| Biotechnology for Near Real-Time Predictive Toxicology for Warfighter Protection |
AUG 2006 |
24 pages |
| Authors:
Nicholas DelRaso; Richard R. Stotts; John J. Schlager; Mark P. Westrick; Victor Chan; Nicholas V. Reo; MANTECH ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY INC DAYTON OH
|
 | An increasingly important issue in force protection is the toxicology associated with toxic chemical and mixture exposure at uncharacterized deployed sites. Current methods for determining or monitoring toxic exposures to the warfighter in their working or living environment are not adequate to prevent serious health effects. Deployed personnel may be exposed to toxic chemicals as a result of industrial accidents, intentional or unintentional activities of enemy or friendly forces or ... |
|
| Development of a Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic (PBPK/PD) Minipig Model for Simulation of Low Level Multiple Route CW Agent Exposure |
01 OCT 2005 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
Jeffery M. Gearhart; Kyung O. Yu; MANTECH ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY INC DAYTON OH
|
| A physiologically-based pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PBPK/PD) model was developed to simulate the concentration and effects of low-level chemical warfare agents (CWA) in the Goettingen minipig. The model code was written to account for absorption of CWAs from multiple sites (respiratory tract -- lower and upper, dermal, ocular) after vapor exposure. Literature references to minipig physiology were used for the majority of organ volumes and blood flows, while some parameter values were scaled ... |
|
| Determination of Partition coefficients for a Mixture of Volatile Organic Compounds in Rats and Humans at Different Life Stages |
MAY 2004 |
40 pages |
| Authors:
Deidre A. Mahle; Jeffrey M. Gearhart; Richard J. Godfrey; David R. Mattie; Robert S. Cook; Claude C. Grisby; MANTECH ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY INC DAYTON OH
|
| Pharmacokinetic differences in child, adult and elderly populations remain ill defined. Partition coefficients (PCs) are an integral component of pharmacokinetic models and determining differences in tissue partitioning of volatile organic chemicals across life stages can help reduce the uncertainty in risk assessment. PCs for methylene chloride 1 methyl ethyl ketone, chloroform, benzene, trichloroethylene and perchloroethylene were determined in blood, liver, kidney, fat, muscle and brain of male adult (60 days) ... |
|
| Dose Range Finding of Chromophore Powder: A Summary Report |
FEB 2004 |
19 pages |
| Authors:
Saber M. Hussain; Kevin T. Geiss; MANTECH ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY INC DAYTON OH
|
| The potential toxic effects of chromophore powder in primary hepatocytes were investigated. initially, a solubility assessment was conducted in aqueous and organic solutions. The solubility test showed that the chromophore powder is soluble in DMSO at 0.001 mg/ml, while not in water or ethyl alcohol. Therefore, DMSO was selected as the solvent for the dose range finding study. For initial toxicity evaluations, mitochondrial function (MTT assay), lactate dehydrogenase release (LDH ... |
|
| Data Development Strategy for Evaluation of Occupational Health Hazards of New Chemicals of Interest to the Air Force |
APR 2000 |
65 pages |
| Authors:
John M. Frazier; Darol Dodd; Andrey I. Nikiforov; MANTECH ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY INC DAYTON OH
|
| New chemicals developed for the use by the Air Force must undergo evaluation to determine if these chemicals will be detrimental to the health of Air Force personnel. Chemical safety assessment is a costly and time consuming process. This report is a description of recommended procedures for toxicity testing of new chemicals. A strategy for the progressive and logical development of toxicology data that are needed for health hazard characterization, ... |
|
| Human Inhalation of Halon 1301, HFC-134a and HFC-227ea for Collection of Pharmacokinetic Data |
AUG 97 |
20 pages |
| Authors:
Allen Vinegar; Gary W. Jepson; Robert S. Cook; James D. McCafferty Iii.; Melanie C. Caracci; MANTECH ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY INC DAYTON OH
|
| International agreement and regulatory decisions have driven activities to replace ozone depleting chemicals (ODCs) in fire suppression and refrigeration applications. In order to validate a human physiologically based pharmacokinetic model designed for use in estimating chemical biodistribution and establishing egress times, human volunteers were exposed via inhalation to a series of chemicals relevant to ODC replacement activity. Seven male volunteers ranging from 21-49 years of age were selected to inhale ... |
|
| Acute Oral Toxicity Evaluation and Genotoxicity Testing of Hexakis (2,2, 2-Trifluornethoxy) Cyclotriphosphazene, A Replacement Candidate for Ozone Depleting Substances |
MAY 97 |
27 pages |
| Authors:
Robin E. Wolfe; David H. Ellis; Harry F. Leahy; Allen Vinegar; S. Sharma; MANTECH ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY INC DAYTON OH
|
| The DoD requires the development of toxicity profiles for chemical substitute candidates, that have little or no ozone depleting potential, to replace ozone depleting substances such as chloro- and fluorocarbons and halons. Hexakis (2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) cyclotriphosphazene (Hexakis) was identified as a possible replacement candidate for ozone- depleting fire extinguishants. An acute oral toxicity assessment utilizing male and female Fischer 344 rats and genotoxicity testing utilizing the Ames assay were performed on ... |
|
| Acute Inhalation Toxicity Evaluation of a 9:1 Mixture of 1,1,1,3,3,3- Hexafluoropropane and 1-Bromopropane: A Replacement Candidate for Ozone Depleting Substances |
MAY 97 |
24 pages |
| Authors:
Robin E. Wolfe; David H. Ellis; Harry F. Leahy; Allen Vinegar; MANTECH ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY INC DAYTON OH
|
| The DOD requires the development of a toxicity profile for chemical substitute candidates, that have little or no ozone depleting potential, to replace ozone depleting substances such as chloro-and bromofluorocarbons (halons). A 9:1 mixture of 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane (HFC-236fa) and 1- bromopropane (BP) was identified as a possible replacement candidate for ozone- depleting fire extinguishants. An acute inhalation toxicity assessment utilizing male and female Fischer 344 rats was performed on this mixture. ... |
|
| Developmental Toxicity Screen of 1,3,5-Trinitrobenzene Using Hydra attenuata |
MAY 97 |
|
| Authors:
Robin E. Wolfe; Edwin R. Kinkead; Patrica D. Confer; MANTECH ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY INC DAYTON OH
|
 | An in vitro developmental toxicity screen was performed to determine the developmental hazard index (A/D ratio) of 1 ,3,5-Trinitrobenzene (TNB) using the hydra assay. Hydra attenuata have the capability for whole body regeneration. The assay employs exposing both adult hydra and 'artificial embryos' composed of disassociated hydra cells to test compounds to investigate developmental toxicity. Results from the hydra assay of TNB indicated the minimal affective concentrations required to elicit ... |
|
| Smoke Production And Thermal Decomposition Products From Advanced Composite Materials |
DEC 96 |
52 pages |
| Authors:
D. L. Courson; C. D. Flemming; K. J. Kuhlmann; J. W. Lane; J. H. Grabau; MANTECH ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY INC DAYTON OH
|
| This report describes the smoke production and thermal decomposition products from the combustion of Advanced Composite Materials (ACM) used on high performance aircraft. There are three distinct project phases with only Phase I described here. The preliminary work (Phase 0) addressed the physical behavior of burning composites, such as mass loss rates, smoke plume dispersion, and the environmental impact of a burning aircraft Results of Phase 0, characterizing and modeling ... |
|
| Developmental Toxicity Screen of Ammonium Perchlorate Using Hydra attenuata |
DEC 96 |
35 pages |
| Authors:
P. D. Confer; R. E. Wolfe; E. R. Kinkead; MANTECH ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY INC DAYTON OH
|
| Ammonium perchlorate (AP) is an oxidizer used as a component in solid rocket propellants, munitions and fireworks. An in vitro developmental toxicity screen was performed to determine the developmental hazard index (A/D ratio) for AP using the hydra assay. Hydra attenuata have the capability for whole body regeneration. The assay employs exposing both adult hydra and 'artificial embryos' composed of disassociated hydra cells to test compounds to investigate developmental toxicity. ... |
|
| Acute Toxicity Evaluation of JP-8 Jet Fuel and JP-8 Jet Fuel Containing Additives |
NOV 96 |
56 pages |
| Authors:
R. E. Wolfe; E. R. Kinead; M. L. Feldmann; H. F. Leahy; W. W. Jederberg; MANTECH ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY INC DAYTON OH
|
| To reduce fuel fouling in current U.S Navy and Air Force aircraft systems and to provide additional heat sink and thermal stability for future systems, the Air Force is developing an improved JP-8 jet fuel (JP-8 + 100). Two companies (Betz and Mobil) have developed additive packages that are currently being tested in aircraft systems. To determine if the additive packages will produce health effects for flightline personnel, acute testing ... |
|
| Acute, Subchronic and Reproductive Toxicity of Quadricyclane Vapor on Sprague-Dawley Rats |
AUG 96 |
48 pages |
| Authors:
R. E. Wolfe; E. R. Kinkead; M. L. Feldman; H. F. Leahy; L. Narayanan; MANTECH ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY INC DAYTON OH
|
| The U.S. Air Force is currently developing High Energy Density Matter (HEDM) for use in advanced rocket propellants to improve their performance. An HEDM of immediate interest is Quadricyclane. Assessments were performed to determine the inhalation toxicity of Quadricyclane vapor. An acute 4-h exposure of male Sprague-Dawley rats to 5mg Quadricyclane resulted in complete mortality. |
|
| 90-Day Nose-Only Inhalation Toxicity Study of Trifluoroiodomethane (CG3I) to Male and Female Fischer Rats |
FEB 1996 |
42 pages |
| Authors:
Edwin R. Kinkead; Robin E. Wolfe; Marcia L. Feldmann; Harold F. Leahy; Carlyle D. Flemming; MANTECH ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY INC DAYTON OH
|
| Trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I) is being considered as a replacement for Halon fire suppressants. It's structure is similar to that of Halon 1301 (CF3Br) , but it has very low ozone depletion potential. Male and female Fischer 344 rats were exposed to 0 (air only), |
|
| Relating Blood Concentration Time Courses To Cardiac Sensitization Thresholds During Inhalation of Halon Replacement Chemicals |
DEC 95 |
23 pages |
| Authors:
A. Vinegar; G. W. Jepson; MANTECH ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY INC DAYTON OH
|
| Human exposure to Halon and Halon replacement chemicals is often regulated on the basis of cardiac sensitization potential. The test results are evaluated in terms of a dose-response curve from which No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) and Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level (LOAEL) values are determined. This approach alone does not provide the information necessary to evaluate the cardiac sensitization potential for the chemical of interest under a variety ... |
|
| Dose (and Time Dependent) Blockade of Pregnancy in Sprague-Dawley Rats Administered Ammonium Dinitramide in the Drinking Water |
NOV 1995 |
27 pages |
| Authors:
Edwin R. Kinkead; Robin E. Wolfe; Marcia L. Feldmann; MANTECH ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY INC DAYTON OH
|
| Ammonium dinitramide (ADN) is a class 1.1 explosive oxidizer, which may be used in solid rocket propellant mixtures and explosives. A 90-day general toxicity/reproductive screen performed on this compound at doses of 162, 103, 29, and 0.0 mg ADN)kg/day resulted in a treatment-related adverse effect on litter production. |
|
| Development and Validation of a Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Model of Chloral Hydrate and Its Main Metabolites |
NOV 1995 |
44 pages |
| Authors:
Janusz Z. Byczkowski; Connie S. Seckel; Richard K. Black; Jason R. Creech; Brendan L. Garrity; MANTECH ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY INC DAYTON OH
|
| Chloral hydrate is a synthetic sedative/hypnotic drug used in human medicine. It is also generated as a chlorination by-product in drinking water and is produced in the organism from an environmental pollutant - trichloroethylene. Chloral, along with trichioroethylene, are occurring as environmental contaminants at the Air Force, Navy, and Army installations. This report describes the development of an interlinked physiologically based pharmacokinetic model ... |
|
| Reproductive Toxicity Screen of Ammonium Dinitramide Administered in the Drinking Water of Sprague-Dawley Rats |
NOV 95 |
|
| Authors:
E. R. Kinkead; R. E. Wolfe; C. D. Flemming; H. F. Leahy; D. J. Caldwell; MANTECH ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY INC DAYTON OH
|
| The Department of Defense is currently considering replacing ammonium perchlorate with ammonium dinitramide (ADN). The ADN, a class 1.1 explosive oxidizer, will be used in solid rocket propellant mixtures and explosives. This study was intended to evaluate the potential of ADN to produce alterations in paternal fertility, maternal pregnancy and lactation, and growth and development of offspring. Male and female rats received drinking water treated with 2000, 1000, or 200 ... |
|
| Development and Experimental Calibration of the Mathematical Model of Lipid Peroxidation in Mouse Liver Slices |
OCT 1995 |
37 pages |
| Authors:
Janusz Z. Byczkowski; Stephen R. Channel; Tasha L. Pravecek; MANTECH ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY INC DAYTON OH
|
| A computerized biologically based pharmacodynamic (BBPD) model was developed in order to describe and simulate chemically induced lipid peroxidation in precision cut mouse liver slices. The model was written in Advanced Continuous Simulation Language (ACSL) and simulations were performed using SIMUSOLY software with optimization capabilities on a VAX/VMS mainframe computer. The BBPD model simulated formation of lipid hydroperoxides and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) ... |
|
| Cardiovascular Response in Male Sprague-Dawley Rats Measured by Radiotelemetric Implants and Tailcuff Sphygmomanometry |
OCT 1995 |
36 pages |
| Authors:
Frank W. Abernathy; Carlyle D. Flemming; William B. Sonntag; MANTECH ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY INC DAYTON OH
|
| Tailcuff sphygmomanometry (Tailcuff) was compared to radiotelemetric implants (Implants) for monitoring blood pressure and heart rate in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Tailcuff has the intrinsic advantage of being noninvasive. However, Tailcuff requires at least several days (or more) of animal training to eliminate pulse artifacts generated by stress or gross body movements from close containment within unfamiliar surroundings. There is no training involved with implantation. Although several ... |
|
| Dichloroacetic Acid Metabolism In Vitro: I. Investigation of the Factors Influencing Dichloroacetic Acid Metabolism |
MAY 95 |
18 pages |
| Authors:
D. A. Mahle; G. W. Buttler; J. C. Lipscomb; MANTECH ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY INC DAYTON OH
|
| Dichioroacetic acid (DCA) is a major metabolite of trichioroethylene (TRI), a common groundwater contaminant. Dichioroacetic acid has been reported to cause hepatocarcinomas in rodents. We have shown that DCA metabolism is dependent on a cytosolic protein and, therefore, not P-450 dependent. However, the products of DCA metabolism have not been clearly identified. Initial experiments performed with nuclease and protease ruled out binding of DCA as an explanation for the disappearance ... |
|
| 1994 Toxic Hazards Research Unit (THRU) Annual Report |
APR 1995 |
256 pages |
| Authors:
Darol E. Dodd; MANTECH ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY INC DAYTON OH
|
| This reports presents a review of the activities of the Toxic Hazards Research Hunt (THRU) for the period Ol October 1993 through 30 September 1994. The THRU conducts descriptive, mechanistic, and predictive toxicology research and toxicological risk assessments to provide data to predict health hazards and to assess health risks associated with human exposure to chemicals and materials associated with military systems and operational environments. This report ... |
|
| Inhalation Uptake and Metabolism of Iodohalogenated Compounds, CF3I, C6F13I, and C3F7I |
APR 95 |
24 pages |
| Authors:
J. R. Creech; R. K. Black; B. L. Garrity; R. Abbas; L. Dong; MANTECH ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY INC DAYTON OH
|
| The purpose of this study was to measure the tissue to air partition coefficients and to describe the uptake and distribution kinetics of iodohalogenated compounds iodotrifluoromethane (CF3I), perfluorohexyl iodide (C6F13I) and l-iodoheptafluoropropane (C3F7l) via closed chamber recirculating gas uptake methods. Inhalation pharmacokinetics for all chemicals were determined experimentally in Fischer-344 (F-344) male rats. A physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model was used to describe mathematically the disposition and metabolism of the ... |
|
| Range-Finding Study for a Reproductive Screen of Modular Artillery Charge System (XM231/XM232) Administered in the Diet of Sprague-Dawley Rats |
APR 95 |
29 pages |
| Authors:
E. R. Kinkead; M. L. Freedman; R. E. Wolfe; C. D. Fleming; D. L. Pollard; MANTECH ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY INC DAYTON OH
|
| An artillery propellant under development b the U.S. Army is a granular mixture of nitrocelinlose, nitroglycerin, nitroguanidine, ethylcentralite, cryolite, and graphite. The propellant, Modniar Artillery Charge System or MACS, consists of a single increment of propellant charge contained within a rigid combustible casing. Nitrocellulose, nitroglycerin, and nitroguanidine make up greater than 98% of the total propellant mixture. As part of the process to develop environmental and health effects criteria, a ... |
|
| Iodotrifluoromethane and Iodoheptafluoropropane Assessment of Cardiac Sensitisation Potential in Dogs |
21 FEB 1995 |
40 pages |
| Authors:
T. J. Kenny; C. K. Shepherd; C. J. Hardy; MANTECH ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY INC DAYTON OH
|
| This study was designed to assess the cardiac sensitisation potential of CF3I and C3F7I in beagle dogs. Adrenaline was administered by intravenous injection before and during inhalation of test substances. The effect of the adrenaline of the ECG pattern was examined. Positive evidence of cardiac sensitisation would be observed as the presence of multifocal ventricular ectopic activity or ventricular fibrillation following adrenaline administration during inhalation of the test substance. CF3I ... |
|
| Determination of Partition Coefficients for Trichloroethanol (TCOH) and Chloral Hydrate (CH)-Two Metabolites of Trichloroethylene (TCE) |
FEB 1995 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
C. Seckel; J. R. Creech; R. K. Black; B. L. Garrity; MANTECH ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY INC DAYTON OH
|
| Trichioroethylene (TCE), a common groundwater contaminant, has been shown to be carcinogenic in some animal species. To determine the risk in humans, the use of physiologically-based pharmacokinetic models (PBPK) has become increasingly the method of choice. Formerly it was a common practice to calculate risk estimates on the basis of administered dose-toxicity/tumor incidence, it is now recognized that the dose delivered to the target organ is more accurate. Determination of ... |
|
| Determination of Partition Coefficients for Trichloroethanol (TCOH) and Chioral Hydrate (CH) - Two Metabolites of Trichloroethylene (TCE) |
FEB 95 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
C. Seckel; J. R. Creech; R. K. Black; B. L. Garrity; MANTECH ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY INC DAYTON OH
|
| Trichioroethylene (TCE), a common groundwater contaminant, has been shown to be carcinogenic in some animal species. To determine the risk in humans, the use of physiologically-based pharmacokinetic models (PBPK) has become increasingly the method of choice. Formerly it was a common practice to calculate risk estimates on the basis of administered dose-toxicity/tumor incidence, it is now recognized that the dose delivered to the target organ is more accurate. Determination of ... |
|
| Pharmacokinetics of HCFC-123 in Dogs |
JAN 1995 |
102 pages |
| Authors:
A. Vinegar; D. E. Dodd; D. L. Pollard; R. J. Williams; J. N. McDougal; MANTECH ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY INC DAYTON OH
|
| The U.S. EPA has been mandated to evaluate alternatives to Class I ozone depleting substances including halon fire and explosion protection agents. Under the Significant New Alternatives Policy Program the EPA considers the cardiac sensitization potential as the most sensitive biological endpoint because of the potent sensitizing effect, in the epinephrine-challenged dog model, of many of the halogen containing chemicals and replacement candidates of this program. This study was initiated ... |
|
| Genetic Toxicity Evaluation of Iodotrifluoromethane (CFsub3I). Volume 1. Results of Salmonella Typhimurium Histidine Reversion Assay (Ames Assay) |
JAN 95 |
24 pages |
| Authors:
A. D. Mitchell; MANTECH ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY INC DAYTON OH
|
| Under subcontract to ManTech Environmental Technology, Incorporated, Genesys Research, Incorporated, tested lodotrifluoromethane (CF3I) using Billups-Rothenberg exposure chambers for the exposure chamber modification of the Salmonella typhimurium histidine (his) reversion mutagenesis system (the Ames test), a microbial assay that measured histidine + reversion induced by chemicals that cause base changes or frameshift mutations in the genome of this organism. Testing was conducted using five Salmonella strains, with and without metabolic activation. ... |
|
| Genetic Toxicity Evaluation of Iodotrifluoromethane (CFsub3I). Volume 2. Results of In Vivo Mouse Bone Marrow Erythrocyte Micronucleus Testing |
JAN 1995 |
21 pages |
| Authors:
A. D. Mitchell; MANTECH ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY INC DAYTON OH
|
| Under subcontract to ManTech Environmental Technology, Incorporated, Genesys Research, Incorporated, examined the potential of odotrifluoromethane (CF3I) to induce structural chromosomes aberrations in erythropoietic cells of the bone marrow. Genesys used the mouse micronucleus test which measures the clastogenic (chromosomes breaking) action of chemicals by the induction of micronuclei in bone marrow cells, as observed in erythrocytes from the peripheral blood of male and female mice obtained approximately 24 hours after ... |
|
| Genetic Toxicity Evaluation of Iodotrifluoromethane (CF3I). Volume 3. Results of the Forward Mutation Assay Using L5178Y Mouse Lymphoma Cells |
JAN 95 |
23 pages |
| Authors:
A. D. Mitchell; MANTECH ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY INC DAYTON OH
|
| Under subcontract to ManTech Environmental Technology, Incorporated, Genesys Research, Incorporated, used LSi?8Y mouse lymphoma cells from clone 3.7. 2C to assess the capability of iodotrifluoromethane (CF3I) to induce gene and chromosomal mutations at the thymidine kinase (tk) locus in the absence and presence of exogenous S9 metabolic activation. To test this volatile material, cell cultures were placed in 15 ml round-bottom glass blood tubes sealed with serum stoppers, and, using ... |
|
| Metabolism of 2,2-Dichloro-1,1,1 Trifluoroethane (HCFC-123) by Human Hepatic Microsomes |
NOV 94 |
17 pages |
| Authors:
C. S. Godlin; M. M. Ketcha; J. M. Drerup; A. Vinegar; MANTECH ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY INC DAYTON OH
|
| As part of its safety evaluation, the in vitro metabolism of 2,2- dichloro-1,1,l-trifluoroethane (HCFC-123), a replacement candidate for Halon 1211, by human hepatic microsomes, was assessed. Microsomal incubations containing HCFC-123 ranging from 6 to 75% (v/v) in the headspace produced increasing amounts of trifluoroacetic acid (IFA); the kinetics suggested substrate- saturation although substrate inhibition was apparent above a concentration of 36%. The rate of ThA formation with respect to pH, ... |
|
| Improvements in Modeling of Pulmonary Uptake of Toxicants |
NOV 94 |
31 pages |
| Authors:
R. Collins; MANTECH ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY INC DAYTON OH
|
| The primary objective of this technical report is to provide a rational foundation for quantitatively evaluating the importance of unsteady versus steady or quasi-steady events during uptake of chemical toxicants via the human respiratory tract. A secondary objective is to review critically the current approaches in physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling of the lung with a view to generalizing the model descriptions to encompass a broader range of exposure and physiological ... |
|
| Reproductive Toxicity Screen of 1,3,5-Trinitrobenzene Administered in the Diet of Sprague-Dawley Rats |
OCT 94 |
52 pages |
| Authors:
E. R. Kinkead; R. E. Wolfe; C. D. Flemming; D. J. Caldwell; C. R. Miller; MANTECH ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY INC DAYTON OH
|
| Several Army installations targeted for restoration have measurable quantities of 1 ,3,5-trinitrobenzene (TNB) in the soil and ground water. As part of the process to develop environmental and health effects criteria for restoration, a modified Screening Information Data Set (SIDS) reproductive study was performed. Male and female Sprague-Dawley rats received diet containing approximately 300, 150, or 30 mg Th%B/kg diet. Mating occurred following 14 days of treatment. All dams, one-half ... |
|
| Evaluation of In Vitro Alternatives to the Dog Cardiac Sensitization Assay |
OCT 94 |
23 pages |
| Authors:
J. M. Frazier; MANTECH ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY INC DAYTON OH
|
| Many halogenated hydrocarbons have been shown to be cardiac sensitizers, i.e., chemicals that alter the sensitivity of the heart to endogenous chemical signals such that under conditions of stress cardiac failure may occur. The best known examples of these agents are solvents and propellants used in aerosol dispensers that have led to the death of "glue sniffers" as a result of cardiac arrest. The standard toxicological test for cardiac sensitization ... |
|
| Toxic Hazards Research Unit Annual Report 1993 |
OCT 94 |
232 pages |
| Authors:
D. E. Dodd; P. M. Smith; MANTECH ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY INC DAYTON OH
|
| This report presents a review of the activities of the Toxic Hazards Research Unit (THRU) for the period 0 1 October 1992 through 30 September 1993. The THRU conducts descriptive, mechanistic, and predictive toxicology research and toxicological risk assessments to provide data to predict health hazards and to assess health risks associated with human exposure to chemicals and materials associated with military systems and operational environments. The report includes summaries ... |
|
| Trichloroethylene: Metabolism and Other Biological Determinants of Mouse Liver Tumors |
SEP 94 |
79 pages |
| Authors:
H. A. Barton; J. Z. Byczkowski; S. R. Channel; B. M. Jarnot; J. C. Lipscomb; MANTECH ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY INC DAYTON OH
|
| Trichioroethylene (TCE) is one of the most commonly found groundwater contaminants at DoD facilities due to its widespread use in degreasing and as a solvent in other operations. Trichioroethylene has been the subject of extensive study including a large number of lifetime studies in laboratory rodents exposed by inhalation and oil gavage (oral bolus dosing). Several toxicities have been identified, including both noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic effects. This review considers both ... |
|
| Acute 15-Minute, Nose-Only Inhalation Exposures of Halon 1301 to Male and Female Sprague-Dawley Rats |
JUL 94 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
E. R. Kinkead; M. L. Freedman; R. E. Wolfe; H. F. Leahy; MANTECH ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY INC DAYTON OH
|
| To make comparisons of short-term lethality on trifluorojodomethane (CF3I) and Halon 1301, 1 5-minute, nose-only inhalation exposures were performed at 30, 50, and 80% Halon 1301. Slight tremors and ataxia were noted following 50 and 80% Halon 1301 exposures. All animals survived and gross examination at 14 days postexposure indicated normal findings. The lack of mortality at these concentrations indicate that Halon 1301 is less potent than CF3I. |
|
| Reproductive Toxicity Screen of Liquid Propellant XM46 Administered in the Drinking Water of Sprague-Dawley Rats |
JUN 94 |
36 pages |
| Authors:
E. R. Kinkead; R. E. Wolfe; S. A. Salins; C. D. Flemming; H. F. Leahy; MANTECH ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY INC DAYTON OH
|
| Liquid propellant XM46 is being considered as a replacement for solid propellants, both as part of a regenerative injection gun system as a working fluid in an electrothermal gun system. The XM46 formulation contains hydroxylammonium nitrate, triethanolammonium nitrate, and water. Male and female Sprague-Dawley rats received XM46 drinking water containing 2.0, 1.0, 0.2, or 0. 0 g XM46/L throughout a 90-day study. Mating occurred following 14 days of treatment. One ... |
|
| Overview of the Vapor Generation and Analysis Parameters of the Petroleum- and Shale-Derived Fuel Studies Conducted in Thomas Dome Exposure Chambers at the Toxic Hazards Research Unit, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base (Dayton), Ohio, 1973-1983 |
MAY 94 |
33 pages |
| Authors:
H. F. Leahy; MANTECH ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY INC DAYTON OH
|
| Over a decade ago (1973-1983), a series of long-term inhalation exposures were performed to study the toxicity of a number of aviation and marine fuels derived from petroleum and compare results with those derived from shale. These included JP-4, JP-5, and diesel fuel marine, as well as some specialty petroleum derived fuels W-7, JP-8, and JP-TS. The Thomas Domes located in the Armstrong Laboratory at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base (Dayton), ... |
|
| Proceedings of the 1993 Conference on Toxicology - The Risk Assessment Paradigm After Ten Years: Policy and Practice Then, Now, and In The Future |
MAY 94 |
453 pages |
| Authors:
H. A. Barton; D. R. Mattie; W. B. Pierano; MANTECH ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY INC DAYTON OH
|
| The conference on the Risk Assessment Paradigm After Ten Years covered a large number of topics of interest to toxicologists, risk assessors, and environmental managers. Leading scientists presented a range of topics in six sessions. These included introductions to the past, present, and future of the basics of risk assessment and a case study on new approaches to the risk assessment of a Halon replacement (HCFC-l23). Possibilities for advancing the ... |
|
| Acute and Subacute Toxicity Evaluation of Ammonium Dinitramide |
APR 94 |
17 pages |
| Authors:
E. R. Kinkead; S. A. Salins; R. E. Wolfe; G. B. Marit; MANTECH ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY INC DAYTON OH
|
| The Department of Defense is considering replacing ammonium perchiorate with ammonium dinitramide (ADN). Ammonium dinitramide, a Class 1.1 explosive oxidizer, would be used in solid rocket engine propellant mixtures as well as used as a high explosive. The first objective of this study was to provide acute hazard information on ADN to industrial hygienists responsible for the safe handling of this material. Because the most likely form of accidental exposure ... |
|
| Range-Finding Study for a Reproductive Assessment of 1,3,5- Trinitrobenzene Administered in the Diet of Sprague-Dawley Rats |
APR 94 |
41 pages |
| Authors:
E. R. Kinkead; R. E. Wolfe; S. A. Salins; C. D. Flemming; D. J. Caldwell; MANTECH ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY INC DAYTON OH
|
| The soil and groundwater of several military installations targeted for restoration contain measurable quantities of 1,3,5- trinitrobenzene (TNB). As part of the process to develop environmental and health effects criteria, a single-generation reproduction study was performed. Male and female Sprague- Dawley rats received diet containing approximately 800, 400, or 70 mg TNB/kg diet throughout the study. Mating occurred following 14 days of treatment. Dams and pups were maintained through 21-days ... |
|
| Acute Toxicity Evaluation of Halon Replacement Trifluoroiodomethane (CFsub3I) |
FEB 1994 |
20 pages |
| Authors:
E. R. Kinkead; S. A. Salins; R. E. Wolfe; H. F. Leahy; MANTECH ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY INC DAYTON OH
|
| Trifluorojodomethane (CF3I) is being considered as a replacement compound for Halon 1301. The material would be used as a flooding agent for in- flight aircraft and electronic equipment fires and for fire extinguishment in confined spaces. A series of 4-h nose-only inhalation exposures were performed on F-344 rats at 1.0 and 0.5% CF3I. No signs of toxic stress were noted during or following exposure. Inhalation of CF3I at concentrations of ... |
|
| QSAR Evaluation of Halon 1301 (CF3Br) and CF3I |
JAN 94 |
23 pages |
| Authors:
W. T. Brashear; D. A. Reid; MANTECH ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY INC DAYTON OH
|
| The chemical compound CF3I is a replacement candidate for the in- flight fire extinguishing Halon 1301 (CF3Br). One concern in choosing a suitable replacement for CF3Br is the toxicity of the replacement candidate. Since toxicological data comparing CF3Br and CF3I are not available, this comparison was done using a computer model for toxic endpoints. Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship (QSAR) was performed to compare the toxicity of CF3Br and CF3I. These ... |
|
| Gas Uptake Kinetics of Bromotrifluoromethane (Halon 1301) and Its Proposed Replacement Iodotrifluoromethane (CF3I) |
JAN 94 |
38 pages |
| Authors:
R. J. Williams; J. R. Creech; R. K. Black; S. K. Neurath; G. W. Jepson; MANTECH ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY INC DAYTON OH
|
| A physiologically based simulation approach was used to estimate in vivo metabolic constants in male Fischer 344 rats for the two chemicals, bromotrifluoromethane (Halon 1301), and its proposed replacement candidate, iodotrifluoromethane (CF3I). A closed recirculating exposure system was used to collect a series of gas uptake curves for both chemicals at equivalent initial exposure concentrations. Additionally, tissue:air partitiOn coefficients were determined experimentally for each chemical and incorporated into a physiologically ... |
|
| 'Occupational' Exposure of Infants to Toxic Chemicals via Breast Milk |
94 |
|
| Authors:
J. Z. Byczkowski; J. M. Gearhart; J. W. Fisher; MANTECH ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY INC DAYTON OH
|
| The transfer of toxic chemicals to breast milk represents an important, although not widely recognized, chemical exposure route for the infant. For an increasing number of nursing mothers who resume their professional activities after giving birth, the obvious benefits of breast- feeding must be evaluated versus the risk of the lactational transfer of occupational chemicals to the infant. In this article we review qualitative and quantitative data on occupational chemicals ... |
|
| 1992 Toxic Hazards Research Unit Annual Report |
APR 93 |
|
| Authors:
H. G. Wall; D. E. Dodd; A. Vinegar; M. G. Schneider; MANTECH ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY INC DAYTON OH
|
| This report presents a review of the activities of the Toxic Hazards Research Unit (THRU) for the period 1 October 1991 through 30 September 1992. The THRU conducts descriptive, mechanistic, and predictive toxicology research and toxicological risk assessments to provide data to predict health hazards and to assess health risks associated with human exposure to chemicals and materials associated with military systems and operational environments. The report includes summaries of ... |
|
| Proceedings of the Conference on Chemical Risk Assessment in the DoD: science, Policy, and Practice Held in Dayton, Ohio on April 8-11, 1991 |
JAN 93 |
265 pages |
| Authors:
H. J. Clewell; MANTECH ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY INC DAYTON OH
|
| This conference was held to promote the exchange of information between those who develop risk assessment methodologies and those who perform risk assessments for the Department of Defense (DoD). The conference featured invited presentations by noted individuals in the field of risk assessment and a poster session on studies relevant to the conference theme. Sessions were held on: DoD approaches to chemical risk assessment, principles of chemical risk assessment, issues ... |
|
| Evaluation of Chloropentafluorobenzene as an Intake Simulant for Chemical Defense Training |
JAN 93 |
36 pages |
| Authors:
H. J. Clewell III; B. M. Jarnot; MANTECH ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY INC DAYTON OH
|
| For a number of years the U.S. Air Force has been performing research to develop safe intake simulants for chemical warfare agents (CWA) to provide accurate and quantitative real-time assessment of troop proficiency and gear efficacy during chemical warfare (CW) field exercises. Chloropentafluorobenzene (CPFB) was identified and evaluated as a candidate inhalation simulant, and was determined to possess desirable physiochemical and toxicological properties. These include rapid uptake, low metabolism and ... |
|
Reports by Corporate Author
