| OPERATION HARDTACK. Project 8.4. Early-Time Spectra of Very-High-Altitude Nuclear Detonations, |
01 SEP 1985 |
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| Authors:
William J. Parker; Robert J. Jenkins; Edward C. Y. Inn; NAVAL RADIOLOGICAL DEFENSE LAB SAN FRANCISCO CA
|
 | The objective of this project was to photograph the spectrum of the bomb light of the three high altitude nuclear detonations of Operation Hardtack from two high-flying aircraft with a time resolution of 50 seconds and a spectral resolution adequate to identify the emission or absorption spectrum of molecular species that might be formed around the fireball. Keywords: Instrumentation; Photography; Nuclear Fireball. |
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| Operation Hardtack. Project 2.8. Fallout Measurements by Aircraft and Rocket Sampling, |
01 SEP 1985 |
83 pages |
| Authors:
S. L. Whitcher; L. R. Bunney; R. R. Soule; R. A. da Roza; NAVAL RADIOLOGICAL DEFENSE LAB SAN FRANCISCO CA
|
 | The general objective of this project was to estimate, from analytical data on cloud samples, the relative distribution of certain radionuclides between the local and worldwide fallout formed by megaton-range detonations on land and water surfaces, with particular emphasis on the distribution of Sr90 and Cs137 between local and worldwide fallout. Specific objectives were to: (1) obtain airborne particle and gas samples by rocket and aircraft sampling techniques; (2) determine ... |
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| OPERATION HARDTACK. Project 2.3. Characteristics of the Radioactive Cloud from Underwater Bursts, |
01 SEP 1985 |
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| Authors:
E. C. Evans III; T. H. Shirasawa; NAVAL RADIOLOGICAL DEFENSE LAB SAN FRANCISCO CA
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| Operation Ranger. |
01 APR 1985 |
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| Authors:
Richard D. Wolfe; NAVAL RADIOLOGICAL DEFENSE LAB SAN FRANCISCO CA
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| The report summarizes and describes the data on the five nuclear detonations. All were air drops with the intention of gathering experimental data to confirm theoretical calculations on weapon construction and components in preparation for Operation Greenhouse. Although no specific experiments were conducted to demonstrate the efficacy of earth-moving operation as a decontaminantfor land areas, it was evident from the bull-dozing operations following the fifth shot that when contamination is ... |
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| LUNG DEPOSITION OF LABELLED MONODISPERSE SUBMICRONIC PARTICLES |
02 DEC 1968 |
26 pages |
| Authors:
William J. Vaughan; Burton E. Vaughan; NAVAL RADIOLOGICAL DEFENSE LAB SAN FRANCISCO CA
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| Aerosol deposition in the rat lung has been determined as a function of particle size between 0.034 and 1.2 microns aerodynamic diameter. 22Na- Labeled aerosol was produced as monodisperse particles by a modified version of the Sinclair-LaMer glycerol generator. Particle size was determined by light scattering and was verified by light and electron microscopy. Anesthetized rats were fitted with a tracheal tube, thus avoiding oral or nasal influences on lung ... |
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| The Emittance of Germanium and Silicon at Low Temperature. |
NOV 1968 |
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| Authors:
Eugene R. Schleiger; Lyman A. Webb; NAVAL RADIOLOGICAL DEFENSE LAB SAN FRANCISCO CA
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| Emittance measurements as a function of temperature have been performed on germanium and silicon samples representing a wide range of resistivities. In general, emittance was found to increase with increasing temperature and increasing impurity level. The emittance of germanium (p and n-types) at 360 deg. K ranged from approximately 0.2 for a resistivity of 30 ohm-cm to approximately 0.6 for a resistivity of 0.1 ohm-cm. At 34 deg. K, the ... |
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| SUSCEPTIBILITY TO INFECTION WITH PASTEURELLA TULARENSIS AND THE IMMUNE RESPONSE OF MICE EXPOSED TO CONTINUOUS LOW DOSE RATE GAMMA RADIATION |
07-Aug-1968 |
34 pages |
| Authors:
Frederick A Hodge; W R Leif; Myron S Silverman; NAVAL RADIOLOGICAL DEFENSE LAB SAN FRANCISCO CA
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| Mice were exposed to continuous low dose rate (1.4 R/hr) gamma radiation. Immediately after accumulating 1000 R, 2000 R, or 3000 R, they received a subcutaneous injection of the live vaccine strain (LVS) of Pasteurella tularensis. Although the avirulent strain caused no effect in normal mice, a fulminating infection occurred in irradiated mice. As the total radiation dose increased the LD50 of the organism decreased. Animals surviving irradiation and immunization ... |
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| A REVIEW OF RESEARCH ON FLASH BLINDNESS, |
01 JUL 1968 |
76 pages |
| Authors:
Joseph D. Teresi; NAVAL RADIOLOGICAL DEFENSE LAB SAN FRANCISCO CA
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| The nature and cause of flash blindness are briefly discussed, and the most important data from both field tests and laboratory experiments are summarized. Data on time of recovery from effects of flash blindness are reviewed and presented as a function of total effective integrated energy in the flash, the size of the pupil, the state of adaptation prior to the flash, the size of the critical detail in the ... |
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| SURVIVAL TIME AND INCAPACITATION IN SUPRALETHALLY IRRADIATED DOGS |
28 JUN 1968 |
50 pages |
| Authors:
Peter C. Block; James F. Taylor; Earl J. Ainsworth; NAVAL RADIOLOGICAL DEFENSE LAB SAN FRANCISCO CA
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| Incapacitation and resultant times of death have been studied with dogs following supralethal doses of either 60Co gamma or pulsed TRIGA reactor radiations. The nominal doses delivered were 4500, 9000, 13,500, or 18,000 rad. The exposure rates were 190.25 R/min from the 60Co sources and 3.4 - 11.5 x 10 to the 7th power rad/min from the TRIGA reactor. The two lower doses (4500 and 9000 rad) produced gastrointestinal deaths, ... |
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| SURVIVAL OF COLONY-FORMING UNITS AND SURVIVAL OF IRRADIATED MICE TREATED WITH AET OR ENDOTOXIN |
21-Jun-1968 |
69 pages |
| Authors:
Earl J Ainsworth; Rex M Larsen; NAVAL RADIOLOGICAL DEFENSE LAB SAN FRANCISCO CA
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| When mice are given radiation exposures producing the hematopoietic syndrome, it is assumed that it is the killing of hematopoietic stem cells and the leuko- and thrombocytopenias which ultimately develop that predispose the animals to infection, hemorrhage and death. The colony-forming unit (CFU) has many attributes of a (the) hematopoietic stem cell, and it might be expected that a high correlation should exist between CFU survival and survival of the ... |
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| SIGNIFICANCE OF FALLOUT INGRESS INTO SHELTERS, |
19 APR 1968 |
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| Authors:
Herbert Lacayo Jr.; Mary A. Sullivan; NAVAL RADIOLOGICAL DEFENSE LAB SAN FRANCISCO CA
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| Methods for evaluating the significance of fallout ingress into shelters through broken windows are examined. A limited small-scale experimental simulation was performed to test the sensitivity of ingress-loading ratios to such variables as number of windows, window area, wind speed, and wind direction. In addition, a geometric method for estimating fallout ingress is described. The significance of fallout ingress in terms of increasing exposure of shelter occupants to ionizing radiation ... |
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| IDENTIFICATION AND YIELD OF PD117 IN THE THERMAL-NEUTRON FISSION OF U235, |
12 FEB 1968 |
14 pages |
| Authors:
Herbert V. Weiss; Johnny L. Elzie; James M. Fresco; NAVAL RADIOLOGICAL DEFENSE LAB SAN FRANCISCO CA
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| As part of a study of nuclear charge distribution in the region of symmetric fission, the existence and cumulative fission yield of 117Pd were sought. Palladium was isolated free from silver and cadmium at different times after fission and the quantity of descendant 117Cd activity was measured. A half-life for 117Pd of 5.0 +0.5 or -0.7 sec was derived from these data. Through a comparison of 117Cd activity produced by ... |
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| THERMAL-NEUTRON FISSION OF 235U: IDENTIFICATION AND FRACTIONAL CHAIN YIELD OF 77GA, |
11 FEB 1968 |
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| Authors:
Leon Wish; NAVAL RADIOLOGICAL DEFENSE LAB SAN FRANCISCO CA
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| The study of nuclear charge dispersion in the light-fission-product region from thermal-neutron irradiation of 235U was begun with measurements on mass chain 77. An ion exchange procedure was developed which rapidly separated Ga from its daughter products, Ge and As. Ga separations were made at various times after fission and the Ge daughter activities were isolated and measured. From these activities 77Ga and 78Ga were indirectly identified as fission products. ... |
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| ELECTROCHEMICAL CORROSION STUDIES OF GALVANICALLY COUPLED SNAP-21 MATERIALS |
15 JAN 1968 |
36 pages |
| Authors:
Donald A. Kubose; Herman I. Cordova; NAVAL RADIOLOGICAL DEFENSE LAB SAN FRANCISCO CA
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| Electrochemical corrosion rate measurements on materials used in the SNAP-21 radioisotopically-fueled power system have been made in seawater at room temperature. The materials examined included aluminum, copper, Hastelloy C, Hastelloy X, nickel, 3-4 stainless steel, tantalum, titanium-621 alloy and uranium-8% molybdenum alloy. The normal corrosion rate of each material was measured by means of galvanostic polarization techniques. A galvanic series of the materials in seawater was determined and the galvanic ... |
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| TVS-OCD CITY MODEL, PHASE I: RATIONALE FOR INPUT AND OUTPUT PROGRAMS BASED ON CATEGORIZATION OF POSTATTACK CITY OPERATIONS, |
30 NOV 1967 |
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| Authors:
David Freund; Robert Hesser; Robert Spotts; June Brevdy; NAVAL RADIOLOGICAL DEFENSE LAB SAN FRANCISCO CA
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| The concept and rationale of the TVS-OCD City Model, based on the U. S. Navy's TVS (Target Vulnerability Studies) project conducted at the Naval Radiological Defense Laboratory, is described. This model is being designed to permit preattack target-vulnerability analysis and postattack damage estimates. Inputs to the model will consist of preattack and postattack city or community descriptions, one of a number of attack patterns, and damage estimates. Outputs of the ... |
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| FISSION PRODUCT DECAY CHAINS: SCHEMATICS WITH BRANCHING FRACTIONS, HALF-LIVES, AND LITERATURE REFERENCES |
17 OCT 1967 |
36 pages |
| Authors:
Glenn R. Crocker; NAVAL RADIOLOGICAL DEFENSE LAB SAN FRANCISCO CA
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| Schematic diagrams of the decay chains for the fission products of uranium and plutonium are presented, with half-lives of the nuclides, branching fractions, and literature references. The updated data were obtained from a review of the literature through February 1967. |
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| ANTIBACTERIAL ACTION OF A BEE VENOM FRACTION (MELITTIN) AGAINST A PENICILLIN-RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AND OTHER MICROORGANISMS |
14 AUG 1967 |
19 pages |
| Authors:
Jean F. Fennell; William H. Shipman; Leonard J. Cole; NAVAL RADIOLOGICAL DEFENSE LAB SAN FRANCISCO CA
|
| Bee venom and its melittin fraction were shown to have antibacterial activity against a penicillin-resistant strain of Staph aureus (strain 80). This activity of bee venom and melittin was demonstrated by a method similar to that used for plate sensitivity tests. Both whole bee venom and its melittin fraction were also able to inhibit the growth of 20 of the 30 different bacterial organisms tested. More Gram positive organisms (86%) ... |
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| MEASUREMENT OF EMITTANCE OF TRANSPARENT MATERIALS AT LOW TEMPERATURE. |
JUL 1967 |
|
| Authors:
Eugene R. Schleiger; Lyman A. Webb; NAVAL RADIOLOGICAL DEFENSE LAB SAN FRANCISCO CA
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| Improvements of a previously developed transient calorimetric method of measuring total hemispherical emittance transparent materials are described. They consist essentially of a method of calibrating thermocouples when installed in the dewar by comparison with a platinum resistance thermometer and a method of thermal switching by the temporary introduction of helium gas in the evacuated dewar. The results of emittance measurements of several Irtran filters of thickness 1 mm are presented ... |
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| BIAS IN FALLOUT DATA FROM NUCLEAR SURFACE SHOT SMALL BOY AN EVALUATION OF SAMPLE PERTURBATION BY SIEVE SIZING |
26 JUN 1967 |
21 pages |
| Authors:
Juan N. Pascual; NAVAL RADIOLOGICAL DEFENSE LAB SAN FRANCISCO CA
|
| Evaluation of sample bias introduced by the mechanical sieving of Small Boy fallout samples for 10 minutes revealed the following: Up to 20% of the mass and 30% of the gamma-ray activity can be lost from the large-particle (greater than 1400 microns) fraction. The pan fraction (less than 44 microns) can gain in weight by as much as 79%, and in activity by as much as 44%. The gamma-ray spectra ... |
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| FIRE INFORMATION REQUIREMENTS FOR CIVIL DEFENSE COMMAND AND CONTROL, |
04 APR 1967 |
135 pages |
| Authors:
Mary Ann Sullivan; NAVAL RADIOLOGICAL DEFENSE LAB SAN FRANCISCO CA
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| By assuming a hypothetical nuclear attack on various targets in the United States, including two in the vicinity of San Francisco, elements of civil defense operations requiring transattack and postattack fire information are identified. Through the assessment of probable types of fire operations within the framework of the assumed attack, the types and volume of fire information at the local level are summarized. It is concluded that less information, of ... |
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| FUNDAMENTAL PROCESSES OF IGNITION AND COMBUSTION RELATING TO FIRES CAUSED BY NUCLEAR DETONATIONS, |
25 MAR 1967 |
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| Authors:
Stanley B. Martin; Rolf H. Renner; R. E. Jones; NAVAL RADIOLOGICAL DEFENSE LAB SAN FRANCISCO CA
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| The fundamental processes of ignition and combustion are reviewed to date as part of the OCD program for assessing urban vulnerability to fire from nuclear bursts. Sufficient background information is provided for use in future fire-damage assessments and fire-protection procedures. Included are definitions of the types of ignition and combustion, the factors governing ignition and combustion, and the mechanisms by which fire propagates. The technical material presented serves as background ... |
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| THE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF MICE TO AIRBORNE INFECTIONS FOLLOWING CONTINUOUS EXPOSURE TO LOW DOSE RATE GAMMA RADIATION |
FEB 1967 |
71 pages |
| Authors:
Myron S. Silverman; NAVAL RADIOLOGICAL DEFENSE LAB SAN FRANCISCO CA
|
| Continuous exposure to Co60 gamma irradiation delivered at 1.0-1.5 rad/hour increases the susceptibility of mice to subcutaneous and airborne infections with strains of Listeria monocytogenes and Pasteurella tularensis of relatively low virulence for non-irradiated mice. Although the irradiated mice were found to be fully as capable as non-irradiated mice of synthesizing antibodies against sheep red blood cells and of rejecting foreign skin grafts, survivors of an initial infection were less ... |
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| HEAT CAPACITY BY THE RADIANT ENERGY ABSORPTION TECHNIQUE. |
1967 |
|
| Authors:
O. Makarounis; NAVAL RADIOLOGICAL DEFENSE LAB SAN FRANCISCO CA
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| INCREASED RADIATION RESISTANCE OF MICE INJECTED WITH BEE VENOM ONE DAY PRIOR TO EXPOSURE |
20 DEC 1966 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
William H. Shipman; Leonard J. Cole; NAVAL RADIOLOGICAL DEFENSE LAB SAN FRANCISCO CA
|
| Mice were injected with bee venom dissolved in a 0.90% NaCl solution. This injection was given either intraperitoneally or subcutaneously 24 hours before the mice were irradiated with X rays. It was found that, after exposure to a lethal dose of radiation (800 - 850 R) the venom-injected mice had a consistently higher number of survivals than the controls, and that the subcutaneously-injected mice had a higher number of survivals ... |
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| A RAPID ION EXCHANGE METHOD FOR THE CONCENTRATION OF COBALT FROM SEAWATER |
29 NOV 1966 |
17 pages |
| Authors:
M. G. Lai; H. A. Goya; NAVAL RADIOLOGICAL DEFENSE LAB SAN FRANCISCO CA
|
| A chelating ion-exchange method was devised for the quantitative extraction of cobalt from relatively large volumes of seawater. This method was needed for the study of seawater corrosion of cobalt-based, SNAP-fuel encapsulant alloys. The method consists in passing the acidified seawater sample through a column of Chelex-100 ion-exchange resin, then eluting the cobalt from the column with 4N hydrochloric acid. |
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| THREE TESTS OF FIREHOSING TECHNIQUE AND EQUIPMENT FOR THE REMOVAL OF FALLOUT FROM ASPHALT STREETS AND ROOFING MATERIALS |
18 OCT 1966 |
77 pages |
| Authors:
Lyman L. Wiltshire; Leigh W. Owen; NAVAL RADIOLOGICAL DEFENSE LAB SAN FRANCISCO CA
|
| The report describes three separate firehosing experiments. Each employed radio-traced simulant in order to measure removal effectiveness. It was concluded that: (1) Effectiveness of reclamation by firehosing improves as surface roughness decreases and particle size increases. (2) Removal effectiveness improves with effort, but the residual mass is not significantly reduced after the second pass. (3) The flare nozzle is consistently more effective than the fire nozzle in cleaning roof surfaces. ... |
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| GAMMA-RAY SPECTRA OF THE PRODUCTS OF FAST NEUTRON FISSION OF U235 AND U238 AT SELECTED TIMES AFTER FISSION |
13 SEP 1966 |
43 pages |
| Authors:
L. R. Bunney; D. Sam; NAVAL RADIOLOGICAL DEFENSE LAB SAN FRANCISCO CA
|
| Experimental measurements of the gamma-ray pulse height distributions due to the products of fast-neutron-induced fission of U235 and U238 are presented. The measurements were made at nine selected times after fission from 15 minutes to 3 days. Irradiation times and counting intervals were chosen to minimize saturation and decay effects. The experimental data were used to calculate 100 energy bin distributions of the absolute number of photons/ fission-sec. by means ... |
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| A PREDICTION SYSTEM FOR THE NEUTRON-INDUCED ACTIVITY CONTRIBUTION TO FALLOUT EXPOSURE RATES |
12 AUG 1966 |
58 pages |
| Authors:
Thomas H. JONES; NAVAL RADIOLOGICAL DEFENSE LAB SAN FRANCISCO CA
|
| A system was devised to predict the neutron-induced activity contribution to fallout exposure rates. The system uses the simplifying assumptions of (1) a semi-empirical formula to determine the soil capture fraction and (2) thermal neutron cross sections to represent weapon-neutron cross sections. Results, using these assumptions, agree with those of another complete system for predicting the neutron-induced activity contribution to fallout exposure rates. In addition, results from various portions of ... |
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| TRANSMISSIVITY OF THE ATMOSPHERE FOR THERMAL RADIATION FROM NUCLEAR WEAPONS |
12 AUG 1966 |
51 pages |
| Authors:
M. G. Gibbons; NAVAL RADIOLOGICAL DEFENSE LAB SAN FRANCISCO CA
|
| The transmissivity of the atmosphere is estimated for thermal radiation from a nuclear weapon of any given yield and height of burst under various atmospheric conditions. Situations in which the effective source height (for thermal radiation) is less than one-quarter mile, the atmosphere is unclouded and the surface of the earth (or its covering) is of low albedo are considered first. The transmissivity for these situations is given in terms ... |
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| TURBULENCE, TOROIDAL CIRCULATION AND DISPERSION OF FALLOUT PARTICLES FROM THE RISING NUCLEAR CLOUD, |
05 AUG 1966 |
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| Authors:
Ian O. Huebsch; NAVAL RADIOLOGICAL DEFENSE LAB SAN FRANCISCO CA
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| The entraining-parcel model of the rise and expansion of the nuclear cloud is revised to allow for (1) production of turbulent kinetic energy from kinetic energy of rise during the momentum-conserving, inelastic-collision entrainment, so that total kinetic energy is conserved in entrainment. This production of turbulent energy is in addition to that due to eddy viscosity; (2) dissipation of turbulent energy to heat. The resulting nuclear-cloud model is represented as ... |
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| RADIATION-PROTECTION AND RECOVERY FROM RADIATION INJURY IN ENDOTOXIN- TREATED MICE: HEMATOPOIETIC RECOVERY AND SENSITIVITY TO A SECOND RADIATION EXPOSURE |
22 JUL 1966 |
48 pages |
| Authors:
E. John Ainsworth; Kathleen Kendall; F. A. mitchell; Theodore L. phillips; NAVAL RADIOLOGICAL DEFENSE LAB SAN FRANCISCO CA
|
| The radioprotective effects of endotoxins and the relationship between hematopoietic recovery and the rate at which the mouse returns toward a normal radiosensitivity after a conditioning exposure were evaluated. Both Pseudomonas polysaccharide (PP) and Typhoid-Paratyphoid vaccine (TAB) increased survival of irradiated mice, and the protective effect differed in two strains of mice. The protective effects of PP and hypoxia were additive and the composite protection ratio was 1.87. TAB was ... |
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| EXPERIMENTAL AND CALCULATED ESTIMATES OF THE SHIELDING EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPARTMENTED STRUCTURES EXPOSED TO FALLOUT |
19 JUL 1966 |
58 pages |
| Authors:
Bruce W. Shumway; NAVAL RADIOLOGICAL DEFENSE LAB SAN FRANCISCO CA
|
| Exposure reduction factors were measured inside six compartmented steel structures having different wall thicknesses ranging from 1/4 to 1-1/2 in. These were exposed to radiation from fallout of varying age from three to nine days. Calculations based upon the Nelms-Cooper gamma-ray spectrum at H + 1.12 hours were made for selected compartments in each of the structures following procedures given in the Office of Civil Defense Professional Manual, PM-100-1. Comparison ... |
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| COMPARISON OF CESIUM IODIDE AND SODIUM IODIDE FOR UNDERWATER RADIATION DETECTION SYSTEMS |
24 JUN 1966 |
20 pages |
| Authors:
Edward J. Wesley; Richard A. Nyberg; NAVAL RADIOLOGICAL DEFENSE LAB SAN FRANCISCO CA
|
| Comparison is made between NaI and CsI scintillation detectors for application to an ultrasensitive underwater detection system. A series of measurements are reported on the response of each crystal to the gamma rays from 40K distributed in water, the attenuation of the integrated count rate by aluminum and steel absorbers surrounding the detector and the background count rate from contaminants on the crystal-phototube assembly and pressure housings. It is assumed ... |
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| FALLOUT PHENOMENA SYMPOSIUM APRIL 12-14 1966, PROCEEDINGS/PART 1 |
09 JUN 1966 |
518 pages |
| Authors:
Saad Z. Mikhail; NAVAL RADIOLOGICAL DEFENSE LAB SAN FRANCISCO CA
|
| By agreement between the Department of the Navy and the Office of Civil Defense, the U. S. Naval Radiological Defense Laboratory provides technical advisory services for specific areas of the OCD research program. In addition to recommending annual research programs, monitoring and reviewing research progress, and evaluating research proposals, such technical advisory services include efforts to promote the exchange and examination of pertinent information and consequently, includes development of appropriate ... |
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| COLONY-FORMING UNIT REPOPULATION AND SPLIT-DOSE RADIOSENSITIVITY IN ENDOTOXIN TREATED AND CONTROL LAF1 MICE |
23 MAY 1966 |
22 pages |
| Authors:
Gerald E. Hanks; E. John Ainsworth; NAVAL RADIOLOGICAL DEFENSE LAB SAN FRANCISCO CA
|
| Radiosensitivity of an animal, in terms of survival or death following midlethal exposure, is thought to be related to the surviving number of hematopoietic stem cells. After a sublethal exposure to radiation an animal's sensitivity to a subsequent exposure (LD50) might also be expected to be related to the number of stem cells which are present at any given time. In the present experiments with mice, the relationship was studied ... |
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| EXPLOSION PRODUCT REDISTRIBUTION MECHANISMS FOR SCALED MIGRATING UNDERWATER EXPLOSION BUBBLES |
23 MAY 1966 |
147 pages |
| Authors:
John W. Pritchett; NAVAL RADIOLOGICAL DEFENSE LAB SAN FRANCISCO CA
|
| A submerged gold wire was electrically exploded to simulate a very deep underwater nuclear detonation. These small-scale tests were conducted in a test tank in which the air pressure may be varied to obtain various strengths of buoyant bubble migration. The mechanics of explosion bubble formation, pulsation, and migration are discussed, and relevant relationships are derived for scaling large-yield bubble behavior in the laboratory by variation of environmental parameters. The ... |
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| EFFICIENT DETECTION OF LOW LEVELS OF RADIOACTIVITY IN SEAWATER |
20 MAY 1966 |
26 pages |
| Authors:
Authur H. Redmond; NAVAL RADIOLOGICAL DEFENSE LAB SAN FRANCISCO CA
|
| The problem of assaying radioactivity in the sea has been under study with a view to designing an optimum detector for gamma radiation spectra, with suitable statistical accuracy. The responses of a series of crystal detector spheres of radii from 0.1 cm to 15 cm, having unit intrinsic efficiency to gamma rays has been calculated for unit gamma emitter per unit volume. The principal result brought out is the large ... |
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| DEVELOPMENT AND TEST OF A SOD-REMOVAL PROCEDURE FOR MOIST LAWNS CONTAMINATED BY SIMULATED FALLOUT |
11 APR 1966 |
77 pages |
| Authors:
William C. Cobbin; W. L. Owen; NAVAL RADIOLOGICAL DEFENSE LAB SAN FRANCISCO CA
|
| A sod-cutting machine was evaluated for its usefulness in the radiological reclamation of small lawn areas - some of which were confined by sidewalks, trees and buildings. Fallout conditions were simulated by contaminating lawn test areas with radio-traced sand. Nominal particle size ranges of 44-88 microns, 88-177 microns, 177-350 microns and 350-700 microns were used. This fallout simulant was dispersed at nominal concentrations of 25, 50 and 100 g/sq ft, ... |
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| ADSORPTION OF LANTHANUM BY NAVY GRAY PAINTED SURFACES |
28 MAR 1966 |
65 pages |
| Authors:
Robert N. Anderson; Robert M. Railey; NAVAL RADIOLOGICAL DEFENSE LAB SAN FRANCISCO CA
|
| Lanthanum adsorption by Navy gray paint surfaces and by powdered TiO2 (a pigment in paint) was studied as a function of lanthanum concentration, pH, and inert electrolyte concentration and for the paint only as a function of contact time. Lanthanum adsorption was measured by use of the radiotracer La140. The paint was found to readily adsorb lanthanum up to approximately 3 x 10 to the -6th power g/sq cm, while ... |
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| MATHEMATICAL ANALYSES OF FALLOUT REMOVAL FROM SURFACES. |
22 MAR 1966 |
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| Authors:
Laurence J. Minvielle; NAVAL RADIOLOGICAL DEFENSE LAB SAN FRANCISCO CA
|
| Decontamination is the process of removing fallout material from surfaces to reduce the radiation dose that would be received by anyone exposed to the fallout. The removal of such fallout is very similar to cleaning by ordinary methods. These methods include handbroom sweeping, mechanical street sweeping, mechanized vacuum cleaning, and firehosing. Physical models of cleaning processes are described and mathematical formulations are developed that relate the fallout-mass removal to time ... |
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| AERIAL SURVEY OF THE CONTAMINATED OCEAN SURFACE AT OPERATION WIGWAM, WITH DOSE RATE CONTOUR LINES THROUGH D+4 DAYS, |
28 FEB 1966 |
|
| Authors:
W. S. Kehrer; NAVAL RADIOLOGICAL DEFENSE LAB SAN FRANCISCO CA
|
| Aerial survey was utilized to measure the radiation intensities above the contaminated pool at Operation Wigwam. These field data were used to provide a detailed analysis of the radiation field at 3 ft. above the surface through D + 4 days, and to determine the hazard to personnel on board ships traversing the area. |
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| SOLUBILITIES OF KR AND XE IN FRESH AND SEA WATER |
27 FEB 1966 |
20 pages |
| Authors:
David Wood; Roger Caputi; NAVAL RADIOLOGICAL DEFENSE LAB SAN FRANCISCO CA
|
| The PROBLEM: To determine the solubility of krypton and xenon in fresh water and seawater from 0C to 50C degrees. FINDINGS: The results, given in the form of Henry's constant, indicated a smoothly increasing function with temperature for both krypton and xenon. Henry's constant in seawater for both gases was approximately 25 % greater than the corresponding fresh water value. |
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| COMPARISON OF DOSE PATTERNS IN A DOG EXPOSED TO NEUTRONS AND TO X RAYS, |
07 FEB 1966 |
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| Authors:
Catharine L. Wingate; Norbert P. Page; E. John Ainsworth; NAVAL RADIOLOGICAL DEFENSE LAB SAN FRANCISCO CA
|
| Dose distributions with depth in a dog cadaver and in a cylindrical phantom have been obtained for 1 Mvp transmitted X rays and for mixed neutron and gamma radiation from a reactor. The ratio of neutron to gamma dose was 4:1 at the surface of the dog. Measurement of the gamma or X-ray dose was made using LiF thermoluminescence dosimeters, while neutron dose was obtained from the activation of small ... |
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| AN ULTRASTRUCTURAL STUDY OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF RADIATION INJURY IN THE LUNG |
01 FEB 1966 |
23 pages |
| Authors:
Theodore L. phillips; NAVAL RADIOLOGICAL DEFENSE LAB SAN FRANCISCO CA
|
| Radiation doses of 2000 R were given to the left hemithorax of a group of 25 rats. At intervals of from one hour to one year following irradiation sections of the lung were examined with the electron microscope. The initial site of radiation damage appears to lie chiefly in the endothelium. The endothelium is sloughed and the original endothelial space is replaced by collagen and mast cell infiltrates. Some capillaries ... |
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| ENDOTOXIN-PROTECTION OF MICE. THE RELATIONSHIP TO COLONY-FORMING UNITS |
21 DEC 1965 |
44 pages |
| Authors:
Gerald E. Hanks; E. John Ainsworth; NAVAL RADIOLOGICAL DEFENSE LAB SAN FRANCISCO CA
|
| Earlier studies have shown that bacterial endotoxins increase survival of irradiated animals. Although these substances do not confer as much protection as do the classical chemical protectants, endotoxins do significantly increase survival when given either before or for a short time following irradiation. The mechanisms of endotoxin protection have not been clearly established, but earlier studies have shown that hematopoietic stimulation is involved. The present studies were designed to evaluate ... |
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| SUPPRESSION OF DNA SYNTHESIS IN WEANLING RAT KIDNEYS BY SHORT-TERM FASTING, |
14 DEC 1965 |
|
| Authors:
Theodore L. phillips; Louis W. Wachtel; NAVAL RADIOLOGICAL DEFENSE LAB SAN FRANCISCO CA
|
| The effect of restricted food intake on DNA synthesis in the kidney has been measured in weanling rats by means of injections of tritiated thymidine followed by an assessment of the number of labeled nuclei in autoradiographs. A marked decrease in renal thymidine uptake occurs after 16 hours of food deprivation. Even when refeeding was initiated after 20 hours food deprivation, DNA synthesis remained depressed for some 24 hours. Furthermore, ... |
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| DOSE RATE AND SPECTRAL MEASUREMENTS FROM PULSED X-RAY GENERATORS, |
03 DEC 1965 |
29 pages |
| Authors:
Eugene Tochilin; Norman Goldstein; NAVAL RADIOLOGICAL DEFENSE LAB SAN FRANCISCO CA
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| Typical X-ray spectra from high intensity pulsed X-ray sources were determined by means of an equivalent constant voltage accelerator. The photon energy spectrum for the forward X-ray beam was measured with various X-ray target thicknesses at accelerator voltages of 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 Mv. X-ray spectra were also obtained from a reflection X-ray target an angles of 7 deg and 45 deg with respect to the X-ray beam at applied ... |
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| TIME HISTORY OF BIOLOGICAL RESPONSE TO IONIZING RADIATION, |
22 NOV 1965 |
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| Authors:
Endel Laumets; NAVAL RADIOLOGICAL DEFENSE LAB SAN FRANCISCO CA
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| Exposure of personnel to initial ionizing radiation from a nuclear air or surface burst can cause both prompt and delayed casualties. Their percentages and times to incapacitation (or combat ineffectiveness, in a military sense) after exposure can be of major significance in military operations. Although adequate data are lacking for the determination of dose-effect relationships vs time after exposure, quantitative estimates are needed nevertheless for guidance in battlefield predictions and ... |
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| SPECIAL PARTICULATE CHARACTERISTICS; OPERATION ROLLER COASTER |
16 NOV 1965 |
224 pages |
| Authors:
R. K. Fuller; J. D. O'Connor; M. J. Nuckolls; NAVAL RADIOLOGICAL DEFENSE LAB SAN FRANCISCO CA
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| Some physical and chemical properties of fallout resulting from the high-explosive detonations of nuclear weapons containing plutonium were determined. They included: (1) the total mass of fallout collected per unit area; (2) the amount of plutonium and uranium collected per unit area; (3) the mass distribution of plutonium and uranium by particle size; (4) the relationships among mass, plutonium content, and density of fallout samples; and (5) the solubility of ... |
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| QUANTITATIVE RADIOCHEMICAL DETERMINATION OF NICKEL-63 IN SEAWATER |
03 NOV 1965 |
21 pages |
| Authors:
Ming G. Lai; Harry A. Goya; NAVAL RADIOLOGICAL DEFENSE LAB SAN FRANCISCO CA
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| A liquid scintillation method for the quantitative determination of Ni63 in seawater is described. The method consists in complexing the nickel in seawater with dimethylglyoxime, extracting it into chloroform, and then back- extracting the nickel into an aqueous phase using dilute sulfuric acid. An aliquot of this sample is added to a scintillation solvent and counted in a liquid scintillation counter. |
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