| Microstructure of Conventional and Reduced Sensitivity RDX |
DEC 2005 |
18 pages |
| Authors:
Michael J. Herrmann; Bastian Ludwig; FRAUNHOFER-INST FUER CHEMISCHE TECHNOLOGIE BERGHAUSEN (GERMANY F R)
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 | This report results from a contract tasking Fraunhofer Institute for Chemical Technology as follows: Reduced Sensitivity (RS) energetic materials are in the scope of interest, particularly, for the development and refinement of IM PBX as PBXN-109. Such improved versions of current explosive ingredients as RDX and HMX facilitate progress in times of limited funding, as an introduction of new ingredients as FOX-7 would give rise to considerably higher costs. However ... |
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| International Conference of ICT Held in Karlsruhe, Federal Republic of Germany on July 3-6, 2001. Energetic Materials: Ignition, Combustion and Detonation |
06 JUL 2001 |
1639 pages |
| Authors:
FRAUNHOFER-INST FUER CHEMISCHE TECHNOLOGIE BERGHAUSEN (GERMANY F R)
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| These are presentation and poster session papers presented at the 32nd International Annual Conference of ICT held in Karlsruhe, Germany, on July 3-6, 2001. The main topic concerning energetic materials is the formulation and synthesis of new components. Their characterization is based on experimental research of ignition, combustion and detonation phenomena. Conference objectives include experimental and theoretical activities on: initiation and ignition processes; investigation of combustion and detonation phenomena, plume ... |
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| Lattice Imperfections of Energetic Materials Measured by X-ray Diffraction |
20 FEB 2001 |
30 pages |
| Authors:
Walter Engel; Michael Herrmann; FRAUNHOFER-INST FUER CHEMISCHE TECHNOLOGIE BERGHAUSEN (GERMANY F R)
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| The mechanical sensitivity is an important issue for energetic materials and explosives, which has been discussed as a function of lattice defects originated during crystallization. However, hitherto a conclusive correlation was not achieved, because the quantitative measurement of defects is difficult. An approach is made to quantify defects in energetic materials with X-ray diffraction. Samples of HMX were crystallized under varying conditions yielding different defect concentrations. The samples are investigated ... |
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| REACTION PRODUCTS OF CHEMICAL AGENTS BY THERMODYNAMIC CALCULATIONS. |
01 JAN 1996 |
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| Authors:
R. VOLK; FRAUNHOFER-INST FUER CHEMISCHE TECHNOLOGIE BERGHAUSEN (GERMANY F R)
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 | IN ORDER TO UNDERSTAND BETTER THE REACTION BEHAVIOR OF CHEMICAL AGENTS OF SEA-DUMPED AMMUNITION BY THERMAL DESTRUCTION IN INCINERATORS AND PLASMA ARE REACTORS, THERMODYNAMIC CALCULATIONS HAVE BEEN PERFORMED. FOR THIS REASON THE FOLLOWING SUBSTANCES HAVE BEEN CALCULATED AT 1500K. CLARK I, CLARK II, ADAMSITE AND LEWISITE, MUSTARD SUCH AS S-LOST AND N-LOST, TEAR GASES: CHLOROACETOPHENONE AND BROMOACETONE, PHOSGENE, DIPHOSGENE AND CHLOROPICRIN, NERVE GASES TABUN, SARIN, SOMAN. A TEMPERATURE OF 1500 ... |
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| International Annual Conference of ICT (26th), (Pyrotechnics - Basic Principles, Technology, Application) Held at Karlsruhe, Federal Republic of Germany on July 4 - July 7, 1995 |
95 |
1104 pages |
| Authors:
FRAUNHOFER-INST FUER CHEMISCHE TECHNOLOGIE BERGHAUSEN (GERMANY F R)
|
| Partial contents: Development of an extrudable composite cordlike gas-generating propellant; Influence of the binder content on the reaction behaviour of pyrotechnic mixtures; New concepts in development of explosives devices; An experimental investigation of the acceleration induced burning rate increase of composite solid propellants for gas generator; Pyrotechnic smokes for screening - a summary; A hybrid gas generator using low concentration hydrogen peroxide of inflating airbags; An influence off the chemical ... |
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| Processes for Assessing the Thermal Stability of Han-Based Liquid Propellants. Revision |
JUL 90 |
76 pages |
| Authors:
R. Hansen; E. Backof; H. J. De Grieff; Nathan Klein; FRAUNHOFER-INST FUER CHEMISCHE TECHNOLOGIE BERGHAUSEN (GERMANY F R)
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| Liquid Propellants containing hydroxylammonium nitrate (HAN) react with metallic and non-metallic impurities. Two tests were developed to monitor gas evolution during storage at 90 C in 5-cc sealed glass ampoules or 3-cc glass containers fitted with miniature pressure transducers. Time to bursting of the ampoule or to a specific pressure in the container are the data obtained. The propellant's stability is dependent on pH with 2.1 being optimum. The effects ... |
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| Investigation of the Phase Stabilizing Effect of 4% Potassium Fluoride on Ammonium Nitrate |
06 NOV 89 |
95 pages |
| Authors:
Walter Engel; FRAUNHOFER-INST FUER CHEMISCHE TECHNOLOGIE BERGHAUSEN (GERMANY F R)
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| Ammonium nitrate is an interesting oxidiser in the field of propellants and explosives. The drawbacks of the substance are caused by its polymorphic properties. It crystallizes at ambient pressure in 5 modifications. Some phase transitions take place at temperatures, which occur under normal storage conditions. These transitions are connected with volume changes that influence severely the properties of products containing ammonium nitrate. Samples of ammonium nitrate containing 4 weight % ... |
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| Proceedings of Symposium on Analysis and Detection of Explosives (3rd) Held in Mannheim-Neuostheim (Germany, F.R.) on 10-13 July 1989 |
13 JUL 89 |
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| Authors:
FRAUNHOFER-INST FUER CHEMISCHE TECHNOLOGIE BERGHAUSEN (GERMANY F R)
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| The Third Symposium is held at the Bundesakademie fur Wehrverwaltung Wehrtechnik (BakWVT), Mannheim, FRG, from July 10 to 13, 1989. The Symposia have international attendance. The main purpose of these Symposia is to provide a forum for the discussion of the special problems in the field of analysis and detection of explosives: fundamental studies, applications, development of instrumentation and methods and their evaluation and the improvement of established techniques. The ... |
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| Investigation of the Phase Stabilizing Effect of Potassium Fluoride on Ammonium Nitrate |
JUL 89 |
149 pages |
| Authors:
W. Engel; FRAUNHOFER-INST FUER CHEMISCHE TECHNOLOGIE BERGHAUSEN (GERMANY F R)
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| Ammonium nitrate is an interesting oxidiser in the field of propellants and explosives. The substance is cheap and readily available. The drawbacks of the substance are caused by its polymorphic properties. It crystallizes at ambient pressure in 5 modifications. Some phase transitions take place at temperatures, which occur under normal storage conditions. These transitions are connected with volume changes that influence severely the properties of products containing ammonium nitrate. Many ... |
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| Investigation of the Phase Stabilizing Effect of Potassium Fluoride on Ammonium Nitrate |
AUG 88 |
155 pages |
| Authors:
Walter Engel; FRAUNHOFER-INST FUER CHEMISCHE TECHNOLOGIE BERGHAUSEN (GERMANY F R)
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| In the first interim report the preparation of the samples, DSC measurements and preliminary series of X-ray-diffraction measurements were reported. This report will cover 5 series of diffraction measurements with dry samples of ammonium nitrate with a content of 2% KF. The documentation of the great amount of information provided by the x-ray diffraction measurements has been organized by means of an appendix. It contains for each series the original ... |
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| Process for Assessing the Stability of HAN (Hydroxylammonium Nitrate)- Based Liquid Propellants |
09 FEB 88 |
115 pages |
| Authors:
R. Hansen; E. Backof; H. J. De Greiff; FRAUNHOFER-INST FUER CHEMISCHE TECHNOLOGIE BERGHAUSEN (GERMANY F R)
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| Liquid propellants with hydroxylammonium nitrate (HAN) as a major component react to metallic and non-metallic impurities by undergoing decomposition. In this study, the effects of a number of metals (both as ions and as elements) and of a number of plastics on the chemical stability as well as the long-term stability and/or lifetime of the HAN-based monergol LP 1846 are examined. For this purpose, two test methods were developed and ... |
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