| Hybrid Techniques for Optimizing Complex Systems |
Dec-2009 |
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| Authors:
John P Hayes; Igor L Markov; MICHIGAN UNIV ANN ARBOR
|
 | This is the final technical report for a three year research project on Hybrid Techniques for Optimizing Complex Systems conducted at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor and sponsored by the Air Force Research Laboratory. The project's overall goal was to investigate novel hybrid techniques that combine concepts from quantum and classical computer science to solve hard computational problems, including the handling of uncertainty. The research problems considered include design ... |
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| Mechanistic Investigations of Branched Macromolecules and Metal Nanocomposites for Nonlinear Optical Applications |
26-Sep-2009 |
29 pages |
| Authors:
Goodson; Theodore III; MICHIGAN UNIV ANN ARBOR
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 | Support from the Army Research Office (ARO) has provided the opportunity for studies encompassing a combined effort consisting of different experimental and synthetic methods to produce novel nonlinear optical (NLO) materials with enhanced properties. This included the development of new synthetic branched organic macromolecules with different central core groups such as benzene, nitrogen, phosphorous, carbon as well as adamantine. These investigations gave the opportunity to probe the importance of the ... |
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| Dissecting the Molecular Mechanism of RhoC GTPase Expression in the Normal and Malignant Breast |
Sep 2009 |
49 pages |
| Authors:
John Brenner; MICHIGAN UNIV ANN ARBOR
|
| Primary inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) accounts for approximately 3% of new breast cancers in the US. This form of locally advanced breast cancer is characterized clinically by erythema, warmth, and dimpling of the skin that arise rapidly. In fact, IBC is not associated with precursor lesions, but is rapidly invasive, highly angiogenic and metastatic from onset. IBC has previously been characterized by the Merajver lab to have increased RhoC expression ... |
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| Regularized Reconstruction of Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MR Images for Evaluation of Breast Lesions |
Sep 2009 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
Kimberly A Khalsa; MICHIGAN UNIV ANN ARBOR
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| The overall goal of this project is to develop, implement, and evaluate methods for improving image quality in dynamic MR imaging. We focus specifically on dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) imaging of breast cancer patients. We explore reconstruction methods that use explicit temporal models in object space. Simulation and phantom studies have indicated that our algorithms produce quality reconstructed image sequences that exhibit both high spatial and high temporal resolution. |
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| Mechanisms of Aging of Phosphylated Serine Hydrolases |
25-Aug-2009 |
16 pages |
| Authors:
Rudy J Richardson; Sanjeeva J Wijeyesakere; MICHIGAN UNIV ANN ARBOR
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| The overall goal was to study mechanisms of aging of serine esterases inhibited by organophosphorus compounds capable of producing acute and delayed neurotoxicity. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and neuropathy target esterase catalytic domain (NEST) were reacted with diisopropylphosphorofluoridate (DFP) and N,N'-diisopropylphosphorodiamidofluoridate (mipafox, MlP). Bimolecular rate constants of inhibition and first-order rate constants of aging were determined colorimetrically. Phosphyl adducts of inhibited and aged. |
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| Humanized Androgen Receptor Mice: A Genetic Model for Differential Response to Prostate Cancer Therapy |
Jul-2009 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
Diane M Robins; MICHIGAN UNIV ANN ARBOR
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| In mice in which human androgen receptor (AR) replaces the endogenous murine gene, variation in the length of a polymorphic N-terminal polyglutamine tract affects initiation, progression and therapy response prostate tumors. This provides a genetic paradigm in which to dissect AR functions that determine response to therapy. We are studying the role of the AR Q tract in ligand-independent AR activation in vitro and in a mouse model with prostate ... |
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| Characterization of SPINK1 in Prostate Cancer |
Jul 2009 |
20 pages |
| Authors:
Arul M Chinnaiyan; Bushra Ateeq; MICHIGAN UNIV ANN ARBOR
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| We have used the outlier meta-analysis approach (meta-COPA) to identify SPINK1 outlier expression exclusively in a subset of ETS rearrangement-negative prostate cancers (10% of total prostate cancer cases). We have demonstrated SPINK1 expression is mutually exclusive to ETS fusion status, and SPINK1 has outlier expression in those cases. We investigated the functional role for SPINK1 in ETSfusion negative prostate cancer by generating lentiviruses expressing SPINK1 and infected the benign immortalized ... |
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| Development of a Computer-aided Diagnosis System for Early Detection of Masses Using Retrospectively Detected Cancers on Prior Mammograms |
Jun-2009 |
128 pages |
| Authors:
Jun Wei; Wendy M Kohrt; L M Glode; Robert S Schwartz; Daniel W Barry; MICHIGAN UNIV ANN ARBOR
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| The performance of a CAD system for subtle lesions is generally much lower than their performance for less subtle lesions. The goal of this project is to develop a CAD system using advanced computer vision techniques aiming at improved detection of retrospectively seen cancers on prior mammograms and incorporate the developed CAD system into our current CAD system. During the project years, we have performed the following tasks: (1) collect ... |
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| Contact Versus Noncontact Cell Electroporation |
28-May-2009 |
14 pages |
| Authors:
David French; Michael Uhler; R M Gilgenbach; Y Y Lau; MICHIGAN UNIV ANN ARBOR
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| In this research, experiments and simulations were performed to determine the effects of capacitive VS conductive coupling for the electroporation of cells. The experiment is performed with a fast risetime pulser to expose samples of cells to electric fields at peak voltage of 24.4 kV, 0.6 ns risetime, and 1.6 ns FWHM. Experiments performed compare the direct-conductive connection of the cell suspension versus a capacitively coupled cell suspension. The main ... |
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| Pharmacological Studies of NOP Receptor Agonists as Novel Analgesics |
May-2009 |
36 pages |
| Authors:
Mei-Chuan Ko; MICHIGAN UNIV ANN ARBOR
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| The studies proposed in this project will test the hypotheses that in the non-human primate (1) the functions and behavioral effects of the NOP receptor are independent of classical opioid receptors, (2) activation of the NOP receptor produces strong antinociception without abuse liability, and (3) NOP receptor agonists possess a promising therapeutic profile as analgesics compared to mu opioids following repeated administration in primates. Several key findings have been obtained ... |
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| Role of X-linked Inhibitor of Apoptosis in Breast Cancer |
Apr-2009 |
32 pages |
| Authors:
Karolyn Oetjen; MICHIGAN UNIV ANN ARBOR
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| XIAP has been identified as a potential target for breast cancer therapeutics, but the specific functions of XIAP that contribute to breast cancer development or progression remain unknown. The major tasks for this phase of this project involved evaluating breast cancer cell lines depleted in XIAP expression in tumor growth models in vivo and anchorage-independent growth models in vitro. Surprisingly, XIAP did not affect cancer cell growth in these models, ... |
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| CD24 as a Potential Therapeutic Target in Prostate Cancer |
Apr-2009 |
28 pages |
| Authors:
Pan Zheng; MICHIGAN UNIV ANN ARBOR
|
| This is the first annual report on the grant CD24 as a Potential Therapeutic Target in Prostate Cancer. CD24 (heat-stable antigen) is a cell surface GPI-anchored mucin-like glycoprotein with broad expression on a variety of cell types, including hematopoietic cells, neuronal cells and various epithelial cells. There are accumulating evidence showing CD24 plays an important role in tumor development and tumor metastasis. We hypothesized that the expression of CD24 on ... |
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| Spectroscopic Photoacoustic Tomography of Prostate Cancer |
Mar-2009 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Xueding Wang; MICHIGAN UNIV ANN ARBOR
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| Major research accomplishment during the first year of this research project includes 1) fabrication of a fast speed noninvasive PAT prostate imaging system by using a stand-alone commercial ultrasound system; 2) testing the performance of this imaging system through the experiments on phantoms and ex vivo canine prostates; and 3) fabrication and optimization of a specially designed PVDF array transducer for high sensitive broad bandwidth detection of photoacoustic signals. |
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| Integrating Uncertainty Analysis in the Risk Characterization of In-Place Remedial Strategies for Contaminated Sediments |
Mar 2009 |
269 pages |
| Authors:
Peter Adriaens; Steven J Wright; Cyndee L Gruden; John Wolfe; Todd Redder; Noemi Barabas; Joseph DePinto; MICHIGAN UNIV ANN ARBOR
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| The overarching goal of this work was to characterize and bound the uncertainties associated with the impact of sediment processes (with focus on ebullition and advection) on the long-term performance of in situ capping strategies. The approach was a combination of experimental work and modeling to enable evaluation of the impact of ebullition and advection on both sediment bed stability and contaminant fluxes (here: PAH) from the sediment. The experiments ... |
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| An Automated Process for Generation of New Fuel Breakdown Mechanisms |
28-Feb-2009 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
Angela Violi; MICHIGAN UNIV ANN ARBOR
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| The work performed by our research group over the last years aimed to develop an integrated and innovative computational approach for predicting reaction mechanisms for JP8 surrogate components. The modeling effort has integrated various computational tools to build chemical kinetic pathways, starting from the structure of the proposed fuel components and ending with a list of reactions pathways, rate constants, thermodynamic and transport data. Studies were conducted in several research ... |
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| Ablation and Plasma Formation During Directed Energy Testing |
31-Dec-2008 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Iain D Boyd; MICHIGAN UNIV ANN ARBOR
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| Continuous radio-wave telemetry is required during planned tests of directed-energy weapons systems in order to characterize in situ the effects of laser irradiation on different target materials. Unfortunately, the incident radiation can cause disruption of the radio signal during the directed-energy testing. Several phenomena associated with directed-energy impact can lead to communication path losses, such as ablation, charged particle emission, charring, and chemical changes in the target materials. Directed-energy impact ... |
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| Low-Profile Vertically Polarized Omnidirectional Antennas for Ground Sensor Networks |
Dec-2008 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Kamal Sarabandi; Wonbin Hong; MICHIGAN UNIV ANN ARBOR
|
| This paper presents for the first time low-profile, electrically small antenna with omnidirectional vertically polarized radiation similar to a short monopole antenna. Planar antennas capable of producing vertical polarization have long been sought for many military applications. The paper discusses two distinct and novel techniques that are facilitated to devise antennas that are small as 0.01 lamba in vertical height and perfectly matched to a 50 ohm source without the ... |
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| Molecular Modulation of Inhibitors of Apoptosis as a Novel Approach for Radiosensitization of Human Prostate Cancer |
Nov-2008 |
74 pages |
| Authors:
Liang Xu; MICHIGAN UNIV ANN ARBOR
|
| The major goal of the project is to investigate the radiosensitization activity and mechanism of action of novel IAP-inhibitors in prostate cancer. In the third year of the project, we have investigated the in vivo radiosensitization activity of our lead IAPinhibitors, SH-130 and Embelin, and mechanism of action in human prostate cancer xenograft model. IAP-inhibitors potently enhanced radiation-induced tumor growth inhibition, together with increased induction of apoptosis. In nude mouse ... |
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| CXCL5 is a Novel Mediator of Prostate Cancer Proliferation and Migration/Invasion |
01-Jun-2008 |
19 pages |
| Authors:
Jill A Macoska; MICHIGAN UNIV ANN ARBOR
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| The primary concept driving this proposal is that CXCL5 may provide a link between aging and the development of malignant proliferative prostatic disease, and may act as a previously unrecognized growth factor that promotes prostate cancer cell proliferation and migration/invasion. The major findings of these studies are that CXCL5 protein expression levels are significantly elevated in primary and metastatic prostate tumors, that CXCL5 induces prostate cancer cell proliferation, migration and ... |
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| Discontinuous Galerkin for Diffusion |
21-May-2008 |
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| Authors:
van; Bram Leer; MICHIGAN UNIV ANN ARBOR
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| The funded period of this project ran out on 30 November 2007; a no-cost extension of 3 months was requested by the PI for medical reasons, and was granted. In the second year the effort addressed the following issues: (1) making the Recovery-based Discontinuous Galerkin method (RDG) suitable for multidimensional applications, (2) increasing its efficiency by constructing the recovery basis once as pre-processing step for an entire calculation, (3) the ... |
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| Pharmacological Studies of NOP Receptor Agonists as Novel Analgesics |
01-May-2008 |
20 pages |
| Authors:
Mei-Chuan Ko; MICHIGAN UNIV ANN ARBOR
|
| These experiments demonstrated that (1) intrathecal N/OFQ did not produced hyperalgesia-like effects as reported in rodents, (2) systemic Ro 64-6198 produced antinociceptive effects that are independent from mu opioid receptors, and (3) activation of NOP receptors produced antinociception without reinforcing/abuse liability in monkeys. Ro 64-6198 has only been studied in rodent species. This is the first functional study to investigate the behavioral effects of Ro 64-6198 in primates. More importantly, ... |
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| Regulation of the mTOR Pathway by a Novel Rheb Binding Protein BNIP3 |
01-May-2008 |
19 pages |
| Authors:
Kun-Liang Guan; MICHIGAN UNIV ANN ARBOR
|
| Uncontrolled mTOR activation is a major contributing factor to the pathogenesis of TSC. mTOR is known to be regulated by a wide range of signals such hypoxia. The major goal of this project is to determine mTOR regulation by hypoxia. We proposed to focus on BNIP3 which is a Rheb interacting protein in mTOR regulation in response to hypoxia. Our goals outlined in the original proposal have been successfully completed. ... |
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| WebBee: A Platform for Secure Coordination and Communication in Crisis Scenarios |
16-Apr-2008 |
16 pages |
| Authors:
Sugih Jamin; Jignesh Patel; Morley Mao; Sarit Mukherjee; Liming Wang; MICHIGAN UNIV ANN ARBOR
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| Recently, disaster scenarios and terrorist attacks have made apparent some fundamental shortcomings in first responders' conventional coordination infrastructures. For example, unsatisfactory device connectivity, and security vulnerabilities made manifest by devices' inherently mobile nature, have the potential to seriously compromise first responders' effectiveness. To address these shortcomings, we designed and built Webbee, our secure coordination and communication infrastructure. In this article, we will take a high-level look at Webbee's architecture, and ... |
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| Characterize RAP80, a Potential Tumor Suppressor Gene |
01-Apr-2008 |
18 pages |
| Authors:
Xiaochun Yu; MICHIGAN UNIV ANN ARBOR
|
| To examine the molecular mechanism by which BRCA1 participates in breast tumor suppression we have identified that RAP8O is a BRCA1-associated protein by protein affinity purification. Here we show the evidence that RAP8O controls BRCA1's relocation to DNA damage sites and regulates BRCA1-dependent DNA damage checkpoint function. In addition we have identified a truncation mutation of RAP8O in an ovarian cancer cell line. Thus our results indicate that RAP8O is ... |
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| Significance of Pathways Leading to RhoC Overexpression in Breast Cancer |
Apr-2008 |
20 pages |
| Authors:
Sofia Merajver; Stephen Gruber; Sharon H Alford; MICHIGAN UNIV ANN ARBOR
|
| Tumor biology is a recognized determinant of tumor behavior, including growth rate, motility and metastatic potential, and therapeutic resistance. This project was funded to investigate the regulation and expression of an excellent marker for aggressive breast tumors: RhoC-GTPase. When overactive, RhoC transforms mammary epithelial cells into a highly motile and invasive phenotype. We hypothesize that RhoC overexpression may be regulated by the transcription factor NF-kappa B and that at the ... |
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| CHD8, A Novel Beta-Catenin Associated Chromatin Remodeling Enzyme, Regulates Androgen Receptor Mediated Gene Transcription |
01-Mar-2008 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Daniel A Bochar; MICHIGAN UNIV ANN ARBOR
|
| The activity of the androgen receptor (AR) is critical for normal prostate development and function, but AR activity also plays a major role in the development and progression of prostate cancer. To better understand the function of beta-catenin in AR mediated transcription, we have identified a novel chromatin remodeling enzyme, CHD8, that can associate with beta-catenin and functions in AR mediated gene transcription. Year 1 was focused on the first ... |
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| Decreased Expression of the Early Mitotic Gene, CHFR, Contributes to the Acquisition of Breast Cancer Phenotypes |
01-Mar-2008 |
61 pages |
| Authors:
Lisa M Privette; MICHIGAN UNIV ANN ARBOR
|
| CHFR is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that reportedly delays mitosis in response to microtubule-targeting drugs (i.e. nocodazole and taxanes). Loss of CHFR mRNA expression has been reported in many cancers, including breast cancer, but the relevance of this to tumorigenesis remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine if CHFR was biologically relevant to breast cancer characteristics, progression, and genomic stability. As previously reported, nearly 40% of breast ... |
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| Decreased Expression of the Early Mitotic Gene, CHFR, Contributes to the Acquisition of Breast Cancer Phenotypes |
MAR 2008 |
61 pages |
| Authors:
Lisa M. Privette; MICHIGAN UNIV ANN ARBOR
|
| CHFR is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that reportedly delays mitosis in response to microtubule-targeting drugs (i.e. nocodazole and taxanes). Loss of CHFR mRNA expression has been reported in many cancers, including breast cancer, but the relevance of this to tumorigenesis remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine if CHFR was biologically relevant to breast cancer characteristics, progression, and genomic stability. As previously reported, nearly 40% of breast ... |
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| Role of ADAM15 in Tumor/Endothelial Interactions Prostate Cancer Regression |
Mar-2008 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
Mark L Day; MICHIGAN UNIV ANN ARBOR
|
| The primary purpose of this proposal was to demonstrate that the membrane disintegrin, ADAM-15 mediates the interaction (binding) between prostate tumor cells and vascular endothelium and that in this regard ADAM-15 would support the metastatic spread of human prostate cancer. The successful completion of one of the earliest aspects of this proposal has given substance to the hypothesis and confidence as we move ahead with more functional analysis of this ... |
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| The Role of ADAM-15 Disintegrin in E-cadherin Proteolysis in Prostate Cancer Metastasis |
Feb-2008 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Mark L Day; MICHIGAN UNIV ANN ARBOR
|
| The primary goal of this proposal was to demonstrate that the membrane disintegrin, ADAM-15, could E-cadherin in prostate cancer cells, and that in this regard ADAM-15 would promote the metastatic growth of prostate cancer. The successful completion of this study has led to the confirmation of the functional role of ADAM15 in the cleavage of E-cadherin and metastatic growth of prostate cancer cells. These results justify continuing studies examining the ... |
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| Nonequilibrium Hypersonic Aerothermodynamics Using the Direct Simulation Monte Carlo And Navier-Stokes Models |
17-Jan-2008 |
262 pages |
| Authors:
Andrew J Lofthouse; MICHIGAN UNIV ANN ARBOR
|
| Hypersonic flight vehicles are a current topic of interest in both civilian and military research. NASA is currently designing a Crew Transport Vehicle (CTV) [44, 69] and Crew Exploration Vehicle (CEV) [32] to replace the space shuttle; reentry vehicles are, by definition, hypersonic vehicles. Military requirements for reconnaissance and surveillance, as well as the mission of the United States Air Force to rapidly project power globally makes the design of ... |
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| Preclinical Testing the Therapeutic Potential of a Potent and Novel Small-molecule Inhibitor of Bc1-2 as a Novel Therapy for Hormone-refractory Prostate Cancer |
01-Dec-2007 |
14 pages |
| Authors:
Shaomeng Wang; MICHIGAN UNIV ANN ARBOR
|
| Targeting the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 members using non-peptide, small-molecule inhibitors is a new and exciting therapeutic strategy. Our work has led to the discovery of potent, non-peptide small-molecule inhibitor apogossypolone that not only binds to Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL proteins but also Mcl-1. Consistent with its strong binding affinity to Bcl-2 members, apogossypolone potently and effectively inhibits cancer cell growth in androgen-independent human prostate cancer PC-3 and DU-145 cell lines. Apogossypolone is ... |
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| Role of Human Polyomavirus Bkv in Prostate Cancer |
DEC 2007 |
60 pages |
| Authors:
Dweepanita Das; Michael J. Imperiale; MICHIGAN UNIV ANN ARBOR
|
| Prostate cancer has been predicted to cause nearly 10% of male cancer deaths in US in 2007. The frequency of mutations in the tumor suppressor genes (pRb and p53) is rare in prostate cancer. This has led to the possibility that a human virus like BK virus (BKV), which establishes a lifelong, subclinical persistent infection in the urinary tract and encodes oncoproteins (large T antigen, TAg; small T antigen, tAg), ... |
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| Differential Mechanisms of Androgen Resistance |
DEC 2007 |
41 pages |
| Authors:
Orla A. O'Mahony; MICHIGAN UNIV ANN ARBOR
|
| We proposed to study the mechanisms of androgen resistance by focusing on androgen receptor mutations that may arise due to selective pressures of antiandrogen treatment. We have utilized xenograft models and a humanized mouse model (h/mAR xTRAMP) of prostate cancer. Novel AR mutations were found throughout the entire coding region of AR although they did not segregate into distinct regions based on hormonal treatment as was previously reported. Functional analysis ... |
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| Molecular Modulation of Inhibitors of Apoptosis as a Novel Approach for Radiosensitization of Human Prostate Cancer |
NOV 2007 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
Liang Xu; MICHIGAN UNIV ANN ARBOR
|
| The major goal of the project is to investigate the radiosensitizationactivity and mechanism of action of novel IAP-inhibitors in prostate cancer. In the second year of the project, we have investigated the in vivo radiosensitization activity of our lead IAPinhibitors, SH-130 and Embelin, in human prostate cancer cell xenograft model. IAP-inhibitorspotently enhanced radiationinduced tumor growth inhibition. In nude mouse xenograft models, IAP-inhibitors Embelin and SH-130 potently sensitized the DU-145 tumors ... |
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| Mechanisms in Chronic Multisympton Illnesses |
01-Oct-2007 |
212 pages |
| Authors:
Daniel J Clauw; MICHIGAN UNIV ANN ARBOR
|
| The overall objective of this cooperative agreement are to conduct research in pursuit of identifying the physiologic mechanisms responsible for the symptoms of pain, fatigue, and memory difficulties commonly seen in patients with Chronic Multisymptom Illnesses (CMI) (i.e., fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue syndrome, Gulf War Illnesses, etc.); to identify the risk factors for developing these syndromes as well as programs aimed at both preventing theses illnesses and treating established cases. These ... |
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| Nitric Oxide Generating Polymeric Coatings for Subcutaneous Glucose Sensors |
OCT 2007 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Mark E. Meyerhoff; MICHIGAN UNIV ANN ARBOR
|
| Heretofore efforts to develop implantable sensors for real-time clinical monitoring of glucose subcutaneously (SQ) in diabetic patients have been hindered by the unreliable analytical results owing largely to biocompatibility problems induced by sensor implantation (e.g. inflammatory/foreign body response). The goal of this research program is to explore and optimize the chemistries required to fabricate implantable amperometric glucose sensors with outer polymeric coatings that slowly generate low levels of nitric oxide ... |
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| The Development of Therapeutic and Diagnostic Countermeasures to WMD by the Advanced Medical Countermeasures Consortium |
01-Sep-2007 |
331 pages |
| Authors:
Milton G Smith; Peter A Ward; MICHIGAN UNIV ANN ARBOR
|
| Acute lung injury in rats following airway delivery of CEES is associated with loss of distal lung barrier function (resulting in alveolar flooring) and an intense inflammatory response, which is lung-damaging. These acute lung injury parameters are attenuated by neutrophil depletion or complement blockade. Injuring the redox balance in lung after exposure to CEES by administration into lung of liposomes containing antioxidant compounds is highly protective even when delivery of ... |
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| Tumor-Targeted Silencing of Bcl-2/Bcl-xl by Self-Assembled Sirna-Nanovectors as a Novel Molecular Therapy for Breast Cancer |
AUG 2007 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
Liang Xu; MICHIGAN UNIV ANN ARBOR
|
| The major goal of this Concept Award project is to explore the anti-Her-2 antibody as targeting ligand to establish the self-assembled nanovectors for targeted siRNA delivery to Her-2(+) breast cancer. Our hypothesis is (1) anti-Her-2 antibody will specifically target nanovectors to Her-2(+) breast cancer and thus efficiently deliver siRNA to the target cells; (2) siRNA-nanovectors will potently silence the Bcl-2/Bcl-xL gene expression induce apoptosis in human breast cancer cells that ... |
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| Computer-Aided Interval Change Analysis of Microcalcifications on Mammograms for Breast Cancer Detection |
01-Jul-2007 |
|
| Authors:
Lubomir Hadjiiski; MICHIGAN UNIV ANN ARBOR
|
| The goal of this project is to develop a computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system for automatic interval change analysis of microcalcification clusters on mammograms. Based on our regional registration method and a search program cluster candidates were detected within the local area on the prior. The cluster on the current image is then paired with the candidates to form true (TP-TP) or false (TP-FP) pairs and a correspondence classifier is designed ... |
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| Comprehensive Solar-Terrestrial Environment Model (COSTEM) for Space Weather Predictions |
JUL 2007 |
33 pages |
| Authors:
Tamas I. Gombosi; MICHIGAN UNIV ANN ARBOR
|
| Our team proposed the development of a modular, adaptive, parallel software framework for modeling the Sun-Earth system. The goal of the project was the development of a large-scale model of the solar-terrestrial environment allowing a fuller understanding of space weather and a framework to test theories and investigate the broad implications of new observations. Particular attention was to be devoted to CME formation, propagation, and interaction with the magnetosphere; SEP ... |
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| Development of a Computer-Aided Diagnosis System for Early Detection of Masses Using Retrospectively Detected Cancers on Prior Mammograms |
01 JUN 2007 |
85 pages |
| Authors:
Jun Wei; MICHIGAN UNIV ANN ARBOR
|
| The goal of this project is to develop a computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system for mass detection using advanced computer vision techniques that will be trained with retrospectively detected cancers on prior mammograms. The new CAD system will be combined with our existing CAD system. When fully developed, the new dual CAD system should increase the sensitivity of detecting cancers at the early stage without compromising the sensitivity for other cancers. ... |
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| Genetic and Hormonal Risk Factors for Prostate Cancer in African-American Men |
01 MAY 2007 |
33 pages |
| Authors:
Aruna V. Sarma; MICHIGAN UNIV ANN ARBOR
|
| African American men are at greater risk for developing and dying from prostate cancer compared to white men. This disparity is likely due to a number of factors including environmental and genetic factors. The Flint Men's Health Study (FMHS) was established in 1995 as a population-based case-control study of African American men aged 40-79 residing in Genesee County, Michigan. The initial sample consisted of 730 men who completed an in-home ... |
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| Chemo Resistance of Breast Cancer Stem Cells |
01 MAY 2007 |
79 pages |
| Authors:
Max S. Wicha; MICHIGAN UNIV ANN ARBOR
|
| There is increasing evidence that breast cancers are driven by a small subcomponent that displays stem cell properties. We hypothesize that these breast cancer stem cells are resistant to chemotherapy and may contribute to tumor relapse. In order to provide evidence for this, we determined the effect of chemotherapeutic agents on breast cancer stem cell populations in primary mouse xenografts. Tumor regression induced by these chemotherapeutic agents is accompanied by ... |
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| Detection of Metastatic Potential in Breast Cancer by RhoC-GTPase and WISP3 Proteins |
MAY 2007 |
58 pages |
| Authors:
Celina G. Kleer; MICHIGAN UNIV ANN ARBOR
|
| Breast cancer is the most common type of life-threatening cancer, and the second most common cause of cancer related deaths of women in the United States. Even though the larger the primary tumor, the greater the likelihood of metastases, this is not always the case. There are many small breast cancers with a highly aggressive and metastatic behavior and discouraging outcome that remain under treated because there is no marker ... |
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| Function of p53 in Regulation of TSC Mutant Cell Apoptosis |
MAY 2007 |
21 pages |
| Authors:
Hun-Liang Guan; MICHIGAN UNIV ANN ARBOR
|
| TSC1 and TSC2 are tumor suppressor genes that are mutated in tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). Mutation in either TSC1 or TSC2 results in a constitutively activation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) therefore promoting cell growth. mTOR activity is regulated by intracellular signals including growth factors and cellular energy level. Energy starvation such as glucose deprivation inhibits mTOR activity via the activation of TSC2. We have observed that TSC cells ... |
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| Development of a Smart Diagnostics Platform for Early-Stage Screening of Breast Cancer |
01 APR 2007 |
28 pages |
| Authors:
Joerg Lahann; MICHIGAN UNIV ANN ARBOR
|
| The proposed research aims to develop innovative technology that could ultimately lead to new breast cancer screening tests ones, which will not require expensive equipment for read-out, but rather will be compatible with miniaturized systems integrated in cheap handheld devices. Towards this goal, we have designed and realized in practice a surface that can act as detection unit. This opens the door for further work that will be geared towards ... |
|
| Significance of Pathways Leading to RhoC Overexpression in Breast Cancer |
01-Apr-2007 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
Sofia Merajver; Stephen Gruber; Sharon H Alford; MICHIGAN UNIV ANN ARBOR
|
| Tumor biology is a recognized determinant of tumor behavior, including growth rate, motility and metastatic potential, and therapeutic resistance. This project was funded to investigate the regulation and expression of an excellent marker for aggressive breast tumors: RhoC-GTPase. When overactive, RhoC transforms mammary epithelial cells into a highly motile and invasive phenotype. We hypothesize that RhoC overexpression may be regulated by the transcription factor NF-kappa B and that at the ... |
|
| Development of a Smart Diagnostics Platform for Early-Stage Screening of Breast Cancer |
01-Apr-2007 |
58 pages |
| Authors:
Joerg Lahann; MICHIGAN UNIV ANN ARBOR
|
| The proposed research aims to develop innovative technology that could ultimately lead to new breast cancer screening tests ? ones, which will not require expensive equipment for read-out, but rather will be compatible with miniaturized systems integrated in cheap handheld devices. Towards this goal, we have designed and realized in practice a surface that can act as detection unit. This opens the door for further work that will be geared ... |
|
| Tissue Microarray Assessment of Novel Prostate Cancer Biomarkers AMACR and EZH2 and Immunologic Response to Them in African-American and Caucasian Men |
APR 2007 |
39 pages |
| Authors:
Rohit Mehra; MICHIGAN UNIV ANN ARBOR
|
| Prostate cancer is characterized by complex molecular events influenced by diverse genetic and environmental factors. The objective of the present study was to compare the expression of AMACR and EZH2 in African-American patients and Caucasian patients with prostate cancer. We constructed 5 tissue microarrays representing 40 African-American and 159 Caucasian prostate cancer patients and performed immunohistochemistry on these arrays using antibody to AMACR and EZH2. Protein expression was scored on ... |
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Reports by Corporate Author
