| Uncertainties of Optical Parameters and Their Propagations in an Analytical Ocean Color Inversion Algorithm |
20 Jan 2010 |
16 pages |
| Authors:
Robert Arnone; Chuanmin Hu; Zhong-Ping Lee; P J Werdell; Bertrand Lubac; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
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 | Following the theory of error propagation, we developed analytical functions to illustrate and evaluate the uncertainties of inherent optical properties (IOPs) derived by the quasi-analytical algorithm (QAA). In particular, we evaluated the effects of uncertainties of these optical parameters on the inverted IOPs: the absorption coefficient at the reference wavelength, the extrapolation of particle backscattering coefficient, and the spectral ratios of absorption coefficients of phyloplankton and detritus/gelbstoff, respectively. With a ... |
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| Air-Sea Interaction in the Liqurian Sea: Numerical Simulations and In-Situ Data in the Summer of 2007 |
20 Jan 2010 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Richard J Small; Timothy Campbell; J Teixeira; T A Smith; J Dykes; S Chen; R Allard; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
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| In situ experimental data and numerical model results are presented from the Ligurian Sea in the northwestern Mediterranean. Here surface winds are light in summer except during occasional Mistral events which are often associated with cyclogenesis in the lee of the Alps. The Ligurian Sea Air-Sea Interaction Experiment (LASIE07) took place in June 2007. with a focus on the coincident measurement of oceanic and atmospheric boundary layer properties. To help ... |
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| Acoustic Impact of Short-Term Ocean Variability in the Okinawa Trough |
20 Jan 2010 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Charlie N Barron; Robert W Helber; Gregg A Jacobs; Murat Gunduz; Pete Spence; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
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| The impact of short-term ocean variability on acoustic transmission loss (TL) is examined in the nature run of an observation system simulation experiment (C)SSK) centered on the Okinawa Trough in the western North Pacific. Range-dependent examinations of TL in the upper ocean show the impact of variability as it modifies the sonic layer depth and thickness of the surface duct. Short term variations in the marine environment are shown to ... |
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| Toward Developing a Hydrodynamic Flow & Inundation Model of the Lower Pearl River |
20 Jan 2010 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Paul McKay; Cheryl A Blain; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
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| The lower Pearl River in Mississippi and Louisiana flows through extensive areas of intertidal marshes and floodplains and is subject to frequent floods due to upstream flows, local runoff and tidal and storm forcing. In order to improve flow and flood prediction capabilities, a hydrodynamic flow and inundation model for the lower Pearl River is being developed using ADCIRC by the river modeling group at the Naval Research Laboratory at ... |
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| The Hyperspectral Imager for the Coastal Ocean (HICO): Sensor and Data Processing Overview |
20 Jan 2010 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
M Lewis; D; Gould; R W Jr; R A Arnone; P E Lyon; P M Martinolich; R Vaughan; A Lawson; T Scardino; W Hou; W Snyder; R Lucke; M Corson; M Montes; C Davis; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
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| The Hyperspectral Imager for the Coastal Ocean (HICO) is a new hyperspectral sensor that will be housed on the International Space Station (ISS). The low-cost, rapid-development sensor was built by the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL). NRL is also responsible for mission planning and operational data processing for this new sensor. HICO is sponsored and funded by the Office of Naval Research (ONR) within its Innovative Naval Prototype (INP) program. HICO ... |
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| Ocean Weather in the Gulf of Mexico: Exploiting Real-Time Satellite Ecological Properties and Circulation Models for Coastal Ocean Monitoring |
20 Jan 2010 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Sherwin Ladner; Robert Arnone; Juanita Sandidge; DongShan Ko; Brandon Casey; Callie Hall; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
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| The fusion of real-time remote sensing imagery with numerical ocean circulation models provides a unique capability for monitoring the coastal ocean. A real-time ocean monitoring system is currently operating in the Gulf of Mexico. Dynamic changes in the ocean environment occur on scales of hours, days, weeks and years, which influence biological, ecological and physical processes. By monitoring these processes at different spatial resolutions, new enhanced capability is available to ... |
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| Development of a Relocatable Coastal Forecast System for the US Navy |
20 Jan 2010 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Philip Chu; Cheryl A Blain; Robert S Linzell; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
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| A system to rapidly and automatically assess the performance of numerical ocean modeling systems was developed by the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory (NRL). This includes the calculation of quantitative, objective metrics of the accuracy of ocean forecasts. We will present results from this system, including metrics of surface and subsurface analysis and forecast fields. This work supports the U.S. Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVOCEANO), which provides oceanographic products in response to ... |
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| Upper-Ocean Processed Under the Stratus Cloud Deck in the Southeast Pacific Ocean |
19 Jan 2010 |
19 pages |
| Authors:
Yangxing Zheng; Toshiaki Shinoda; George N Kiladis; Jialin Lin; E J Metzger; Harley E Hurlburt; Benjamin S Giese; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
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| The annual mean heat budget of the upper ocean beneath the stratocumulus/stratus cloud deck in the southeast Pacific is estimated using Simple Ocean Data Assimilation (SODA) and an eddy-resolving Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM). Both are compared with estimates based on Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) Improved Meteorological (IMET) buoy observations at 20 deg S, 85 deg W. Net surface heat fluxes are positive (warming) over most of the area ... |
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| Ocean Data Assimilation Guidance Using Uncertainty Forecasts |
15 Jan 2010 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Emmanuel F Coelho; Clark Rowley; Gregg Jacobs; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
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| This paper discusses preliminary tests on using predicted forecast errors to estimate the impact of observations in correcting the Naval Research Laboratory (NRI.) tide resolving, high resolution regional version of the Navy Coastal Ocean Model (RNCOM) assimilating local observations processed through the NRI. Coupled Ocean Data Assimilation (NCODA) system. Since there will always be a shortfall of data to constraint all sources of uncertainty there is an obvious advantage to ... |
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| Automation of Ocean Model Performance Metrics |
15 Jan 2010 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
James D Dykes; Jay F Shriver; Sean Ziegeler; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
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| A system to rapidly and automatically assess the performance of numerical ocean modeling systems was developed by the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory (NRL). This includes the calculation of quantitative, objective metrics of the accuracy of ocean forecasts. The authors will present the results from this system, including metrics of surface and subsurface analysis and forecast fields. This work supports the U.S. Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVOCEANO), which provides oceanographic products in ... |
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| Satellite Observations and NCOM Assessment of the Mississippi-Louisiana-Texas Coast following Hurricanes Gustav and Ike |
15 Jan 2010 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
Mitsuko Korobkin; Eurico D'Sa; Dong S Ko; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
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| In 2008, two major category 2 hurricanes impacted the northern Gulf of Mexico. Hurricane Gustav made a landfall near Cocodrie, Louisiana on September 1, and Hurricane Ike at Galveston, Texas on September 13. Both surface and subsurface changes of sea states caused by these hurricanes were captured by remote sensing. Measurements of sea surface temperature (SST) from MODIS and chlorophyll a (Chla) concentration from SeaWiFS after Gustav and Ike showed ... |
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| Two-Way Atmospheric and Oceanic Coupling of the Adriatic Bora |
15 Jan 2010 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Travis A Smith; TImothy J Campbell; Richard J Small; Richard A Allard; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
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| Two-way fully-coupled ESMF(Earth System Modeling Framework) COAMPS(Registered) (Coupled Ocean/Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System) simulations of the Adriatic Sea bora were performed to compare to observational data from several recent field studies as well as to an uncoupled simulation. Results show that latent and sensible heat fluxes were superior in the fully coupled run using NCOM (Navy Coastal Ocean Model) SSTs than the uncoupled run utilizing just NCODA (Navy Coupled Ocean Data ... |
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| Real-time Data Assimilation of Ice Concentration into a Coupled Ice/Ocean Forecast System |
15 Jan 2010 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
P G Posey; E J Metzger; A J Wallcraft; O M Smedstad; W M Phelps; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
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| Since the late 1980's, ice forecasting systems developed by the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) have been predicting conditions in the Arctic Ocean and several of its marginal seas for use by the U.S. Navy. Each day a 120-hour forecast of ice drift, ice thickness and ice concentration is run operationally at the Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVOCEANO). Presently, a high resolution Arctic two-way coupled ice/ocean nowcast/forecast system based on the Community ... |
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| Limiting Factors in Underwater Imaging Applications |
14 Jan 2010 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Weilin Hou; Alan D Weidemann; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
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| Applications of a simple underwater imaging model (SUIM) are presented, which help to identify limiting factors in conventional underwater imaging applications, such as diver visibility. The model includes the effects of scattering caused by particles as well as turbulent flow structure. The effect of path radiance is also discussed. |
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| Can an Atmospherically Forced Ocean Model Accurately Simulate Sea Surface Temperature During ENSO Events? |
Jan 2010 |
17 pages |
| Authors:
A B Kara; Harley E Hurlburt; Charlie N Barron; Alan J Wallcraft; E J Metzger; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
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| The performance of an atmospherically forced ocean general circulation model (OGCM) in simulating daily and monthly sea surface temperature (SST) is examined during the historical El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events during the time period 1993 -2003. For this purpose, we use the HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) configured for the North Pacific north of 20 degrees S at a resolution of =9 km. There is no assimilation of (or ... |
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| Influence of Experimental Conditions on the Outcome of Laboratory Investigations Using Natural Coastal Seawaters |
Jan 2010 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Jason S Lee; Richard I Ray; Brenda J Little; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
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| Methods for handling and storing natural coastal seawater, particularly methods for deaeration over time, influenced the chemistry and microflora. Bubbling nitrogen into natural seawater to achieve an anaerobic condition was not conducive to the growth of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB). Despite a higher initial dissolved sulfate concentration and higher total organic carbon in Persian Gulf seawater, higher dissolved sulfide concentrations and SRB populations were measured in Key West, Florida, seawater under ... |
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| Factors Contributing to Corrosion of Steel Pilings in Duluth-Superior Harbor |
Nov 2009 |
14 pages |
| Authors:
Richard I Ray; Jason S Lee; Brenda J Little; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
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| Field observations and laboratory testing were used to conclude that aggressive localized corrosion of carbon steel pilings in Duluth-Superior Harbor, Minnesota and Wisconsin, is caused by the following sequence of biological, chemical, and physical events. Iron-oxidizing bacteria colonize the carbon steel sheet pilings and produce tubercles, which are made up of intact and/or partially degraded remains of bacterial cells mixed with amorphous hydrous ferric oxides. The reducing conditions beneath the ... |
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| An Overview of Global Observing Systems Relevant to GODAE |
29-Oct-2009 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
E Lindstrom; G Le Jacobs; B Gohil; J L Fellous; J Benveniste; Stan Wilson; G Goni; G Ball; M Johnson; D Harrison; Candyce Clark; P Traon; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
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| A global ocean observing system for the physical climate system, comprising both in situ and satellite components, was conceived largely at the Ocean Observations conference in St. Raphael. France, in October 1999. It was recognized that adequate information was not available on the state of the world ocean or its regional variations to address a range of important societal needs. Subsequent work by the marine carbon community and others in ... |
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| Comparisons of Monthly Mean 10 M Wind Speeds from Satellites and NWP Products Over the Global Ocean |
09-Oct-2009 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
Charlie Barron; E J Metzger; Alan J Wallcraft; Ahmet B Kara; R Pauley; M Bourassa; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
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| The accuracy of wind speed at 10 m above the sea surface from two satellite and three numerical weather prediction (NWP) products is investigated over the global ocean. Rain-free equivalent neutral winds from the Quick Scatterometer (QuikSCAT) are converted to stability-dependent winds to be consistent with those from NWP products and are taken as truth in comparisons to winds from other products. Quantitative statistical analyses presented at each grid point ... |
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| Fourier, Scattering, and Wavelet Transforms: Applications to Internal Gravity Waves with Comparisons to Linear Tidal Data |
09-Oct-2009 |
23 pages |
| Authors:
James A Hawkins; Alex C Warn-Varnas; Ivan Christov; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
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| Analysis of tides and internal waves from model studies in the South China Sea is done using three techniques. We summarize results from standard Fourier methods, continuous wavelet analysis and the direct scattering transform. Because the Fourier and wavelet analysis arc inherently linear methods their utility in application to nonlinear dynamics is often questioned. Nevertheless, they have shown to he useful in delineating first order dynamics (for example finding fundamental ... |
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| Intraseasonal Variability Associated with Summer Precipitation Over South America Simulated by 14 IPCC AR4 Coupled GCMs |
Sep-2009 |
25 pages |
| Authors:
Toshiaki Shinoda; Jialin Lin; B Leibermann; T Qian; W Han; P Roudy; J Zhou; Y Zheng; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
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| This study evaluates the intraseasonal variability associated with summer precipitation over South America in 14 coupled general circulation models (GCMs) participating in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report (AR4). Eight years of each model's twentieth-century climate simulation are analyzed. Two dominant intraseasonal bands associated with summer precipitation over South America are focused on: the 40- and the 22 day band. The results show that in the ... |
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| Observing System Evaluations Using GODAE Systems |
Sep-2009 |
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| Authors:
James A Cummings; Pierre-Yves Traon; Gilles Le Larnicol; Stephanie Guinehut; Yosuke Fujii; Eric Dombrowsky; Magdalena A Balmaseda; Peter R Oke; Mounir Benkiran; Matthew J Martin; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
|
 | Global ocean forecast systems, developed under the Global Ocean Data Assimilation Experiment (GODAE), are a powerful means of assessing the impact of different components of the Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS). Using a range of analysis tools and approaches, GODAE systems are useful for quantifying the impact of different observation types on the quality of analyses and forecasts. This assessment includes both existing and future observation platforms. Many important conclusions ... |
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| Ocean Data Assimilation Systems for GODAE |
Sep-2009 |
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| Authors:
Ichiro Fukumori; Jacques Verron; Charles E Testut; Peter Oke; Kristian Mogensen; Pierre Brasseur; Laurent Bertino; Matthew J Martin; Masafumi Kamachi; James A Cummings; Anthony Weaver; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
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| Ocean data assimilation lias matured to the point that observations are now routinely combined with model forecasts to produce a variety of ocean products. Approaches to ocean data assimilation vary widely both in terms of the sophistication of the method and the observations assimilated, and also in terms of specification of the forecast error covariances, model biases, observation errors, and quality-control procedures. In this paper, we describe some of the ... |
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| Validation and Intercomparison Studies Within GODAE |
Sep-2009 |
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| Authors:
Eric Chassignet; Andrey Ratsimandresy; Ray Mahdon; Gilles Garric; Marie Drevillon; Fraser Davidson; Gary Brassington; Fabrice Hernandez; Laurent Bertino; Matthew J Martin; Jean-Michel Lellouche; Masafumi Kamachi; James Cummings; Charly Regnier; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
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| During the Global Ocean Data Assimilation Experiment (GODAE), seven international operational centers participated in a dedicated modeling system intercomparison exercise from February to April 2008. The objectives were: (1) to show GODAE global-ocean and basin-scale forecasting systems of different countries in routine interaction and continuous operation, (2) to assess the quality and perform scientific validation of the ocean analyses and the forecasting performance of each system, and (3) to learn ... |
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| Comparisons of Monthly Mean 10 m Wind Speeds from Satellites and NWP Products over the Global Ocean |
Aug-2009 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
E J Metzger; A J Wallcraft; C N Barron; A B Kara; R L Pauley; M A Bourassa; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
|
| The accuracy of wind speed at 10 m above the sea surface from two satellite and three numerical weather prediction (NWP) products is investigated over the global ocean. Rain-free equivalent neutral winds from the Quick Scatterometer (QuikSCAT) are converted to stability-dependent winds to be consistent with those from NWP products and are taken as truth in comparisons to winds from other products. Quantitative statistical analyses presented at each grid point ... |
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| Data Assembly and Processing for Operational Oceanography: 10 Years of Achievements |
20-Jul-2009 |
27 pages |
| Authors:
Le; N Hoepffner; F Bonjean; D Griffin; G Jacobs; H Roquet; C Donlon; D Roemmich; A Bentamy; S Pouliquen; S Guinehut; G Larnicol; P Y Traon; L A Breivick; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
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| Data assembly and processing centers are essential elements of the operational oceanography infrastructure. They provide data and products needed by modeling and data assimilation systems; they also provide products directly useable for applications. The paper will discuss the role and functions of the data centers for operational oceanography and describe some of the main data assembly centers developed during GODAE: Argo and Coriolis data centers for in-situ data, SSALTO/DUACS and ... |
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| Subinertial Slope-Trapped Waves in the Northeastern Gulf of Mexico |
Jun-2009 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
Z R Hallock; W J Teague; E Jarosz; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
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| Current velocity from moored arrays of acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCPs) deployed on the outer shelf and slope, south of Mobile Bay in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico, shows evidence of alongslope, generally westward-propagating subinertial baroclinic Kelvin waves with periods of about 16 and 21 days, amplitudes of 5-10 cm/sec, and wavelengths of about 500 km. The observed waves were highly coherent over the slope between about 200 and 500 ... |
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| U.S. GODAE: Global Ocean Prediction With the HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) |
Jun-2009 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
Eric P Chassignet; Francisco Werner; Ruoying He; Alexander Barth; Robert Weisberg; Peter Cornillon; Steve Hankin; Ashwanth Srinivasan; Hendrik L Tolman; Carlos Lozano; Alan J Wallcraft; Remy Baraille; Rainer Bleck; George R Halliwell; James A Cummings; Ole M Smedstad; E J Metzger; Harley E Hurlburt; John Wilkin; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
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| During the past five to ten years, a broad partnership of institutions under NOPP sponsorship has collaborated in developing and demonstrating the performance and application of eddy-resolving, real-time global- and basin-scale ocean prediction systems using the HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) The partnership represents a broad spectrum of the oceanographic community, bringing together academia, federal agencies, and industry/commercial entities ,, and spanning modeling, data assimilation, data management and serving, observational ... |
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| Vertical Structure of Bottom Ekman Tidal Flows: Observations, Theory, and Modeling From the Northern Adriatic |
17-Apr-2009 |
26 pages |
| Authors:
Milivoj Kuzmic; Ivica Janekovic; Paul J Martin; Jeffrey W Book; M Wimbush; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
|
| From September 2002 to May 2003, fifteen bottom-mounted, acoustic Doppler current profilers measured currents of the northern Adriatic basin. Tidal fluctuations at all seven of the major Adriatic frequencies were synthesized from a response tidal analysis of these measurements. Most observed tidal current ellipses were nearly reversing, but near the bottom, tidal current ellipses all shortened and broadened, semidiurnal currents led upper water column currents, and diurnal tidal current ellipse ... |
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| Use of the Oregon State University Tidal Inversion Software (OTIS) to Generate Improved Tidal Prediction in the East-Asian Seas |
10-Apr-2009 |
35 pages |
| Authors:
Paul J Martin; Scott R Smith; Pamela G Posey; Gretchen M Dawson; Shelley H Riedlinger; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
|
| The Oregon State University (OSU) Tidal Inversion Software (OTIS) is being automated, tested and used to generate tidal solutions in the East-Asian Seas (EAS) region. This effort was undertaken to improve the tidal solutions within a relocatable version of the Navy Coastal Ocean Model (NCOM). Tests were conducted within the EAS and with a smaller domain within the EAS, the Yellow Sea, to look at the effects on OTIS of ... |
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| Interaction of Hurricane Katrina with Optically Complex Water in the Gulf of Mexico: Interpretation Using Satellite-Derived Inherent Optical Properties and Chlorophyll Concentration |
Apr-2009 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
Paul Lyon; James Acker; Frank Hoge; Suhung Shen; Mitchell Roffer; Greg Gawlikowski; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
|
| When Hurricane Katrina passed over southern Florida, Florida Bay and the West Florida Shelf, and into the Gulf of Mexico, empirically derived chl a increases were observed in the Tortugas Gyre circulation feature, and in adjacent waters. Analysis of the empirically derived chl a increase within the gyre has been primarily attributed to initiation of a phytoplankton bloom promoted by nutrients upweiled by Katrina's winds. Detailed analysis of inherent optical ... |
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| Analysis Solutions for Open-Channel Temperature Response to Unsteady Thermal Discharge and Boundary Heating |
Apr-2009 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
H S Tang; T R Keen; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
|
| Analytical solutions are derived for a one-dimensional model of the bulk temperature response of open-channel flow with unsteady and nonuniform heating at the upstream end, the water surface, and the riverbed. The solutions are explicit formulas comprised of transient terms, which play dominant roles in the upstream region, and equilibrium terms, which determine the temperature far downstream. The applicability of the solutions to practical problems is illustrated for two cases: ... |
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| Objective Estimates of Westward Rossby Wave and Eddy Propagation from Sea Surface Height Analyses |
17-Mar-2009 |
19 pages |
| Authors:
C N Barron; A B Kara; G A Jacobs; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
|
| An objective method to estimate westward propagation of sea surface height (SSH) anomalies is introduced and compared to a subjective technique. Both approaches use time series extracted from global SSH analyses, prepared by optimal interpolation of altimeter data, as described in detail. The cost function used in the objective method calculates the mean along-slope standard deviation, where slope is the reciprocal of propagation speed and defines the angle of linear ... |
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| Global Ocean Forecast System (GOFS) Version 3.0 (User's Manual) |
12-Mar-2009 |
76 pages |
| Authors:
E J Metzger; O M Smedstad; S N Carroll; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
|
| The User's Manual describes the sequence of scripts for the Global Ocean Forecast System (GOFS) Version 3.0 that consists of the 1/12 degree global HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) and uses the Navy Coupled Ocean Data Assimilation scheme that is run daily in the normal processing stream at the Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVOCEANO). It is geared toward NAVOCEANO operators rather than a scientific researcher using HYCOM. The appendices contain the ... |
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| Quantifying SST Errors from an OGCM in Relation to Atmospheric Forcing Variables |
03-Mar-2009 |
17 pages |
| Authors:
Harley E Hurlburt; Alan J Wallcraft; A B Kara; Wei-Yin Loh; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
|
| The relationship between various atmospheric variables at the sea surface and climatological monthly means of sea surface temperature (SST) is investigated over the global ocean. The goal is to quantify the change in SST that results solely from variations in a particular atmospheric variable. This is accomplished using a series of numerical simulations from an atmospherically-forced ocean general circulation model (OGCM). It is first demonstrated that SST variations at all ... |
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| Polarized Light in Coastal Waters: Hyperspectral and Multiangular Analysis |
Mar-2009 |
19 pages |
| Authors:
Jing Zhou; Deric J Gray; Alberto Tonizzo; Alexander Gilerson; Michael S Twardowski; Robert A Arnone; Barry M Gross; Fred Moshary; Samir A Ahmed; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
|
| Measurements of the underwater polarized light field were performed at different stations, atmospheric conditions and water compositions using a newly developed hyperspectral and multiangular polarimeter during a recent cruise in the coastal areas of New York Harbor - Sandy Hook, NJ region (LISA). Results represented for waters with chlorophyll concentrations 1.3-4.8-micrometer g/1 and minerals concentrations 2.0- 3.9mg/1. Angular and spectral variations of the degree of polarization are found to be ... |
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| Application of a Vanishing, Quasi-Sigma, Vertical Coordinate for Simulation of High-Speed, Deep Currents over the Sigsbee Escarpment in the Gulf of Mexico |
Mar 2009 |
19 pages |
| Authors:
Dmitry S Dukhovskoy; Steven L Morey; Paul J Martin; James J O'Brien; Cortis Cooper; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
|
| Recent observations over the Sigsbee Escarpment in the Gulf of Mexico have revealed extremely energetic deep currents (near 1 m/sec), which are trapped along the escarpment. Both scientific interest and engineering needs demand dynamical understanding of these extreme events, and can benefit from a numerical model designed to complement observational and theoretical investigations in this region of complicated topography. The primary objective of this study is to develop a modeling ... |
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| Optimizing Surface Winds using QuikSCAT Measurements in the Mediterranean Sea During 2000-2006 |
28 Feb 2009 |
14 pages |
| Authors:
A B Kara; Alan J Wallcraft; Paul J Martin; Randal L Pauley; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
|
| Interannual variability of wind speed at 10 m above the sea surface is investigated over the Mediterranean Sea, with a particular focus near land-sea boundaries. For this purpose, monthly mean winds are formed at a resolution of 0.25 deg using twice-daily, rain-free, wind measurements calibrated to equivalent neutral winds from the QuikSCAT satellite during 2000-2006. A stability correction applied to these satellite-based winds reveals that the equivalent neutral winds are ... |
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| Mixed Layer Depth in the Aegean, Marmara, Black and Azov Seas: Part I: General Features |
28 Feb 2009 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
A B Kara; Robert W Helber; Timothy P Boyer; James B Elsner; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
|
| Climatological fields of mixed layer depth (MLD) are presented over the Aegean, Marmara, Black and Azov Seas. Monthly fields of MLD are formed by historical individual temperature and salinity profiles from combination of various data sets with additional quality control procedures applied. Various definitions that are based solely on temperature (T) or those that include the impact of salinity (S) are applied to investigate the robustness in the pattern and ... |
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| Internal Solitary Waves Induced by Flow Over a Ridge: With Applications to the Northern South China Sea |
24-Feb-2009 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
Shenn-Yu Chao; Ping-Tung Shaw; Dong S Ko; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
|
| The generation of internal solitary waves by barotropic tides over a ridge is studied in a nonhydrostatic numerical model under idealized oceanographic settings. The experiments examine the effects of ridge width, barotropic tidal strength, and stratification on wave generation. The barotropic tidal flow produces internal wave beams emitting from the ridge top if the slope of the ridge exceeds a critical value equal to the slope of the wave beam. ... |
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| Software Design Description for the HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM), Version 2.2 |
12-Feb-2009 |
157 pages |
| Authors:
E J Metzger; A J Wallcraft; S N Carroll; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
|
| This document describes the software design and code of the HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) version 2.2. It includes the mathematical formulation and solution procedures for HYCOM 2.2 as well as flow charts and descriptions of the programs, modules, and subroutines. |
|
| Navy Coastal Ocean Model (NCOM) Version 4.0 (User's Manual) |
06-Feb-2009 |
75 pages |
| Authors:
Clark Rowley; Paul J Martin; Charlie N Barron; Lucy F Smedstad; TImothy J Campbell; Alan J Wallcraft; Robert C Rhodes; Tamara L Townsend; Suzanne N Carroll; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
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| The version 4 series of the Navy Coastal Ocean Model (NCOM) has been developed at the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) and transitioned to the Navy Oceanographic Office. New capabilities include a general vertical coordinate (GVC) option in addition to the sigma-z coordinate vertical grid, Earth System Modeling Framework (ESMF) compliance, and several other compile time options that increase the flexibility of the model code. NRL has also begun maintaining NCOM ... |
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| Description and Evaluation of GDEM-V 3.0 |
06-Feb-2009 |
27 pages |
| Authors:
Michael R Carnes; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
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| The GDEM (Generalized Digital Environment Model) has served as the U.S. Navy's global gridded ocean temperature and salinity climatology since its development began in 1975. This memorandum introduces a new version of this climatology, named GDEM-V 3.0, and discusses the techniques used in its construction. Several comparisons are shown between version 3.0 and the previous version (2.6) of GDEM to demonstrate several significant improvements. The largest change in methodology was ... |
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| High-Resolution Numerical Atmospheric and Ocean Simulations of Typhoon Maemi (September 2003) |
Jan-2009 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Travis A Smith; T Campbell; R Allard; J Dykes; R J Small; S Riedlinger; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
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| High-resolution numerical simulations of the Korean Straits and East Sea utilizing the Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS), the Navy Coastal Ocean Model (NCOM), and the SWAN wave model are conducted to examine the ocean and atmosphere model skill and response to Typhoon Maemi (September 2003). Due to the rarity of an intense tropical cyclone making landfall on the Korean Peninsula and traversing through the East China Sea, this study ... |
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| Skill Assessment for Coupled Biological/Physical Models of Marine Systems |
Jan-2009 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
Scott C Doney; Craig A Stow; Jason Jolliff; McGillicuddy; Dennis J Jr; J I Allen; Marjorie A Friedrichs; Kenneth A Rose; Philip Wallhead; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
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| Coupled biological/physical models of marine systems serve many purposes including the synthesis of information, hypothesis generation, and as a tool for numerical experimentation. In such applications it is imperative that a rigorous model skill assessment is conducted so that the model's capabilities are tested and understood. Herein, we review several metrics and approaches useful to evaluate model skill. The definition of skill and the determination of the skill level necessary ... |
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| A Study of Dissipation of Wind-Waves by Mud as Cassino Beach, Brazil: Prediction and Inversion |
Jan-2009 |
16 pages |
| Authors:
W E Rogers; K T Holland; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
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| The impact of a non-rigid seafloor on the wave climate at Cassino Beach, Brazil, May-June 2005 is studied using field measurements and a numerical wavemodel. The measurements consist of wave data at four locations; rheology and mud thickness from grab samples; and an estimate of the horizontal distribution of mud based on echo-soundings. The dissipation of waves by a non-rigid bottom is represented in the wave model by treating the ... |
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| A Model-Coupling Framework for Nearshore Waves, Currents, Sediment Transport, and Seabed Morphology |
Jan-2009 |
16 pages |
| Authors:
H S Tang; T R Keen; R Khanbilvardi; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
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| This paper presents a framework for synchronously coupling wave, current, sediment transport, and seabed morphology for the accurate simulation of multi-physics coastal ocean processes. The governing equations, which represent models that are commonly adopted in practical simulations, are discretized using finite-difference methods. The resulting system is validated against analytical solutions. In order to test the performance of the proposed framework and the numerical methods, dam-break flow over a mobile-bed and ... |
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| Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion |
Jan-2009 |
39 pages |
| Authors:
Brenda J Little; Jason S Lee; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
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| The term microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) is used to designate corrosion due to the presence and activities of microorganisms, i.e., those organisms that cannot be seen individually with the unaided human eye, including microalgae, archaea, bacteria, and fungi. Microorganisms can accelerate rates or partial reactions in corrosion processes or shift the mechanism for corrosion. Microorganisms can influence pitting, dealloying, enhanced erosion corrosion, enhanced galvanic corrosion, stress corrosion cracking, and hydrogen ... |
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| Diver Visibility: Why One Can Not See as Far? |
Jan-2009 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Weilin Hou; Alan D Weidemann; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
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| Diver visibility has been one of the key research areas in underwater vision and imaging studies. Its applications also extend into imaging system performance evaluation and prediction, which is important in MIW and ASW operations. These applications are often associated with coastal ocean waters, and this is generally translated directly into turbidity of the water column. While mostly this is the case, exceptions can lead to erroneous predictions and potentially ... |
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| Deep Flow Transport Through the Ulleung Interplain Gap in the Southwestern East/Japan Sea |
Jan-2009 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
Kyung-Il Chang; Kuh Kim; Yun-Bae Kim; Jae-Hak Lee; Wiliam J Chul Teague; Jae Lee; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
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| Deep circulation in the southwestern East/Japan Sea through the Ulleung Interplain Gap (UIG), a possible pathway for deep-water exchange, was directly measured for the first time. Five concurrent current meter moorings were positioned to effectively span the UIG between the islands of Ulleungdo to the west and Dokdo to the east. They provided a 495-day time series of deep currents below 1800 m depth spanning the full breadth of the ... |
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