HUMAN FACTORS RESEARCH INST TNO SOESTERBERG (NETHERLANDS)

Tele-Presence: Bringing the Operator Back in the Loop

JUN 2006

Authors: van Erp Jan B.; Maaike Duistermaat; Chris Jansen; Eric Groen; Marieka Hoedemaeker; HUMAN FACTORS RESEARCH INST TNO SOESTERBERG (NETHERLANDS)

The full text of this report is not available and therefore is not for sale. This information is provided for reference purposes only.

The importance of uninhabited vehicles in military environments has been recognised for many years. Much progress has been made in fields such as robotics and data communications, but not so much on the human factors issues. This is partly due to the trend to strive for ever higher levels of system autonomy, leaving the operator the task of supervising the system. However, by increasing system automation, the cognitive system of ...

TNO Human Factors - The Netherlands

01 DEC 2005

Authors: Nico Delleman; HUMAN FACTORS RESEARCH INST TNO SOESTERBERG (NETHERLANDS)

TNO Human Factors distinguishes the following areas of interest as regards augmented, mixed, and virtual environments for intuitive human-system interaction: mixed and virtual environmental operations, tele-operations, command & control, and wearable augmented technology. The article lists key research personnel, current research projects, a selection of literature by affiliated researchers, and laboratory facilities available.

Assessment and Standardization of Personal Hearing Protection including Active Noise Reduction

01 JUN 2005

Authors: Herman J. Steeneken; HUMAN FACTORS RESEARCH INST TNO SOESTERBERG (NETHERLANDS)

The performance of passive hearing protection is normally quantified by the sound attenuation or insertion loss (IL). The IL allows prediction of the noise level at the eardrum for a given ambient noise spectrum. A subjective test (with test-signal levels at the threshold of hearing) is normally used to measure the sound attenuation. Active noise reduction requires a different assessment method. Due to self-noise and level dependency, assessment methods operating ...

Auditory Tests for the Early Detection of Noise-Susceptible Individuals - A Literature Study

APR 2005

Authors: Joos Vos; HUMAN FACTORS RESEARCH INST TNO SOESTERBERG (NETHERLANDS)

As a result of noisy military systems and the limited applicability of personal hearing protection, there continues to be a high incidence of noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) among military personnel. One of the ways to reduce the adverse effects of noise, such as a decreased hearing acuity and a noticeable reduction in the ability to understand speech in noisy conditions, might be the selection of persons who are less susceptible ...

Supporting Observers During Distributed Team Training- The Development of a Mobile Evaluation System

APR 2004

Authors: Marcel P. VAN Berlo; Annemarie M. Hiemstra; Wytze Hoekstra; HUMAN FACTORS RESEARCH INST TNO SOESTERBERG (NETHERLANDS)

Distributed team training, often in joint settings, is becoming more and more important in the military training today. As the teams and training staff are not physically on the same location, special attention should be paid to performance measurement and feedback. The question is what should be measured in distributed training and how the training staff should be supported in doing this. This paper describes a mobile performance measurement and ...

Augmenting Camera Images for Operators of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

OCT 2003

Authors: Hans Veltman; Arjen Oving; HUMAN FACTORS RESEARCH INST TNO SOESTERBERG (NETHERLANDS)

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) do not have pilots on board, but operators are very important for the control of the system during operation. Due to a high level of automation, steering of the platform has become relatively easy and most often UAVs follow pre-programmed waypoints. However, manual camera steering is often required. To control the camera, a steering signal from a control station is sent to the camera. The camera ...

The Cause of Spatial Disorientation

FEB 2003

Authors: Jelte E. Bos; Willem Bles; Ruud J. Hosman; Eric L. Groen; HUMAN FACTORS RESEARCH INST TNO SOESTERBERG (NETHERLANDS)

We here present a model including visual-vestibular interactions describing the basic properties of the human spatial orientation system. It hence also explains and describes spatial disorientation. The model indicates that spatial orientation should at least be charactered by four variables: linear acceleration and velocity, angular velocity, and attitude. Perception of the latter is part of the subjective vertical. Due to visual-vestibular interactions at different levels, these variables are partly independent, ...

Spatial Disorientation Demonstration in the Netherlands

FEB 2003

Authors: Eric Groen; Bernd de Graaf; Willem Bles; Jelte Bos; Frank Kooi; HUMAN FACTORS RESEARCH INST TNO SOESTERBERG (NETHERLANDS)

In this paper we give an outline of the ground course on spatial disorientation that TNO Human Factor provides for military student aviators of the Royal Netherlands Airforce. During this one-day course a variety of laboratory equipment is used to let students experience and understand different disorienting phenomena and to make them aware of the peculiarities and limits of their sensory systems. With these demonstrations students learn in what situations ...

Motion Sickness When Driving With a Head-Slaved Camera System

FEB 2003

Authors: A. B. Oving; J. B. van Erp; E. Schaap; HUMAN FACTORS RESEARCH INST TNO SOESTERBERG (NETHERLANDS)

In a field experiment, we examined motion sickness incidence when driving with a head-slaved camera system. More specifically, we looked at the contribution to motion sickness of visual feedback on head roll and of stereoscopic view with the head-slaved camera system. The system was capable of motion in all three rotational degrees-of-freedom (DOFs). In the experiment, twelve subjects drove a car around a closed circuit in four different viewing conditions. ...

Tactile Torso Display as Countermeasure to Reduce Night Vision Goggles Induced Drift

FEB 2003

Authors: Jan B. VAN Erp; J. A. Veltman; H. A. van Veen; A. B. Oving; HUMAN FACTORS RESEARCH INST TNO SOESTERBERG (NETHERLANDS)

The degraded visual information when hovering with Night Vision Goggles may induce drift that is not noticed by the pilot. We tested the possibilities of counteracting these effects by using a tactile torso display. The display consisted of 64 vibro-tactile elements and presented information on the desired direction of notion only (simple version), or also included information on the current motion direction (complex version). The participants flew in a fixed-base ...

Perceptual Optimization of Fused 3D Color Night Vision

05 JUL 2002

Authors: Alex Toet; HUMAN FACTORS RESEARCH INST TNO SOESTERBERG (NETHERLANDS)

This report results from a contract tasking TNO Human Factors Institute as follows: The contractor will analyze low-light visible, uncooled long-wave infrared, and laser radar imagery showing vehicles and men deployed in military relevant nighttime scenarios, both in the open and in the trees, during nighttime conditions. The contractor will perform assess the relevant features in multiple image modalities. An optimal image fusion scheme will then be developed which combines ...

Somato-Vestibular Interactions Regarding Spatial (Dis)orientation

08 FEB 2002

Authors: Jelte E. Bos; HUMAN FACTORS RESEARCH INST TNO SOESTERBERG (NETHERLANDS)

This report results from a contract tasking TNO Human Factors as follows: The contractor will investigate, and model somatosensory-vestibular interactions such that quantitative predictions on aerospace vehicle attitude perception can be made. Emphasis will be made on modeling situations relevant to high-performance aircraft. The final product will be a TNO Technical Report or draft paper for publication.

Visual-Vestibular Interactions and Spatial (Dis)Orientation in Flight and Flight Simulation

07 FEB 2002

Authors: Jelte E. Bos; R. J. Hosman; W. Bles; HUMAN FACTORS RESEARCH INST TNO SOESTERBERG (NETHERLANDS)

This report results from a contract tasking TNO Human Factors as follows: The contractor will investigate, and model visual-vestibular interactions such that quantitative predictions on aerospace vehicle attitude perception can be made. Emphasis will be made on modeling situations relevant to high-performance aircraft. The final product will be a TNO Technical Report or draft paper for publication.

Appropriate Use of Virtual Environments to Minimise Motion Sickness

01 MAR 2001

Authors: Willem Bles; Alexander H. Wertheim; HUMAN FACTORS RESEARCH INST TNO SOESTERBERG (NETHERLANDS)

With the current fast rate of technological developments and the high requirements for training with sophisticated apparatus, the military has become more and more involved in working with simulators. The term simulator" here means: a systems that has the potential to create sensations of passive or active self movement in a simulated environment. This definition of the term simulator" not only applies to the traditional flight simulators both with and ...

Tactile Displays in Virtual Environments

01 MAR 2001

Authors: Jan B. VAN Erp; HUMAN FACTORS RESEARCH INST TNO SOESTERBERG (NETHERLANDS)

Virtual Reality (VR) technology allows the user to perceive and experience sensory contact with a non- physical world A complete Virtual Environment (VE) will provide this contact in all sensory modalities. However even state-off-the-art VEs are often restricted to the visual modality only. The use of the tactile modality might not only result in an increased immersion but may also enhance performance An example that will be discussed in this ...

UAV Operations using Virtual Environments

01 MAR 2001

Authors: Jan B. VAN Erp; Leo van Breda; HUMAN FACTORS RESEARCH INST TNO SOESTERBERG (NETHERLANDS)

In virtual environments (VE) the limited field of view, the lack of information on viewing direction and possible transmission delays may be considered as potential problems in developing and maintaining a good sense of situation awareness. Enabling unmanned air vehicle (UAV) operators to use high quality (proprioceptive) information on (changes in) viewing direction by introducing a head-slaved camera system with head-slaved display (HMD) may improve situation awareness compared to using ...

How Real are Virtual Environments: A Validation of Localization, Manipulation and Design Performance

01 NOV 2000

Authors: Peter Werkhoven; HUMAN FACTORS RESEARCH INST TNO SOESTERBERG (NETHERLANDS)

Immersive simulation techniques such as Virtual Environments (VE) can revolutionize human factors engineering and training projects provided that they are carefully validated. Is human performance in the virtual world the same as in the real world? When visual aspects perceived on a virtual ship differ from those perceived on a real ship, human factors engineering studies may yield non-optimal designs When interactions with virtual worlds are not natural, training may ...

Interaction of Individual and Team Performance in Ship Command Centres

01 NOV 2000

Authors: Peter J. Essens; HUMAN FACTORS RESEARCH INST TNO SOESTERBERG (NETHERLANDS)

An assessment of a fully operational command centre performing under high pressures in information load, time stress and cognitive complexity has shown that in particularly, four factors play a crucial role: individual information processing, team management, communication load and the distribution of tasks. It is concluded that individual processes and team processes compete with each other. If individuals are getting loaded then first those tasks will be dropped that are ...

A Research Framework for Command Centre Teams

01 NOV 2000

Authors: Peter C. Rasker; Wilfried M. Post; HUMAN FACTORS RESEARCH INST TNO SOESTERBERG (NETHERLANDS)

The effectiveness of a command centre largely depends on the effectiveness of the team that keeps it going. This paper describes a framework of five research methods to investigate command centre teams. These methods comprise modelling, observing, experimentation, design, and evaluation. Modelling implies breaking up a whole human-human-machine system into essential elements. It is an analysis resulting in a clear description of the system. Observation is needed to identify possible ...

SmartStaff: A Support Concept for Staff Planning

01 NOV 2000

Authors: Wilfried M. Post; Pieter Hamaker; HUMAN FACTORS RESEARCH INST TNO SOESTERBERG (NETHERLANDS)

A new concept has been evaluated to support decision making in teams. The concept encompasses a shared representation and interactive use of planning information in a team environment, and consists of individual workplaces, generation and representation of ideas, and shared interactive large screen displays. This so-called SmartStaff concept has been evaluated during a simulated operation by the Task Group Staff of the Royal Netherlands Navy. By means of questionnaires the ...

Interface Concepts for Command & Control Tasks

01 NOV 2000

Authors: Jan H. VAN Delft; Peter O. Passenier; HUMAN FACTORS RESEARCH INST TNO SOESTERBERG (NETHERLANDS)

This paper addresses new interface concepts for information visualisation and manipulation in Command and Control. These concepts focus on the use of multiple views on the tactical situation to enhance situational awareness and to improve situation assessment. Topics covered include the application of 3D perspective and stereoscopic displays.

Speech Recognition of Non-Native Speech Using Native and Non-Native Acoustic Models

AUG 2000

Authors: David A. van Leeuwen; Rosemary Orr; HUMAN FACTORS RESEARCH INST TNO SOESTERBERG (NETHERLANDS)

A speech recognition system is subjected to the speech of non-native speakers, using both native and non-native acoustic phone models. The problems involved with the mapping of phone set from the non- native to native language are investigated, and a detailed analysis of phone confusions is made. For Dutch speakers, British English acoustic models give the best word recognition results.

Speech Intelligibility of Native and Non-Native Speech

AUG 2000

Authors: Sander J. van Wijngaarden; HUMAN FACTORS RESEARCH INST TNO SOESTERBERG (NETHERLANDS)

The intelligibility of speech is known to be lower if the talker is non-native instead of native for the given language. This study is aimed at quantifying the overall degradation due to acoustic-phonetic limitations of non- native talkers of Dutch, specifically of Dutch-speaking Americans who have lived in the Netherlands 1-3 years. Experiments were performed using phoneme intelligibility and sentence intelligibility tests, using additive noise as a means of degrading ...

Cognitive and Sensory Limitations With Ageing

AUG 2000

Authors: J. B. Riemersma; HUMAN FACTORS RESEARCH INST TNO SOESTERBERG (NETHERLANDS)

Demographic developments, characterized by ungreening' and greying' of the population at the same time, necessitate the reconsidering of early retirement schemes in general and possible those of military professionals as well. Keeping people in the services at older ages asks for continued training and education as the only way to keep people fit for the jobs and to prevent that their skills and knowledge become obsolete. Training and education has ...

Controlling Unmanned Vehicles: the Human Factors Solution

APR 2000

Authors: Jan B. VAN Erp; HUMAN FACTORS RESEARCH INST TNO SOESTERBERG (NETHERLANDS)

Recent developments and experiences have proven the usefulness and potential of Unmanned Vehicles (UVs). Emerging technologies enable new missions, broadening the applicability of UVs from simple remote spies towards unmanned combat vehicles carrying lethal weapons. However, despite the emerging technology, unmanned does not implicate that there is no operator involved. Humans still excel in certain tasks, e.g. tasks requiring high flexibility or tasks that involve pattern perception, and decision making. ...

Stappenplan voor de Behoeftestelling voor GOLMen (Development and Needs Statement for Advanced Training Systems)

16 MAR 2000

Authors: D. M. Verstegen; Y. F Barnard; A. Van Der Hulst; A. A. Sabel; HUMAN FACTORS RESEARCH INST TNO SOESTERBERG (NETHERLANDS)

This report describes the work of workpackage 3 of the project "GOLM- ontwikkeling", a project about the development of a needs statement for advanced training systems for the Dutch Army. Based on the analysis of available (theoretical and empirical) knowledge and discussions with domain experts a methodology has been developed. This methodology will lead users step by step through the process of developing a needs statement, based ...

Points of Departure for Future Maritime Command and Control: Human and Organisational Factors

06 MAR 2000

Authors: P. J. Essens; J. H. van Delft; HUMAN FACTORS RESEARCH INST TNO SOESTERBERG (NETHERLANDS)

For the Royal Netherlands Navy a research program is initiated - the Command Study - to develop and analyse new concepts of command and control on board of a naval platform with a view to future operational and task requirements and reduced manning. As a first approach a vision was developed and related critical issues were identified. The vision is that new ways of command can ...

De effecten van monoculaire en binoculaire helderheidsversterkers op hetrijgedrag en comfort. (The Effects of Monocular and Binocular Nightvision Devices on Driving Behaviour and Comfort)

22 NOV 1999

Authors: W. VanWinsum; F. L. Kooi; HUMAN FACTORS RESEARCH INST TNO SOESTERBERG (NETHERLANDS)

Under contract of the Royal Dutch Army, a field experiment was conducted in which night-time driving with monocular and binocular night vision goggles (NVGs) was tested in rough terrain. The effects of the NVGs was tested on driving behavior and on various aspects of comfort. The results give answer to a number of questions that were raised concerning the optimal configuration of NVGs while driving ...

Realization of a Visual Surveillance System Used by Manoeuvres at Night, on the Combat Range ISK de Harskamp"

11 FEB 1998

Authors: J. Varkevisser; A. Everts; HUMAN FACTORS RESEARCH INST TNO SOESTERBERG (NETHERLANDS)

The combat range at the infantry school ISK de Harakamp" in The Netherlanda is used to train soldiers to cross a terrain with obstacles under live firing 1.5 m above the ground) and TNT explosions. The exercise is under control of combat training personnel who view the range from two control towers and three firing units. The control crew operate the equipment on the range, set off the TNT explosions, ...

Report on the Evaluation Results of the Course "Mechanic Undercarriage Leopard 2"

14 JAN 1998

Authors: G. J. Veldhuis; Y. F. Barnard; J. C. G. M. van Rooij; HUMAN FACTORS RESEARCH INST TNO SOESTERBERG (NETHERLANDS)

This report describes the background, the construction and application of a methodology to evaluate technical training. A literature search was executed to investigate, among other things, the characteristics of technical work and technical training, and problems related to the transfer of training. Based on the results a method to evaluate technical training was constructed. The methodology was tried out by evaluating the course for the mechanical engineers for the under ...

Remotely Controlled Flying Aided by a Head-Slaved Camera and HMD

08 DEC 97

Authors: S. C. DE Vries; P. Padmos; HUMAN FACTORS RESEARCH INST TNO SOESTERBERG (NETHERLANDS)

Military use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) is gaining importance. Video cameras in these devices are often operated with joysticks and their image is displayed on a CRT. In this experiment, the simulated camera of a simulated UAV was slaved to the operator's head movements and displayed using a Helmet Mounted Display (HMD). The task involved manoeuvring a UAV along a winding course marked by trees. ...

Training with Simulated Team Members (Trainen met Gesimuleerde Teamieden)

13 NOV 1997

Authors: D. M. Verstegen; HUMAN FACTORS RESEARCH INST TNO SOESTERBERG (NETHERLANDS)

A task is labelled as a team task when people have to conduct a task that each of them could not have done alone. Team tasks consists of three components: 1. The individual tasks of the team members;2. The cooperation and coordination between team members;and 3. The motivation and attitudes of the team members. These components are vital for team performance and should therefore also be addressed during the training ...

Development of a Generic Didactic Model for Simulator Training

07 NOV 97

Authors: M. L. van Emmerik; W. R. van Joolingen; J. C. van Rooij; HUMAN FACTORS RESEARCH INST TNO SOESTERBERG (NETHERLANDS)

With advances in simulation technology, simulators are increasingly used as a medium for training and instruction. This report contains a description of a proposal for a research project aimed at the development of a generic didactic model for training simulators; notably as it applies to learning requisite skills for performing high-performance tasks. A didactic model specifies the relation between learning, and training and instruction ...

Crosstraining and Team Performance Further Investigation (Crosstraining en teamprestatie: een nadere verkenning)

26 SEP 97

Authors: A. M. Schaafstal; M. J. Bots; HUMAN FACTORS RESEARCH INST TNO SOESTERBERG (NETHERLANDS)

An experiment is described in which the effects of three different methods for crosstraining on team performance and communication within teams are examined. The methods for crosstraining differ in information contents about the tasks, activities and informational needs of the other team members. They were developed with the aim of answering the following questions: (a) Will practice in the tasks of other team members lead to better communication strategies and ...

Team Training vs. Team Building and Cooperative Learning: Defining the Field of Research (Team training vs team building en cooperatief leren: afbakening van het onderzoeksterrein)

19 SEP 97

Authors: M. P. Van Berio; HUMAN FACTORS RESEARCH INST TNO SOESTERBERG (NETHERLANDS)

Training is one of the factors influencing the effectiveness of teams. The concept team training, however, is often confused with the concept team building. Although the ultimate goal of both team training and team building is the same, there are considerable differences between the two. Also, team training is wrongly conceived of as cooperative learning. Again, there are similarities, but distinctions as well. In this report the differences and similarities ...

A Proposal for Research on a Methodology for Developing Team Training Systems

19 SEP 1997

Authors: M. P. W. VAN Berio; HUMAN FACTORS RESEARCH INST TNO SOESTERBERG (NETHERLANDS)

Despite the acknowledgment of the importance of team performance and team training, relatively few endeavors have been undertaken to actually train teams in a systematic way. A possible explanation could be that there is not yet a methodology to guide the instructional developers and trainers in designing, executing, and evaluating team training systems. The research question to be answered in this study is which guidelines should be included in a ...

A Field Study on the Development of Team Training Systems (Een veldstudie naar de ontwikkeling van team training)

16 SEP 1997

Authors: M. P. VAN Berlo; HUMAN FACTORS RESEARCH INST TNO SOESTERBERG (NETHERLANDS)

Despite the acknowledgment of the importance of team performance and team training, relatively few endeavors have been undertaken to train teams in a systematic way excepting Crew Resource Management training). A possible explanation could be that there is no methodology to guide the instructional developers and trainers in designing, executing and evaluating team training systems. To ascertain which guidelines should be included in a methodology supporting the systematic development of ...

Seeing Is Believing: Communication Performance under Isotropic Teleconferencing Conditions

23 JUL 1997

Authors: P. J. Werkhoven; P. A. Punte; J. M. Schraagen; E. R. Spoelma; HUMAN FACTORS RESEARCH INST TNO SOESTERBERG (NETHERLANDS)

The visual component of conversational media such as video- conferencing systems communicates important non-verbal information such as facial expressions, gestures, posture and gaze. Unlike the other cues, selective gaze depends critically on the configuration of cameras and monitors. Under isotropic video conferencing conditions people see each other in spatially consistent directions (shared video space). Isotropy is hypothesized to improve the interactional process of conversation and the outcome of discussion tasks ...

Effects of Fatigue and Social Environment on Performance: Individual and Team Tasks

07 JUL 97

Authors: C. Y. VAN Orden; A. W. Gaillard; J. J. Langefeld; HUMAN FACTORS RESEARCH INST TNO SOESTERBERG (NETHERLANDS)

The current experiment is the fifth in a series of studies that investigate the effects of fatigue and social environment on task performance. The following topics were studied: (a) Which tasks are most vulnerable to fatigue? (b) To what extent can the presence of another person during task performance compensate fatigue effects? (c) To what extent can 'social loafing' be prevented by giving a group public feedback on all group ...

Interference Between 6 Degrees of Freedom in a 3D Hand Controller

04 JUL 97

Authors: J. E. Korteling; A. Oving; M. L. van Emmerik; J. B. F. van Erp; HUMAN FACTORS RESEARCH INST TNO SOESTERBERG (NETHERLANDS)

A six degree of freedom (DOF) hand controller is a device that can be used for the simultaneous control of multiple axes. These kinds of control tasks are common in areas such as teleoperation. Multi-axis control may be problematic as a consequence of interference I.e., the control of a certain DOF affected the simultaneous control of another. Irrespective whether the cause of this interference lies in the operator's motor system ...

Thermal Modelling of Individual Characteristics (Modellering van de individuele thermische reactie)

25 JUN 97

Authors: G. Havenith; HUMAN FACTORS RESEARCH INST TNO SOESTERBERG (NETHERLANDS)

One of the major gaps in the prediction of heat stress response is the limited implementation of individual characteristics in prediction models. Without this individualization, the evaluation of the resultant average group response prediction necessitates the use of very conservative limit values for body temperature increase. This is caused by the wide range of responses observed within a group. The present study aimed at the implementation of individual characteristics in ...

Control-Display Mapping with Three Translational Degrees of Freedom

29 MAY 97

Authors: J. B. van Erp; A. Oving; J. E. Korteling; HUMAN FACTORS RESEARCH INST TNO SOESTERBERG (NETHERLANDS)

Situations in which the human operator must control three translational degrees of freedom are common in, for example, control of robot arms, remotely controlled cameras, and tele-surgery. Often, the operator has no direct view on the controlled object, but receives information on the motions of the object via a camera - monitor system or a simplified graphical display. In the design of such systems, it is important that the mapping ...

Effects of Tunnel Design Characteristics on Driving Behaviour and Traffic Safety: A Literature Review (Effecten van tunnelontwerpkenmerken op rijgedrag en verkeersveiligheid: Een literatuurstudie)

20 MAY 97

Authors: M. H. Martens; N. A. Kaptein; HUMAN FACTORS RESEARCH INST TNO SOESTERBERG (NETHERLANDS)

Due to financial and technical considerations, the design of road tunnels often differs from open road design. Standards are applied more loosely, which leads to suboptimal design solutions in terms of traffic safety and comfort. This may affect the level of driving safety. This literature review provides an overview of the effect of tunnel design characteristics on road user behaviour, and can serve as a basis for recommendations on specific ...

The Role of Communication and Coordination in Team Decision Making in a Command & Control Task (De rol van communicatie en cooerdinatie bij teambesluitvorming in een command & control taak)

MAY 97

Authors: W. M. Post; P. C. Rasker; J. M. Schraagen; HUMAN FACTORS RESEARCH INST TNO SOESTERBERG (NETHERLANDS)

In this study, the role of communication and coordination in team decision making in a command and control task has been investigated. First, a framework has been developed in which all team-related entities are described. Next, we have developed an artificial world in which various events take place. This world is represented by a city consisting of various buildings in which citizens live. The events are series of fires. A ...

Interactive Virtual Environments: Adaptation to Virtual Hand Position (Interactieve Virtual Environments: Aanpassing naar virtuele handpositie)

16 APR 97

Authors: P. J. Werkhoven; HUMAN FACTORS RESEARCH INST TNO SOESTERBERG (NETHERLANDS)

Virtual hand control is a direct natural manipulation method in virtual environments enabling advanced applications in the field of interactive design, training, medicine, etc. This experimental study uses a prism adaptation paradigm to explore visuo-motor adaptation to misaligned virtual hand position.

The Effect of Various Methods for Crosstraining on Team Performance (Het effect van drie verschillende methoden voor crosstraining op het presteren van teams)

05 FEB 97

Authors: A. M. Schaafstal; M. J. Bots; HUMAN FACTORS RESEARCH INST TNO SOESTERBERG (NETHERLANDS)

An experiment is described in which the effects of three different methods for crosstraining on team performance and communication within teams are examined. The methods for crosstraining differ in information contents about the tasks, activities and informational needs of the other team members. They were developed with the aim of answering the following questions: (1) will practice in the tasks of other team members lead to better communication strategies and ...

Absolute Accuracy of the Cyberware WB4 Whole Body Scanner

FEB 1997

Authors: Hein Daanen; Matt Brunsman; Stacie Taylor; HUMAN FACTORS RESEARCH INST TNO SOESTERBERG (NETHERLANDS)

This report describes a study of the accuracy of the Cyberware WB4 whole-body scanner. CARD Lab researchers made multiple scans of a calibration object designed to simulate human body size and shape. Researchers then pinpointed landmarks on the scans using Integrate, a software package developed at the CARD Lab to manage and manipulate scan data. Dimensions in the scans were then compared to the actual size of the calibration object. ...

Vergelijkend onderzoek ter ondersteuning van de selectie van de nieuwe gevechtsbril (A Comparative Study for the Selection of the New Dutch Military Spectacle)

12 DEC 96

Authors: F. L. Kooi; HUMAN FACTORS RESEARCH INST TNO SOESTERBERG (NETHERLANDS)

The Royal Dutch Army and Air Force are in the process of replacing the military spectacles. Five candidate frames have been tested and compared on durability and fashion. The shortcomings of each frame type are described and an overall judgment is given.

Development and Performance of a Cockpit Control System Operated by Voice: Summary Report of Project DMKLu/ACO2/A/9lO5

29 NOV 96

Authors: H. J. Steeneken; HUMAN FACTORS RESEARCH INST TNO SOESTERBERG (NETHERLANDS)

Phase 3 of this project is concerned with the evaluation of an automatic speech recognizer for cockpit control functions in the MLU-F16. The report is a summary of the following 3 reports: (1) Automatic speech recognition performance in a simulation-based fast-jet cockpit application, (2) Spontaneous- speech data base for cockpit control applications applied to commercial state- of-the-art speech recognition technology, and (3) Evaluation of integrated automatic speech recognition on the ...

Automatic Speech Recognition Performance in a Simulation-Based Fast-Jet Cockpit Application (Automatische spraakherkenning toegepast voor controletaken in de cockpit van een jachtvliegtuig)

28 NOV 96

Authors: H. J. Steeneken; J. J. Kriekaard; D. A. van Leeuwen; HUMAN FACTORS RESEARCH INST TNO SOESTERBERG (NETHERLANDS)

A project on automatic speech recognition for control of systems in a fast-jet cockpit was conducted by the TNO Human Factors Research Institute (TNO- HFRI) and the National Aerospace Laboratory (NLR). The project comprised performance testing in an advanced fast jet simulator. In total the results of 17 sorties, performed by three experienced pilots, are presented. During each sortie the pilot had access to a control by voice of radio ...