| Fourteen-Day Subchronic Oral Toxicity Study of 4-Nitrophenyl Monochloromethyl (Phenyl) Phosphinate in Male Rats |
FEB 88 |
|
| Authors:
Carlyn M. Lewis; Craig W. White; Thomas P. Kellner; Paul P. Waring; John C. Turnier; LETTERMAN ARMY INST OF RESEARCH PRESIDIO OF SAN FRANCISCO CA
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 | The 14-day subchronic oral toxicity of 4-nitrophenyl monochloromethyl (phenyl) phosphinate (MCP) was evaluated in male rats. MCP was administered by gavage at dose levels of 0,12.5, 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg/day for 14 days. At necropsy blood samples were obtained for hematological and serum clinical analyses. A complete histological examination was performed on all animals. In addition, plasma, red blood cell, and brain acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase activities were determined. Although ... |
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| Open Wound Drainage Versus Wound Excision on the Modern Battlefield |
FEB 88 |
28 pages |
| Authors:
M. L. Fackler; J. P. Breteau; L. J. Courbil; R. Taxit; J. Glas; LETTERMAN ARMY INST OF RESEARCH PRESIDIO OF SAN FRANCISCO CA
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 | Military dogma preaches that excision of all injured tissue around the path of a penetrating projectile is essential in wound treatment. To find out whether excising injured muscle surrounding a bullet path benefits healing over and above the benefit provided by a simple release of tension by incision, two groups of 90 kg swine were shot in the hind leg by a replica of the AK-74 Assault Rifle projectile. One ... |
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| Developmental Toxicity Potential of Nitroguanidine in Rats |
FEB 88 |
99 pages |
| Authors:
Valerie G. Coppes; Gayle A. Orner; Don W. Korte Jr; LETTERMAN ARMY INST OF RESEARCH PRESIDIO OF SAN FRANCISCO CA
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| The potential of nitroguanidine to produce developmental toxicity was evaluated in pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats. Nitroguanidine, suspended in 1% carboxymethylcellulose, was administered at doses of 0, 100, 316, and 1000 milligrams/kg/day by oral gavage on Days 6 through 15 of gestation. Fetuses were delivered by cesarean section on Day 20, weighed, examined externally, and processed in either Bouin's solution for visceral examination or alizarin red stain for skeletal examination. Following a ... |
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| Comparison of the Effects of British Anti-Lewisite (BAL) and Beta Mercapto Ethanol on the Reduction and Cleavage of Disulfide Bonds in IgG and Human Keratinocyte Proteins |
FEB 88 |
23 pages |
| Authors:
Michael A. Deaton; Charles A. Barba; Carlos R. Flores; Gregory P. Jones; Phillip D. Bowman; LETTERMAN ARMY INST OF RESEARCH PRESIDIO OF SAN FRANCISCO CA
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| British anti lewisite (BAL) has been proposed as the active component for an ophthalmic antidote to lewisite. BAL was proposed because of data regarding its efficacy, and it has been cleared for therapeutic use in humans. Because it contains 2 thiol groups, BAL can be expected to reduce disulfide linkages and denature enzymes and other proteins. Thus two protein populations containing numerous inter-and intrachain disulfide bridges were exposed to BAL, ... |
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| Acute Dermal Toxicity of Nitroguanidine in Rabbits |
JAN 88 |
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| Authors:
Carolyn M. Lewis; Carlin V. Okerberg; Don W. Korte Jr; LETTERMAN ARMY INST OF RESEARCH PRESIDIO OF SAN FRANCISCO CA
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| Nitroguanidine, a primary component of US Army triple-base propellants, is now produced in a Government-owned contractor-operated ammunition plant. The US Army Biomedical Research and Development Laboratory (USABRDL), as part of its mission to evaluate environmental and health hazards of compounds generated by US Army munitions-manufacturing facilities, conducted a review of the nitroguanidine data base and identified significant gaps in the toxicity data (1). The Division of Toxicology, LAIR, was tasked ... |
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| Quantitation of Nitroguanidine in Rodent Chow |
JAN 88 |
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| Authors:
Conrad Wheeler; Eric Dahlberg; John Ryabik; Don W. Korte Jr; LETTERMAN ARMY INST OF RESEARCH PRESIDIO OF SAN FRANCISCO CA
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| The assay described in this report was developed to verify the concentrations of nitroguanidine (NGu) in feed mixtures used in GLP animal studies. The target concentrations of NGu in the animal diets ranged from approximately 1 to 22 mg NGu/g feed. These diets were prepared using a mixture of feed (premix) with a much higher concentration of NGu (approximately 50 mg NGu/g feed). The assay employs High Pressure Liquid Chromatography ... |
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| A Convenient Spectroscopic Method for the Estimation of Hemoglobin Concentrations in Cell-Free Solutions |
Jan 1988 |
14 pages |
| Authors:
S M Snell; M A Marini; LETTERMAN ARMY INST OF RESEARCH PRESIDIO OF SAN FRANCISCO CA
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| Using a millimolar absorptivity of 7.12+ or - 0.09 at 523 nm, it is possible to estimate the total concentration of hemoglobin in solutions containing oxyhemoglobin, deoxyhemoglobin and methemoglobin in any combination. This estimate is independent of the pH in the range 6.0-10.0 and will provide concentrations comparable to that obtained by the conventional and more precise use of cyanomethemoglobin. This methodology should be of the determination of extracellular hemoglobin ... |
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| Mutagenic Potential of Nitrosoguanidine in the Mouse Lymphoma Forward Mutation Assay |
DEC 87 |
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| Authors:
John W. Harbell; Don W. Korte Jr; LETTERMAN ARMY INST OF RESEARCH PRESIDIO OF SAN FRANCISCO CA
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| The mutagenic potential of nitrosoguanidine (TP048) was assessed in the mouse lymphoma thymidine kinase forward mutation assay both with and without metabolic activation by rat liver S-9. In the initial and confirmatory assays, cells were exposed to test compound concentrations ranging from 1.5 mg/ml to 0.7 mg/ml. Nitrosoguanidine induced a significant increase in the mutant frequency in both assays. These results indicate that nitrosoguanidine was mutagenic under the conditions of ... |
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| Mutagenic Potential of Nitroguanidine in the Mouse Lymphoma Forward Mutation Assay |
DEC 87 |
32 pages |
| Authors:
John W. Harbell; Don W. Korte Jr; LETTERMAN ARMY INST OF RESEARCH PRESIDIO OF SAN FRANCISCO CA
|
| The mutagenic potential of nitroguanidine was assessed in the mouse lymphoma thymidine kinase forward mutation assay both with and without metabolic activation by rat liver. In the initial range-finding assay, cells were exposed to test compound concentrations ranging from 4 milligram/milliliter to 0.01 milligram/milliliter. The confirmatory assay employed doses from 4 milligram/ milliliter to 1 milligram/milliliter. Nitroguanidine did not induce a statistically significant increase in the mutant frequency in either ... |
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| Ordnance Gelatin for Ballistic Studies: Detrimental Effect of Excess Heat Used in Gelatin Preparation |
DEC 87 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Martin L. Fackler; John A. Malinowski; LETTERMAN ARMY INST OF RESEARCH PRESIDIO OF SAN FRANCISCO CA
|
| Most users of ordnance gelatin for ballistics studies are apparently unaware of the detrimental effects on this tissue simulant's properties caused by excess heating in reconstitution of the gelatin powder. Material published by the Gelatin Manufacturers Institute of America, Inc., states that heating gelatin above 40 C can be detrimental to its properties. The manufacturer of type 250 A Ordnance Gelatin does not include directions for preparation with the gelatin ... |
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| Liquid Storage at 4C of Previously Frozen Red Cells |
DEC 87 |
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| Authors:
G. L. Moore; M. E. Ledford; P. J. Mathewson; D. J. Hankins; LETTERMAN ARMY INST OF RESEARCH PRESIDIO OF SAN FRANCISCO CA
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| Fresh human blood was collected in citrate-phosphate-dextrose, frozen by a high-glycerol technique, and stored at -80C. The red cells ere thawed, deglycerolized, and resuspended in a final was solution, ADSOL (Fenwal Laboratories), or an additive solution (AS) containing glucose, adenine, mannitol, and phosphate. The cells were then stored at 4 to 6C for 21 days and assayed weekly for adenosine triphosphate and 2,3 diphosphoglycerate, pH, glucose use, and lysis. AS ... |
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| The Effects of the M17A2 Protective Mask on Human Pursuit Tracking Performance |
NOV 87 |
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| Authors:
Charles A. Barba; David A. Stamper; David M. Penetar; Jerome W. Molchany; LETTERMAN ARMY INST OF RESEARCH PRESIDIO OF SAN FRANCISCO CA
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| Wearing of the M17A2 protective mask alters a soldier's ability to detect, acquire and track moving targets. In this study we attempted to describe the decrements in pursuit tracking performance produced by the M17A2 protective mask. Sixteen male volunteers used an optical tracking device to track targets at a constant angular velocity of 5 mrad/sec under bright and dim ambient light conditions in the BLASER pursuit tracking simulator. Volunteers were ... |
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| Three Proteins Made by Glial Cells of the Goldfish (C. auratus) Optic Nerve Undergo Increased Synthesis Following Trauma to the Optic Nerve |
NOV 87 |
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| Authors:
Michael A. Deaton; Susan E. Bock; John Freeman; Harry Zqick; LETTERMAN ARMY INST OF RESEARCH PRESIDIO OF SAN FRANCISCO CA
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| Glial cells have been shown to increase the levels of synthesis of selected proteins in response to damage inflicted upon their associated axons. These proteins may be instrumental in mediating axonal repair. In this study proteins synthesized by the glial cells of the goldfish optic nerve were examined using tissue incubation, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and gel fluorography. Ten days after monocular nerve crush or monocular enucleation, three glial proteins were ... |
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| Measurement of Pyridostigmine Bromide in Rodent Chow |
19 OCT 87 |
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| Authors:
Suellen Ferraris; Bert Ho; Don W. Korte Jr; LETTERMAN ARMY INST OF RESEARCH PRESIDIO OF SAN FRANCISCO CA
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| In order to evaluate the 180-day oral subchronic toxicity of pyridostigmine in rats, it was necessary to administer the test compound in the diet. Satisfactory incorporation of pyridostigmine bromide (PYR) into ground rat chow requires that the test substance be mixed uniformly at the correct concentration and remain stable in the feed for the desired time period. To assess these parameters, it was first necessary to develop an assay for ... |
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| Teratogenic Potential of Ethylene Thiourea (ETU), A Positive Control in Sprague-Dawley Rats |
OCT 87 |
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| Authors:
Valerie G. Coppes; Martha A. Hanes; Don W. Korte Jr; LETTERMAN ARMY INST OF RESEARCH PRESIDIO OF SAN FRANCISCO CA
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| The teratogenic potential of ethylene thiourea (ETU) was tested in pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats. An aqueous solution of ETU was administered by oral gavage at a dose level of 40 mg/kg on Days 6 through 15 of gestation. Fetuses were delivered by cesarean section on Day 20, weighed, examined externally, and either processed in Bouin's solution for visceral examination or alizarin red stain for skeletal examination. ETU produced teratogenic and embroyotoxic ... |
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| Teratogenic Potential of 4-Nitrophenyl Methyl Phenyl Phosphinate (MPP) in Rats |
OCT 87 |
|
| Authors:
Valerie G. Coppes; Martha A. Hanes; Don W. Korte Jr; LETTERMAN ARMY INST OF RESEARCH PRESIDIO OF SAN FRANCISCO CA
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| The teratogenic potential of 4 nitrophenyl methyl phenyl phosphinate (MPP) was tested in pregnant Sprague Dawley rats. MPP was administered by oral gavage on Days 6 through 15 of gestation. Dose levels tested were 0,0.12, 1.25, and 3.12 mg/kg/day. The vehicle contained 21.5 Tween 80, 18.5% absolute ethanol, 37.5% 50 mM citrate buffer, and 22.5% distilled water. Fetuses were delivered by cesarean section on Day 20 and weighed, examined externally, ... |
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| Psychological Effects of Lasers on the Battlefield: Issues and Ideas |
SEP 87 |
19 pages |
| Authors:
George R. Mastroianni; Bruce E. Stuck; LETTERMAN ARMY INST OF RESEARCH PRESIDIO OF SAN FRANCISCO CA
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| Lasers are a new dimension in battlefield lethality. While we have a great deal to learn about the prevalence of laser injuries on the Airland Battlefield, it is probable that the injury rate will be substantial. Unlike physical effects, psychological effects of lasers result from exposure as well as the possibility of exposure (suppression). The rate of physical injury will be correlated with psychological exposure effects, but suppressive effects may ... |
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| The Blood Volume of the Guinea Pig: Effects of Epinephrine and Isoproterenol upon the Red Cell and Plasma Volumes, Heart Rate, and Mean Arterial Pressure |
SEP 87 |
|
| Authors:
Gregory A. Millnamow; LETTERMAN ARMY INST OF RESEARCH PRESIDIO OF SAN FRANCISCO CA
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| In the present study, the blood volume of the guinea pig was assessed by direct measures of Hct and dilution samples of autologous red blood cells labeled with sodium chromate. In addition, experimental measures were performed following the administration of the sympathomimetic catecholamine epinephrine to assess the potential influence of splenic mobilization of red cells upon the circulating mass. Doses were selected to elicit maximum contraction of the splenic smooth ... |
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| Pursuit Tracking Performance Decrements Associated with Decreasing Ambient Illumination |
AUG 87 |
|
| Authors:
Jerome W. Molchany; David A. Stamper; David J. Lund; LETTERMAN ARMY INST OF RESEARCH PRESIDIO OF SAN FRANCISCO CA
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| Reduction in ambient illumination alters one's ability to acquire and track moving targets. In this study we have attempted to describe the relationship between decreasing ambient illumination and pursuit tracking performance. Eight male volunteers used an optical tracking device to track targets at a constant angular velocity of 5 mrad/sec under bright and reduced ambient light levels was accomplished by inserting neutral density filters into the optics of the tracking ... |
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| Genotoxic Potential of Reactive-Polymer in the CHO HGPRT (Chinese Hamster Ovary Hypoxanthine-Quanine Phosphoribosyl Transferase) Forward Mutation Assay and CHO Sister Chromatid Exchange Assay |
AUG 87 |
16 pages |
| Authors:
John W. Harbell; Lillie D. Witcher; Don W. Korte Jr; LETTERMAN ARMY INST OF RESEARCH PRESIDIO OF SAN FRANCISCO CA
|
| Reactive-polymer and its component parts were tested for their abilities to induce forward mutations in the CHO HGPRT Forward Mutation Assay and to damage DNA as measured by the CHO Sister Chromatid Exchange Assay. All materials were tested over dose ranges to include cytotoxic and noncytotoxic doses. Neither reactive-polymer nor its components induced a significant rise in the mutant frequency in the CHO HGPRT assay or in the frequency of ... |
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| What's Wrong with the Wound Ballistics Literature, and Why |
JUL 1987 |
36 pages |
| Authors:
Martin L. Fackler; LETTERMAN ARMY INST OF RESEARCH PRESIDIO OF SAN FRANCISCO CA
|
| Attempts to explain wound ballistics (the study of effects on the body produced by penetrating projectiles) have succeeded in mystifying it. Fallacious research by those with little grasp of the fundamentals has been perpetuated by editors, reviewers, and other investigators with no better grasp of the subject. This report explains the projectile-tissue interaction and presents data showing the location of tissue disrupted by various projectiles. These tissue disruption data are ... |
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| Dermal Sensitization Potential of BALL POWDER (trade name) in Guinea Pigs |
JUL 87 |
|
| Authors:
Earl W. Morgan; John R. Ryabik; Don W. Korte Jr; LETTERMAN ARMY INST OF RESEARCH PRESIDIO OF SAN FRANCISCO CA
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| BALL POWDER was tested for its potential to produce sensitization via contact with the skin. Testing was performed on male guinea pigs. The Buehler Dermal Sensitization method was used. No evidence of dermal sensitization to BALL POWDER was obtained in this study. Keywords: Dermal Sensitization, Toxicology; Nitrocellulose; Buehler Test; Guinea Pigs; Ball powder propellants; ammunition; Small arms ammunition; 5.56 mm ammunition. |
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| The Metabolism of Nitroguanidine and Nitrosoguanidine by Rat Hepatic Subcellular Fractions |
JUL 87 |
|
| Authors:
Paul B. Simboli; Bert Ho; Don W. Korte Jr; LETTERMAN ARMY INST OF RESEARCH PRESIDIO OF SAN FRANCISCO CA
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| The metabolism of nitroguanidine (NG) and nitrosoguanidine (NsG) by rat hepatic subcellular fractions was examined. The microsomal fraction and 10, 000 x g supernatant from untreated and phenobarbital - treated animals and the 9,000 x g supernatant from Arochlor-induced rats were used for this study. The in vitro metabolism of substrate was measured by HPLC. The results indicate that neither NG nor NsG are metabolized by the hepatic subcellular fractions. ... |
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| The Quantitation of Pyridostigmine in Plasma by HPLC (High Pressure Liquid Chromatographic) |
JUL 87 |
|
| Authors:
John R. Ryabik; Bert Ho; LETTERMAN ARMY INST OF RESEARCH PRESIDIO OF SAN FRANCISCO CA
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| A normal-phase HPLC method utilizing ion-pair extraction for the quantitation of pyridostigmine in plasma is described. The limit of quantitation was 2 ng/ml plasma; intra-day precision with coefficient of variation (CV) of 1. 4% (50 ng/ml) and inter-day precision of 2.6% (50 ng/ml) were obtained. The method was designed for use in pharmacokinetic studies with the Rhesus monkey, but has been successfully adapted and applied to the analysis of plasma ... |
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| Primary Eye Irritation of Guanidine Hydrochloride in Rabbits |
JUL 87 |
32 pages |
| Authors:
Larry D. Brown; Thomas P. Kellner; Don W. Korte Jr; LETTERMAN ARMY INST OF RESEARCH PRESIDIO OF SAN FRANCISCO CA
|
| The primary eye irritation potential of guanidine hydrochloride was determined in male New Zealand White rabbits using a modified Draize method. The compound produced irritation in all animals tested. Signs of irritation were erythemaz and chemosis of the conjunctiva, iritis, and corneal lesions. These results indicate that guanidine hydrochloride should be classified as an ocular irritant. Keywords: Primary Eye Irritation, Guanidine Hydrochloride, Mammalian Toxicology ogy, Nitroguanidine, Munition, Explosives, Rabbit. ... |
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| Visual Input Requirements Relating to Pursuit Tracking Accuracy |
JUN 87 |
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| Authors:
Kenneth R. Bloom; Harry Zwick; LETTERMAN ARMY INST OF RESEARCH PRESIDIO OF SAN FRANCISCO CA
|
| The interaction between visual function and pursuit tracking performance was measured in 10 human volunteers who participated in three daily 1-hr sessions involving two target sizes (18 min arc & 6 min arc - 1 min arc = 0.28 mrad), two target intensities (photopic = 25 cd/sq m, mesopic = .76cd/sq.m, and two directions of horizontal target motion. Pursuit tracking performance was measured by a computerized video digitizing system, developed ... |
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| Effects of Atropine, 2-PAM, or Pyridostigmine in Euvolemic or Hemorrhagic Conscious Swine |
APR 87 |
|
| Authors:
C. E. Wade; P. P. Waring; D. S. Trail; B. F. Williams; G. D. Bonner; LETTERMAN ARMY INST OF RESEARCH PRESIDIO OF SAN FRANCISCO CA
|
| We investigated the effects of atropine, pralidoxime chloride (2-PAM) , or pyridostigmine on the physiological and metabolic responses to hemorrhagic hypotension in conscious swine. All treatments were evaluated in euvolemic and hemorrhaged animals (36 ml of blood/kg/over one hour). Hemorrhage reduced blood pressure by 58 mmHg and decreased plasma acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity by 18% in the control animals (n=6). Atropine injection increased heart rate similarly in hemorrhaged (n=6) and euvolemic ... |
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| Effects of Acute Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition by Pyridostigmine Bromide Injection in Euvolemic and Hypovolemic Conscious Swine |
APR 87 |
|
| Authors:
Charles E. Wade; P. P. Waring; D. S. Trail; B. F. Williams; G. D. Bonner; LETTERMAN ARMY INST OF RESEARCH PRESIDIO OF SAN FRANCISCO CA
|
| The effects of acute reduction of blood cholinesterase activity, induced by pyridostigmine bromide injection, on physiological and biochemical parameters were assessed in conscious swine with and without hemorrhagic hypotension. Pyridostigmine administration reduced red blood cell acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity by 61% with values returning to basal values within 3 hrs in both euvolemic and hypovolemic animals. In hypovolemic animals plasma AChE activity was reduced by 35% compared to 14% in euvolemic ... |
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| Atropine and Human Contrast Sensitivity Function |
APR 87 |
|
| Authors:
David M. Penetar; John J. Kearney; LETTERMAN ARMY INST OF RESEARCH PRESIDIO OF SAN FRANCISCO CA
|
| THe effects of one and two autoinjector equivalents of atropine sulfate (2 and 4 mg/70 kg im) on constant sensitivity were measured in eight male volunteers, ages 22 to 39 yr. Using an automated contrast sensitivity machine, volunteers were required to detect sinusoidal gratings of 0.5, 1.0, 3. 0, 6.0, 11.4, and 22.8 cycles per degree. At two hr after injection, no atropine effect was observed for any frequency. ... |
|
| Missile-Caused Wounds |
APR 87 |
29 pages |
| Authors:
Martin L. Fackler; LETTERMAN ARMY INST OF RESEARCH PRESIDIO OF SAN FRANCISCO CA
|
| Wound profiles made under controlled conditions in the wound ballistics laboratory using gelatin tissue simulant that has been calibrated against living animal soft tissue show the location along the tissue path and amount of both crush (permanent cavity) and stretch (temporary cavity) caused by the penetrating projectile. Characteristic wound profiles are presented for a variety of penetrating projectiles, including rifle, pistol, shotgun. The data on these profiles is used to ... |
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| Wounds and Injuries of the Soft Tissues |
APR 87 |
16 pages |
| Authors:
Martin L. Fackler; LETTERMAN ARMY INST OF RESEARCH PRESIDIO OF SAN FRANCISCO CA
|
| The projectile-tissue interaction has been explained and data showing the location of tissue disruption for various projectiles has been presented in the form of wound profiles. The major misconceptions in understanding of missile caused wounds and their treatment have been analyzed and their error exposed using wound profiles and other known data. Keywords: Gunshot wounds; Perforating wounds; High velocity missile; Military medicine; Kinetic energy transfer. |
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| A Multiple Dose Study of Oral Pyridostigmine in Swine |
MAR 87 |
|
| Authors:
C. E. Wade; P. P. Waring; D. S. Trail; B. F. Williams; G. D. Bonner; LETTERMAN ARMY INST OF RESEARCH PRESIDIO OF SAN FRANCISCO CA
|
| The hemodynamic, metabolic, and hormonal responses to pyridostigmine treatment were evaluated in immature swine(20.7 + or - 0.5 kg). Pyridostigmine bromide was administered orally three times per day at 60 mg per dose. Animals receiving treatment (n=12) were compared to a group with no treatment (n=14). After three days of treatment, plasma and erythrocyte cholinesterase activities were reduced by 31% and 47%, respectively. Blood gases, heart rate and blood pressure ... |
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| Atropine Effects on the Operation of the Tow Missile Launcher |
MAR 87 |
|
| Authors:
David M. Penetar; David A. Stamper; Jerome W. Molchany; LETTERMAN ARMY INST OF RESEARCH PRESIDIO OF SAN FRANCISCO CA
|
| The effects of one and two autoinjector equivalents of atropine sulfate (2 and 4 mg/70 kg im) were tested in eight volunteers, ages 22 to 39 yr. Drug effects on the volunteers were assessed on the basis of their ability to operate the Army's current infantry antitank weapon - the TOW missile launcher. Soldiers were required to optically track and manually maintain the cross hairs of the sights on a ... |
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| Alternative Methods for Measuring Vesicant Agent Action on Rabbit Skin |
FEB 87 |
18 pages |
| Authors:
Peter Schmid; June R. Jaeger; George J. Klain; John P. Hannon; Carol A. Bossone; LETTERMAN ARMY INST OF RESEARCH PRESIDIO OF SAN FRANCISCO CA
|
| Tissue damage to the skin of rabbits exposed to the vapors of butyl 2-chloroethyl sulfide was assessed by conventional means, by measuring the changes in water content of tissue, accumulation of Iodine 125-labelled albumin, and by changes in the signal from a laser Doppler instrument. The content of water and Iodine 125-labelled albumin in tissue significantly increases after exposure. Extravasation of red cells, as measured by a Chromium 51-labelling technique, ... |
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| Acetylcholinesterase Activity of Plasma and Erythrocytes during Hemorrhage in Conscious Swine |
JAN 87 |
|
| Authors:
C. E. Wade; P. P. Waring; V. L. Gildengorin; D. S. Trial; B. F. Williams; LETTERMAN ARMY INST OF RESEARCH PRESIDIO OF SAN FRANCISCO CA
|
| Plasma and erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase(AChE) activity changes in response to hemorrhage were studied in two groups of conscious immature swine (21 + or - 1 kg) 7 to 10 days after chronic implantation of arterial and venous catheters. One group was immobilized in a Pavlov sling, the other remained unrestrained in portable holding cages. The animals were hemorrhaged 36 ml/kg over 60 minutes and studied over another 120 minutes. Compared to ... |
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| Acetylchol Inesterase Activity of Plasma and Erythrocytes During Hemorrhage in Conscious Swine |
JAN 87 |
|
| Authors:
C. E. Wade; P. P. Waring; V. L. Gildengorin; D. S. Trail; B. F. Williams; LETTERMAN ARMY INST OF RESEARCH PRESIDIO OF SAN FRANCISCO CA
|
| Plasma and erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity changes in response to hemorrhage were studied in two groups of conscious immature swine (21 + or - 1 kg) 7 to 10 days after chronic implantation of arterial and venous catheters. One group (n=10) was immobilized in a Pavlov sling, the other (n=6) remained unrestrained in portable holding cages. The animals were hemorrhages 36 m1/kg over 60 minutes and studied over another 120 ... |
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| Life-Threatening Opioid Toxicity |
Jan 1987 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
William H Bickell; John D O'Benar; LETTERMAN ARMY INST OF RESEARCH PRESIDIO OF SAN FRANCISCO CA
|
| Opioids (natural and synthetic drugs with morphine-like actions) produce their primary toxic effects through an interaction with highly complex and integrated receptors in the central nervous system. This clinically results in miosis, altered mental status (ranging from clouding of consciousness to coma), and most importantly, ventilatory depression. The direct toxic effects of opiate drugs are readily reversible with the opioid antagonist naloxone. However, in the management of life- threatening opioid ... |
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| Determination of Shooting Distance from Deformation of the Recovered Bullet |
1987 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Martin L. Fackler; Steven D. Woychesin; John A. Malinowski; Paul J. Dougherty; Thomas L. Loveday; LETTERMAN ARMY INST OF RESEARCH PRESIDIO OF SAN FRANCISCO CA
|
| A method is reported for estimating shooting distance by comparing the amount of bullet deformation of a recovered bullet with that produced in a series of test bullets fired into 10% ordnance gelatin at 4 C. Bullet deformation and fragmentation pattern in this gelatin was previously found to be comparable to that seen in living animal muscle. Striking velocities of the test bullets were lowered stepwise until a test bullet ... |
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| Molecular Heterogeneity of Pyridoxalated-Polymerized Hemoglobin |
04 DEC 86 |
|
| Authors:
Gerald L. Moore; Mary E. Moore; Jerry A. Tillotson; LETTERMAN ARMY INST OF RESEARCH PRESIDIO OF SAN FRANCISCO CA
|
| The molecular heterogeneity of solutions of pyridoxalated polymerized hemoglobin has been examined in a stepwise manner by using high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), electrophoresis and incorporation of C14 pyridoxal phosphate. Starting hemoglobin contained several major and several minor protein components, all of which appear to be pyridoxalated, some perhaps multiple times. The subsequent polymerization of this mixture with glutaraldehyde produces an extremely heterogeneous mixture of distinct protein species. We estimate ... |
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| Effects of Phenyldichlorarsine on Macrophages and Endothelial Cells: A Preliminary Ultrastructural Study |
NOV 86 |
|
| Authors:
Michael P. Sarras Jr.; Steven T. Schuschereba; John W. Harbell; LETTERMAN ARMY INST OF RESEARCH PRESIDIO OF SAN FRANCISCO CA
|
| The cellular mechanisms involved in arsenical-induced vesication are discussed. To approach this problem, tissue culture studies were undertaken to correlate morphological alterations with previously reported changes in cell growth that are induced by phenyldichlorarsine (PDA), a monosubstituted trivalent arsenical. Changes in the morphology of human capillary endothelial cell cultures and RAW 264.7, an established line of mouse macrophage cells, were monitored by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Study results indicate ... |
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| Differential Effects of Glucagon, Insulin and Epinephrine on In Vivo Glucose Oxidation and Hepatic Enzyme Activity in the Rat |
OCT 86 |
|
| Authors:
George J. Klain; Robert H. Herman; LETTERMAN ARMY INST OF RESEARCH PRESIDIO OF SAN FRANCISCO CA
|
| In vivo oxidation of specifically labeled carbon 14-glucose and the activity of selected hepatic enzymes involved in glucose utilization were studied in rats after the administration of glucagon, insulin or epinephrine. Compared to the controls, glucagon doubled the oxidation of U-14C-glucose and enhanced the oxidation of 6-14C-glucose and 2-14C-glucose oxidation by about 83%, but did not affect oxidation of 1-14C-glucose. Administration of insulin enhanced oxidation of U-14C-glucose by 68%, 1-14C-glucose ... |
|
| Primary Dermal Irritation Potential of Trimethylolethane Trinitrate (TMETN) in Rabbits |
OCT 86 |
24 pages |
| Authors:
Earl W. Morgan; Don W. Korte Jr; LETTERMAN ARMY INST OF RESEARCH PRESIDIO OF SAN FRANCISCO CA
|
| The primary dermal irritation potential of trimethylolethane trinitrate (TMETN) was determined in male and female New Zealand White rabbits using a modified Draize method. The test compound was non-irritating. Very slight erythema was observed in 2 rabbits by 1/2 hour after dosing and in 4 rabbits at 24 hours after dosing. All rabbits had returned to normal by 48 hours after dosing. Neither edema nor any other recognizable skin reaction ... |
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| Reduced Hemorrhage Tolerance in Hyperthermic Conscious Pigs |
SEP 86 |
|
| Authors:
Berry F. Williams; Carol A. Bossone; Charles E. Wade; John P. Hannon; LETTERMAN ARMY INST OF RESEARCH PRESIDIO OF SAN FRANCISCO CA
|
| We evaluated the cardiovascular response to hemorrhage (38.5 ml/kg over 60 min) in conscious normothermic (n=8) and hyperthermic (40.4 + or - 0.4 C, mean SEM; n=5) Duroc Swine (18-25 kg); hyperthermia was defined as a rectal temperature exceeding the normal range, (39.7 + or - 1 C; n=35). Animals were surgically prepared with a carotid artery catheter splenectomized seven days prior to experiments. Measurements were made at 0, 10, ... |
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| Changes in Physiologic Variables in Response to Physical Restraint during Hemorrhage in Conscious Swine |
AUG 86 |
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| Authors:
Gary D. Bonner; Carol A. Bossone; Berry F. Williams; Diane S. Trail; Charles E. Wade; LETTERMAN ARMY INST OF RESEARCH PRESIDIO OF SAN FRANCISCO CA
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| Response to hemorrhage (38.5 ml/kg/60 min) were evaluated in chronically catheterized conscious pigs (20-25 kg) restrained in a portable holding cage, a squeeze cage , or a Pavlov sling. Before hemorrhage, heart rates of squeeze cage animals and sling animals were significantly higher than heart rates of holding cage pigs. Hemorrhage caused a further increase in heart rate in sling animals, but not in holding cage animals or squeeze cage ... |
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| Interaction of Phenyldichloroarsine with Biological Molecules |
AUG 86 |
26 pages |
| Authors:
Richard J. O'Connor; Evelyn L. McGown; Kilian Dill; LETTERMAN ARMY INST OF RESEARCH PRESIDIO OF SAN FRANCISCO CA
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| Carbon 14 -Phenyldichloroarsine (PDA) was used to study the binding of PDA to erythrocytes and stroma-free hemoglobin. Natural abundance Carbon 13- nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (Carbon 13-NMR) was used to study the binding of DPA to glutathione, meso-2,3-dimercaptossuccinic acid (DMSA), and British anti-Lewisite (BAL). The results clearly show that PDA penetrates the red cell and is contained within. Apparently hemoglobin is not the internal sulfhydryl-containing species that holds the DPA, ... |
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| Primary Dermal Irritation Potential of Nitroguanidine in Rabbits |
APR 86 |
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| Authors:
Earl W. Morgan; Steven K. Sano; Don W. Korte Jr; LETTERMAN ARMY INST OF RESEARCH PRESIDIO OF SAN FRANCISCO CA
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| Nitroguanidine, a primary component of US Army triple-base propellants, is now produced in a Government-owned contractor-operated ammunition plant. The US Army Bioengineering Research and Development Laboratory (USAMBRDL), as part of its mission to evaluate the enviromental and health hazards of military-unique pollutants generated by US Army munitions manufacturing, conducted a review of the nitroguanidine data base and identified significant gaps in the toxicity data. The primary dermal irritation potential of ... |
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| Nutrient Intake Evaluation of Male and Female Cadets at the United States Military Academy, West Point, New York |
APR 86 |
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| Authors:
M. J. Kretsch; P. M. Conforti; H. E. Sauberlich; LETTERMAN ARMY INST OF RESEARCH PRESIDIO OF SAN FRANCISCO CA
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| Nutrient intakes of male and female cadets were evaluated during the 1979-80 academic year as part of a study to determine factors contributing to weight gain in the West Point cadets. Five consecutive days of dietary data were collected from 136 males and 54 females using the diary-interview technique. Significant differences in total nutrient intake were found between sexes but not between classess. The mean daily energy intake was 3738 ... |
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| Nonselective Changes in Receptive Field Organization Induced by Laser Irradiation |
APR 86 |
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| Authors:
Harry Zwick; David O. Robbins; Timothy Westgate; LETTERMAN ARMY INST OF RESEARCH PRESIDIO OF SAN FRANCISCO CA
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| Receptive field organization of cells in the turtle optic tectum are complexly organized without evidence of traditional center surround relationships. Chromatic bleaching has been conventionally used as one means of depicting the absorption spectra of underlying photopigments and their retinal interactions. Exposure of these cells to laser radiation, however, did not produce obvious spectrally selective losses. Laser light differs from incoherent light in two fundamental ways: its narrower bandwidth and ... |
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| Rhesus Dynamic Visual Acuity |
APR 86 |
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| Authors:
Kenneth R. Bloom; Harry Zwick; LETTERMAN ARMY INST OF RESEARCH PRESIDIO OF SAN FRANCISCO CA
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| Rhesus dynamic visual acuity at target angular velocities from 0 degs/sec to173 degs/sec. Test stimuli consisted of negative contrast achromatic and chromatic Landolt Rings. Results indicate significant training effects. Improvement in acuity primarily occurred at velocities beyond the range of normal smooth pursuit eye movements (> 80-100 degs/sec). As with previous human studies, individual differences in rhesus dynamic visual acuity were observed. Chromatic dynamic visual acuity revealed wavelength specific functions ... |
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| Hemoglobin Solution Effects on the Heart: Review of 19 Research Reports |
APR 86 |
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| Authors:
D. H. Marks; LETTERMAN ARMY INST OF RESEARCH PRESIDIO OF SAN FRANCISCO CA
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| This paper reviews 19 articles, obtained by search of the medline file of MEDLARS database, concerning the effect of hemoglobin solutions on the myocardium. Myocardial function can be supported in the presence of stroma-free hemoglobin solution with some beneficial and some detrimental effects. Most researchers have noted decreased cardiac work, decreased aortic and left ventricular filling pressure, decreased mean left atrial pressure, improved cardiac index and increased stroke work without ... |
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