| Imaging Effects of Neurotrophic Factor Genes on Brain Plasticity and Repair in Multiple Sclerosis |
Jul 2012 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
Heather Wishart; DARTMOUTH COLL HANOVER NH
|
 | The aim of this study is to develop a better biomarker for multiple sclerosis (MS) by combining genotype and imaging data. Patient with MS undergo evaluation to confirm diagnosis and determine disability level. They have blood drawn for genotyping, and undergo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sensitive to focal and diffuse changes in brain tissue (including cortical thickness and subcortical volume measures, lesion volumetry, and voxel-based morphometry and diffusion imaging). We ... |
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| Epithelial and Stromal Spectral Imaging for Rapid Surgical Margin Analysis |
Mar 2012 |
18 pages |
| Authors:
Ashley Laughney; Venkataramanan Krishnaswamy; Keith Paulsen; Brian Pogue; DARTMOUTH COLL HANOVER NH
|
| A new, scanning beam spectroscopy platform was developed to dramatically improved image acquisition speed of localized light scattering. The new scanning in situ spectroscopy platform samples broadband reflectance from a 150 microns diameter spot over a 1 sq cm field using a dark field geometry and telecentric lens; the system was designed to balance sensitivity to stromal and epithelial distributions, while sufficiently imaging the inherent diversity within a diagnosis. The ... |
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| Intraoperative Molecular Imaging for Rapid Assessment of Tumor Margins |
Sep 2011 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
Scott Davis; DARTMOUTH COLL HANOVER NH
|
| The objective of this research is to develop methods for rapid detection of tumor margins during breast cancer surgery using targeted fluorescence-labeled tracers and thus reduce the high rate of repeat surgery. We have developed and characterized a spectrometer-based fluorescence probe system to quantify fluorescence signals in excised tissue. Spectral processing techniques allowed the removal of contaminating tissue auto-fluorescence and provided highly linear responses to reporter concentration. Additionally, a new ... |
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| Development and Validation of an fMRI Pain Metric for MS |
Sep 2011 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
Heather Wishart; DARTMOUTH COLL HANOVER NH
|
| Background and Significance. Pain is common in multiple sclerosis (MS) but is currently under-recognized and under-treated due in part to the absence of adequate metrics. The specific aims of this study are: (1) To create an fMRI pain metric designed specifically for individuals with MS that uses the minimum level of somatosensory stimulation necessary to elicit increased activation of thalamus, cingulate, insula, and sensorimotor cortex ( augmented central pain processing ... |
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| Targeting Breast Cancer Recurrence via Hedgehog-Mediated Sensitization of Breast Cancer Stem Cells |
Jul 2011 |
24 pages |
| Authors:
James Direnzo; DARTMOUTH COLL HANOVER NH
|
| Research supported by this award aims to determine if targeting the hedgehog signaling pathway in breast cancer can reduce breast cancer recurrence. In the United States and other countries with access to advanced cancer care, local and distant breast cancer recurrence accounts for 95% of breast cancer mortality. Additionally, t he life-time risk of breast cancer recurrence is greater than the life-time risk of developing breast cancer in the general ... |
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| Practical Implementation of Electron Spin Resonance in Quantum Dots |
16 DEC 2010 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
Alex Rimberg; DARTMOUTH COLL HANOVER NH
|
| During the course of this research we have developed techniques for practical implementation of electron spin resonance in quantum dots. These include a specialized mount for application of rf magnetic fields to drive electron spin resonance, on-chip matching networks for quantum point contacts and single electron transistors, and integrated nanomagnets that give rise to a field differential between two adjacent dots. We have also developed shot-noise-limited radio-frequency quantum point contacts ... |
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| Intraoperative Molecular Imaging for Rapid Assessment of Tumor Margins |
SEP 2010 |
37 pages |
| Authors:
Scott C. Davis; DARTMOUTH COLL HANOVER NH
|
| The objective of this research is to develop methods for rapid detection of tumor margins during breast cancer surgery using targeted fluorescence-labeled tracers. Three dimensional modeling of tumors in excised tissue has been accomplished and the introduction of spectral resolution in the imaging strategy shows promise for quantifying tumor depth in the tissue. A spectrally-resolved prototype imaging system was developed and initial studies demonstrated the potential to determine the depth ... |
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| Genetic Manipulation Of Mammary Stem Cells to Reconcile Tumor Stem Cell Theory with Breast Cancer Heterogeneity |
JUL 2010 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Justine Hutchinson; DARTMOUTH COLL HANOVER NH
|
| This report serves as a progress report on the second year of my training grant. I have completed my fifth year as a graduate student in Dartmouth Medical School's Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, part of the Program in Experimental Molecular Medicine (PEMM). Dr. James DiRenzo serves as my mentor and chair of my thesis committee. Training Tasks I completed all required coursework and passed the qualifying exam, consisting of ... |
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| MR-Guided Near Infrared Spectroscopy for Reducing Breast Cancer False Positives |
Sep 2009 |
90 pages |
| Authors:
Colin Carpenter; DARTMOUTH COLL HANOVER NH
|
| This project investigated the relationship between optical and magnetic resonance (MR) breast imaging, with the goal of reducing false positives resulting from MR mammography. MR-guided Diffuse Optical Imaging (MRg-DOI), which combines the high sensitivity of breast MR with quantitative images of tissue physiology, may improve differentiation between benign and malignant lesions. This work developed a unique MR breast coil-coupled fiber interface to improve data quality and increase the adjustability of ... |
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| Enabling a Collaborative Problem-Solving Framework Through User Intent Modeling of the Analytic Process |
Aug-2009 |
25 pages |
| Authors:
HIEN NGUYEN; Eugene Santos; DARTMOUTH COLL HANOVER NH
|
| The research team during the CASE project was working on the problem of modeling an analyst's intent in order to improve tacit collaboration among analysts. The actions of an analyst are captured, and their goals and commitment to achieve them are inferred in order to improve effectiveness in collaborative tasks by building a user model to predict an analyst's intent. The targeted sharing of knowledge among analysts assists to reduce ... |
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| Genetic Manipulation of Mammary Stem Cells to Reconcile Tumor Stem Cell Theory with Breast Cancer Heterogeneity |
Jul-2009 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
Justine Hutchinson; DARTMOUTH COLL HANOVER NH
|
| This report serves as a progress report on the first year of my training grant. I have just completed my fourth year as a graduate student in Dartmouth Medical School's Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, part of the Program in Experimental Molecular Medicine (PEMM). Dr. James DiRenzo serves as my mentor and chair of my thesis committee, and also directs the lab where I work, hereafter referred to as the ... |
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| Combined Contrast-Enhanced MRI and Fluorescence Molecular Tomography for Breast Tumor Imaging |
Mar 2009 |
75 pages |
| Authors:
Scott C Davis; DARTMOUTH COLL HANOVER NH
|
| A unique fluorescence molecular tomography system which couples fluorescence data acquisition into the bore of a clinical MRI to image the spatial distribution of fluorescence activity in tissue volumes has been developed and characterized. Signal-to-noise and system sensitivity to fluorophore concentration have been studied extensively. In homogeneous 70 mm diameter cylindrical phantoms, the system shows a linear response to fluorophore concentration down to 1 nM and is sensitive down to ... |
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| Improved Therapy for Breast Cancer by Inhibiting Autophagy |
Oct 2008 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
Alan Eastman; DARTMOUTH COLL HANOVER NH
|
| Inhibitors of growth factor receptors such as trastuzumab (herceptin) or lapatinib inhibit downstream signaling kinases including mTOR which it is predicted would induce the cells to undergo autophagy. While autophagy may eventually result in cell death, for many days it can recycle intracellular molecules, generating ATP to support cell viability. Hence, it is hypothesized that autophagy will protect tumor cells from trastuzumab and lapatinib. Inhibitors of autophagy would then represent ... |
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| Identification of Pro-Differentiation p53 Target Genes and Evaluation of Expression in Normal and Malignant Mammary Gland |
01-Apr-2008 |
36 pages |
| Authors:
Hua Li; DARTMOUTH COLL HANOVER NH
|
| Delta-N-p63 plays a critical role in making decision to preserve or forfeit mammary stem cells/progenitor cells self-renewal capacity. In embryonic stem cells, some transcription factors including oct3/4, nanog, c-myc and Klf-4 are critical to maintain self-renewal and multi-potential stasis. Our study revealed that these key transcription factors also exist in adult mammary stem cells/progenitor cells as well as breast cell lines such as IMEC, MCF-10A, SUM102 and MCF- 7 cells. ... |
|
| Combined Contrast-Enhanced MRI and Fluorescence Molecular Tomography for Breast Tumor Imaging |
01-Mar-2008 |
32 pages |
| Authors:
Scott C Davis; DARTMOUTH COLL HANOVER NH
|
| A unique fluorescence molecular tomography system which couples fluorescence data acquisition into the bore of a clinical MRI to image the spatial distribution of fluorescence activity in tissue volumes has been developed and characterized. Signal-to-noise and system sensitivity to fluorophore concentration have been studied extensively. In homogeneous 70mm diameter cylindrical phantoms, the system shows a linear response to fluorophore concentration down to 1nM and is sensitive down to 10pM. Images ... |
|
| Three-Dimensional Near Infrared Imaging of Pathophysiological Changes Within the Breast |
MAR 2008 |
103 pages |
| Authors:
Phaneendra K. Yalavarthy; DARTMOUTH COLL HANOVER NH
|
| Near Infrared optical imaging is a non-invasive and non-ionizing medical imaging technique that can image functional properties of biological tissue using Near Infrared (NIR) light. Due to the dominance of scattering of light in tissue, modeling of light propagation in tissue requires advanced computational methods. This project was aimed to develop novel computational methods that will lead to use of optical imaging in a routine clinical setting. As a part ... |
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| Real World Cognitive Multi-Tasking and Problem Solving: A Large Scale Cognitive Architecture Simulation Through High Performance Computing-Project Casie |
Mar 2008 |
41 pages |
| Authors:
Santos; Eugene Jr; Kiley McEvoy; Nael Abu-Ghazaleh; Vinay Kolar; Mark Zhang; Zhen Guo; DARTMOUTH COLL HANOVER NH
|
| In its grandest sense, Project CASIE explored the development of a computational system capable of high level perception and problem solving that reflects the cognitive processes of the human brain. Most specifically, it concentrated on better understanding and modeling intuition and insight in a computational fashion. The goal was to address the fundamental problem of modeling and solving communities of tasks from a cognitive point of view through multiple problem ... |
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| Therapeutic Conversion of Viability Promoting MCL1 to Death-Inducing Forms: A Novel Strategy for Breast Cancer |
01 JUL 2007 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
Ruth W. Craig; DARTMOUTH COLL HANOVER NH
|
| The BCL2 family member MCL1 is expressed in breast cancer cells in its full-length, anti-apoptotic form. The goal of this project was to induce conversion of MCL1 to pro-apoptotic forms as a means of enhancing the death of these cells. The approach was identify means of inducing alternate splicing of MCL1 using antisense oligonucleotides, since splice variants are known to promote cell death rather than cell survival. We identified reagents ... |
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| Combined Contrast-Enhanced MRI and Fluorescence Molecular Tomography for Breast Tumor Imaging |
MAR 2007 |
29 pages |
| Authors:
Scott C. Davis; DARTMOUTH COLL HANOVER NH
|
| Fluorescence molecular tomography is an emerging technology to image the spatial distribution of fluorescence activity in tissue volumes with the potential to reduce false positive readings and eliminate the need for stressful biopsy procedures for many women. However the spatial resolution and quantification capabilities of FMT must be improved before realizing this potential. The funded research aims to improve the imaging capabilities of FMT by incorporating the optical imaging system ... |
|
| Three-Dimensional near Infrared Imaging of Pathophysiological Changes within the Breast |
MAR 2007 |
98 pages |
| Authors:
Phaneendra K. Yalavarthy; DARTMOUTH COLL HANOVER NH
|
| Diffuse Optical tomography is a non-invasive and non-ionizing medical imaging technique that can image functional properties of biological tissue using Near Infrared (NIR) light. Image reconstruction methods play an important role in characterizing the breast tissue optical properties. New reconstruction methods/algorithms which improve the quantitative and qualitative accuracy of NIR images are developed. At same time, existing methods/algorithms are optimized for the current clinical set up. Algorithms which will take ... |
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| S14 as a Therapeutic Target in Breast Cancer |
AUG 2006 |
52 pages |
| Authors:
William B. Kinlaw; DARTMOUTH COLL HANOVER NH
|
| This project aimed to determine the importance of "S14", a nuclear protein that signals for lipid synthesis in breast cancer. Our aims were first to develop a model of anti-S14 breast cancer therapy. Intratumoral adenoviral delivery of an S14-antisense gene into human breast cancer cell xenografts significantly inhibited tumor growth and we verified the specificity of this effect using siRNA. We identified two siRNAs that knockdown S14 protein in breast ... |
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| Three Dimensional Reconstruction Algorithm for Imaging Pathophysiological Signals Within Breast Tissue Using Near Infrared Light |
JUL 2006 |
54 pages |
| Authors:
Hamid Dehghani; DARTMOUTH COLL HANOVER NH
|
| Optical tomography is a non-invasive imaging technique that can image properties of biological tissue using Near Infrared light. Under this program, this technique has been used to characterize breast tissue in healthy volunteers as well as detecting tumor in patients. Image reconstruction models and algorithms have been developed, under this program, which incorporates inherent wavelength dependant a-priori information (spectral) as well as concurrently measured MRI structural information (spatial) to show ... |
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| Three Dimensional Reconstruction Algorithm for Imaging Pathophysiological Signals Within Breast Tissue Using Near Infrared Light |
JUL 2006 |
129 pages |
| Authors:
Hamid Dehghani; DARTMOUTH COLL HANOVER NH
|
| Near Infrared (NIR) tomography is an imaging technique that aims to image optical properties of biological tissue. This technique has been used to image and characterize breast tissue in healthy volunteers as well as detecting tumor in patients. Image reconstruction algorithms have been developed, which utilizes inherent wavelength dependant a-priori information (spectral) as well as concurrently measured MRI structural information (spatial) to show that the quantitative and qualitative accuracy is ... |
|
| Improving Symptom Control, QOL, and Quality of Care for Women with Breast Cancer: Developing a Research Program on Neurological Effects via Doctoral Education |
JUN 2006 |
129 pages |
| Authors:
Marie Bakitas; Tim A. Ahles; DARTMOUTH COLL HANOVER NH
|
| The purpose of this traineeship was to develop the academic, clinical, and research skills of an expert advanced practice nurse within the context of a mentor's funded program of research on the Cognitive Effects of Chemotherapy. The scope of the program was to support the trainee's doctoral education with an ultimate career goal of becoming a Clinical Breast Cancer Research Scientist through a mentored research experience. Ms. Bakitas expanded an ... |
|
| Identification of Pro-Differentiation P53 Target Genes and Evaluation of Expression in Normal and Malignant Mammary Gland |
APR 2006 |
38 pages |
| Authors:
Hua Li; Pratima Cherukuri; Alissa Pho; Victoria Cowling; Michael Cole; Andrew K. Godwin; Wendy Wells; James Direnzo; DARTMOUTH COLL HANOVER NH
|
| Tumor stem cell theory implies that causative lesions underlying human malignancies occur and are harbored in multi-potent progenitors with retained proliferative capacity and a prolonged lifespan. Transcriptional profiling of human breast cancers has identified five distinct subtypes of which the basal-epithelial subtype is most aggressive, correlates with poor prognosis, and lacks established molecular targets such as ER alpha, PR and Her2- overexpression. These tumors display a high degree of cellular ... |
|
| S14 as a Therapeutic Target in Breast Cancer |
AUG 2005 |
86 pages |
| Authors:
William Kinlaw; DARTMOUTH COLL HANOVER NH
|
| This project aims to determine the importance of "S14", a nuclear protein that signals for lipid synthesis, in breast cancer. Our aims are first to develop a model of anti-S14 breast cancer therapy in mice. Intratumoral adenoviral delivery of an S14-antisense gene into human breast cancer cell xenografts significantly inhibited tumor growth, and we verified the specificity of this effect using siRNA. We identified two siRNAs that knockdown S14 protein ... |
|
| Improving Symptom Control, QOL, and Quality of Care for Women with Breast Cancer: Developing a Research Program on Neurological Effects via Doctoral Education |
MAY 2005 |
37 pages |
| Authors:
Marie Bakitas; Tim A. Ahles; DARTMOUTH COLL HANOVER NH
|
| The purpose of this traineeship is to develop the academic and research skills of an expert advanced practice nurse towards achieving the career goal of becoming a Clinical Breast Cancer Research Scientist. In conjunction with the doctoral program, through a mentored research experience, Ms. Bakitas is expanding an established research program on the central nervous system (CNS) effects of breast cancer treatment by developing a parallel focus on the peripheral ... |
|
| Hybrid Feedforward-Feedback Active Noise Control for Hearing Protection and Communication |
01 APR 2005 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Laura E. Ray; Jason A. Solbeck; Robert D. Collier; DARTMOUTH COLL HANOVER NH
|
| Research over the past decade has demonstrated substantial increases in noise reduction performance for circumaural hearing protectors through feedforward active noise reduction (ANR) based on least mean square (LMS) methods. However, commercialization of feedforward ANR hearing protection devices has yet to occur. This paper explores issues related to robust realization of feedforward ANR for hearing protection. Specifically, the dynamic range of noise sources, the potential for leakage around circumaural earcups, ... |
|
| In-Situ Study of Atmospheric Ice |
DEC 2004 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Victor F. Petrenko; Michiya Higa; DARTMOUTH COLL HANOVER NH
|
| We present a new approach for calculating liquid water content in growing atmospheric ice (LWCi) from in-situ measurements of both capacitance and conductance. Computer simulations and experimental data analysis of the four different connections between liquid and solid parts of atmospheric ice show that a combination of series and parallel connections is the most appropriate model for Calculating LWCi. Assuming this combination model, and using in-situ measurements of both capacitance ... |
|
| Exploratory Studies of Magnetic Resonance Microwave Absorption Imaging for the Breast |
OCT 2004 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Keith D. Paulsen; DARTMOUTH COLL HANOVER NH
|
| The goal of this exploratory project was to demonstrate the feasibility of MR (magnetic resonance) detection of thermoelastically generated tissue motion resulting from localized absorption of pulsed microwave power. All of the instrumentation and software control necessary to deliver high power (4 KW) short-duration on (1*s) pulses of continuous 434 MHz RF power synchronized to the MR repetition rate (TR) of the acquisition sequence has been realized. Phantom studies consisting ... |
|
| Critical Infrastructure Protection and Information Assurance Fellowship Program |
30 AUG 2004 |
4 pages |
| Authors:
George Cybenko; DARTMOUTH COLL HANOVER NH
|
| The Sylvanus Thayer Fellowship project supported two Ph.D. level researchers from technical fields related to OnUcal Infrastructure Protection and information Assurance to contribute more centrally to these areas. The fellows have worked in an intense research environment and are now actively engaged in research activities related to information assurance. Their newly acquired expertise is evidenced by their roles in CIPIA activities funded by federal and industrial research projects subsequent to ... |
|
| S14 as a Therapeutic Target in Breast Cancer |
AUG 2004 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
William B. Kinlaw; DARTMOUTH COLL HANOVER NH
|
| This project is aimed at determining the importance of "S14", a nuclear protein that signals for increased lipid synthesis in normal cells, to breast cancer biology. Our aims are first to develop a model of anti-S14 breast cancer therapy in mice. Intratumoral adenoviral delivery of an S14-antisense gene into human breast cancer cell xenografts caused a significant inhibition of tumor growth. Efforts are now directed at verifying the specificity of ... |
|
| Three Dimensional Reconstruction Algorithm for Imaging Pathophysiological Signal within Breast Tissue Using Near Infrared Light |
JUL 2004 |
56 pages |
| Authors:
Hamid Dehghani; DARTMOUTH COLL HANOVER NH
|
| Optical tomography is a non-invasive imaging technique that can image properties of biological tissue. Measurements of light propagation through tissue can be used to calculate and reconstruct images of internal optical properties. Since the absorption and scattering of light in the tissue is a function its physiological state, the aim is to calculate maps of physiological parameters, which can be early markers of tumor development. Specifically the aim is to ... |
|
| Improving Symptoms Control QOL and Quality of Care for Women with Breast Cancer: Developing a Research Program on Neurological Effects via Doctoral Education |
MAY 2004 |
30 pages |
| Authors:
Marie Bakitas; Tim A. Ahles; DARTMOUTH COLL HANOVER NH
|
| The purpose of this traineeship is to develop the academic, clinical, and research skills of an expert advanced practice nurse within the context of a mentor's (Tim A. Ahles, Ph.D.) funded program of research of the (central nervous system CNS) cognitive Effects of Chemotherapy. The scope of the program is to support Ms. Bakitas' doctoral education with an ultimate career goal of becoming a Clinical Breast Cancer Research Scientist. In ... |
|
| Inhibition of Estrogen Receptor Action by the Orphan Receptors, SHP and DAX-1 |
DEC 2003 |
18 pages |
| Authors:
James DiRenzo; DARTMOUTH COLL HANOVER NH
|
| The estrogen receptor is a critical diagnostic marker and therapeutic target for a large number of breast cancers. In support of DoD grant # DAMD17- 99-1-9163, we present our findings regarding the mechanisms by which two orphan nuclear receptors, SHP and DAX-1 inhibit the actions of ER-alpha and ER-beta action. Consistent with prior studies of Shp, we show that Dax-1 binds directly to ER-a and ER-beta in an agonist dependent ... |
|
| Rapid Calculation of EMI Responses of Metallic Objects and Implementation in Inversion Schemes |
NOV 2003 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
Keith D. Paulsen; DARTMOUTH COLL HANOVER NH
|
| Broadband electromagnetic induction (EMI, 10's of Hz to ^ 100's of KHz) is emerging as one of the most promising technologies for discriminating subsurface unexploded ordnance (UXO) from widespread clutter. We have succeeded in performing detailed numerical simulations of EMI responses by a considerable variety of representative objects and UXO. Nonetheless, signal inversion schemes are impeded by a lack of rapid means for calculating the responses of possible target types ... |
|
| Effect of a Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (NP) on Breast Cancer Invasion |
JUL 2003 |
19 pages |
| Authors:
Colby A. Wyatt; Constance E. Brinckerhoff; DARTMOUTH COLL HANOVER NH
|
| This study took several approaches to determine the influence of a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the matrix metalloproteinase 1 promoter on gene transcription in normal and breast cancer cell lines or tissue. The SNP consists of an extra guanine nucleotide that creates an ETS family transcription factor binding site (2G), and we previously demonstrated that the 2G SNP leads to an increase in transcriptional activity of the MMP-l promoters ... |
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| Genetic Analysis of a Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in the Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 Promoter in Breast Cancer |
JUL 2003 |
33 pages |
| Authors:
Constqance B. Brinckerhoff; DARTMOUTH COLL HANOVER NH
|
| Degradation of the extracellular matrix is the sine qua non of tumor invasion and metastasis, and it is mediated primarily by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Destruction of the interstitial collagens, types I and III, is a necessary part of this process, since these collagens comprise nearly 30% of body protein and make up the connective tissues through which tumor cells must travel during invasion. Collagen degradation is accomplished primarily by a ... |
|
| Role of BRCA1 in Estrogen Receptor Expression in Breast Cancer |
JAN 2003 |
21 pages |
| Authors:
Kirsten A. Doherty; DARTMOUTH COLL HANOVER NH
|
| The overall goal of the research supported by this award was to investigate the correlation between BRCAl-mutated breast cancers and the Estrogen Receptor (ER)-negative phenotype. Although most sporadic breast cancers are ER-positive, studies have consistently shown that the vast majority of BRCAl-linked breast cancers are ER-negative (1-3). In sporadic cancers lacking ER expression, decreased expression of ER mRNA has been noted, without genomic DNA mutations in the ER gene (4-8). ... |
|
| Androgen and Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphisms and Breast Cancer Risk |
OCT 2002 |
28 pages |
| Authors:
John A. Baron; DARTMOUTH COLL HANOVER NH
|
| This project assessed the association between breast cancer risk and polymorphisms of the androgen receptor (AR) and vitamin D receptor (VDR) genes among subjects in a population-based case-control study in Sweden. From this study population, breast cancer cases and control women have been randomly selected for genomic DNA analysis. The collection of blood or tissue specimens has been funded from other sources; this award was for the measurement of the ... |
|
| Inhibition of Estrogen Receptor Action by the Orphan Receptors, SHP and DAX-1 |
SEP 2002 |
18 pages |
| Authors:
James DiRenzo; DARTMOUTH COLL HANOVER NH
|
| In support of DoD grant # DAMD17-99-1-9163, we present our progress towards understanding the function of mechanisms of action of two orphan nuclear receptors, SHP and DAX-I as inhibitors of ER alpha and ER beta action. Consistent with prior studies of SHP, we show that Dax-1 binds directly to ER alpha and ER beta in an agonist dependent manner. In addition we show that this interaction is sufficient to abrogate ... |
|
| Targeting a Novel Vector for Breast Cancer Gene Therapy |
AUG 2002 |
18 pages |
| Authors:
David J. Bzik; DARTMOUTH COLL HANOVER NH
|
| We are testing the hypothesis that a model parasite gene therapy vector can be genetically altered to safely, specifically and effectively target breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. The primary purpose and scope of this IDEA award project is to experimentally examine approaches to safely target the Toxoplasma gondii parasite gene therapy vector to breast cancer tissue using in vitro and in vivo models. We found that cytosine ... |
|
| New Triterpenoids for Prevention of Breast Cancer |
JUL 2002 |
63 pages |
| Authors:
Michael B. Sporn; DARTMOUTH COLL HANOVER NH
|
| We have shown that the synthetic triterpenoid, 2-cyano-3,12- dioxooleana-1,9-dien-28-oic acid (CDDO) is a highly potent inhibitor of the proliferation of several ER-positive and ER-negative human breast cancer cell lines. Furthermore, CDDO at nanomolar levels will block de novo synthesis of two inflammatory enzymes that have been implicated in the carcinogenic process, namely inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and inducible cyclooxygenase (COX- 2). During the period of funding of this grant, ... |
|
| Genetic Analysis of a Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in the Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 Promoter in Breast Cancer |
JUL 2002 |
18 pages |
| Authors:
Constance E. Brinckerhoff; DARTMOUTH COLL HANOVER NH
|
| Tumor invasion requires destruction of collagen, and is accomplished by matrix metalloproteinase-l (MMP-1). A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the MMP-1 promoter enhances transcription of this gene. The SNP is at - 1607 bp in the MMP-1 promoter, where an additional guanine (G) creates a binding site (5-AGGA-3 ) for the Ets transcription factors. Allele frequency is: 25% =1 G homozygous, 25% =2 G homozygous, and 50% = 1G/2G heterozygous. ... |
|
| Survival Pathways and Apoptosis of Breast Cancer Cells as Targets for Therapeutic Modulation |
MAY 2002 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
Maureen O. Ripple; DARTMOUTH COLL HANOVER NH
|
| One goal this research project has been to assess the dependence of breast cancer cell survival on the P13 kinase/Akt signaling pathway. This signaling pathway is hypothesized to be critical to breast cancer survival especially under growth-limiting conditions or when chemotherapeutics are present. Using a series of six breast cancer cell lines and a phenotypcially normal, but immortal, breast line I first determined the baseline level of phosphorylated Akt as ... |
|
| Context Aggregation and Dissemination in Ubiquitous Computing Systems |
28 FEB 2002 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Guanling Chen; David Kotz; DARTMOUTH COLL HANOVER NH
|
| Many "ubiquitous computing" applications need a constant flow of information about their environment to be able to adapt to their changing context. To support these "context-aware" applications we propose a graph-based abstraction for collecting, aggregating, and disseminating context information. The abstraction models context information as events, produced by sources and flowing through a directed acyclic graph of event-processing operators and delivered to subscribing applications. Applications describe their desired event stream ... |
|
| Role of BRCA1 in Estrogen Receptor Expression in Breast Cancer |
JAN 2002 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Kristen A. Doherty; DARTMOUTH COLL HANOVER NH
|
| The overall goal of our research is to investigate the correlation between BRCA1-mutated breast cancers and the Estrogen Receptor (ER)-negative phenotype. During the past year, we have focused on analysis of the CpG methylation status of the ER promoter, a proposed molecular mechanism by which sporadic ER-negative tumors lack expression of ER. We have analyzed a panel of human breast cancer cell lines and a collection of specimens from ER-negative ... |
|
| Performance Analysis of Mobile Agents for Filtering Data Streams on Wireless Networks |
2002 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
David Kotz; George Cybenko; Robert S. Gray; Guofei Jiang; Ronald A. Peterson; Martin O. Hofmann; Daria A. Chacon; Kenneth R. Whitebread; James Hendler; DARTMOUTH COLL HANOVER NH
|
| Wireless networks are an ideal environment for mobile agents, since their mobility allows them to move across an unreliable link to reside on a wired host, next to or closer to the resources that they need to use. Furthermore, client-specific data transformations can be moved across the wireless link and run on a wired gateway server, reducing bandwidth demands. In this paper we examine the tradeoffs faced when deciding whether ... |
|
| Triterpenoids and Prevention of Prostate Cancer |
OCT 2001 |
80 pages |
| Authors:
Michael B. Sporn; DARTMOUTH COLL HANOVER NH
|
| This entire project is based on the hypothesis that we can design and develop new synthetic triterpenoids that would eventually be useful for chemoprevention of prostate cancer. With the known importance of oxidative stress and the known involvement of the enzymes, inducible cyclooxygenase (COX- 2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (INOS), in the process of carcinogenesis in several other organs, and our own preliminary findings that new synthetic triterpenoids can ... |
|
| Androgen and Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphisms and Breast Cancer Risk |
OCT 2001 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
John A. Baron; DARTMOUTH COLL HANOVER NH
|
| This project will assess the association between breast cancer risk and polymorphisms of the androgen receptor (AR) and vitamin D receptor (VDR) genes among subjects in a population-based case-control study in Sweden. From this study population, breast cancer cases and control women have been randomly selected for genomic DNA analysis. The collection of blood or tissue specimens has been funded from other sources; this award is for the measurement of ... |
|
Reports by Corporate Author
