| Physical Model Study of Cross Vanes and Ice |
Aug-2009 |
41 pages |
| Authors:
Carrie M Vuyovich; Andrew M Tuthill; John J Gagnon; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER HANOVER NH COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB
|
 | In recent years, channel restoration and streambank stabilization projects have been turning towards natural methods, such as cross vanes and rock weirs. Successful applications help control bed and bank erosion, provide flow diversity, re-connect floodplains, and improve habitat for fish and wildlife. Currently little design guidance is available for constructing these structures on ice-affected rivers. This study used physical and numerical models to address the impact of ice runs on ... |
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| Monitoring of Streambank Stabilization and River Restoration Structures on Ice-Affected Rivers in Northern Vermont |
Aug-2009 |
59 pages |
| Authors:
Andrew M Tuthill; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER HANOVER NH COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB
|
| Modern river restoration and streambank stabilization designs are taking more natural approaches. Examples include vanes and weirs constructed of rocks or logs that encourage bank sedimentation and direct flow toward the channel center, also rock riffles and weirs to control grade. Successful projects help control bed and bank erosion, re-connect floodplains, increase flow diversity and improve habitat for fish and wildlife. To date, the design of these increasingly popular structures ... |
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| Nomenclature and the National Wetland Plant List |
May-2009 |
14 pages |
| Authors:
Robert Lichvar; John Kartesz; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER HANOVER NH COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB
|
| The National Wetland Plant List (NWPL) is being revised by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and the Natural Resources Conservation Service. This Technical Note describes how changes in botanical nomenclature are being handled in the 2009 revision of the NWPL. The current list used for delineation purposes is the 1988 list (referred to here as the 88 list) ... |
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| Vegetation and Channel Morphology Responses to Ordinary High Water Discharge Events in Arid West Stream Channels |
May-2009 |
48 pages |
| Authors:
Bruce Allen; Robert Lichvar; David Cate; Corinna Photos; Lindsey Dixon; Joel Byersdorfer; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER HANOVER NH COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB
|
| Waters of the United States (WoUS) are regulated by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act (33 U.S.C. 1344). The Corps lateral jurisdictional extent in Arid West stream channels is the upper level of the ordinary high water (OHW). The channel shape, fluvial textures, and vegetation patterns of these arid stream channels are heavily influenced by short-term, high-intensity or flashy events, which create ... |
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| Sea Spray Icing of Drilling and Production Platforms |
Feb-2009 |
63 pages |
| Authors:
Edgar L Andreas; Kathleen F Jones; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER HANOVER NH COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB
|
| Because of the observed decrease in the ice cover in the Beaufort and Chukchi Seas, it is possible that spray icing of rigs used for oil exploration and drilling may be more frequent and possibly more severe in the coming years than it has been in the past. In this report we describe a model for sea spray icing on fixed offshore structures. The accretion of small sea spray droplets ... |
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| Sensitivity Analysis of QSAR Models for Assessing Novel Military Compounds |
Jan-2009 |
43 pages |
| Authors:
Igor Linkov; Jay L Clausen; Erin Bennett; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER HANOVER NH COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB
|
| Reliable estimates of physical and biochemical properties of novel energetic compounds are essential before making the investment to synthesize, scale-up, and manufacture a new material for use in either military or civilian applications. Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) software tools are available for predicting the physicochemical properties and environmental impacts of these emerging materials. The uncertainty and variability in melting point, solubility, half-lives, and related properties as a means of determining ... |
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| Evaluation of the Snap Sampler for Sampling Ground Water Monitoring Wells for Inorganic Analytes |
Dec-2008 |
74 pages |
| Authors:
Louise V Parker; Nathan D Mulherin; Gordon E Gooch; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER HANOVER NH COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB
|
| Abstract: Laboratory studies and a field demonstration were conducted to determine the ability of the Snap Sampler to recover representative concentrations of inorganic analytes, including metals, from ground water. For the laboratory studies, concentrations of analytes in Snap Sampler samples were compared with concentrations of the analytes in samples collected from a standpipe (i.e., control samples). These studies clearly demonstrated that Snap Sampler concentrations were comparable to control sample concentrations. ... |
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| Optimal Sensor Placement with Terrain-Based Constraints and Signal Propagation Effects |
Dec-2008 |
45 pages |
| Authors:
Sergey N Vecherin; D K Wilson; Chris L Pettit; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER HANOVER NH COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB
|
| The optimal sensor placement problem, as considered here, is to select the types and locations of sensors providing coverage at high value terrain locations while minimizing a specified cost function. The cost function can reflect various disincentives, such as the actual cost of the sensors, the total number of sensors, and the probability that the sensor will be found and disabled by hostile actors. The probability of detection (at a ... |
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| Field Data Archive |
Dec-2008 |
18 pages |
| Authors:
Charles C Ryerson; Lynette A Barna; Rosa T Affleck; Keran J Claffey; Forrest R Scott; Elke S Ochs; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER HANOVER NH COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB
|
| A goal of the Air Force Research Laboratory Opportune Landing Site (OLS) program was to locate smooth, flat, obstruction-free unimproved areas that are safe for aircraft operations. The ERDC was tasked to evaluate the quality of OLS as located by OLS Multi-Spectral (OLS-MS) software developed by the Boeing Company utilizing Landsat multispectral imagery. ERDC also was tasked with predicting soil moisture and soil strength at OLS. ERDC conducted extensive field ... |
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| Opportune Landing Site Program: Opportune Landing Site Southeastern Indiana Field Data Collection and Assessment |
Nov-2008 |
288 pages |
| Authors:
Charles C Ryerson; Lynette A Barna; Rosa T Affleck; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER HANOVER NH COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB
|
| Effectiveness in modern warfare demands rapid, lethal, and stealthy response to a wide variety of adversaries. This requires, in part, the ability to conduct air transport operations to locations where there are no existing runways, and where engineers cannot be prepositioned. One of the most difficult problems is locating large, smooth, flat, and obstruction-free areas that are also sufficiently firm to support at least one aircraft operation, and preferably, many. ... |
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| Predicting California Bearing Ratio from Trafficability Cone Index Values |
Oct-2008 |
121 pages |
| Authors:
Deborah Diemand; George Mason; Sally A Shoop; Wendy L Wieder; Peter M Seman; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER HANOVER NH COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB
|
| California bearing ratio (CBR) soil strength measurements are commonly used by the U.S. Air Force to identify locations suitable for use as expedient runways. Field CBR testing is a time-consuming operation requiring a skilled operator, and can be hazardous for the evaluation teams in hostile environments. Limited amounts of published CBR data are available. The measurement of trafficability cone index (CI), widely used by the U.S. Army for similar applications, ... |
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| Suitability Measurement and Analysis for El Centro Naval Air Facility OLS. Opportune Landing Site Program |
Oct-2008 |
404 pages |
| Authors:
Charles C Ryerson; Lynette A Barna; Rosa T Affleck; Keran J Claffey; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER HANOVER NH COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB
|
| The Army's Future Combat System (FCS) relies upon agility and speed as components of its operating philosophy. This requires, in part, the ability to conduct air transport operations to locations where there are no existing runways, and where engineers cannot be pre-positioned. One of the most difficult problems is locating large, smooth, flat, and obstruction-free areas that are also sufficiently firm to support at least one aircraft operation, and preferably ... |
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| Assessment of Superstructural Ice Protection as Applied to Offshore Oil Operations Safety |
01-Sep-2008 |
155 pages |
| Authors:
Charles C Ryerson; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER HANOVER NH COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB
|
| Superstructure sea spray icing and atmospheric icing from snow, freezing rain, freezing drizzle, rime, sleet, and frost reduce the safety of offshore platform and supply boat operations. Though icing reduces safety and reduces operational efficiency, it has not caused the loss of offshore platforms. Supply boats are at greater risk of loss from icing than are platforms. Platforms operating in cold regions are protected primarily by designs that reduce ice ... |
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| Concepts and Procedures for Updating the National Wetland Plant List |
Sep-2008 |
36 pages |
| Authors:
Robert W Lichvar; Paul Minkin; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER HANOVER NH COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB
|
| The National Wetland Plant List, formerly called the National List of Plant Species that Occur in Wetlands and last officially updated in 1988, is being revised by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and the Natural Resources Conservation Service. The list is used as part of the wetland delineation process, in the restoration of wetlands, and as a resource ... |
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| Assessment of Superstructure Ice Protection as Applied to Offshore Oil Operations Safety: Problems, Hazards, Needs, and Potential Transfer Technologies |
Sep-2008 |
155 pages |
| Authors:
Charles C Ryerson; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER HANOVER NH COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB
|
| Superstructure sea spray icing and atmospheric icing from snow, freezing rain, freezing drizzle, rime, sleet, and frost reduce the safety of offshore platform and supply boat operations. Though icing reduces safety and reduces operational efficiency, it has not caused the loss of offshore platforms. Supply boats are at greater risk of loss from icing than are platforms. Platforms operating in cold regions are protected primarily by designs that reduce ice ... |
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| Suitability Measurement and Analysis for Fort Bliss Naval Air Facility OLS. Opportune Landing Site Program |
Sep-2008 |
361 pages |
| Authors:
Charles C Ryerson; Lynette A Barna; Rosa T Affleck; Keran J Claffey; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER HANOVER NH COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB
|
| The Army's Future Combat System (FCS) relies on agility and speed, including the ability to conduct air transport operations where no runways exist, and where engineers cannot be pre-positioned. One of the most difficult problems is locating large, smooth, flat, and obstruction-free areas that are sufficiently firm to support at least one aircraft operation, and preferably many. The Opportune Landing Site (OLS) program demonstrated the use of remote sensing technology ... |
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| Sound-Wave Coherence in Atmospheric Turbulence With Intrinsic and Global Intermittency |
Aug-2008 |
17 pages |
| Authors:
Vladimir E Ostashev; D K Wilson; George H Goedecke; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER HANOVER NH COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB
|
| The coherence function of sound waves propagating through an intermittently turbulent atmosphere is calculated theoretically. Intermittency mechanisms due to both the turbulent energy cascade (intrinsic intermittency) and spatially uneven production (global intermittency) are modeled using ensembles of quasiwavelets (QWs), which are analogous to turbulent eddies. The intrinsic intermittency is associated with decreasing spatial density (packing fraction) of the QWs with decreasing size. Global intermittency is introduced by allowing the local ... |
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| Energetic Residues and Crater Geometries from the Firing of 120-mm High-Explosive Mortar Projectiles into Eagle River Flats, June 2007 |
01-Jul-2008 |
62 pages |
| Authors:
Susan Taylor; Marianne E Walsh; Charles M Collins; Michael R Walsh; Charles A Ramsey; Susan R Bigl; Ronald N Bailey; Alan D Hewitt; Mark Prieksat; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER HANOVER NH COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB
|
| Fourteen 120-mm high-explosive mortar projectiles were fired into the Eagle River Flats (ERF) impact area in June 2007 to determine physical disturbance of the mudflat when it is not covered by ice. Currently, ERF is used only when it is covered by ice that prevents disturbance of the underlying sediment. Thirteen of the projectiles functioned normally and produced high-order detonations. The high order detonation craters averaged 2.7 m in diameter ... |
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| A Guide to Alaskan Black Spruce Wetland Bryophytes: Species Specific to Delineation for Interior and South Central Regions |
01-Jun-2008 |
31 pages |
| Authors:
Rodney D Seppelt; Gary A Laursen; Robert W Lichvar; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER HANOVER NH COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB
|
| Currently, there is an effort underway to update and revise the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Corps) wetland delineation manual (Wakeley 2002) in support of Section 404 of the Clean Water Act (CWA) (33U.S.C.1344). As part of this updating, the United States has been divided into ten subregions. The new subregion boundaries follow an ecosystem-based region classification that has also been used in the development of national hydric soil indicators ... |
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| FASST Soil Moisture, Soil Temperature: Original Versus New |
01-Apr-2008 |
36 pages |
| Authors:
Susan Frankenstein; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER HANOVER NH COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB
|
| This paper discusses only the differences between the original version of FASST (Frankenstein and Koenig 2004a, 2004b) and the new version. This report is intended as a supplement to the original model documentation. In its original incarnation, energy and mass transport associated with water vapor in the soil matrix were ignored. The author added these so that model usage could be expanded to include biological investigations yet still retain its ... |
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| Construction and Instrumentation of Full-Scale Geogrid Reinforced Pavement Test Sections |
APR 2008 |
70 pages |
| Authors:
Karen S. Henry; Edel R. Cortez; Lawrence S. Danyluk; Gregory Brentrup; Nathan Lamie; Troy W. Arnold; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER HANOVER NH COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB
|
| A study is being conducted on full-scale pavement test sections to assess geogrid base reinforcement in flexible pavements representative of major highways. This report documents the construction and instrumentation of those test sections. The design of the test sections was based on a pavement design life of 3 106 equivalent single axle loads. There are two asphalt concrete and two base course thicknesses. One test section at each asphalt and ... |
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| Temperatures and Water Levels at Tanana Flats Monitoring Stations |
APR 2008 |
65 pages |
| Authors:
Michael G. Ferrick; Charles H. Racine; Steven Reidsma; Stephanie P. Saari; Arthur B. Gelvin; Charles M. Collins; Gary Larsen; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER HANOVER NH COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB
|
| A network of data recording stations has been progressively deployed over recent years in the Tanana Flats to better understand the hydrology of the wetlands and the hydrologic impacts of airboat use. All stations monitor logger temperature, water soil temperature profiles, and water levels. The logger temperatures at each station accurately represent local air temperatures. Winter conditions contribute significantly to fen temperature extremes the following summer, and conversely, the thermal ... |
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| GIS-Based OLS Suitability Assessment |
Apr-2008 |
81 pages |
| Authors:
Charles C Ryerson; Forrest R Scott; Brian T Tracy; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER HANOVER NH COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB
|
| A goal of the Air Force Research Laboratory Opportune Landing Site (OLS) program was to locate large, smooth, flat, obstruction-free areas safe for aircraft operations. The ERDC was tasked to evaluate the quality of OLSs as located by OLS Multi-Spectral (OLS-MS) software that was developed by the Boeing Company and uses Landsat multispectral imagery. ERDC conducted extensive field work evaluating OLSs in Indiana, New Mexico, and California. However, while seeking ... |
|
| Ice Considerations in the Design of River Restoration Structures |
01-Feb-2008 |
35 pages |
| Authors:
Andrew M Tuthill; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER HANOVER NH COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB
|
| Modern river restoration and streambank stabilization projects constructed of natural materials are gaining favor over traditional materials such as riprap and concrete. These new structure types provide a more aesthetic and lower-cost means of controlling bed and bank erosion, while improving flow diversity and habitat. Little design guidance exists for these structures on ice-affected rivers, however. This report provides basic design guidelines for these in-stream structures in the ice environment. ... |
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| Ice Jam at the Rio Blanco Diversion Weir on the White River in Colorado: A Case Study of In-Stream Structures and Ice |
01-Feb-2008 |
34 pages |
| Authors:
Andrew M Tuthill; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER HANOVER NH COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB
|
| In-stream structures constructed of natural materials are increasingly popular on US rivers. Examples include rock weirs that provide an aesthetic means of pooling and diverting flow for irrigation and lake filling. Though considerable progress has been made in the design and construction of these soft engineering structures, most applications to date have been on rivers that are unaffected by ice. Recent experience shows that the presence of ice can have ... |
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| Seismic Propagation From Activity in Tunnels and Underground Facilities |
01 NOV 2006 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
STEPHEN A. KETCHAM; Jason R. McKenna; Roy J. Greenfield; Thomas S. Anderson; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER HANOVER NH COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB
|
| Dynamic mechanical activity in a tunnel can be measured as ground vibrations at offset distances. These signals can be processed in sensing algorithms for detection, location, and discrimination of the activity. The objective of this work is to demonstrate that seismic simulations can reveal the effect of the environment on seismic energy as it propagates from tunnels. Using massively parallel high-performance computers, the work applies a finite-difference solution to the ... |
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| Non-Intrusive Detection of Soil Properties for Pressure-Driven Processes |
NOV 2006 |
29 pages |
| Authors:
M. R. Albert; D. G. ALBERT; F. E. Perron; D. W. Harrelson; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER HANOVER NH COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB
|
| The state of the ground can change dramatically in response to changing meteorological influences and physical disturbances of the ground (e.g. tilling) that are important to many civilian and military activities. Permeability is the fundamental parameter of a porous media that controls whether a surface is an acoustically hard one, through which fluids may not easily penetrate, or conversely a more transparent surface, across which gas and water may readily ... |
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| Common Wetland Delineation Sedges of the Northeast |
Jun-2005 |
45 pages |
| Authors:
Robert Lichvar; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER HANOVER NH COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB
|
| This field guide is intended to assist in identifying 16 of the most common Carex (sedge) species observed during wetland delineations. And additional 26 species that are similar in appearance to these common sedges are included and distinguished. This guide to common sedges is designed to take to the field and key sedges with a 10x hand lens. Labeled Carex illustrations provide basic terminology and morphological features used in keying ... |
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| Short-Range Seismic and Acoustic Signature Measurements Through Forest |
MAY 2005 |
136 pages |
| Authors:
Stephen N. Decato; Donald G. Albert; Frank E. Perron Jr.; David L. Carbee; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER HANOVER NH COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB
|
| The effect of forests on low frequency military noise propagation is unknown. As part of a joint project, ERDC-CERL and ERDC CRREL conducted measurements at the Lone Star Army Ammunition Plant located in Texarkana, Texas, to investigate these effects. In this report, the short-range measurements conducted by ERDC-CRREL are documented. Blast noise waveforms produced by C4 explosions at distances from 30 to 567 m were recorded and are presented in ... |
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| An Examination of Protocols for The Collection of Munitions-Derived Explosives Residues on Snow-Covered Ice |
APR 2005 |
68 pages |
| Authors:
Michael R. Walsh; Marianne E. Walsh; Charles A. Ramsey; Thomas F. Jenkins; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER HANOVER NH COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB
|
| Range contamination and sustainability are major issues for the United States military. Training is a critical factor in force readiness, and the availability of ranges is crucial to this need. To determine the impact of training on ranges, data are required on the deposition of explosives residues from live-fire and blow-in-place detonation of munitions. A method of sampling on snow-covered ranges, the discrete sampling method, was developed by the Army's ... |
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| Placing Antifreeze Concrete at Grand Forks Air Force Base |
APR 2005 |
31 pages |
| Authors:
Charles Korhonen; Peter Semen; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER HANOVER NH COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB
|
| The first airfield pavement application of a recently developed antifreeze technology for cold weather concreting was demonstrated in February 2004 on an unreinforced section of a parking apron at the Grand Forks Air Force Base (GFAFB) in North Dakota. The technology, which combines ordinary concrete admixtures into a formulation that depresses the freezing point of water and accelerates the hydration rate of portland cement, was the product of a three- ... |
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| Effect of Acetonitrile on RDX Biodegradation in an Unsaturated Surface Soil |
MAR 2005 |
19 pages |
| Authors:
David B. Ringelberg; Charles M. Reynolds; Lawrence B. Perry; Karen L. Foley; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER HANOVER NH COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB
|
| In previous work, we documented the biodegradation of hexahydro-1,3, 5- trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) in an unsaturated cold-region surface soil and showed that acetonitrile (ACN) could inhibit RDX removal rates when used as a dispersant for the contaminant. Here, we document that the added ACN had an effect on microbial community development in the RDX-contaminated soil. In the absence of ACN, the soils showed a striking increase in microbial biomass and in ... |
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| Microbial Community Shifts Associated with RDX Loss in a Saturated and Well-Drained Surface Soil |
MAR 2005 |
25 pages |
| Authors:
David B. Ringelberg; Charles M. Reynolds; Karen L. Foley; Lawrence B. Perry; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER HANOVER NH COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB
|
| Low-order, incomplete detonations can deposit hexahydro-1,3,5- trinitro- 1,3,5-triazine (RDX) into training range surface soils. In previous work, we showed that aqueous RDX could be rapidly biotransformed (4-day half- life) in water-saturated surface soil. However, biotransformation rates in the same soil at 0.15-bar soil moisture tension were significantly slower (28-day half-life). Here we report on the microbial community composition associated with the deposited RDX under the differing soil moisture tensions. Phospholipid ... |
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| Collection Methods and Laboratory Processing of Samples From Donnelly Training Area Firing Points, Alaska, 2003 |
MAR 2005 |
74 pages |
| Authors:
Marianne E. Walsh; Charles A. Ramsey; Charles M. Collins; Alan D. Hewitt; Michael R. Walsh; Kevin L. Bjella; Dennis J. Lambert; Nancy M. Perron; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER HANOVER NH COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB
|
| At firing points for lO5-mm howitzers 2,4-DNT is detectable in the surface soils 2,4-DNT is listed as a hazardous substance by the FPA and several states including Alaska. Sample collection methods and laboratory subsampling procedures were developed to estimate the mean concentration of 2,4-DNT at a sparsely vegetated firing point. Collection of replicate 5O-increment samples where the <2-mm fraction was approximately 3 kg, was found to be adequate to estimate ... |
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| Using High Spatial Resolution Digital Imagery |
FEB 2005 |
104 pages |
| Authors:
Michael V. Campbell; Robert L. Fischer; Timothy Pangburn; Mark J. Hardenberg; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER HANOVER NH COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB
|
| This document is the culmination of over 3 years worth of applied research. The overall objective of this multi-year investigation was to assess the utility of high spatial resolution digital imagery to Corps civil works operations. The sources of remotely sensed data used in this research effort include digital airborne multispectral imaging technology, digital airborne hyperspectral imaging technology, and digital satellite multispectral images. System selection was based on the anticipated ... |
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| Improved Performance of Unpaved Roads During Spring Thaw |
FEB 2005 |
179 pages |
| Authors:
Karen S. Henry; James P. Olson; Stephen P. Farrington; John Lens; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER HANOVER NH COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB
|
| Unpaved roads in Vermont are subject to deterioration from seasonal freezing and thawing, and many towns have roads that suffer chronic serviceability problems during the so-called "spring thaw," or mud season. Several techniques thought to mitigate deterioration of unpaved roads during spring thaw were constructed on test sections of unpaved roads in two towns. Each potential remedy was aimed at providing some combination of limiting the availability of moisture in ... |
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| Stability of Nitroguanidine in Moist, Unsaturated Soils |
FEB 2005 |
23 pages |
| Authors:
Nathan D. Mulherin; Thomas F. Jenkins; Marianne E. Walsh; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER HANOVER NH COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB
|
| The stability of nitroguanidine (NQ) was evaluated in three moist unsaturated soils under laboratory conditions. The three soils were fortified using an aqueous spiking solution and the residual concentration of NQ was measured after storage for 0, 1, 2, 4, and 8 days at 20 deg C in the dark. The results yielded a range in the half-life decay estimates for nitroguanidine from 7.5 to 56 days depending on the ... |
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| Pre-Screening for Explosives Residues in Soil Prior to HPLC Analysis Utilizing Expray |
FEB 2005 |
19 pages |
| Authors:
Kevin L. Bjella; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER HANOVER NH COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB
|
| The characterization of Department of Defense (DoD) training lands for explosives residues involves sampling and analyzing soil samples collected at firing points and impact areas. Laboratory instruments used for this analysis are susceptible to accumulating high concentrations of these compounds, thus possibly requiring reanalyzing. By using the Expray Explosives Detection Kit to determine the approximate concentration of explosives compounds prior to analysis, soil extracts can be diluted to a concentration ... |
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| Ice Engineering. Method to Evaluate Potential for Ice Impacts on Sediment Stability |
JAN 2005 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Andrew M. Tuthill; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER HANOVER NH COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB
|
| Uncertainty surrounding ice and sediment interaction introduces a high-level risk in the design of contaminated sediment remediation measures in rivers. Because much of the historic industrial activity in the United States is concentrated along northern rivers, many contaminated sediment sites are ice- affected. Furthermore, a high level of design uncertainty and risk results from the fact that no adequate analytical or numerical models exist to predict sediment transport under ice ... |
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| FASST Vegetation Models |
DEC 2004 |
54 pages |
| Authors:
Susan Frankenstein; George Koenig; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER HANOVER NH COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB
|
| The one-dimensional dynamic state of the ground model FASST (Fast All-season Soil Strength) is a state of the ground model developed by Frankenstein and Koenig (2004) as part of the Army's Battlespace Terrain Reasoning and Awareness (BTRA) research program. In its original form, the only effects vegetation had on FASST were to change the surface albedo and emissivity. Recently, a two tier, multilayer vegetation algorithm was added. These can be ... |
|
| Use of Small-Diameter Bladder Pumps in Direct-Push Ground Water Monitoring Wells at the CRREL Site |
DEC 2004 |
21 pages |
| Authors:
Louise V. Parker; John W. Govoni; Martin H. Stutz; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER HANOVER NH COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB
|
| Several different small-diameter (1/2-inch and 3/4-inch) bladder pumps (from different manufacturers) were tested in 1/2-inch and 3/4-inch direct-push (DP) monitoring wells at the CRREL site in Hanover, New Hampshire. Obtaining a sample at this site has been challenging because the depth to ground water is over 100 feet and thus substantial lift is required to bring the water to the surface. Although the different brands of pumps fit into the ... |
|
| Field Tests of Frost Jacking of Unexploded Ordnance |
DEC 2004 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
Karen S. Henry; Lawrence A. Danyluk; Thomas A. Anderson; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER HANOVER NH COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB
|
| We hypothesized that frost jacking (net seasonal upward movement) of buried unexploded ordnance (UXO) occurs in cold regions where there is frost- susceptible soil and adequate moisture. We buried 18 inert ordnance shapes in highly frost-susceptible soil in Hanover, NH, to determine whether they would experience frost jacking. Sixteen of the shapes were used for two, three-way factorial experiments to study frost jacking as a function of specific ordnance type, ... |
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| OS-02: The Impact of Climate and Extreme Weather Events on Military Operations |
DEC 2004 |
3 pages |
| Authors:
J. W. Weatherly; D. R. Hill; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER HANOVER NH COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB
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| The range of climate and extreme weather events, including high and low temperatures, drought and floods, high and damaging winds, and heavy or blowing snow have significant impacts on military operations. These impacts include increased risk to life and safety, injury, and a degrading effect on mission performance. The effects of snow are felt across a range of tasks from intelligence gathering by sensors to mobility of vehicles and personnel. ... |
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| Disturbed Soil Signatures for Mine Detection |
DEC 2004 |
3 pages |
| Authors:
G. Koh; J. R. Ballard; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER HANOVER NH COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB
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| We are investigating the phenomenology of disturbed soil signature due to mine emplacement. Non-imaging spectral sensors and high-frequency radars are being used to collect disturbed soil signatures over a wide range of geo- environmental conditions. The properties and processes of the disturbed soil that can be exploited to assist in the detection of buried landmines are first identified. This will be followed by time series investigation to understand the effects ... |
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| The Effects of Vegetation on the Dynamic State of the Ground |
DEC 2004 |
3 pages |
| Authors:
Susan Frankenstein; George Koenig; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER HANOVER NH COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB
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| The Battlespace Terrain Reasoning and Awareness (BTRA) research program edict for the Future Combat System(s) (FCS) is to "provide warfighters with an accurate and timely understanding of the battlespace environment's effect on personnel, platforms, sensors and systems in order to develop improved tactics, techniques, procedures and plans that insure information superiority and situational awareness" (R. Davis, ERDCCRREL, personal communication). BTRA is developing tools which will be embedded in DTSS (Digital ... |
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| Sediment Transport Under Ice |
NOV 2004 |
61 pages |
| Authors:
Robert Ettema; Steven F. Daly; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER HANOVER NH COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB
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| An essential feature of alluvial rivers and channels is that their morphology and flow-resistance behavior vary interactively with flow and sediment conditions. Depending on flow magnitude, ice covers modify the interaction, doing so over a range of scales in space and time. This report is an in-depth review of the impacts of river ice covers on sediment transport. The following topics are covered: ice-cover influences on flow distribution; sediment transport ... |
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| Ecosystem Classification and Relationships for Pleistocene Lake Thompson Bed Mojave Desert, California |
NOV 2004 |
66 pages |
| Authors:
Robert Lichvar; Steve Sprecher; David Charlton; Gregory Gustina; Michael Ericsson; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER HANOVER NH COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB
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| A four-year study was undertaken in 1997 to understand ecosystem relationships between vegetation and edaphic features at Edwards Air Force Base, California (Edwards AFB). This report presents the comprehensive analysis and discussion for the entire Lake Thompson Bed contained within Edwards AFB. This study used the ecological land classification (ELC) method for developing ecosystem maps. The concept of an ELC is to integrate ecosystems and landforms into one coherent system ... |
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| Mobility of Cargo Trains during Year Two of the Proof-of-Concept South Pole Traverse |
NOV 2004 |
55 pages |
| Authors:
J. H. Lever; J. C. Weale; R. G. Alger; G. L. Blaisdell; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER HANOVER NH COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB
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| The U.S. Antarctic Program is conducting a proof-of-concept traverse to haul heavy cargo 1600 km from McMurdo Station to South Pole Station. During the 2003-04 season (year two), the tractor-trains experienced poor mobility over undisturbed snow on the Ross Ice Shelf. despite relatively low sled ski pressures and encouraging results of pre-departure tests conducted on the McMurdo Ice Shelf. To understand why, we conducted expedient mobility tests, snow-strength measurements, and ... |
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| Sampling Strategies Near a Low-Order Detonation and a Target at an Artillery Impact Area |
NOV 2004 |
45 pages |
| Authors:
Thomas F. Jenkins; Alan D. Hewitt; Thomas A. Ranney; Charles A. Ramsey; Dennis J. Lambert; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER HANOVER NH COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB
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| Field sampling experiments were conducted at the firing range at Fort Polk, Louisiana. The objectives were to determine the spatial distribution and best approach for collecting representative surface soil samples to estimate mean concentrations of residues of high explosives at two types of potential source zones: (1) an area near a low-order PARTIAL detonation of an 81-mm mortar and (2) an artillery/mortar target. Soil sampling near the low-order detonation revealed ... |
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| Severe Winter Weather in the Continental U.S. and Global Climate Cycles |
OCT 2004 |
88 pages |
| Authors:
Steven F. Daly; Julie E. Friddell; Kathleen F. Jones; Carrie M. Vuyovich; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER HANOVER NH COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB
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| The relationship between severe winter weather in the United States and global climate indices is investigated using data from 1950 to 2002. Winter severity is characterized by accumulated freezing degree-days (AFDDO and damaging freezing rain storms. The first eigenvector of the AFDD anomaly, based on data from 2282 weather stations, shows a pattern in which the entire country tends to be either warmer or colder than average, while the second ... |
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