, it was possible to ... |
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| Onboard Stability Control System for a Flapping Wing Nano Air Vehicle |
24-Apr-2009 |
24 pages |
| Authors:
Jason Geder; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC
|
| This paper describes the design and development of a feedback system for controlling the dynamics of a flapping wing nano air vehcile (NAV). A model of the vehicle dynamics and models of sensors and unique actuator mechanisms are built. An extended Kalman filter is designed to eliminate the effects of sensor bias on state estimation. Results of this study demonstrate stability and yield responses that are approaching desired performance capabilities. ... |
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| Analysis of Trimble Mini-T GPS Receiver |
31-Mar-2009 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
Richard M White; John P McConnell; Daniel S Newton; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC
|
| This report summarizes the function, capability, and I/O of the Trimble Mini-T GPS receiver (officially known as the Trimble Mini-T GPS Disciplined Clock Module; P/N 57303-05). The primary objective of this report is to document the intricacies of the Mini-T beyond the scope of its user manual, for the purpose of future integration of the Mini-T into larger, GPS-based systems. A detailed analysis on the input and output of the ... |
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| Blast Mitigation Using Water Mist: Test Series II |
12-Mar-2009 |
31 pages |
| Authors:
Ramagopal Ananth; John O'Connor; Heather D Willauer; Frederick W Williams; John P Farley; Gerald G Back; Matthew C Kennedy; Victor M Gameiro; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC
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| The effects water mist has on the overpressures produced by the detonation of 50 lb equivalent of high explosives (HE) TNT, Destex, and PBXN-109 in a chamber is reported. The overpressures for each charge density were measured with and without mist preemptively sprayed into the space. The impulse, initial blast wave, and quasi-static overpressure measured in the blast mitigation experiments were reduced by as much as (40%, 36%, and 35%) ... |
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| Imaging Near-Earth Electron Densities Using Thomson Scattering |
15-Jan-2009 |
33 pages |
| Authors:
Christoph R Englert; R R Meier; Jonathan F Krall; Steven P Slinker; Joseph D Huba; William S Vincent; Dennis G Socker; Damien H Chua; J M Picone; M T Carter; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC
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| An innovative observational concept to image the electron density in the near-Earth environment or geospace, which includes the plasmasphere, the magnetosphere, and their boundary regions, was studied. The concept is based on the broadband detection of Thomson-scattered sunlight by the geospace electrons. This study shows that the proposed measurement is feasible with currently available technology. The major challenge of this novel type of measurement is to achieve a suitable temporal ... |
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| Ultra-low Sulfur Diesel Classification with Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Partial Least Squares |
13-Jan-2009 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Mark H Hammond; Jeffrey A Cramer; Robert E Morris; Susal L Rose-Pehrsson; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC
|
| The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) will have regulations in effect no later than 2010 requiring sulfur content to be no greater than 15 parts per million (ppm) for on-road, off-road, and marine diesel fuel applications. Hydrotreatment will remove sulfur, but it also removes other polar compounds that impart fuel lubricity. The rapid and accurate discrimination of ultra-low sulfur diesel (ULSD) fuels is then important for both regulation compliance ... |
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| An Embodied Model of Infant Gaze-Following |
Jan-2009 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Magdalena Bugajska; J G Trafton; Benjamin Fransen; Anthony M Harrison; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC
|
| We present an embodied model of gaze-following. The model learns how to follow another's gaze by using cognitively plausible mechanisms. It matches a classic gaze-following experiment (Corkum & Moore, 1998) and runs on an embodied robotic system. |
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| Organic Photodiodes for Biosensor Miniaturization |
Jan-2009 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Jason R Wojciechowski; Max Sonnleitner; Hans J Prall; Christoph Winder; Martin Schamesberger; Roland Pieler; Erwin Fuereder; Mariko Y Yamaguchi; Lisa C Shriver-Lake; Frances S Ligler; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC
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| Biosensors have successfully demonstrated the capability to detect multiple pathogens simultaneously at very low levels. Miniaturization of biosensors is essential for use in the field or at the point of care. While microfluidic systems reduce the footprint for biochemical processing devices and electronic components are continually becoming smaller, optical components suitable for integration- such as LEDs and CMOS chips-are generally still too expensive for disposable components. This paper describes the ... |
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| On the Role of Formal Methods in Software Certification: An Experience Report |
Jan 2009 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Constance L Heitmeyer; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC
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| This paper describes how formal methods were used to produce evidence in a certification, based on the Common Criteria, of a security-critical software system. The evidence included a top level specification (TLS) of the security-relevant software behavior, a formal statement of the required security properties, proofs that the specification satisfied the properties, and a demonstration that the source code, which had been annotated with preconditions and postconditions, was a refinement ... |
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| Ar-Xe Laser: The Path to a Robust, All-Electric Shipboard Directed Energy Weapon |
18-Dec-2008 |
21 pages |
| Authors:
J D Sethian; J P Apruzese; J L Giuliani; M F Wolford; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC
|
| High Energy Lasers (HELs) long ago demonstrated their potential to destroy missiles in flight, a capability which could significantly reduce the threat to the fleet arising from anti-ship cruise missiles. However, no HELs have been deployed to date. Until recently, there was no laser that had credible prospects of meeting the Navy's requirements for safety, power, size, beam quality, electrical drive, and atmospheric propagation. The electron beam pumped Ar-Xe laser ... |
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| Comparison of the Noise Penalty of a Raman Amplifier Versus an Erbium-doped Fiber Amplifier for Long-haul Analog Fiber-optic Links |
17-Dec-2008 |
17 pages |
| Authors:
Preetpaul S Devgan; John F Diehl; Vincent J Urick; Keith J Williams; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC
|
| A Raman amplifier is compared to an erbium-doped fiber amplifier for a 14 km analog fiber-optic link requiring the amplifier pump at the end of the link. The noise penalty for each amplifier at a given photocurrent is measured and compared. An analytical expression comparing the analog metrics as a function of noise penalty and photocurrent for different amplifiers is derived and used. The Raman amplifier has a lower noise ... |
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| Low Probability of Detection Underwater Acoustic Communications using Direct-Sequence Spread Spectrum |
Dec-2008 |
17 pages |
| Authors:
Wen-Bin Yang; T C Yang; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC
|
| Direct-sequence spread spectrum is used for underwater acoustic communications between nodes, at least one of which is moving. At-sea data show that the phase change due to source motion is significant: The differential phase between two adjacent symbols is often larger than the phase difference between symbols. This poses a challenge to phase-detection based receiver algorithms when the source or receiver is moving. A pair of energy detectors that are ... |
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| The Feasibility of Nonlinear Dimensionality Reduction for the Rapid Analysis of Persistent Surveillance Data, including the Detection of IED Placement Activity |
31-Oct-2008 |
14 pages |
| Authors:
Frank Bucholtz; Jonathan M Nichols; Michael D Duncan; Leslie N Smith; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC
|
| Our ability to analyze large, complex data sets, such as persistent surveillance data, has often far outstripped our ability to rapidly analyze that data. We have identified a class of intelligent data reduction algorithms, known collectively as Nonlinear Dimensionality Reduction (NLDR), and we believe the utilization of NLDR approaches will allow a significant performance improvement for automated data analysis systems. In this report, we review the basic elements of NLDR ... |
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| The Effect of Registration Error on Tracking Distant Augmented Objects |
Sep-2008 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Mark A Livingston; Zhuming Ai; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC
|
| We conducted a user study of the effect of registration error on performance of tracking distant objects in augmented reality. Categorizing error by types that are often used as specifications, we hoped to derive some insight into the ability of users to tolerate noise, latency, and orientation error. We used measurements from actual systems to derive the parameter settings. We expected all three errors to influence users ability to perform ... |
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| Toward Continuous Underwater Acoustic Communications |
Sep-2008 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
T C Yang; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC
|
| The paper addresses the technical challenges and approaches for semi-continuous underwater acoustic communications, i.e., transmission of long packets under different environmental conditions without periodic training. The packet length is normally constrained by the channel coherence time for a given bandwidth, beyond which channel tracking using an adaptive decision feedback equalizer becomes difficult. But if the channel is known for each block of coherence time, communications can proceed in principle continuously ... |
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| Optically Defined Chemical Functionalization of Silicon Nanomechanical Resonators for Mass Sensing |
Aug-2008 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
Jeffrey W Baldwin; Maxim K Zalalutdinov; Bradford B Pate; Michael J Martin; Brian H Houston; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC
|
| Nanomechanical resonators with their extremely small mass and high surface/volume ratio present a unique opportunity for mass sensing[1-4]. However, functionalization with selective vapor adsorptive functional groups has been an impediment to the realization of nanomechanical systems for mass sensing. Functional groups that adsorb analytes of interest should be patterned only on the nanoresonator itself, and should not be located on structural elements or micro-channel walls, which would greatly limit the ... |
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| Frequency Response of Nanoelectromechanical Cantilevers Operating in Fluid |
Aug-2008 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
Michael J Martin; Brian H Houston; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC
|
| Nano-electro-mechanical resonators used for sensing, data storage, and nano-fabrication applications are often operated as feed-back control systems. To determine the transfer function of silicon cantilevers with a width of 5.0 micrometer, a thickness of 800 nm, and lengths of 10, 15, 30, and 45 micrometer, the damping in air and liquid was simulated numerically using an integrated fluidstructure solver. Bode diagrams and Nyquist plots of the cantilever transfer function indicate ... |
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| Incorporating Mental Simulation for a More Effective Robotic Teammate |
Jul-2008 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
William Adams; J G Trafton; Magdalena D Bugajska; Alan C Schultz; William G Kennedy; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC
|
| How can we facilitate human-robot teamwork? The teamwork literature has identified the need to know the capabilities of teammates. How can we integrate the knowledge of another capabilities for a justifiably intelligent teammate? This paper describes extensions to the cognitive architecture, ACT - R, and the use of artificial intelligence (AI) and cognitive science approaches to produce a more cognitively-plausible, autonomous robotic system that mentally simulates the decision-making of its ... |
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| Ship Airwake Correlation Analysis for the San Antonio Class Transport Dock Vessel |
21 MAY 2008 |
16 pages |
| Authors:
Jason Geder; Ravi Ramamurti; William C. Sandberg; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC
|
| A space-time correlation function method is applied to the analysis of Large Eddy Simulation (LES) unsteady ship airwake data computed for the LPD 17. Correlation functions are computed for potentially dangerous velocity bursting events visually tracked in space and time in the air vehicle landing zone. It is shown that a correlation function approach is of potential value but the usefulness of the approach is very sensitive to the knowledge, ... |
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| Accurate Representation of Attenuation in Large-Signal Helix TWT Simulation Codes |
Apr-2008 |
3 pages |
| Authors:
Baruch Levush; David Chernin; Antonsen; Thomas M Jr; Demos Dialetis; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC
|
| This paper reports on the results of a comparison study of the CHRISTINE one-dimensional helix traveling wave tube (TWT) simulation code with the small signal theory of a beam interacting with a slow wave supported by a sheath helix in the presence of loss to determine whether attenuation is treated with sufficient accuracy by the ad hoc model used in the CHRISTINE code. The study was motivated in part by ... |
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| Large-Signal Code TESLA: Current Status and Recent Development |
Apr-2008 |
3 pages |
| Authors:
Baruch Levush; Antonsen; Thomas M Jr; Khanh T Nguyen; David K Abe; Igor A Chernyavskiy; Alexander N Vlasov; Simon J Cooke; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC
|
| The optimization and design of new high-power, high-efficiency klystron amplifiers relies increasingly on effective nonlinear simulation tools. One such tool is the large-signal code TESLA, which was successfully applied for the modeling of single-beam and multiple-beam klystron devices at the Naval Research Laboratory and which is now used by number of U.S. companies. TESLA is a highly efficient fully electromagnetic two-dimensional code that solves self-consistently the electromagnetic field equations (including ... |
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| High Heat Flux Thermal Management of Microfabricated Upper Millimeter-Wave Vacuum Electronic Devices |
Apr-2008 |
3 pages |
| Authors:
Jeffrey P Calame; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC
|
| Computations of operating temperatures in micro-fabricated upper-millimeter-wave sheet beam traveling wave structures are provided. The studies include the effects of different cooling techniques and construction materials. The scaling of output power capability vs. frequency, as constrained by thermal limits, is also presented. |
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| Examples of Carter Corrected DBDB-V Applied to Acoustic Propagation Modeling |
28 MAR 2008 |
14 pages |
| Authors:
J. P. Fabre; David H. Fabre; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC
|
| The purpose of this report is to describe the difference between nominal depth, as reported in the Naval Oceanographic Office's (NAVO's) Digital Bathymetry Data Base - Variable Resolution, Version 5.1 (DBDB-V v5.1) and true depth, which can be computed from nominal depth (Carter, 1980), and to show the impact of using nominal versus true depth on acoustic propagation estimates. |
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| Dielectric Response of Structured Multilayered Polymer Films Fabricated by Forced Assembly |
17 Mar 2008 |
4 pages |
| Authors:
Mason A Wolak; Ming-Jen Pan; Alan Wan; James S Shirk; Matt Mackey; Anne Hiltner; Eric Baer; Lionel Flandin; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC
|
| The effect of introducing a multilayer microstructure on the dielectric properties of polymer materials is evaluated in 32- and 256-layer films with alternating polycarbonate PC and polyvinylidene-hexafluoropropylene (coPVDF) layers. The permittivity, dielectric loss, dielectric strength, and energy density were measured as a function of the relative PC/coPVDF volume concentrations. The permittivity follows an effective medium model while the dielectric strength was typically higher than that predicted by a volume fraction ... |
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| Environmental Support to Amphibious Craft, Patrol Boats, and Coastal Ships: An Annotated Bibliography |
05 MAR 2008 |
48 pages |
| Authors:
Charles M. Bachmann; Robert A. Fusina; C. R. Nichols; Jack McDermid; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC
|
| This annotated bibliography is a selection of citations to books, articles, documents, and data bases highlighting environmental conditions that impact the safety and performance of amphibious craft, patrol boats, and ships designed for coastal operations. Each citation is followed by a brief summary and evaluation of the source (i.e., the annotation). Most annotations will define the scope of the source, list significant cross references, and identify the relevant environmental conditions. ... |
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| Integrating Vision and Audition within a Cognitive Architecture to Track Conversations |
MAR 2008 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
J. G. Trafton; Magdalena D. Bugajska; Benjamin R. Fransen; Raj M. Ratwani; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC
|
| We describe a computational cognitive architecture for robots which we call ACT-R/E (ACT-R/Embodied). ACT-R/E is based on ACT-R, but uses different visual, auditory and movement modules. We describe a model that uses ACT-R/E to integrate visual and auditory information to perform conversation tracking in a dynamic environment. We also performed an empirical evaluation study which shows that people see our conversational tracking system as extremely natural. |
|
| Emerging Power/Energy Technologies for Portable Electronics for SOCOM |
29 FEB 2008 |
20 pages |
| Authors:
Karen S. Lyons; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC
|
| SOCOM is seeking more capability for SOF teams to operate advanced portable electronics over 72-h missions, but is limited by the energy of present battery systems, the BA5590 battery. Batteries with only modest improvements in specific energy over the BA5590 have only a small impact on 72-h missions at 200W. An improved battery, the BA5390 UHC, will become available in 2008. It will provide about 40% more endurance at 20 ... |
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| Intelligent Data Fusion for Wide-Area Assessment of UXO Contamination |
29 FEB 2008 |
73 pages |
| Authors:
Susan L. Rose-Pehrsson; Kevin Johnson; Christian Minor; Verner Guthrie; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC
|
| Intelligent data fusion techniques are being developed and optimized for use in enhancing wide-area assessment (WAA) for UXO remediation efforts. This report describes the investigations in the second year of project MM-1510 that focused on data fusion. A generalized method for processing input data feature streams from UXO WAA surveys was developed. The method requires the generation of a corresponding geo-referenced feature intensity map and the specification of a functional ... |
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| Angular Broadening of Intraday Variable AGNs II. Interstellar and Intergalactic Scattering |
01 JAN 2008 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
T. J. Lazio; Roopesh Ojha; Alan L. Fey; Lucyna Kedziora-Chudczer; James M. Cordes; David L. Jauncey; James E. Lovell; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC
|
| We analyze a sample of 58 multiwavelength, Very Long Baseline Array observations of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) to determine their scattering properties. Approximately 75% of the sample consists of AGNs that exhibit centimeter-wavelength intraday variability (interstellar scintillation), while the other 25% do not show intraday variability. We find that interstellar scattering is measurable for most of these AGNs, and the typical broadening diameter is 2 mas at 1 GHz. We ... |
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| Potential for Peroxide and Gum Formation in Ultra-Low-Sulfur Diesel Fuels |
31 OCT 2007 |
24 pages |
| Authors:
Heather D. Willauer; Dennis R. Hardy; Robert E. Morris; Frederick W. Williams; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC
|
| This report summarizes an open literature survey that was conducted to determine the level of risk associated with using Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) Fuels in Naval operations. The findings show the level of risk for hydroperoxide and soluble gum formation in these fuels is not well understood. Thus, specific test methods have been identified for determining if these fuels will meet the Navy's long-term storage requirements. In addition, approved ... |
|
| An Evaluation of Compact Laser Drivers for Field-Deployed Analog Fiber-Optic Systems |
31 OCT 2007 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
Vincent J. Urick; Preetpaul S. Devgan; Lee A. Swingen; John F. Diehl; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC
|
| Various laser drivers are analyzed experimentally to determine the impact on the performance of an analog photonic link. For field-deployed units, the NRL-designed supply provides superior noise performance over commercial devices, but the lowest noise is achieved via a bench-top low-noise laser driver. |
|
| Company and Below Command and Control Information Exchange Study |
22 OCT 2007 |
56 pages |
| Authors:
Joseph T. Coyne; Roy Stripling; Kent C. Pfluger; Zina La Budde; Daniel Afergan; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC
|
| This report presents the results of a recently conducted task analysis on the communications needs for the Marine Corps Distributed Operations (DO) concept of infantry operations and recommendations based on currently available technologies for outfitting future DO small units. The results of this task analysis should be of use not only to DO but also to other rapidly paced collective/team-oriented operations that would benefit from distributed command and control decision ... |
|
| The Protections of Bilaterally Sensitive Information on a Restricted Multilateral Network |
19 OCT 2007 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
Myong Kang; Steven Pieper; Jeremy Smith; Allen Yeh; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC
|
| Historically, fully separate technical implementation was required for each bilateral information exchange, which is largely supported by the U.S. in terms of facilities, manpower, and infrastructure at substantial cost. In this report, we propose a solution that will allow the U.S. to consolidate some of these networks while assuring that information will be treated with the appropriate degree of confidentiality. |
|
| Harmful Algal Blooms in the Mississippi Sound and Mobile Bay: Using MODIS Aqua and In Situ Data for HABs in the Northern Gulf of Mexico |
OCT 2007 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
Dan Holiday; Gregory Carter; Richard W. Gould; Hugh MacIntyre; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC
|
| This study investigates the use of satellite remote sensing to detect blooms and predict environmental conditions leading to the formation of HAVs in the turbid coastal waters along the Mississippi and Alabama shores. Phytoplankton populations and in situ water quality were monitored at 3 to 6 week intervals at 17 locations in Mobile Bay and the Mississippi Sound beginning in July 2005 and continuing thru June 2006 along wi concurrent ... |
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| RE Theory Meets Software Practice: Lessons from the Software Development Trenches |
OCT 2007 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
Constance Heitmeyer; Ralph Jeffords; Ramesh Bharadwaj; Myla Archer; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC
|
| Based on our recent experience in four projects, each focused on either security-critical or safety-critical software, this paper evaluates several notions, widely held by Requirements Engineering researchers, for their utility in practical software development. It describes four notions which in our view work in practice and five others which do not. |
|
| Evolutionary Algorithm Based Automated Reverse Engineering and Defect Discovery |
21 SEP 2007 |
35 pages |
| Authors:
III Smith James F.; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC
|
| A data mining based procedure for automated reverse engineering and defect discovery has been developed. The data mining algorithm for reverse engineering uses a genetic program (GP) as a data mining function. A GP is an evolutionary algorithm that automatically evolves populations of computer programs or mathematical expressions, eventually selecting one that is optimal in the sense that it maximizes a fitness function. The system to be reverse engineered is ... |
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| Multi-Camera, High-Speed Imaging System for Kinematics Data Collection |
21 SEP 2007 |
14 pages |
| Authors:
Jason Geder; William C. Sandberg; Ravi Ramamurti; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC
|
| A two-camera system was devised and created to determine the kinematics of flapping fin and flapping wing vehicles. Each camera is set up to capture triggered, high-speed (up to 10,000 frames per second) images of the appendage in a test environment. Using direct linear transforms, each camera is calibrated to convert image coordinates to an alternate coordinate system. Points of interest on the appendage are selected from each camera image ... |
|
| Measurement of Chromatic Dispersion using the Baseband Radio-Frequency Response of a Phase-Modulated Analog Optical Link Employing a Reference Fiber |
19 SEP 2007 |
20 pages |
| Authors:
Jason D. McKinney; John Diehl; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC
|
| In this work we demonstrate a new technique for measuring the chromatic dispersion of an optical fiber using the baseband RF response of a phase-modulated analog optical link in concert with a well-characterized fiber that serves as a dispersion reference. We show that optical phase modulation provides increased measurement resolution and immunity to optical modulator bias-drift as compared to baseband methods utilizing optical intensity modulation. In addition, we provide a ... |
|
| Survey of Commercial Small Lithium Polymer Batteries |
19 SEP 2007 |
25 pages |
| Authors:
Arnold M. Stux; Karen Swider-Lyons; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC
|
| The power and energy of small 1 to 5 g lithium polymer batteries is improving significantly, with a push from the toy and hobby markets. This report characterizes the power and energy of several small batteries from Atomic Workshop, Full River, Kokam, and TOBN, presenting discharge curves as a function of C-rates. The 130 mAh Atomic Workshop batteries are rated to a specific power of nearly 2400 W/kg, and energies ... |
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| Magnetometer Transect Survey of AOI 6 -- Dalecarlia Impact Area American University Experiment Station |
11 JUL 2007 |
50 pages |
| Authors:
A. M. Andrews; D. A. Steinhurst; H. H. Nelson; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC
|
| In December 2006, the Environmental Security Technology Certification Program (ESTCP) Program Office and the Chemistry Division of the Naval Research Laboratory conducted a transect magnetometer survey of the Federal Property on the western edge of the Spring Valley, DC Formerly Used Defense Site (FUDS). The purpose of this demonstration was to evaluate the use of statistically-guided ground transect methods, previously validated for wide area assessment (WAA), to locate and bound ... |
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| Inverse Analysis of Cavitation Impact Phenomena on Structures |
02 JUL 2007 |
32 pages |
| Authors:
S. G. Lambrakos; N. E. Tran; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC
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| A general methodology is presented for in situ detection of cavitation impact phenomena on structures based on inverse analysis of luminescent emissions resulting from the collapsing of bubbles onto surfaces. Following an inverse-analysis approach, luminescent emission signatures are correlated with the general structure of asymmetric bubble collapse onto a surface. This method suggests applications for detection of cavitation that can occur within different types of dynamic water environments of structures. ... |
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