| Performance Evaluation of Intelligent Systems at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) |
Mar 2011 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
Craig Schlenoff; Harry Scott; Stephen Balakirsky; NATIONAL INST OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY GAITHERSBURG MD
|
 | The ability to comprehensively evaluate the quantitative and qualitative performance of an intelligent system is critical to accurately predicting how it will perform in various situations. The design of such evaluations is often as much of a research challenge as is the design of the intelligent systems themselves. Over the past decade, the Intelligent Systems Division, a part of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, has been at the ... |
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| Performance Assessments of Two-Way, Free-Form, Speech-to-Speech Translation Systems for Tactical Use |
Mar 2011 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Brian A Weiss; Craig I Schlenoff; NATIONAL INST OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY GAITHERSBURG MD
|
| A critical challenge for military personnel when operating in foreign countries is effective communication with the local population. To address this issue, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) created the Spoken Language Communication and Translation Systems for Tactical Use (TRANSTAC) program. The program's goal is to develop speech-to-speech translation technologies enabling English speakers to quickly communicate with the local population without an interpreter. DARPA has funded the National Institutes ... |
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| Chaotic Transitions in Wall Following Robots |
22 May 2010 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Bullen; Harry W IV; Priya Ranjan; NATIONAL INST OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY GAITHERSBURG MD
|
| In this paper we examine how simple agents similar to Braitenberg vehicles can exhibit chaotic movement patterns. The agents are wall following robots as described by Steve Mesburger and Alfred Hubler in their paper Chaos in Wall Following Robots. These agents uses a simple forward facing distance sensor with a limited field of view (Phi) for navigation. An agent drives forward at a constant velocity and uses the sensor to ... |
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| Software Assurance: Crippling Coming Cyberassaults |
26 Apr 2010 |
30 pages |
| Authors:
Paul E Black; NATIONAL INST OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY GAITHERSBURG MD
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| Development of Domain-Specific Scenarios for Training and Evaluation of Two-Way, Free Form, Spoken Language Translation Devices |
Mar 2010 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
Brian A Weiss; Marnie Menzel; NATIONAL INST OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY GAITHERSBURG MD
|
| To create effective and accurate two-way, free form, spoken language translation devices, the technologies must have appropriate training data. The goal of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency Spoken Language Communication and Translation System for Tactical Use (TRANSTAC) program is to demonstrate capabilities to rapidly develop and field this technology, so speakers of different languages can communicate in real-world tactical situations. A critical component is to generate data sets to ... |
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| Applying the System Component and Operationally Relevant Evaluation (SCORE) Framework to Evaluate Advanced Military Technologies |
Mar 2010 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
Craig Schlenoff; NATIONAL INST OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY GAITHERSBURG MD
|
| The System, Component and Operationally Relevant Evaluation (SCORE) Framework has been developed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology over the past 3 years to provide formative evaluations of advanced military technologies. SCORE is a unified set of criteria and software tools for defining a performance evaluation approach for complex intelligent systems. To date, SCORE has been used to evaluate a wide range of advanced technologies, including soldier-worn sensor ... |
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| Integration of IC Foundries and MEMS Fabrication |
Mar 2009 |
20 pages |
| Authors:
Michael Gaitan; NATIONAL INST OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY GAITHERSBURG MD
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| Enhanced Mass Transport in Ultrarapidly Heated Ni/Si Thin-Film Multilayers |
Jan-2009 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
L P Cook; W F Egelhodd; C B Montgomery; C E Campbell; U R Kattner; I Levin; W Wong-Ng; S Eustis; N Bassim; R E Cavicchi; M D Vaudin; NATIONAL INST OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY GAITHERSBURG MD
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| We investigated multilayer and bilayer Ni/Si thin films by nanodifferential scanning calorimetry nano-DSC at ultrarapid scan rates, in a temperature-time regime not accessible with conventional apparatus. DSC experiments were completed at slower scan rates as well, where it was possible to conduct parallel rapid thermal annealing experiments for comparison. Post experimental characterization was accomplished by x-ray diffraction, and by transmission electron microscopy TEM and energy-filtered TEM of thin cross sections ... |
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| Learning In A Hierarchical Control System: 4D/RCS In The DARPA LAGR Program |
Jan-2009 |
36 pages |
| Authors:
Jim Albus; Roger Bostelman; Tommy Chang; Tsai Hong; Will Shackleford; Michael Schneier; NATIONAL INST OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY GAITHERSBURG MD
|
| The Defense Applied Research Projects Agency (DARPA) Learning Applied to Ground Vehicles (LAGR) program aims to develop algorithms for autonomous vehicle navigation that learn how to operate in complex terrain. Over many years, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has developed a reference model control system architecture called 4D/RCS that has been applied to many kinds of robot control, including autonomous vehicle control. For the LAGR program, NIST ... |
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| Performance Evaluation of a Terrain Traversability Learning Algorithm in the DARPA LAGR Program |
Jan-2009 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Michael Shneier; Will Shackleford; Tsai Hong; Tommy Chang; NATIONAL INST OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY GAITHERSBURG MD
|
| Abstract?The Defense Applied Research Projects Agency (DARPA) Learning Applied to Ground Vehicles (LAGR) program aims to develop algorithms for autonomous vehicle navigation that learn how to operate in complex terrain. For the LAGR program, The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has embedded learning into a control system architecture called 4D/RCS to enable the small robot used in the program to learn to navigate through a range of terrain ... |
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| Investigations of a Coherently Driven Semiconductor Optical Cavity QED System |
30-Sep-2008 |
19 pages |
| Authors:
Kartik Srinivasan; Christopher P Michael; Raviv Perahia; Oskar Painter; NATIONAL INST OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY GAITHERSBURG MD
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| Chip-based cavity quantum electrodynamics QED devices consisting of a self-assembled InAs quantum dot QD coupled to a high quality factor GaAs microdisk cavity are coherently probed through their optical channel using a fiber taper waveguide. We highlight one particularly important aspect of this all-fiber measurement setup, which is the accuracy to which the optical coupling level and optical losses are known relative to typical free-space excitation techniques. This allows for ... |
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| Strategies for Closing the ITRS Funding Gap |
Aug-2008 |
4 pages |
| Authors:
Yaw S Obeng; Stephen Martinez de Knight; Joaquin V Pinillos; NATIONAL INST OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY GAITHERSBURG MD
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| For over 35 years, each generation of integrated circuits (ICs) has doubled the transistor count while cutting the cost per function in half. This progress, described by Moore's Law, has resulted primarily from scaling device dimensions and wafer size. In reality, Moore's Law is not a law -- it is not based on physical principles and is thus not assured of continuation. For each generation, it works only if the ... |
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| The Integration of Molecular Electronic Devices With Traditional CMOS Technologies |
Aug-2008 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
N Gergel-Hackett; A A Hill; C A Hacker; C A Richter; NATIONAL INST OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY GAITHERSBURG MD
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| This work describes the development of hybrid circuits composed of silicon-based molecular electronic devices and traditional CMOS technology. In the development of these circuits, we first fabricated individual CMOS-compatible molecular electronic devices and established their effectiveness. We then designed and used traditional VLSI tools to layout hybrid circuit that includes CMOS for the on-chip characterization of the molecular devices, as well as a platform composed of the contacts and interconnects ... |
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| Correlating Microstructure with Switching Field Distribution in Nanomagnetic Systems with Transmission Electron Microscopy |
Aug-2008 |
3 pages |
| Authors:
June W Lau; NATIONAL INST OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY GAITHERSBURG MD
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| This paper examines how nominally identical nanostructures can exhibit different switching behaviors in two model systems. The first system consists of an array of perpendicularly magnetized Co/Pd multilayer nanodots. The authors found that the nonuniformity in switching fields among the nanodots in an array is due to a single grain of weak uniaxial anisotropy. In the second system, which consists of inplane magnetized Permalloy nanodot arrays, they found that edge ... |
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| Experimental Test of Nonclassicality for a Single Particle |
Aug-2008 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
Alan Migdall; Valentina Schettini; Sergey V Polyakov; Ivo P Degiovanni; Giorgio Brida; Marco Genovese; NATIONAL INST OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY GAITHERSBURG MD
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| In a recent paper a test of nonclassicality for a single qubit was proposed. Here, we discuss the class of hidden variables theories to which this test applies and present an experimental realization. |
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| Spatial Interpolation Algorithm for Error Concealment |
Apr 2008 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
Hamid Gharavi; Shaoshuai Gao; NATIONAL INST OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY GAITHERSBURG MD
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| In this paper, we propose a new spatial interpolation algorithm for Intra-Frame error concealment. The method aims at interpolating areas in the image, which have been affected by packet loss. We have proposed an edge detection technique to aid the bilinear interpolation. The edge-detection scheme is based on designing a robust Hough transform-based technique that is capable of systematically connecting edges irrespective of the number of edge points surrounding missing ... |
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| Experimental Test of Nonlocal Realism Using a Fiber-Based Source of Polarization-Entangled Photon Paris |
25-Mar-2008 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
M D Eisaman; E A Goldschmidt; J Chen; J Fan; A Migdall; NATIONAL INST OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY GAITHERSBURG MD
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| We describe an experimental test of local realistic and nonlocal realistic theories using polarization-entangled two-photon singlet states created using a fiber-based polarization Sagnac interferometer. We show a violation of Bell's inequality in the Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt form by 15 standard deviations, thus excluding local hidden-variable theories, and a violation of a Leggett-type nonlocal hidden-variable inequality by more than three standard deviations, thus excluding a class of nonlocal hidden-variable theories. |
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| High-Speed Quantum Key Distribution Systems for Optical Fiber Networks in Campus and Metro Areas |
Jan-2008 |
16 pages |
| Authors:
Lijun Ma; David Su; Barry Hershman; Anastase Nakassis; Oliver Slattery; Hai Xu; Tiejun Chang; Alan Mink; Xiao Tank; Ronald F Boisvert; NATIONAL INST OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY GAITHERSBURG MD
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| Complete high-speed quantum key distribution (QKD) systems over fiber networks for campus and metro areas have been developed at NIST. The systems include an 850-nm QKD system for a campus network, a 1310-nm QKD system for metro networks, and a 3-user QKD network and network manager. In this paper we describe the key techniques used to implement these systems, including polarization recovery, noise reduction, frequency up-conversion detection based on PPLN ... |
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| Odds of Successful Transfer of Low-level Concepts: A Key Metric for Bidirectional Speech-to-Speech Machine Translation in DARPA's TRANSTAC Program |
Jan 2008 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Gregory A Sanders; Sebastien Bronsart; Sherri Condon; Crsig Schlenoff; NATIONAL INST OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY GAITHERSBURG MD
|
| The Spoken Language Communication and Translation System for Tactical Use (TRANSTAC) program is a Defense Advanced Research Agency (DARPA) program to create bidirectional speech-to-speech machine translation (MT) that will allow U.S. Soldiers and Marines, speaking only English, to communicate, in tactical situations, with civilian populations who speak only other languages (for example, Iraqi Arabic). A key metric for the program is the odds of successfully transferring low-level concepts, defined as ... |
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| Quantum State Tomography of a Fiber-Based Source of Polarization-Entangled Photon Pairs |
20-Dec-2007 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
M D Eisaman; J Fan; A Migdall; NATIONAL INST OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY GAITHERSBURG MD
|
| We report an experimental demonstration of a bright high fidelity single-mode-optical-fiber source of polarization-entangled photon pairs. The source takes advantage of single-mode fiber optics, highly nonlinear microstructure fiber, judicious phase-matching, and the inherent stability provided by a Sagnac interferometer. With a modest average pump power (300 rW), we create all four Bell states with a detected two-photon coincidence rate of 7 kHz per bandwidth of 0.9 nm, in a spectral ... |
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| Bright Phase-Stable Broadband Fiber-Based Source of Polarization-Entangled Photon Pairs |
24-Oct-2007 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
M D Eisaman; J Fan; A Migdall; NATIONAL INST OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY GAITHERSBURG MD
|
| We describe an achromatic, phase-stable, broadband source of polarization-entangled photon pairs with high spectral brightness that uses four-wave mixing in a fiber Sagnac interferometer. We achieved a polarization entangled two-photon coincidence rate of 7 kHz per 0.5 THz (0.9 nm) of bandwidth per 300 microW of average pump power. At this rate, we observed two-photon fringe interference visibilities greater than 97%, over a l0 THz (21 nm) spectral range. We ... |
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| Custom Hardware to Eliminate Bottlenecks in QKD Throughput Performance |
Sep 2007 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Alan Mink; NATIONAL INST OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY GAITHERSBURG MD
|
| The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) high-speed quantum key distribution (QKD) system was designed to include custom hardware to support the generation and management of gigabit data streams. As our photonics improved our software sifting algorithm couldn't keep up with the amount of data generated. To eliminate this problem we implemented the sifting algorithm into our programmable chip (FPGA) hardware, gaining a factor of 50x improvement in the ... |
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| High Accuracy Dual Lens Transmittance Measurements |
01 AUG 2007 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
Jessica Cheung; James L. Gardner; Alan Migdall; Sergey Polyakov; Michael Ware; NATIONAL INST OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY GAITHERSBURG MD
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| We show how to determine the transmittance of short focal length lenses (f 19 mm and f 25 mm, in this case) with a combined uncertainty of 3 parts in 104 or better by measuring transmittances of lens pairs of a set of three or more lenses with the same nominal focal length. Uncertainties are minimized by optimizing the radiometric design of the setup and the measurement procedure. The technique ... |
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| Increased Cross-Correlation in Cascaded Four-Wave Mixing Processes |
11 JUN 2007 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Jingyun Fan; Alan L. Migdall; L. J. Wang; NATIONAL INST OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY GAITHERSBURG MD
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| We report the measurement of increased noise cross-correlation between stokes and anti-stokes beams created in cascaded four-wave mixing processes with dual pump wavelengths. This method may be useful in creating highly correlated twin beams for various applications including quantum information processing. |
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| Quantum Key Distribution with High-Speed Superconducting Single-Photon Detectors |
May 2007 |
3 pages |
| Authors:
Robert H Hadfield; Jonathan L Habif; Lijun Ma; Alan Mink; Xiao Tang; Sae W Nam; NATIONAL INST OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY GAITHERSBURG MD
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| We explore the potential of high-speed nanowire superconducting single-photon detectors for quantum key distribution in fiber, over long distances (at 1550 nanometers) and at high bit rates (at 850 nanometers). |
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| Recursive Motion Estimation of Range Image |
Apr 2007 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
Hamid Gharavi; Shaoshuai Gao; NATIONAL INST OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY GAITHERSBURG MD
|
| In this paper, we present an innovative recursive motion estimation technique that can take advantage of the in-depth resolution range to perform an accurate estimation of objects that have undergone 3-D translational and rotational movements. This approach iteratively aims at minimizing the error between the object in the current frame and its compensated object using estimated motion displacement from the previous range measurements. In addition, in order to use the ... |
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| A Broadband High Spectral Brightness Fiber Based Two-Photon Source |
19 MAR 2007 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Jingyun Fan; Alan L. Migdall; NATIONAL INST OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY GAITHERSBURG MD
|
| After characterizing the Raman scattering in a fused silica polarization-maintaining microstructure optical fiber, we built a fiber-based two-photon light source of high spectral brightness, broad spectral range, and very low noise background at room temperature. The resulting bright low-noise two-photon light can be used for a number of quantum information applications. |
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| Independent Control of Grafting Density and Conformation of Single-Stranded DNA Brushes |
02 JAN 2007 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Aric Opdahl; Dmitri Y. Petrovykh; Hiromi Kimura-Suda; Michael J. Tarlov; Lloyd J. Whitman; NATIONAL INST OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY GAITHERSBURG MD
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| We describe self-assembly of ssDNA brushes that exploits the intrinsic affinity of adenine nucleotides (dA) for gold surfaces. The grafting density and conformation of these brushes is deterministically controlled by the length of the anchoring dA sequences, even in the presence of thymine nucleotides (dT). We produce and characterize brushes of model block-oligonucleotides, d(Tm-An), with systematically varied lengths m and n of the thymine and adenine blocks [denoted d(Tm) and ... |
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| Implementing a Multiplexed System of Detectors for Higher Photon Counting Rates |
01-Jan-2007 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Valentina Schettini; Sergey V Polyakov; Ivo P Degiovanni; Giorgio Brida; Stefania Castelletto; Alan Migdall; NATIONAL INST OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY GAITHERSBURG MD
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| Photon counting applications are typically limited by detector deadtime to operate at count rates of a few MHz, at best, and often at significantly lower levels. This limitation is becoming more critical with the advance of photon counting applications such as photon-based quantum information. We present a first experimental proof of principle and review the theoretical foundation of a multiplexed detection scheme that allows photons to be counted at higher ... |
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| Kinetic Modeling Study of the Laser-Induced Plasma Plume of Cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine (RDX) |
Jan 2007 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
V I Babushok; DeLucia; F C Jr; P J Dagdigian; J L Gottfried; C A Munson; M J Nusca; A W Miziolek; NATIONAL INST OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY GAITHERSBURG MD
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| A kinetic model of a laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) plume of cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine (RDX) was developed for the analysis of processes responsible for the LIBS signature of explosives. Air and argon were considered as buffer gases. The model includes a set of processes involving ion chemistry, as well as excitation, ionization, and other processes affecting neutral and ion species. Modeling results show that the overall reaction process can be considered a ... |
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| High Accuracy Verification of a Correlated-Photon-Based Method for Determining Photon-Counting Detection Efficiency |
2007 |
20 pages |
| Authors:
Sergey V. Polyakov; Alan L. Migdall; NATIONAL INST OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY GAITHERSBURG MD
|
| We have characterized an independent primary standard method to calibrate detection efficiency of photon-counting detectors based on two-photon correlations. We have verified this method and its uncertainty by comparing it to a substitution method using a conventionally calibrated transfer detector tied to a national primary standard detector scale. We obtained a relative standard uncertainty for the correlated-photon method of 0.18 % (k=1) and for the substitution method of 0.17 % ... |
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| Demonstration of an Active Quantum Key Distribution Network |
Aug 2006 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Xiao Tang; Lijun Ma; Alan Mink; Anastase Nakassis; Hai Xu; Barry Hershman; Joshua Bienfang; David Su; Ronald F Boisvert; Charles Clark; Carl Williams; NATIONAL INST OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY GAITHERSBURG MD
|
| We previously demonstrated a high speed, point to point, quantum key distribution (QKD) system with polarization coding over a fiber link, in which the resulting cryptographic keys were used for one-time pad encryption of real time video signals. In this work, we extend the technology to a three-node active QKD network - one Alice and two Bobs. A QKD network allows multiple users to generate and share secure quantum keys. ... |
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| Polarization Recovery and Auto-Compensation in Quantum Key Distribution Network |
Aug 2006 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Lijun Ma; Hai Xu; Xiao Tang; NATIONAL INST OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY GAITHERSBURG MD
|
| A Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) network can allow multi-user communication via secure key. Moreover, by actively switching communication nodes, one can achieve high key transmission rate for the selected nodes. However, the polarization properties of different fiber path are different and these properties also randomly drift over time. Therefore, polarization recovery after the switching and auto-compensation during key transmission are critical for the QKD network. In this work, we use ... |
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| The Decomposition of Surrogate Fuel Molecules During Combustion |
Jun 2006 |
4 pages |
| Authors:
Wing Tsang; Jeffrey A Manion; NATIONAL INST OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY GAITHERSBURG MD
|
| This project is aimed at developing a chemical kinetic database consisting of the rate constants of fundamental single step reactions that describe the pyrolytic decomposition of surrogate fuels molecules. These reactions represent an integral part of any complete combustion kinetics database. They can be competitive with oxidation processes and hence extend the range of current combustion models to richer mixtures. They lead to the unsaturated fragments that are the inputs ... |
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| Has Quantum Cryptography Been Proven Secure |
Apr-2006 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
Tassos Nakassis; J C Bienfang; P Johnson; A Mink; D Rogers; X Tang; C J Williams; NATIONAL INST OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY GAITHERSBURG MD
|
| Quantum cryptography asserts that shared secrets can be established over public channels in such a way that the total information of an eavesdropper can be made arbitrarily small with probability arbitrarily close to 1. As we will show below, the current state of affairs, especially as it pertains to engineering issues, leaves something to be desired. |
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| Experimental Study of High Speed Polarization-Coding Quantum Key Distribution With Sifted-Key Rates Over Mbit/s |
20 Mar 2006 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
Xiao Tang; Lijun Ma; Alan Mink; Anastase Nakassis; Hai Xu; Barry Hershman; Joshua C Bienfang; David Su; Ronald F Boisvert; Charles W Clark; Carl J Williams; NATIONAL INST OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY GAITHERSBURG MD
|
| We present a quantitative study of various limitations on quantum cryptographic systems operating with sifted-key rates over Mbit/s. The dead time of silicon APDs not only limits the sifted-key rate but also causes correlation between the neighboring key bits. In addition to the well known count-rate dependent timing jitter in avalanche photo-diode (APD), the faint laser sources, the vertical cavity surface emission lasers (VCSELs) in our system, also induce a ... |
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| High Speed Quantum Key Distribution System Supports One-Time Pad Encryption of Real-Time Video |
Jan-2006 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Lijun Ma; Charles W Clark; Ron Boisvert; Joshua C Bienfang; Xiao Tang; Tassos Nakassis; David Su; Barry Hershman; Alan Mink; Carl J Williams; NATIONAL INST OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY GAITHERSBURG MD
|
| NIST has developed a high-speed quantum key distribution (QKD) test bed incorporating both free-space and fiber systems. These systems demonstrate a major increase in the attainable rate of QKD systems: over two orders of magnitude faster than other systems. NIST's approach to high-speed QKD is based on a synchronous model with hardware support. Practical one-time pad encryption requires high key generation rates since one bit of key is needed for ... |
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| Quantum Key Distribution System Operating at Sifted-Key Rate Over 4 Mbit/s |
Jan-2006 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Xiao Tang; Charles Clark; Ronald F Boisvert; David Su; Joshua Bienfang; Barry Hershman; Hai Xu; Anastase Nakassis; Alan Mink; Lijun Ma; Carl Williams; NATIONAL INST OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY GAITHERSBURG MD
|
| A complete fiber-based polarization encoding quantum key distribution (QKD) system based on the BB84 protocol has been developed at National Institute of Standard and Technology (NIST). The system can be operated at a sifted key rate of more than 4 Mbit/s over optical fiber of length 1 km and mean photon number 0.1. The quantum channel uses 850 nm photons from attenuated high speed VCSELs and the classical channel uses ... |
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| Evaluation of Human-Robot Interaction Awareness in Search and Rescue |
2006 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Jean Scholtz; Jeff Young; Holly A. Yanco; Jill L. Drury; NATIONAL INST OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY GAITHERSBURG MD
|
| In this paper we report on the analysis of critical incidents during a robot urban search and rescue competition where critical incidents are defined as a situation where the robot could potentially cause damage to itself, the victim, or the environment. We look at the features present in the human-robot interface that contributed to success in different tasks needed in search and rescue and present guidelines for human-robot interaction design. ... |
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| A Model-based Analysis of First-Generation Service Discovery Systems |
Oct 2005 |
120 pages |
| Authors:
Christopher Dabrowski; Kevin L Mills; Stephen Quirolgico; NATIONAL INST OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY GAITHERSBURG MD
|
| Information technology is undergoing a paradigm shift from desktop computing, where isolated workstations connect to shared servers across a network, to pervasive computing, where myriad portable, embedded, and networked information appliances continuously reconfigure themselves individually and collectively to support the information requirements of mobile workers and work teams. This shift will not occur overnight, nor will it be achieved without solving a range of new technical and social problems. Still, ... |
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| Generation of Cross-Polarized Photon Pairs in a Microstructure Fiber With Frequency-Conjugate Laser Pump Pulses |
25 Jul 2005 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
J Fan; A Migdall; NATIONAL INST OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY GAITHERSBURG MD
|
| We propose and experimentally demonstrate the generation of cross-polarized photon pairs via four-wave mixing with cross-polarized frequency-conjugate laser pump pulses. This method can be used for various quantum information applications such as the preparation of Bell states. |
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| High Speed Fiber-Based Quantum Key Distribution using Polarization Encoding |
Jul-2005 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
Xiao Tang; Lijun Ma; Alan Mink; Anastase Nakassis; Barry Hershman; Joshua Bienfang; Ronald F Boisvert; Charles Clark; Carl Williams; NATIONAL INST OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY GAITHERSBURG MD
|
| We have implemented a quantum key distribution (QKD) system with polarization encoding at 850 nm over 1 km of optical fiber. The high-speed management of the bit-stream, generation of random numbers and processing of the sifting algorithm are all handled by a pair of custom data handling circuit boards. As a complete system using a clock rate of 1.25 Gbit/s, it produces sifted keys at a rate of 1.1 Mb/s ... |
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| Performance Comparison of Agile Optical Network Architectures with Static Vs. Dynamic Regenerator Assignment |
Jan-2005 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Kotikalapudi Sriram; David Griffith; Oliver Borchert; Giuseppe DiLorenzo; Richard Su; Nada Golmie; NATIONAL INST OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY GAITHERSBURG MD
|
| Agile all optical cross-connect (OXC) switches currently use an architecture in which regenerators and transceivers have pre-assigned and fixed directionality. However, technology is evolving to enable new OXC architectures in which the directionality of regenerators and transceivers can be dynamically assigned on demand for each connection that requires regeneration. We have performed detailed analytical and simulation studies to compare the two architectures. The analytical study is applicable to a single ... |
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| A Combinatorial Parametric Engineering Model for Solid Freeform Fabrication |
AUG 2004 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Jack C. Boudreaux; NATIONAL INST OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY GAITHERSBURG MD
|
| Fabricated parts are often represented as compact connected smooth 3-manifolds with boundary, where the boundaries consist of compact smooth 2-manifolds. This class of mathematical structures includes topological spaces with enclosed voids and tunnels. Useful information about these structures are coded into level functions (Morse functions) which map points in the 3-manifold onto their height above a fixed plane. By definition, Morse functions are smooth functions, all of whose critical points ... |
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| Autonomous Road Driving Arenas for Performance Evaluation |
Aug 2004 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Chris Scrapper; Stephen Balakirsky; Brian Weiss; NATIONAL INST OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY GAITHERSBURG MD
|
| The development of performance metrics is critical in the evaluation and advancement of intelligent systems. Obtaining the pinnacle of intelligence in autonomous vehicles requires evolutionary standards and community support. In order to analyze and compare competing implementations of intelligent systems, the critical components of the system must be decoupled to facilitate repeatable trials that target specific aspects of the system's overall task. This paper presents a framework for a real ... |
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| PRIDE: A Framework for Performance Evaluation of Intelligent Vehicles in Dynamic, On-Road Environments |
Aug 2004 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Craig Schlenff; Jerome Ajot; Raj Madhaven; NATIONAL INST OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY GAITHERSBURG MD
|
| We are developing a novel framework, PRIDE (PRediction In Dynamic Environments), to perform moving object prediction for unmanned ground vehicles. The underlying concept is based upon a multi-resolutional, hierarchical approach that incorporates multiple prediction algorithms into a single, unifying framework. The lower levels of the framework utilize estimation-theoretic short-term predictions while the upper levels utilize a probabilistic prediction approach based on situation recognition with an underlying cost model. In addition ... |
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| On the Measurement of Two-Photon Single-Mode Coupling Efficiency in Parametric Down-Conversion Photon Sources |
APR 2004 |
19 pages |
| Authors:
S. Castelletto; I. P. Degiovanni; A. Migdall; M. Ware; NATIONAL INST OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY GAITHERSBURG MD
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| Photon-based quantum information schemes have increased the need for light sources that produce individual photons, with many such schemes relying on optical parametric down-conversion (PDC). Practical realizations of this technology require that the PDC light be collected into a single spatial mode defined by an optical fibre. In this paper, we present two possible models to describe single-mode fibres coupling with PDC light fields in a non-collinear con figuration, leading ... |
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| Expeditious Reconciliation for Practical Quantum Key Distribution |
Apr 2004 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Anastase Nakassis; Joshua Bienfang; Carl Williams; NATIONAL INST OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY GAITHERSBURG MD
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| The paper proposes algorithmic and environmental modifications to the extant reconciliation algorithms within the BB84 protocol so as to speed up reconciliation and privacy amplification. These algorithms have been known to be a performance bottleneck 1 and can process data at rates that are six times slower than the quantum channel they serve2. As improvements in single-photon sources and detectors are expected to improve the quantum channel throughput by two ... |
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| Static Vs. Dynamic Regenerator Assignment in Optical Switches: Models and Cost Trade-offs |
Apr 2004 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
Kotikalapudi Sriram; David Griffith; Richard Su; Nada Golmie; NATIONAL INST OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY GAITHERSBURG MD
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| Agile all optical switches (OXC) currently use an architecture in which regenerators and transceivers have preassigned fixed directionality. However, technology is evolving to enable new OXC architectures in which the directionality of regenerators and transceivers can be dynamically assigned on demand. In this paper, we quantify the performance and cost benefits of regenerators and transceivers with dynamically assignable directionality. We show that fewer regenerators and transceivers need to be used ... |
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| Quantum Key Distribution With 1.25 Gbps Clock Synchronization |
Jan-2004 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
J C Bienfang; E W Hagley; D H Su; R Lu; A Nakassis; B J Hershman; A J Gross; Carl J Williams; Charles W Clark; X Tang; A Mink; Jesse Wen; NATIONAL INST OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY GAITHERSBURG MD
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| We have demonstrated the exchange of sifted quantum cryptographic key over a 730 meter free-space link at rates of up to 1.0 Mbps, two orders of magnitude faster than previously reported results. A classical channel at 1550 nm operates in parallel with a quantum channel at 845 nm. Clock recovery techniques on the classical channel at 1.25 Gbps enable quantum transmission at up to the clock rate. System performance is ... |
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