| Standard Operating Procedures (SOP's) for The Level 3 Biocontainment Facilities at the Defence Research Establishment Suffield (DRES) |
APR 97 |
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| Authors:
John W. Cherwonogrodzky; Leslie P. Nagata; Douglas E. Bader; Bill Kournikakis; DEFENCE RESEARCH ESTABLISHMENT SUFFIELD RALSTON (ALBERTA)
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 | The document gives insight and guidelines for the handling and use of infectious agents for research at the Defence Research Establishment Suffield (DRES). It is divided into 4 parts, the first gives general information on the topic, the second provides information (Standard Operating Procedures, SOP) on how to do the work safely and effectively, the third gives additional detail on what to do in case of emergencies and the fourth ... |
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| Assessment of Commercial Alternatives to the C4 Mask For Use in Moderate to High Risk Biological Scenarios |
FEB 97 |
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| Authors:
B. Kournikakis; R. K. Harding; J. R. Tremblay; M. Simpson; DEFENCE RESEARCH ESTABLISHMENT SUFFIELD RALSTON (ALBERTA)
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| There are an increasing number of possible scenarios for the Canadian Forces where protection from a biological threat is required. These scenarios extend beyond the threat of biological warfare and include contingency operations, such as peacekeeping and humanitarian operations. Many of the diseases we consider as potential biological warfare threats exist as endemic diseases in many parts of the world. While the Canadian Forces C4 mask would provide protection against ... |
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| Military Casualty Estimation for Realistic Chemical and Biological Warfare Agent Cloud Concentration Challenges |
31 DEC 96 |
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| Authors:
Eugene Yee; Honglin Ye; DEFENCE RESEARCH ESTABLISHMENT SUFFIELD RALSTON (ALBERTA)
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| A simple and pragmatic methodology for casualty estimation for exposed military personnel in the hazard zone downwind of the release of a chemical or biological warfare (CBW) agent is developed. The use of a non-linear toxic load in conjunction with the probit method for the characterization of the concentration-time mortality response to a constant CBW agent concentration exposure is described. A method is proposed for extrapolating to humans the concentration-time ... |
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| High Resolution Liquid Chromatographic Mass Spectrometric Identification of Peptides Using Electrospray Ionization |
NOV 96 |
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| Authors:
J. R. Hancock; P. A. D'Agostino; Lionel Provost; P. D. Semchuk; R. S. Hodges; DEFENCE RESEARCH ESTABLISHMENT SUFFIELD RALSTON (ALBERTA)
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| High resolution liquid chromatography electrospray mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS) was investigated for the identification of known and unknown peptides in a research effort designed to evaluate the applicability of this and complementary MS techniques for the characterization and identification of peptides. The monoisotopic molecular weights of five related peptides with molecular weights between 2000 and 2500 Da, typical of bioactive peptides, were acquired with a magnetic sector resolution of 3000 (10% ... |
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| Antibody-Based Hand-held Test Kits for Monitoring and Identification of Toxins and Biological Warfare Agents: Procedures for NATO Project Group 32 Phase II Round Robin Trials |
SEP 96 |
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| Authors:
R. E. Fulton; L. Stadnyk; C. Kayfish; DEFENCE RESEARCH ESTABLISHMENT SUFFIELD RALSTON (ALBERTA)
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| In July 1996, DRES was host to NATO Project Group 32 (Antibody-based Hand-held Test Kits for Monitoring and Identification of Toxins and Biological Warfare Agents) for the development and conduct of round robin trials in which handheld test kits were evaluated for sensitivity, specificity and reaction time in identification of Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B in samples containing a variety of potential assay interferents. For these trials, DRES developed a battery of ... |
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| NATO Panel VII/SICA International Training Exercise on the Identification of Peptides |
SEP 96 |
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| Authors:
J. R. Hancock; P. A. D'Agostino; DEFENCE RESEARCH ESTABLISHMENT SUFFIELD RALSTON (ALBERTA)
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| The revision of the Terms of Reference for NATO's Sampling and Identification of Chemical/Biological Agents (SICA) subgroup to include the entire CB agent spectrum and the current lack of analytical methods for mid- spectrum agents prompted SICA to hold an international training exercise focussing on the identification of these agents. From the 11 NATO countries represented on the SICA subpanel, laboratories from Canada (host nation), Denmark, Netherlands, Norway, United Kingdom ... |
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| Ionizing Radiation Safety |
JUL 96 |
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| Authors:
M. L. McDonald; W. G. Soucey; DEFENCE RESEARCH ESTABLISHMENT SUFFIELD RALSTON (ALBERTA)
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| This publication briefly describes tile DRES ionizing radiation safety program, functions of the Radiation Safety Officer (Rad SO), user responsibilities and general procedures for working with radioisotopes. For purposes of this document, Ionizing Radiation is defined as electromagnetic radiation (gamma rays or x-rays) or particulate radiation (alpha particles, beta particles and neutrons) capable of producing ions, directly or indirectly, by passage through matter. The subjects of radio frequency and laser ... |
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| Identification of Bioactive Peptides by High Resolution Liquid Chromatography-ElectroSpray Mass Spectrometry |
APR 96 |
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| Authors:
P. A. D Agostino; J. R. Hancock; L. R. Provost; DEFENCE RESEARCH ESTABLISHMENT SUFFIELD RALSTON (ALBERTA)
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| A bioactive peptide database of electospray mass spectra (ESI-MS) was established during the development of high resolution liquid chromatographic ESI-MS analytical methods with a magnetic sector instrument. High resolution ESI-MS data for a variety of bioactive peptides, including substance P (and related peptides), bradykinins, bombesins (and related peptides) and a Conus snail toxin, were acquired over a wide mass range by scanning the magnetic sector and calibrating externally with polyethylene ... |
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| A Non-Linear Dose-Response Model with an Application to the Reconstruction of the Human Mortality Response Surface from Acute Inhalation Toxicity with Sarin |
APR 96 |
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| Authors:
Eugene C. Yee; DEFENCE RESEARCH ESTABLISHMENT SUFFIELD RALSTON (ALBERTA)
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| The use of a non-linear toxic load in conjunction with the probit method for the characterization of the time-concentration-mortality relationship of a toxic gas is described. The basic principles underlying the extrapolation of the time-concentration-mortality relationships from animal to humans are examined. These methods are illustrated with reference to the re-evaluation of the raw data from a previously published study of a large-scale experiment on the acute inhalation toxicity of ... |
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| Toxins: The Emerging Threat |
APR 96 |
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| Authors:
Murray G. Hamilton; DEFENCE RESEARCH ESTABLISHMENT SUFFIELD RALSTON (ALBERTA)
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| Toxins, which are non-replicating chemical agents of biological origin, are relatively anonymous chemical warfare agents even though some are among the most exquisitely lethal substances known. This report categorizes toxins, also known as mid spectrum agents, especially with respect to similarities and differences to classical chemical and biological agents. Areas of potential legitimate and non-legitimate use are discussed and examples of some recently identified toxins are provided. Defensive research initiatives ... |
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| Hazardous Waste Management at Defence Research Establishment Suffield |
MAR 96 |
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| Authors:
John M. McAndless; DEFENCE RESEARCH ESTABLISHMENT SUFFIELD RALSTON (ALBERTA)
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| DRES has developed a waste management program to address the issue of hazardous waste generated by Establishment research and development activities. The types of waste generated are typical of industrial or university chemical laboratories but include several types of special waste streams such as radioactive tracers, chemical warfare agent residues, biological materials as well as old chemical-filled ordnance items found on the DRES Experimental Proving Ground. This Report outlines the ... |
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| Evaluation of a Sandwich Gene Probe Assay for Newcastle Disease Virus |
FEB 96 |
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| Authors:
Douglas E. Bader; Darrin Gray; DEFENCE RESEARCH ESTABLISHMENT SUFFIELD RALSTON (ALBERTA)
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| A sandwich gene probe assay was evaluated in comparison to a direct gene probe assay. The target sequence used in each of the assays was a 673 bp DNA fragment of the major nucleocapsid protein gene of NDV. In the direct probe assay, the 673 bp DNA fragment was labelled with digoxigenin and hybridized to unlabelled 673 bp target DNA. In the sandwich assay, the target DNA was detected using ... |
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| A Rational Basis for Accounting for the Impact of Concentration on Toxicological Assessment and Estimation of Injury Resulting From the Release of Chemical and Biological Warfare Agents |
JAN 96 |
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| Authors:
Eugene Yee; DEFENCE RESEARCH ESTABLISHMENT SUFFIELD RALSTON (ALBERTA)
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| A rational, consistent, and simple methodology for the estimation of the degree of injury or damage to exposed military personnel around a chemical or biological warfare (CBW) agent release is developed. The proposed hazard analysis methodology places particular emphasis on the following important factors: (1) recognition that the toxicity of rapidly acting inhaled toxic materials is usually highly nonlinear, and use of a nonlinear toxic load to quantify this effect; ... |
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| Gene Probe Assay of Viral Nucleic Acid Using a Silicon Biosensor |
JAN 96 |
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| Authors:
Douglas E. Bader; Glen R. Fisher; William E. Lee; DEFENCE RESEARCH ESTABLISHMENT SUFFIELD RALSTON (ALBERTA)
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| The use ot a silicon-based biosensor for a gene probe assay is described. The target analyte, a 391 base pair DNA fragment, was mixed with a pair of probes, one labelled with biotin, the other with fluorescein, and hybridized in homogeneous solution phase. The hybridized product was separated by biotin- streptavidin mediated filtration capture and detected using a light- addressable potentiometric sensor which monitored the presence of urease conjugated (anti-fluorescein) ... |
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| Electrospray Mass Spectra of Therapeutic Oximes: HI-6, HS-6, Obidoxime, 2-Pam, TMB-4 and HLoe-7 |
DEC 95 |
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| Authors:
P. A. D'Agostino; L. R. Provost; J. R. Hancock; C. A. Boulet; DEFENCE RESEARCH ESTABLISHMENT SUFFIELD RALSTON (ALBERTA)
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| Pyridinium and bis-pyridinium oxime salts are currently in use or under development for treatment of patients exposed to organophosphorus nerve agents. The limited volatility and thermal lability of these compounds limits the number of mass spectrometric approaches that may be used to characterize these important compounds. Electrospray mass spectrometry, a relatively new ionization approach, was investigated as a possible technique for the identification of these oximes and their degradation products. ... |
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| Development of a Microplate Gene Probe Assay for Newcastle Disease Virus |
OCT 95 |
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| Authors:
Douglas E. Bader; Jane Lewis; DEFENCE RESEARCH ESTABLISHMENT SUFFIELD RALSTON (ALBERTA)
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| A microplate gene probe assay for Newcastle disease virus was developed to take advantage of enhancements in automation and machine- readable quantitation over membrane-based assay formats. A 673 base pair double-stranded DNA fragment of the major nucleocapsid protein gene of Newcastle disease virus was labelled with a non-radioactive molecule (digoxigenin) and used as a probe against denatured, unlabelled DNA bound to 96-well, polystyrene microtiter plates. The probe/target complex was detected ... |
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| Recent Canadian Experience in Chemical Warfare Agent Destruction. An Overview |
SEP 95 |
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| Authors:
J. M. McAndless; DEFENCE RESEARCH ESTABLISHMENT SUFFIELD RALSTON (ALBERTA)
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| A Canadian chemical warfare agent destruction project (Swiftsure) was recently completed in which stockpiles of aged mustard, lewisite, nerve agents and contaminated scrap metal were incinerated or chemically neutralized in a safe, environmentally-responsible manner. The project scope, destruction technologies, environmental monitoring and public consultation programs are described. jg p.3 |
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| Construction of a Recombinant Viral Vector Containing Part of the Nucleocapsid Protein Gene of Newcastle Disease Virus |
SEP 95 |
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| Authors:
Douglas E. Bader; DEFENCE RESEARCH ESTABLISHMENT SUFFIELD RALSTON (ALBERTA)
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| This report describes the procedures used to clone a 673 base pair gene fragment of the major nucleocapsid protein gene of Newcastle disease virus into a viral vector molecule for the purpose of maintaining a stable, long-term, renewable source of this target sequence for gene probe studies. The gene fragment was prepared by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction of Newcastle disease virus RNA and was cloned into the viral DNA vector ... |
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| Development of Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISAS) to Anthrax for the Persian Gulf |
JUL 95 |
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| Authors:
Les P. Nagata; Fay L. Schmalty; Carol Balogh; A. R. Bhatti; John W. Cherwonogrodzky; DEFENCE RESEARCH ESTABLISHMENT SUFFIELD RALSTON (ALBERTA)
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| This report details the research that went into the bacterial component of the enzyme-based immunoassays developed for the Mobile Agent Identification Unit (MAGIDU), and were deployed during Operation Friction in the Persian Gulf in 1991. A rapid whole cell enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was quickly developed for the identification of selected bacterial agents. The early research concentrated on the identification of Bacillus anthracis whole cells, and the resulting assays were ... |
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| Identification of lle-Ser-Bradykinin in Aqueous Samples by Liquid Chromatography with Ultraviolet and Electrospray Mass Spectrometric Detection |
JUN 95 |
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| Authors:
James R. Hancock; Paul A. D'Agostino; Lionel R. Provost; DEFENCE RESEARCH ESTABLISHMENT SUFFIELD RALSTON (ALBERTA)
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| The Canadian Forces (CF) may be called on to perform peacekeeping or peacemaking operations in regions of the world where there is a significant threat of chemical/biological warfare agent use. To operate effectively in these theatres the CF must be able to identify the exact nature of the chemical/ biological agent(s). Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), is a powerful analytical technique for the resolution of compounds in complex sample matrices. DRE ... |
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| An Assessment of the Effects of Concentration Fluctuations on the Penetration of Toxic Vapors Through a Carbon Bed |
MAY 95 |
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| Authors:
Eugene C. Yee; DEFENCE RESEARCH ESTABLISHMENT SUFFIELD RALSTON (ALBERTA)
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| A simple mathematical model for the penetration of a vapor through an adsorbent carbon bed has been used to investigate the effects of naturally induced concentration fluctuations on the breakthrough time and the degree of penetration through the bed. The model shows that the breakthrough profile through a carbon bed at time t(sub r) depends on the instantaneous inlet concentration at the retarded time t(sub r) and on the dosage ... |
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| Capillary Zone Electrophoresis Analysis and Detection of Mid-Spectrum Biological Warfare Agents |
APR 95 |
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| Authors:
Camille A. Boulet; Carol Townsley; DEFENCE RESEARCH ESTABLISHMENT SUFFIELD RALSTON (ALBERTA)
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| DRE Suffield has initiated a research program to develop methods and equipment for field detection and laboratory identification of mid-spectrum agents, molecules of biological origin such as proteins, peptides and toxins. In this study, a highly efficient and reproducible capillary zone electrophoresis method was developed to separate and identify a series of nine peptides of defence interest: bradykinin, bradykinin fragment 1-5, substance P,ARG8-vasopressin, luteinizing hormone releasing hormone, bombesin, leucine enkephalin, ... |
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| Capillary Column Gas Chromatographic - Tandem Mass Spectrometric Characterization of Irritants |
JAN 95 |
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| Authors:
Paul A. D'Agostino; Lionel R. Provost; DEFENCE RESEARCH ESTABLISHMENT SUFFIELD RALSTON (ALBERTA)
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| Daughter spectra were obtained for the molecular and principal electron impact fragmentation ions of four irritants, 1- methoxycycloheptatriene, 2-chloroacetophenone, o- chlorobenzylidenemalononitrile and dibenzB, F-1, 4-oxazepin, during capillary column GC-MS/MS analysis. The use of standardized collisional activated dissociation cell conditions resulted in the acquisition of reproducible daughter spectra suitable for identification and data-base generation purposes. Daughter operation detection limits of 100 pg (S/N > 10:1), for the highest molecular weight irritant, ... |
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| Detection of BW Agents: Dugway Trinational BW Field Trial 20-30 October 1993, Dugway, Utah. Mobile Aerosol Sampling Unit Data Analysis |
JAN 95 |
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| Authors:
J. Ho; M. Spence; G. R. Fisher; DEFENCE RESEARCH ESTABLISHMENT SUFFIELD RALSTON (ALBERTA)
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| An aerosol of BW simulant (BG spores) was generated by Micronair disseminators as a point source at 800 m from sampling systems. Propylene gas was also disseminated concurrently as a tracer. Collection and measurement of aerosol were perform by Mobile Aerosol Sampling Unit (MASU) consisting of an Aerodynamic Particle Sizer particle sizer and a dichotomous sampler. Environmental data (wind speed and direction among others) were also logged to assist analysis ... |
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| Fluorescence Immunofiltration Assay of Brucella Melitensis |
JAN 95 |
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| Authors:
William E. Lee; John G. Hall; H. G. Thompson; DEFENCE RESEARCH ESTABLISHMENT SUFFIELD RALSTON (ALBERTA)
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| Detection of biological materials can be carried out using a silicon-based light addressable potentiometric (LAP) sensor in conjunction with filtration-capture immunoassay. The immunoassay employs a fluorescein-conjugated antibody directed against a target antigen plus a second urease-labelled antibody directed against fluorescein. The assay system is useful for measuring protein, virus and bacteria in aqueous samples and has been employed in automated prototypes of the Biochemical Detector. Although fluorescein is employed in ... |
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| High Resolution Electrospray Mass Spectrometry with a Magnetic Sector Instrument: Accurate Mass Measurement and Peptide Sequencing |
JAN 95 |
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| Authors:
P. A. D'Agostino; J. R. Hancock; L. R. Provost; P. D. Semchuk; R. S. Hodges; DEFENCE RESEARCH ESTABLISHMENT SUFFIELD RALSTON (ALBERTA)
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| The accurate molecular weights for a series of thirty-eight unknown synthetic peptides used in research studies involving synthetic vaccines, antibacterial peptides or the de novo design of helical peptides and proteins, were determined with a magnetic sector instrument. All data were obtained with external calibration over a wide mass range during magnetic scanning. Errors between observed and theoretical monoisotopic molecular weights were typically in the 5 to 60 ppm range ... |
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| Ion Mobility Signatures of Pyrolyzed Biological Materials |
DEC 94 |
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| Authors:
T. V. Jacobson; A. R. Bhatti; DEFENCE RESEARCH ESTABLISHMENT SUFFIELD RALSTON (ALBERTA)
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| This report describes observations made of the response of a Chemical Agent Monitor (CAM) to vapours from the pyrolysis of a few non- volatile organic materials. The goal of these measurements was to determine if a CAM, with a membrane in its inlet air flow, can respond to these vapours. The CAM was operated in both its operational modes (G or nerve mode and H or vesicant mode). Ion mobility ... |
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| Development and Evaluation of a Non-Radioactive, Colorimetric, Membrane- Based Gene Probe Assay for Newcastle Disease Virus |
DEC 94 |
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| Authors:
Douglas E. Bader; Glen R. Fisher; DEFENCE RESEARCH ESTABLISHMENT SUFFIELD RALSTON (ALBERTA)
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| A non-radioactive, membrane-based, colorimetric gene probe assay was developed for Newcastle disease virus (NDV) to evaluate the potential of gene probes as tools for the identification of biological agents. Two gene probes for the NDV major nucleocapsid protein gene were evaluated, namely, (i) a digoxigenin-labelled, double-stranded DNA fragment of approximately 673 base pairs designated as dig-NDVNP673 and (ii) a 5'-fluorescein-labelled, single- stranded oligonucleotide ... |
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| Brucella, Brucellosis, Undulant Fever, AB - Is It a Threat? A Review in Question and Answer Form |
NOV 94 |
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| Authors:
J. W. Cherwonogrodzky; V. L. Di Ninno; DEFENCE RESEARCH ESTABLISHMENT SUFFIELD RALSTON (ALBERTA)
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| Brief summaries are given on several topics related to the medical significance of the Brucella spp. (AB) and its resulting disease, brucellosis (also called 'undulant fever '). Some of the topics include reasons for and against the use of brucellosis as a weapon, aerosolization, its persistence in the environment, relative pathogenicity of the different species, possible roles of molecular biology, the development of vaccines, antibiotics, and antisera, reduction of inoculations, ... |
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| Experimental Evaluation of the Apparent Temperature Contrast Created by Buried Mines as Seen by an IR Imager |
NOV 94 |
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| Authors:
Jean-Robert Simard; DEFENCE RESEARCH ESTABLISHMENT SUFFIELD RALSTON (ALBERTA)
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| The detection of buried mines is a problem of prime interest internationally. One potential method to succeed in this task is to use passive IR imaging to form thermal images of the soil surface. Even though this technique has been intensively investigated for the last 15 years, only few publicly reported studies show quantitative measures of the apparent temperature contrast at the soil surface above buried mines. This document aims ... |
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| Enhancement of Cell Mediated Immunity Through Non-Specific Immunostimulation with Liposome Encapsulated Gamma-Interferon |
APR 94 |
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| Authors:
J. P. Wong; B. Kournikakis; E. G. Saravolac; L. C. Gorton; DEFENCE RESEARCH ESTABLISHMENT SUFFIELD RALSTON (ALBERTA)
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| The ability of liposome-encapsulated gamma interferon (LIP-gamma IFN) to stimulate mouse cell-mediated immunity was assessed both in vivo and in vitro. The enhancement of the cell-mediated immune response was demonstrated in vitro by a chemiluminescent assay which measured the phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophages. Peritoneal macrophages harvested from mice treated with gamma interferon (gamma IFN) or muramyldipeptide showed significant increases in both macrophage yield as well as in ability to ... |
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| Clinical Study of a New Therapy for Nerve Agent Poisoning: Ascending Dose Tolerance Study of HI-6 + Atropine |
APR 94 |
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| Authors:
J. G. Clement; H. D. Madill; D. Bailey; J. D. Spence; DEFENCE RESEARCH ESTABLISHMENT SUFFIELD RALSTON (ALBERTA)
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| This report details a double-blind, placebo controlled, ascending dose tolerance and pharmacokinetic study of HI-6 + atropine sulfate 2 mg in 24 healthy male volunteers. HI-6 was rapidly absorbed from an IM injection site. Maximum HI-6 plasma concentrations of 1.88, 4.96, 8.31 and 15.0 micrograms/mL were found 30-36 min after administration and maintained above 4 micrograms/mL concentration for 0, 39, 112 and 172.5 min following injection of 62.5, 125, 250 ... |
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| Project Swiftsure Final Report: Destruction of Chemical Agent Waste at Defence Research Establishment Suffield |
APR 94 |
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| Authors:
John M. McAndless; DEFENCE RESEARCH ESTABLISHMENT SUFFIELD RALSTON (ALBERTA)
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| Project Swiftsure describes a three-year project at the Defence Research Establishment Suffield to safely destroy stockpiles of mustard lewisite, nerve agents and decontaminate scrap material which was stored on the DRES Experimental Proving Ground. Using both in-house and contracted resources, the agent waste was destroyed by chemical neutralization or incineration. With the exception of the arsenic byproducts from the lewisite neutralization process, all secondary waste generated by chemical neutralization was ... |
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| Tandem Mass Spectrometric Characterization of Chemical Warfare Agents |
MAR 94 |
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| Authors:
Paul A. D'Agostino; Lionel R. Provost; DEFENCE RESEARCH ESTABLISHMENT SUFFIELD RALSTON (ALBERTA)
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| Daughter spectra were obtained for the principal electron impact ions of sarin, soman, mustard and tabun during capillary column GC-MS/MS analysis with a hybrid tandem mass spectrometer. The use of standardized collisional activated dissociation cell conditions resulted standard in the acquisition of reasonably reproducible daughter spectra that would enable data-base generation and subsequent searching. Detection limits for daughter operation were subnanogram with the sensitivity being approximately the same as that ... |
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| Identification of Dimethylpyrophosphonate Decomposition Products of VX |
MAR 94 |
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| Authors:
P. A. D'Agostino; C. A. Boulet; DEFENCE RESEARCH ESTABLISHMENT SUFFIELD RALSTON (ALBERTA)
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| The detection and identification of decomposition products of chemical warfare agents can be used to investigate allegations of chemical warfare agent use or trace synthetic routes and sources. Compounds which contain a P-CH3 bond are particularly important as these compounds can provide evidence for organophosphorus nerve agents. Capillary column GC-MS analysis of a distillation fraction of O-ethyl S-(2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl) methylphosphonothiolate (VX) indicated several additional components comprising about 10% if the volatile ... |
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| The Effect of 2-Methyl-Substituted Nitroimidazoles on the Hydrolysis of 4-Nitrophenyl Esters |
MAR 94 |
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| Authors:
R. G. Clewley; C. P. Adie; B. H. Brouwer; DEFENCE RESEARCH ESTABLISHMENT SUFFIELD RALSTON (ALBERTA)
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| Prior to investigating nitroimidazole surfactants for use in a new catalytic chemical agent decontaminant, the catalysis afforded by simple nitroimidazoles in hydrolysis reactions has been examined. The effect of 2- methyl-5-nitroimidazole on the hydrolysis of 4-nitrophenyl diphenylphosphinate and of 2-methyl-5-nitrobenzimidazole on the hydrolyses of both 4-nitrophenyl diphenylphosphinate and 4-nitrophenyl acetate has been determined. In all three cases there is a simple linear dependency of the reaction rate on the concentration ... |
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| Assessment of the Persistence of Vapour Evolved from Neat and Thickened Methyl Salicylate on Prairie Terrain |
FEB 94 |
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| Authors:
Stanley B. Mellsen; DEFENCE RESEARCH ESTABLISHMENT SUFFIELD RALSTON (ALBERTA)
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| A series of nine trials, three with neat methyl salicylate and six with methyl salicylate thickened to a zero shear viscosity of six poise, were conducted on prairie terrain. Explosive dissemination was used to provide liquid drops, the size distribution of which appears to obey modern deterministic chaos theory. The vapour recovery rate agrees favourably with the predictions of an existing mathematical model. Persistence on prairie terrain was found to ... |
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| Staphylococcal Enterotoxin: Role of Intestinal Immunity in Enterotoxin B Intoxication |
FEB 94 |
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| Authors:
A. R. Bhatti; V. V. Micussan; DEFENCE RESEARCH ESTABLISHMENT SUFFIELD RALSTON (ALBERTA)
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| To investigate the role of intestinal immunity in staphylococcal enterotoxins intoxication. We have chosen the mouse as experimental model, which although resistant to enterotoxins, has a certain advantage by not having an emetic mechanism, thus no loss in peroral administered enterotoxin takes place. Parenteral administration of enterotoxins induced a high titer of specific antibodies in serum, mainly of IgG and IgG2a subclasses. Peroral administration of enterotoxin elicited a good response ... |
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| Immunoassay of Newcastle Disease Virus and Anti-NDV in Mouse Serum Using a Light-Addressable Potentiometric Sensor |
FEB 94 |
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| Authors:
Brenda Wikjord; H. G. Thompson; William E. Lee; DEFENCE RESEARCH ESTABLISHMENT SUFFIELD RALSTON (ALBERTA)
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| A rapid non-radioactive sandwich immunoassay which utilizes biotin- streptavidin mediated filtration capture of immune complexes in conjunction with a silicon sensor was developed for the detection of virus and antibody to virus in serum. Using Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) and mouse anti-NDV IgG spiked into mouse serum as a clinical-style model, the lower limits of detection (LOD) were determined. The LODs per test site were 1 ng for NDV and ... |
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| Capillary Column GC-MS/MS Confirmation of Phosphate Esters with a Hybrid Tandem Mass Spectrometer |
FEB 94 |
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| Authors:
Paul A. D'Agostino; Lionel R. Provost; DEFENCE RESEARCH ESTABLISHMENT SUFFIELD RALSTON (ALBERTA)
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| Daughter, parent, constant neutral loss and multiple reaction ion monitoring were all evaluated for the detection and confirmation of phosphate esters during capillary column GC-MS/MS analysis with a hybrid tandem mass spectrometer. Constant neutral loss and parent modes involve scanning of the sector, thus reducing the benefits of higher sector resolution, while daughter and multiple reaction ion monitoring data may be acquired with higher sector resolution. The benefit of sector ... |
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| Fibre Optic Biosensor Assay of Newcastle Disease Virus |
OCT 93 |
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| Authors:
William E. Lee; H. G. Thompson; DEFENCE RESEARCH ESTABLISHMENT SUFFIELD RALSTON (ALBERTA)
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| A fluorometric sandwich immunoassay for Newcastle disease virus (NDV) was developed using a fibre optic biosensor. Antibodies directed against NDV were covalently attached to the surface of silane-coated quartz fibres and were used to capture the antigen onto the optical element. Fluorescein-labelled anti- NDV served as the detector antibody. Assay times were approximately 10 min in duration with a limit of detection of 5 ng of purified virus. The biosensor ... |
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| Detection of BW Agents: Flow Cytometry Measurement of Bacillus subtillis (BG) Spore Fluorescence |
OCT 93 |
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| Authors:
J. Ho; G. Fisher; DEFENCE RESEARCH ESTABLISHMENT SUFFIELD RALSTON (ALBERTA)
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| The aim of this report is to demonstrate that flow cytometry (FC), a tool originally designed for mammalian cell studies, can be used to characterise micron size particles such as bacteria and spores. A commercial instrument optimised for microorganisms has been used to measure light scattering and fluorescent signals emitted from a single spore. The results show that exciting a spore with 365 nm light can provide three sets of ... |
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| Sensitive Fluorogenic Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay: Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B |
OCT 93 |
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| Authors:
A. R. Bhatti; Y. M. Siddiqui; V. V. Micusan; DEFENCE RESEARCH ESTABLISHMENT SUFFIELD RALSTON (ALBERTA)
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| A highly sensitive four layer fluorogenic enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (FELISA) has been developed for the defection and identification of staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB). The sandwich FELISA exhibited maximum sensitivity and detected 0.1 ag or 100 fg ml-1,quantities of purified SEB of the test samples. The monoclonal antibodies raised against SEB and used in FELISA reacted very specifically with SEB only. The FELISA is simple to perform and results can be ... |
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| Public Consultation During a Chemical Warfare Agent Destruction Project |
SEP 93 |
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| Authors:
J. M. McAndless; DEFENCE RESEARCH ESTABLISHMENT SUFFIELD RALSTON (ALBERTA)
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| In 1989, a three-year project was initiated to destroy old chemical warfare agent waste stored at the Defence Research Establishment Suffield. Chemical neutralization and incineration technologies were employed to destroy bulk agent stocks and contaminated scrap on-site using both in-house and contracted resources. Prior to commencing destruction operations, a pro-active public consultation program was implemented to address initial concerns about the potential safety and environmental impacts associated with this project. ... |
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| Sample Preparation and Identification Techniques for Chemical Warfare Agents: A General Survey for the Revised NATO AC/225 (PANEL /VII) AEP-10 Edition 4 Handbook, Volume 1, Chapter 3 |
AUG 93 |
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| Authors:
J. R. Hancock; DEFENCE RESEARCH ESTABLISHMENT SUFFIELD RALSTON (ALBERTA)
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| Sample preparation and identification techniques for chemical warfare agents were surveyed as part of Canada's contribution to a joint NATO project to update the NATO AEP-10 Handbook. Sample preparation techniques such as solid phase extraction, supercritical fluid extraction and derivatization were reviewed with respect to their applicability to chemical warfare agents. Identification techniques including; gas chromatography, mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy were examined in light of the need ... |
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| Clinical Study of a New Therapy for Nerve Agent Poisoning: Ascending Dose Tolerance Study of HI-6 + Atropine. |
13 MAY 1993 |
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| Authors:
J. G. Clement; D. G. Bailey; H. D. Madill; J. D. Spence; DEFENCE RESEARCH ESTABLISHMENT SUFFIELD RALSTON (ALBERTA)
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| HI-6 was rapidly absorbed from an IM injection site. Maximum HI-6 plasma concentrations of 1.88, 4.96, 8.31 & 15.0 ug/ml were found 28-36 min after administration and maintained above 4 ug/ml concentration for 0, 39, 112 & 172.5 min following administration of 62.5, 125, 250 or 500 mg HI-6 + atropine (2 mg), respectively. The calculated half life of HI-6 was 78.2 min following 62.5 mg HI-6 + atropine dose ... |
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| Optimization of a Transient Transfection Assay in COS-1 Cells |
APR 93 |
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| Authors:
Les P. Nagata; DEFENCE RESEARCH ESTABLISHMENT SUFFIELD RALSTON (ALBERTA)
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| A transient transfection assay was developed in cos-1 cells to evaluate the level of expression of genes cloned into eucaryotic expression vectors containing the SV40 origin of replication. Transfection yields were quantitated using an indicator plasmid containing the Beta-galactosidase gene. Using this plasmid, individual transfected cells could be visualized with a stain containing a chromogenic substrate for B-galactosidase. In a comparison between two liposome reagents, Lipofectin TM and TransfectACE TM, ... |
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| Estimation of Depth, Orientation, Length and Diameter of Long, Horizontal Ferrous Rods Using a Fluxgate Magnetometer |
APR 93 |
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| Authors:
John E. McFee; Robert Ellingson; John Elliott; Yogadhish Das; DEFENCE RESEARCH ESTABLISHMENT SUFFIELD RALSTON (ALBERTA)
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| A patented hand-held instrument has been built that is the first instrument to explicitly locate ferrous rods parallel to and buried behind or beneath a plane of measurement by analysing magnetic field position data. The instrument has several useful applications, in particular the detection and characterization of reinforcing steel in concrete. The instrument consists of a fluxgate magnetometer and position sensor unit enclosed in a small box which is moved ... |
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| Thermal Cycler Temperature Variation and Its Effect on the Polymerase Chain Reaction |
MAR 93 |
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| Authors:
Doug E. Bader; DEFENCE RESEARCH ESTABLISHMENT SUFFIELD RALSTON (ALBERTA)
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| This study was undertaken to investigate the source of variation in Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) amplification assays that we have encountered periodically in our studies. Two approaches, namely, PCR/agarose gel analysis and thermal probe analysis, were used in this investigation. PCR/agarose gel analysis demonstrated random variation in the quantity and quality of amplified product from well to well, both within and between trials. Several modifications to the procedure did not ... |
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| Characteristics of the Biochemical Detector Sensor |
MAR 93 |
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| Authors:
William E. Lee; Thor V. Jacobson; H. G. Thompson; DEFENCE RESEARCH ESTABLISHMENT SUFFIELD RALSTON (ALBERTA)
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| The biosensor module of the Biochemical Detector (BCD) concept model is compose of two major subsystems, a light-addressable potentiometric (LAP) sensor and a fluidic processor. The biosensor module is automated to allow for uptake, mixing, and incubation of reagents and sample, filtration of the incubated mixture of reagents and sample through a nitrocellulose membrane, and detection of the membrane-immobilized analyte complexes by means of the LAP sensor. This report describes ... |
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