| Predicting the Shadow in an Oblique View of a Rectangular Target |
Mar 2012 |
17 pages |
| Authors:
Robert Whatmough; DEFENCE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ORGANISATION EDINBURGH (AUSTRALIA) INTELLIGENCE SURVEILLANCE AND RECONNAISSANCE DIV
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 | When land or sea targets are sought in an oblique view of a sunlit scene, their shadows may be their most conspicuous features. It is therefore useful to predict how the shadow of a target will appear in the image, given its shape and orientation and the positions of the sun and the camera. This note considers the prediction of the visible shadows of a simple but representative target shape, ... |
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| A Feasibility Study of View-independent Gait Identification |
Mar 2012 |
34 pages |
| Authors:
Robert Whatmough; DEFENCE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ORGANISATION EDINBURGH (AUSTRALIA) INTELLIGENCE SURVEILLANCE AND RECONNAISSANCE DIV
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| This report reviews work on the identification of people in video recordings by their gait, or walking style. It considers the adjustments needed when the subjects walk other than straight across the image and may not offer the convenient side (fronto-parallel) view. It describes a study of this case using video sequences of walking people, and concludes that the available measurements of gait, apart from head height, are of limited ... |
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| 3D Point Cloud Tree Modeling |
Jun 2010 |
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| Authors:
Mark Graham; Adam Davies; DEFENCE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ORGANISATION EDINBURGH (AUSTRALIA) INTELLIGENCE SURVEILLANCE AND RECONNAISSANCE DIV
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 | Three-dimensional (3D) point cloud models of trees were developed using the software packages Maya and MATLAB. These models are to be assembled into a forest scene that can be used for producing simulated Laser Detection and Ranging (LADAR) imagery of objects obscured beneath the canopy. This document describes the approach for modelling the trees using Maya then importing and completely reconstructing the models in a custom 3D point cloud format ... |
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| Design of a Foliage Penetrating LADAR Simulation Tool |
May 2009 |
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| Authors:
Mark Graham; DEFENCE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ORGANISATION EDINBURGH (AUSTRALIA) INTELLIGENCE SURVEILLANCE AND RECONNAISSANCE DIV
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| A simulation tool was developed using MATLAB and its Graphical User Interface Development Environment (GUIDE) to simulate aspects of an airborne foliage-penetrating Laser Detection and Ranging (LADAR) system in scenarios designed to contribute towards the military operational use of such a system. In particular, the simulation tool is intended for conducting analysis on how best to task the aircraft and position the sensor. This document provides an overview of the ... |
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| Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Machine-based Situation Assessment - Preliminary Work |
Aug-2008 |
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| Authors:
David M Lingard; Dale A Lambert; DEFENCE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ORGANISATION EDINBURGH (AUSTRALIA) INTELLIGENCE SURVEILLANCE AND RECONNAISSANCE DIV
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| The Information Fusion Panel within The Technical Cooperation Program (TTCP) is developing algorithms to perform machine-based situation assessment to assist human operators in complex situations. This report proposes a technique to measure the effectiveness of these algorithms in a simulation environment where ground truth is well-defined. In addition, this report models the situation assessment algorithms abstractly using random inference networks, and examines how errors (damage) spread through the inference networks. ... |
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| Video Metrology |
01-Jun-2008 |
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| Authors:
Tony Scoleri; DEFENCE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ORGANISATION EDINBURGH (AUSTRALIA) INTELLIGENCE SURVEILLANCE AND RECONNAISSANCE DIV
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| This report describes a range of techniques to carry out real-world measurements from a single image of a scene. The methods have been incorporated in an interactive system where they were tested and compared. The performance of the system has been evaluated on various images for which the aim was to measure a person's height. Experiments revealed that the methods yielded accurate and consistent results, which matched the true person's ... |
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| An Overview of Geolocation of Airborne Video Using 3D Models |
JAN 2008 |
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| Authors:
Tristrom Cooke; Robert Whatmough; Nicholas J. Redding; Edwin El-Mahassni; DEFENCE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ORGANISATION EDINBURGH (AUSTRALIA) INTELLIGENCE SURVEILLANCE AND RECONNAISSANCE DIV
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| This is an overview report which describes a method for automatic geolocation of video from an airborne sensor. The approach described here uses positional information from three sources to compute refined coordinates in three dimensions for any feature in the video sequence. These three sources are firstly, sensor-platform metadata describing the likely sensor footprint based on sensor-platform positional and attitudinal information; secondly, 3D information of a scene inherent in a ... |
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| Automatic Extraction of 3D Models From an Airborne Video Sequence |
JAN 2008 |
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| Authors:
Tristrom Cooke; DEFENCE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ORGANISATION EDINBURGH (AUSTRALIA) INTELLIGENCE SURVEILLANCE AND RECONNAISSANCE DIV
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| One method for accurately georegistering a video sequence from an airborne platform is to transform the video to the same coordinate system as some reference imagery that is already georeferenced. This transformation will be dependent upon the 3D structure within the scene, which is not known a priori. The current report examines several aspects of the construction of a 3D model from a video sequence, which may then be used ... |
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| North West Shelf Unmanned Aerial System Trial |
FEB 2007 |
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| Authors:
Duncan Craig; DEFENCE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ORGANISATION EDINBURGH (AUSTRALIA) INTELLIGENCE SURVEILLANCE AND RECONNAISSANCE DIV
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| In response to a government policy announcement issued during the lead-up to the 2004 federal election, Defence undertook two demonstrations of the application of Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) technology to the protection of the North West Shelf region. A real world trial took place in August-September 2006, involving the General Atomics Aeronautical Systems Incorporated Mariner Demonstrator UAS. A modelling and simulation based trial involving Northrop Grumman's Cyber Warfare Integration Network ... |
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| Kinematic and Attribute Fusion Using a Bayesian Belief Network Framework |
AUG 2006 |
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| Authors:
Mark L. Krieg; DEFENCE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ORGANISATION EDINBURGH (AUSTRALIA) INTELLIGENCE SURVEILLANCE AND RECONNAISSANCE DIV
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| The focus of tracking applications has traditionally centred on kinematic state estimation. However, attribute information has the potential to not only provide identity and class information, but it may also improve data association and kinematic tracking performance, Bayesian Belief Networks provide a framework for specifying the dependencies between kinematic and attribute states. Algorithms based on this framework are developed for joint kinematic and attribute data association, kinematic tracking, attribute state ... |
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| Coherent Change Detection: Theoretical Description and Experimental Results |
AUG 2006 |
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| Authors:
Mark Preiss; Nicholas J. S. Stacy; DEFENCE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ORGANISATION EDINBURGH (AUSTRALIA) INTELLIGENCE SURVEILLANCE AND RECONNAISSANCE DIV
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| This report investigates techniques for detecting fine scale scene changes using repeat pass Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imagery. As SAR is a coherent imaging system two forms of change detection may be considered, namely incoherent and coherent change detection. Incoherent change detection identifies changes in the mean backscatter power of a scene typically via an average intensity ratio change statistic. Coherent change detection on the other hand, identifies changes in ... |
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| A Network Centric Warfare (NCW) Compliance Process for Australian Defence |
AUG 2006 |
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| Authors:
Michele Knight; Les Vencel; Terry Moon; DEFENCE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ORGANISATION EDINBURGH (AUSTRALIA) INTELLIGENCE SURVEILLANCE AND RECONNAISSANCE DIV
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| The NCW Program Office (NCWPO) is responsible for ensuring that the ADF's capability projects are Network Centric Warfare (NCW) compliant, from the time they are listed in the Defence Capability Plan until they enter service as realised capabilities and throughout life-of-type. The NCWPO has engaged a number of different groups to look at the problem of NCW Compliance from different perspectives. This report describes one of these studies. It proposes ... |
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| Accommodating Obstacle Avoidance in the Weapons Allocation Problem for Tactical Air Defence |
Jul 2006 |
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| Authors:
Martin G Oxenham; Philip Cutler; DEFENCE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ORGANISATION EDINBURGH (AUSTRALIA) INTELLIGENCE SURVEILLANCE AND RECONNAISSANCE DIV
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| In the defence domain, weapons allocation is defined to be the reactive assignment of weapon systems to engage or counter identified threats. From a command perspective, this refers to the allocation of friendly and coalition force elements (eg fighter aircraft, frigates etc) to engage or interdict adversaries which are posing threats, not only to themselves, but also to defended areas and high-value assets. In an earlier work, a conceptual rule-based ... |
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| Atmospheric Retrieval Algorithms for Long-Wave Infrared and Solar Radiance Scenarios |
JUN 2006 |
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| Authors:
Michelle Hackett; DEFENCE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ORGANISATION EDINBURGH (AUSTRALIA) INTELLIGENCE SURVEILLANCE AND RECONNAISSANCE DIV
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| Atmospheric retrieval is the extraction of atmospheric data from spectral radiance, as observed at a remote sensor. In particular, consider the retrieval of temperature and humidity profiles, and aerosol size distribution and the scattering refractive index from long-wave infrared and solar radiance spectra, respectively. The application of retrieval, in this report, primarily involves inversion of a radiative transfer equation (RTE). However, due to the ill-posed nature of the problem and ... |
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| Video Moving Target Indication in the Analysts' Detection Support System |
Apr 2006 |
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| Authors:
Ronald Jones; David M Booth; Nicholas J Redding; DEFENCE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ORGANISATION EDINBURGH (AUSTRALIA) INTELLIGENCE SURVEILLANCE AND RECONNAISSANCE DIV
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| This report presents a review of a video moving target indication (VMTI) capability implemented in the Analysts' Detection Support System (ADSS). The VMTI subsystem has been devised for video from moving sensors, in particular, but not exclusively, airborne urban surveillance video. The paradigm of the moving sensor, which is a typical scenario in defence applications (e.g., UAV surveillance video), poses some unique |
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| Detection and Classification of Objects in Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery |
FEB 2006 |
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| Authors:
Tristrom Cooke; DEFENCE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ORGANISATION EDINBURGH (AUSTRALIA) INTELLIGENCE SURVEILLANCE AND RECONNAISSANCE DIV
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| This is an amalgamation of a number of reports written by the author when he was contracted to DSTO through CSSIP. The reports concern the detection of faint trails, and the theory and evaluation of a number of existing and novel methods for the detection and classification of ground and maritime targets with SAR imagery. The publication of this collection allows the results to be available within defense and the ... |
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| The Aerosol Models in MODTRAN: Incorporating Selected Measurements From Northern Australia |
DEC 2005 |
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| Authors:
Stephen B. Carr; DEFENCE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ORGANISATION EDINBURGH (AUSTRALIA) INTELLIGENCE SURVEILLANCE AND RECONNAISSANCE DIV
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| The aerosol models in MODTRAN are discussed. The focus in this report is on the boundary layer aerosol. The second part of the report outlines the major results of aircraft measurements of atmospheric aerosol obtained around Jabiru, N.T., in June and September 2003. These measurements are used to obtain theoretical multimode size distribution functions. The chemistry composition measurements are used with selected results from the literature to derive spectral refractive ... |
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| Distributed Multisensor Fusion System Specification and Evaluation Issues |
OCT 2005 |
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| Authors:
Jonathan A. Legg; DEFENCE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ORGANISATION EDINBURGH (AUSTRALIA) INTELLIGENCE SURVEILLANCE AND RECONNAISSANCE DIV
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| This report discusses the tracking and sensor fusion issues that should be addressed during the specification or evaluation of a distributed, multisensor surveillance system for the provision of a common situational awareness picture or remote weapons control data. These issues include low level sensor data, sensor registration, target state estimation, sensor networking, sensor control, hardware and software, and performance specification and assessment. |
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| Detection and Tracking of Corner Points for Structure from Motion |
01 AUG 2005 |
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| Authors:
Tristrom Cooke; Robert Whatmough; DEFENCE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ORGANISATION EDINBURGH (AUSTRALIA) INTELLIGENCE SURVEILLANCE AND RECONNAISSANCE DIV
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| This report describes the first stage in solving the structure from motion problem, which is to detect feature points and track them from frame to frame. A number of detectors from the literature, as well as some specially developed detectors, are assessed using a fly-over sequences of Parafield control tower. It is found by this measure that the Harris detector is the best of the conventional detectors, and that two ... |
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| On the Use of Entropy for Optimal Radar Resource Management and Control |
14 APR 2005 |
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| Authors:
Paul E. Berry; David A. Fogg; DEFENCE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ORGANISATION EDINBURGH (AUSTRALIA) INTELLIGENCE SURVEILLANCE AND RECONNAISSANCE DIV
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| The use of information entropy as a quantitative measure of uncertainty for radar resource management and control objectives is explored and applied to issues of current interest. It is seen to be rigorous and objective, and therefore potentially superior to heuristic, rule-based approaches for problems that can be formulated in probabilistic terms. It is particularly appropriate for sensor systems in general that have as their objective the acquisition of information, ... |
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| Non-Stationary Interference Cancellation in HF Surface Wave Radar |
14 APR 2005 |
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| Authors:
Giuseppe A. Fabrizio; Alex B. Gershman; Mike D. Turley; DEFENCE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ORGANISATION EDINBURGH (AUSTRALIA) INTELLIGENCE SURVEILLANCE AND RECONNAISSANCE DIV
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| High frequency (HF) interference in surface wave over-the-horizon (OTH) radars typically exhibits a time-varying or non-stationary spatial structure. Adaptive beamformers that update the spatial filtering weight vector within the coherent processing interval (CPI) are likely to suppress such interference most effectively, but the intra-CPI antenna pattern fluctuations result in temporal de-correlation of the clutter which severely degrades sub-clutter visibility after Doppler processing. A robust adaptive beamformer that effectively suppresses non-stationary ... |
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Reports by Corporate Author
