| A Novel Yeast Genomics Method for Identifying New Breast Cancer Susceptibility Genes |
MAY 2007 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
J. M. Brown; James A. Brown; LELAND STANFORD JUNIOR UNIV STANFORD CA
|
 | We are attempting to identify novel genes in the yeast S. cerevisiae that confer gross chromosomal instability (GCI) a hallmark of most breast cancers when deleted. Using a collection of yeast strains carrying the deletion of a unique open reading frame, we have transfected a yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) as a reporter for GCI frequency to determine the quantitative impact of the loss of each gene function. We have constructed ... |
|
| Imaging Primary Prostate Cancer and Bone Metastasis |
APR 2007 |
47 pages |
| Authors:
Xiaoyuan Chen; LELAND STANFORD JUNIOR UNIV STANFORD CA
|
| The overall objective of the proposed research is to develop positron emitter labeled bombesin (BBN) analogs with high affinity for the GRP receptor GRPR for microPET imaging of both androgen dependent and androgen independent prostate cancer xenografted mice. Specific Aims: (1) Design, synthesize, and characterize positron emitting bombesin analogs, labeled with copper-64 or fluorine-18; (2) Conduct in vitro studies of copper-64 and fluorine-18 labeled bombesin analogs to evaluate the effect ... |
|
| Development of Methodology to Maintain Primary Cultures of Normal and Malignant Human Prostatic Epihelial Cells in Vivo |
01 FEB 2007 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Donna M. Peehl; LELAND STANFORD JUNIOR UNIV STANFORD CA
|
| Our objective is to develop a realistic preclinical model of prostate cancer by developing methodology that supports the survival, growth and differentiation of primary cultures of prostate cells in mice. During Year 1, we focused on the method of implantation and the implantation site as the most critical elements in achieving this goal. In Year 2, we took into consideration growing evidence that stem cells are the only cells capable ... |
|
| Automated Patient Positioning Guided by Cone-Beam CT for Prostate Radiotherapy |
JAN 2007 |
37 pages |
| Authors:
Tianfang Li; LELAND STANFORD JUNIOR UNIV STANFORD CA
|
| Modern radiotherapy equipment is capable of delivering high precision conformal dose distributions to the target. However, the target localization especially for soft-tissue target such as prostate is an issue, because of its possible non-rigid internal motion relative to bony structures or external landmarks. Recently, a new technology of kilo-voltage cone-beam CT (CBCT) has been integrated with the linear accelerator treatment machine. Superior to the common approach based on the two ... |
|
| Molecular Mechanism for Prostate Cancer Resistance to the Anti-tumor Activity of Vitamin D |
NOV 2006 |
51 pages |
| Authors:
Larisa Nonn; LELAND STANFORD JUNIOR UNIV STANFORD CA
|
| The original purpose of this research, as proposed in the statement of work, was to determine the mechanism by which prostate cancer (PCa) cells become resistant to the anti-tumor activity of vitamin D. The proposal focused on a PCa-specific deficiency in a key vitamin D metabolizing enzyme, 1alpha-hydroxylase (1alphaOH). During the first year, we encountered unforeseen difficulties with one of the key techniques in the original proposal. Therefore we decided ... |
|
| Vitamin D-Prostaglandin Interactions and Effects in Prostate Cancer |
OCT 2006 |
50 pages |
| Authors:
Jacqueline Moreno; LELAND STANFORD JUNIOR UNIV STANFORD CA
|
| 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (calcitriol), the active form of vitamin D3 is a hormone with anti-proliferative and prodifferentiation effects in prostate cancer (PCa) cells. Our ultimate goal is to identify novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of PCa with calcitriol. Previous to this study, we have used cDNA microarray analysis of established human PCa cell lines identifying, among others, the regulation of genes implicated in prostaglandin (PG) bioactivity. PGs are implicated in ... |
|
| Selective Androgen Receptor Downregulators (SARDs): A New Prostate Cancer Therapy |
OCT 2006 |
27 pages |
| Authors:
Rumi S. Bhattacharyya; LELAND STANFORD JUNIOR UNIV STANFORD CA
|
| The androgen receptor (AR) plays a key role in the development and progression of prostate cancer. Targeting the AR for down-regulation would be a useful strategy for treating prostate cancer especially hormone-refractory or androgen independent prostate cancer (AIPO). In the present study we showed that the antiestrogen Fulvestrant (ICI 182,780, ICI) effectively suppressed AR expression in several human prostate cancer cells including androgen-independent cells. In LNCaP cells 101(10 microM) treatment ... |
|
| Alpha-v Integrin Targeted PET Imaging of Breast Cancer Angiogenesis and Low-Dose Metronomic Anti-Angiogenic Chemotherapy Efficacy |
Aug 2006 |
16 pages |
| Authors:
Xiaoyuan Chen; LELAND STANFORD JUNIOR UNIV STANFORD CA
|
| The overall objective of this project is to develop 18F-labeled RGD peptide derivatives for breast cancer imaging with prolonged tumor retention and improved in vivo kinetics to visualize and quantify alpha-v integrin expression and subsequently evaluate the metronomic anti-angiogenic chemotherapy efficacy on tumor regression necrosis and angiogenesis. Specific Aims: (1) To optimize 18F-labeled RGD peptide tracer for breast cancer imaging with prolonged tumor retention and improved in vivo kinetics. (2) ... |
|
| Exploring the Utility of ResearchCyc for Reasoning from Natural Language |
MAY 2006 |
17 pages |
| Authors:
Christopher Manning; Andrew Ng; LELAND STANFORD JUNIOR UNIV STANFORD CA
|
| This project investigated the potential for using ResearchCyc in natural language processing systems. The project focused particularly on natural language problems connected to sentence understanding, such as reading comprehension and robust textual inference. The project completed studies of the possibilities for using ResearchCyc knowledge for problems from this domain, it developed software for interaction between robust natural language processing systems and ResearchCyc, via its Java interface, and evaluated in a ... |
|
| Intensity Modulated Radiation Treatment of Prostate Cancer Guided by High Field MR Spectroscopic Imaging |
MAY 2006 |
229 pages |
| Authors:
Lei Xing; LELAND STANFORD JUNIOR UNIV STANFORD CA
|
| This Idea Award (DAMD17-03-1-0023, entitled "Intensity Modulated Radiation Treatment of Prostate Cancer Guided by High Field MR Spectroscopic Imaging") was awarded to the principal investigator (PI) for the period of May 1, 2003 - April 30, 2006. This is the final report for the grant. The goal of this project is to establish biologically conformal -- as opposed to anatomically conformal -- IMRT as a viable modality through integration with ... |
|
| Genomic and Expression Profiling of Benign & Malignant Nerve Sheath Tumors in Neurofibromatosis Patients |
MAY 2006 |
55 pages |
| Authors:
Matt van de Rijn; Torsten Nielsen; Brian Rubin; LELAND STANFORD JUNIOR UNIV STANFORD CA
|
| The goal of the study is to identify genes and pathways that are associated with the progression of neurofibroma to MPNST, and to identify potential therapeutic targets for MPNSTs. In the past year, to the existing 80 gene array data, we added an additional 23 tumor samples making to a total of 103 gene arrays. The analyses included 38 cases diagnosed as MPNSTs and 24 cases of neurofibromas. Our initial ... |
|
| PTEN Regulates Beta-Catenin in Androgen Signaling: Implication in Prostate Cancer Progression |
MAR 2006 |
33 pages |
| Authors:
Zijie Sun; LELAND STANFORD JUNIOR UNIV STANFORD CA
|
| The androgen-signaling pathway is essential in male sexual development and in normal and malignant prostate cell growth and survival. PI3K/Akt plays a critical role in prostate cancer cell growth and survival. Recent studies demonstrate that the effect of PI3K/Akt in prostate cells is mediated through androgen signaling. The PI3K inhibitor, LY294002, and a tumor suppressor, PTEN, negatively regulate the PI3K/Akt pathway and repress the androgen receptor (AR) activity. However, the ... |
|
| Magnetic Properties of Nanocrystals |
NOV 2005 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Kathryn A. Moler; LELAND STANFORD JUNIOR UNIV STANFORD CA
|
| This Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers (PECASE) award was instrumental in developing new technological capabilities to study nanomagnetism and superconductivity, two enabling technologies for future Air Force systems. Three distinct technological measurement capabilities were developed: variable-temperature cantilever torque magnetometry; variable-temperature magnetic force microscopy; and large-scan-area fast-turnaround Hall probe microscopy optimized for studying coated conductors. This report focuses on the second two capabilities and in particular on their ... |
|
| Molecular Mechanism for Prostate Cancer Resistance to the Anti-Tumor Activity |
NOV 2005 |
44 pages |
| Authors:
Larisa Nonn; LELAND STANFORD JUNIOR UNIV STANFORD CA
|
| The original purpose of this research, as proposed in the statement of work, was to determine the mechanism by which prostate cancer (PCa) cells become resistant to the anti-tumor activity of vitamin D. The proposal focused on a PCa-specific deficiency in a key vitamin D metabolizing enzyme, 1alpha-hydroxylase (1alphaOH). We encountered unforeseen difficulties with one of the key techniques in the original proposal. Therefore we decided to focus on vitamin ... |
|
| Vitamin D-Prostaglandin Interactions and Effects on Prostate Cancer |
OCT 2005 |
61 pages |
| Authors:
Jacqueline Moreno; LELAND STANFORD JUNIOR UNIV STANFORD CA
|
| Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer death in North American men [1]. According to the American Cancer Society more than 232,000 men will be diagnosed with PCa in 2005 and approximately 10% of these men will die of the disease [1]. Primary therapy for PCa involves the removal of the prostate by surgery or radiation therapy. Unfortunately, after initial treatment ... |
|
| Large Eddy Simulation of Turbulent Combustion |
OCT 2005 |
32 pages |
| Authors:
Heinz Pitsch; LELAND STANFORD JUNIOR UNIV STANFORD CA
|
| In the first part of this work, new models for describing sub-grid quantities in reactive LES settings were developed. These models included a new model for the sub-filter variance of a conserved scalar, a new method of filtering the G-equation, a resolution-sensitive description of the turbulent burning velocity, and a flamelet formulation valid near premixed fronts. The models were shown to offer improved predictive capability through application to experimental flames. ... |
|
| Alpha-V Integrin Targeted PET Imagining of Breast Cancer Angiogenesis and Lose-Dose Metronomic Anti-Angiogenic Chemotherapy Efficacy |
AUG 2005 |
94 pages |
| Authors:
Xiaoyuan Chen; LELAND STANFORD JUNIOR UNIV STANFORD CA
|
| The overall objective of this project is to develop I 18F-labeled RGD peptide derivatives for breast cancer imaging with prolonged tumor retention and improved in vivo kinetics to visualize and quantify av-integrin expression and subsequently evaluate the metronomic anti angiogenic chemotherapy efficacy on tumor regression, necrosis, and angiogenesis. Specific Aims: (1) To optimize 18F-labeled RGD peptide tracer for breast cancer imaging with prolonged tumor retention and improved in vivo kinetics. ... |
|
| Intensity Modulated Radiation Treatment of Prostate Cancer Guided by High Field MR Spectroscopic Imaging |
MAY 2005 |
186 pages |
| Authors:
Lei Xing; LELAND STANFORD JUNIOR UNIV STANFORD CA
|
| With the development of computer controlled multileaf collimators, IMRT now provides unprecedented means for us to deliver 3D-dose distributions with sub-centimeter resolution. Simultaneously, MRSI is capable of noninvasively providing critically needed 3D metabolic and physiological information. Together with anatomical CT/MRI, functional imaging affords valuable 4D data (3D structural plus 1D metabolic). A timely issue is how to integrate the metabolic/functional data into IMRT planning to improve clinical prostate cancer management. ... |
|
| Development of a Novel Tissue slice Culture Model of Human Prostate Cancer |
FEB 2005 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
Donna M. Peehl; LELAND STANFORD JUNIOR UNIV STANFORD CA
|
| This project achieved all of its goals. Preparation of prostate tissue slices was optimized by a variety of technological improvements. Optimal culture conditions were identified for the maintenance of structure and function of cultured tissue slices for at least 48 hours. The requirement for androgen to maintain the secretory epithelium in cultured tissue slices was demonstrated. The effects of a number of clinically relevant compounds on gene expression, protein expression, ... |
|
| Studies of Electromagnetically Induced Transparency and Its Relation to Nonlinear Optics |
DEC 2004 |
20 pages |
| Authors:
S. E. Harris; LELAND STANFORD JUNIOR UNIV STANFORD CA
|
| This report summarizes our work on the use of electromagnetically induced transparency to make new types of optical devices. Key accomplishments during this program period include the generation of the first single-cycle optical pulse and the development of a radiation source with four octaves of bandwidth. In a second area of work we have demonstrated nonlinear optical processes at the lowest photon flux ever used. |
|
| Materials Science and Materials Physics in Support of High Temperature Superconducting Coated Conductor Development |
DEC 2004 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
M. R. Beasley; A. Kapitulnik; T. H. Geballe; LELAND STANFORD JUNIOR UNIV STANFORD CA
|
| High-temperature superconducting conductors for power application have been identified as a critical enabling technology for future Air Force systems. Work on the materials science and factors limiting current carry capacity of 123 YBCO coated conductor materials are reported. A new model of the high-rate electron-beam coevaporation of 123 YBCO has been developed based on our experiments. It now appears that the process involves an amorphous precursor that is subsequently oxidized. ... |
|
| Multiple Aperture Radiation Therapy (MART) for Breast Cancer |
NOV 2004 |
38 pages |
| Authors:
Zhenyu Shou; LELAND STANFORD JUNIOR UNIV STANFORD CA
|
| This postdoctoral fellowship grant (DAMD 17-03-1-0657, entitled "Multiple Aperture Radiation Therapy for Breast Cancer") was awarded to the principal investigator (PI) for the period of Nov. 1, 2003- Oct. 31, 2005. This is the annual report for the first funding period (Nov. 1, 2003-Oct. 31, 2004). The goal of this project is to develop a novel technique, Multiple Aperture Radiation Therapy (MART), as a candidate modality for treating breast cancer. ... |
|
| Beam Delivery Verification for Modulated Electron Radiation Therapy Treatment of Breast Cancer |
AUG 2004 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Maxime Ponineau; Arthur L. Boyer; LELAND STANFORD JUNIOR UNIV STANFORD CA
|
| Aperture-based optimization is designed to reduce the complexity of Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) treatment plans and is flexible enough to easily include delivery-related effects. In particular, aperture optimization requires no leaf sequencing and apertures are guaranteed to satisfy delivery constraints. It is therefore a promising alternative to beamlet-based IMRT. In this work, the authors considered a method of contour-based treatment planning in which, unlike in Direct Aperture Optimization (DAO), ... |
|
| Genomic and Expression Profiling of Benign and Malignant Nerve Sheath Tumors in Neurofibromatosis Patients |
MAY 2004 |
66 pages |
| Authors:
Matt VAN De Rijin; Torsten Nielsen; Brian Rubin; LELAND STANFORD JUNIOR UNIV STANFORD CA
|
| The goal of this project is to identify genes involved in the malignant transformation of neurofibromas to malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors using expression profiling and array-based comparative genomic hybridization. The significance of the genes will be validated on much larger numbers of cases using antibodies and in situ hybridization probes on tissue microarrays (TMAs). Genes will be further studied in in vitro experiments using cell lines from nerve sheath ... |
|
| Research Studies on Electromagnetically Induced Transparency |
APR 2004 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Stephen E. Harris; LELAND STANFORD JUNIOR UNIV STANFORD CA
|
| The final report describes progress in the use of electromagnetically induced transparency for the realization of new types of nonlinear interactions and processes. We have worked in two areas: (1) The generation of femtosecond pulses by phased and anti-phased molecular states and the use of this radiation for new types of physical processes, and (2) The demonstration of elementary nonlinear optical processes at low-light-levels. Highlights of the work on this ... |
|
| PTEN Regulates Beta-Catenin in Androgen Signaling: Implication in Prostate Cancer Progression |
MAR 2004 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Zijie Sun; LELAND STANFORD JUNIOR UNIV STANFORD CA
|
| Observations from androgen ablation treatment of prostate cancer have shown that the androgen-signaling pathway is important in the growth and progression of prostate cancer. The growth-promoting effects of androgen are mediated mostly through the androgen receptor (AR). P13K/Akt plays a critical role in prostate cancer cell growth and survival. It has been shown that the effect of P13K/Akt in prostate cells is mediated through androgen signaling. The PI3K inhibitor, LY294002, ... |
|
| Development of a Novel Tissue Slice Culture Model of Human Prostate Cancer |
FEB 2004 |
18 pages |
| Authors:
Donna M. Peehl; LELAND STANFORD JUNIOR UNIV STANFORD CA
|
| In year 2, we have improved methods of reproducibly obtaining prostate tissue cores for tissue slice culture, of trimming the block face of fixed and embedded tissue slice cultures so as not to lose tissue for analysis, and have tested a number of fixation methods for optimum preservation of antigenicity. We have added additional antibodies to our repertoire to evaluate maintainence of structure and function of tissue slice cultures. Clinically ... |
|
| Beam Delivery Verification for Modulated Electron Radiation Therapy Treatment of Breast Cancer |
AUG 2003 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
Maxime Ponineau; Arthur L. Boyer; LELAND STANFORD JUNIOR UNIV STANFORD CA
|
| Detecting and monitoring cellular and molecular changes associated with cancer are essential to the verification of cancer treatment. In this investigation we show that modulated electron radiation therapy can in principle conform a region of high dose to a volume of malignant breast tissue. Currently available means to both measure the malignant volume and record progression of its response to radiation are limited. We therefore chose to explore another means ... |
|
| Combining Electron With Intensity Modulated Photon Beams for Breast Cancer |
JUL 2003 |
185 pages |
| Authors:
Lei Xing; LELAND STANFORD JUNIOR UNIV STANFORD CA
|
| A hybrid breast cancer treatment technique using electron and intensity modulated photon was developed. The technique took advantage of the useful features of the two types of beams and showed significant promise to improve the current breast irradiation technique. Technically, the weight of the electron beam and the fluence profiles of the IMRT beams were optimized simultaneously with the goal of generating a uniform composite dose distribution in the target ... |
|
| Development of a Novel Tissue Slice Culture Model of Human Prostate Cancer |
FEB 2003 |
16 pages |
| Authors:
Donna M. Peehl; LELAND STANFORD JUNIOR UNIV STANFORD CA
|
| Our goal is to develop a new in vitro model of human prostate cancer. Available models do not faithfully replicate prostate cancer in situ and therefore activities of experimental drugs in these models do not accurately predict clinical efficacy. We are developing "tissue slice culture". Extremely thin slices of fresh tissue are prepared and placed into culture. If conditions are optimal, these slices retain their appropriate structure and functions, providing ... |
|
Reports by Corporate Author
