| The Long-Term Outlook for the U.S. Navy's Fleet |
20 Jan 2010 |
19 pages |
| Authors:
Eric J Labs; CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE (U S CONGRESS) WASHINGTON DC
|
 | To discuss the challenges that the Navy is facing in its plans for building its future fleet. Specifically, the Subcommittee asked the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) to examine three matters: the Navy's draft shipbuilding plan for fiscal year 2011, the effect that replacing Ohio class submarines with a new class of submarines will have on the Navy's shipbuilding program, and the number of ships that may be needed to support ... |
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| Consumption Responses to Permanent and Transitory Shocks to House Appreciation |
Dec 2009 |
37 pages |
| Authors:
Juan Contreras; Joseph Nichols; CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE (U S CONGRESS) WASHINGTON DC
|
| We estimate the marginal propensity to consume (MPC) out of permanent and transitory shocks to house price appreciation. Besides borrowing constraints, we consider two different models under which those shocks may affect consumption. In the first one, we treat housing as a risky asset. In the second one, housing has a role as a consumption and as an investment good. In both, changes in the rate of house price appreciation ... |
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| An Analysis of the Army's Transformation Programs and Possible Alternatives |
Jun-2009 |
77 pages |
| Authors:
CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE (U S CONGRESS) WASHINGTON DC
|
| In the past decade, the Army initiated two programs designed to dramatically alter the way its combat forces are equipped and organized. The Modularity Initiative would reorganize the Army's warfighting forces from divisions containing 12,000 to 17,000 or more soldiers to a larger number of smaller, interchangeable, and independent brigade combat teams (BCTs) of 3,000 to 4,000 soldiers. Before changes in the program were made on the basis of Secretary ... |
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| Alternatives for Modernizing U.S. Fighter Forces |
May-2009 |
73 pages |
| Authors:
CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE (U S CONGRESS) WASHINGTON DC
|
| The United States Air Force, Navy, and Marine Corps maintain an inventory of approximately 3,500 fixed-wing fighter and attack aircraft that provide unsurpassed air-to-air and air-to-ground combat capabilities. Most of those aircraft were purchased at high annual rates during the 1980s, however, and are expected to reach the end of their service life at similarly high rates over the next decade. To counteract those impending retirements and simultaneously modernize their ... |
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| Potential Impacts of Climate Change in the United States |
May 2009 |
33 pages |
| Authors:
Robert Shackleton; CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE (U S CONGRESS) WASHINGTON DC
|
| Human activities are yielding rising atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases and other gases and particulates and are also greatly altering the Earth's land cover. A scientific consensus has emerged that those activities, if allowed to continue unabated, will have extensive, highly uncertain, but potentially serious and costly impacts on regional climates and ocean conditions throughout the world. This Congressional Budget Office (CBO) paper - prepared at the request of the ... |
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| The Army's Wireless Communications Programs |
11-Feb-2009 |
24 pages |
| Authors:
CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE (U S CONGRESS) WASHINGTON DC
|
| The Army's plans for operating its forces rely on the ability of those forces to rapidly process and exchange large amounts of information during battle. The availability of new, high-capacity radios purchased by the Army under a number of wireless communications programs is key to the service s achieving that capability. (Capacity refers to the rate at which a radio can transmit and receive data measured in bits per second.) ... |
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| Options for Deploying Missile Defenses in Europe |
Feb-2009 |
84 pages |
| Authors:
CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE (U S CONGRESS) WASHINGTON DC
|
| As part of ongoing efforts to protect the United States and its allies from attack by ballistic missiles, the U.S. Missile Defense Agency (MDA) is working to deploy a missile defense system in Europe. As proposed, the system would be fielded by 2013 and would include interceptor missiles in silos to be built in Poland, a tracking radar in the Czech Republic, and another radar at an unspecified location near ... |
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| The Long-Term Implications of the Fiscal Year 2009 Future Years Defense Program: Detailed Update |
Jan 2009 |
|
| Authors:
CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE (U S CONGRESS) WASHINGTON DC
|
 | This presentation updates the analysis of defense plans contained in the Congressional Budget Office's (CBO's) March 2008 Web document The Long-Term Implications of Current Defense Plans: Detailed Update for Fiscal Year 2008 to account for changes incorporated in the President's budget for fiscal year 2009 and in the 2009 Future Years Defense Program (FYDP). The presentation provides additional data not found in CBO's January 2009 publication Long-Term Implications of the ... |
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| Nuclear Power's Role in Generating Electricity |
MAY 2008 |
46 pages |
| Authors:
Justin Falk; CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE (U S CONGRESS) WASHINGTON DC
|
| This study assesses the commercial viability of advanced nuclear technology as a means of meeting future demand for electricity by comparing the costs of producing electricity from different sources under varying circumstances. The Congressional Budget Office (CBO) estimated the cost of producing electricity using a new generation of nuclear reactors and other base-load technologies under a variety of assumptions about prospective carbon dioxide charges, EPAct incentives, and future market conditions. ... |
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| Appropriation Request for Fiscal Year 2009 |
12 MAR 2008 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Peter R. Orszag; CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE (U S CONGRESS) WASHINGTON DC
|
| Madam Chair and Members of the Subcommittee, thank you for the opportunity to present the fiscal year 2009 budget request for the Congressional Budget Office (CBO). I recognize that the agency's request this CBO's mission is to provide the Congress with timely, objective, nonpartisan analyses of the budget and the economy and to furnish the information and cost estimates required for the Congressional budget process. In fulfilling that mission, CBO ... |
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| Analysis of the Growth in Funding for Operations in Iraq, Afghanistan, and Elsewhere in the War on Terrorism |
11 FEB 2008 |
23 pages |
| Authors:
CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE (U S CONGRESS) WASHINGTON DC
|
| At the request of the Chairman of the Senate Budget Committee, the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) has reviewed the funding provided for military activities in Iraq, Afghanistan, and elsewhere in the war on terrorism and analyzed the increases in appropriations that have occurred over the past several years. The United States began combat operations in Afghanistan in fiscal year 2002 and in Iraq in fiscal year 2003. To finance those ... |
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| Policy Options for Reducing CO2 Emissions |
FEB 2008 |
41 pages |
| Authors:
Christine Bogusz; Christian Howlett; CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE (U S CONGRESS) WASHINGTON DC
|
| There is a growing scientific consensus that rising concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gases, which result from the burning of fossil fuels, are gradually warming the Earth's climate. The amount of damage associated with that warming remains uncertain, but there is some risk that it could be large and perhaps even catastrophic. Reducing that risk would require restraining the growth of CO2 emissions and ultimately limiting those ... |
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| A Comparison of Science and Technology Funding for DoD's Space and Nonspace Programs |
15 JAN 2008 |
42 pages |
| Authors:
Matthew Goldberg; Paul Rehmus; CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE (U S CONGRESS) WASHINGTON DC
|
| As is the case with many of its other programs, a number of the Department of Defense's (DoD's) unclassified space programs have experienced growth in their costs and delays in their schedules compared with what DoD envisioned when the programs entered the development and demonstration phase of their implementation. Some analysts have suggested that those problems may be caused in part by insufficient funding for science and technology (S&T) activities ... |
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| The Budget and Economic Outlook: Fiscal Years 2008 to 2018 |
JAN 2008 |
199 pages |
| Authors:
CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE (U S CONGRESS) WASHINGTON DC
|
| The Congressional Budget Office (CBO) projects that after three years of declining budget deficits, a slowing economy this year will contribute to an increase in the deficit. Under an assumption that current laws and policies do not change, CBO projects that the budget deficit will rise to 1.5 percent of gross domestic product (GDP) in 2008 from 1.2 percent in 2007 (see Summary Table 1). Enactment of legislation to provide ... |
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| Long-Term Implications of Current Defense Plans: Summary Update for Fiscal Year 2008 |
DEC 2007 |
34 pages |
| Authors:
CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE (U S CONGRESS) WASHINGTON DC
|
| Decisions about national defense that are made today whether they involve weapon systems, military compensation, or numbers of personnel can have long-lasting effects on the composition of U.S. armed forces and the budgetary resources needed to support them. In the past five years, the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) has published a series of reports projecting the resources that might be needed over the long term to carry out the plans ... |
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| Costs of Reprocessing versus Directly Disposing of Spent Nuclear Fuel |
14 NOV 2007 |
14 pages |
| Authors:
Peter R. Orszag; CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE (U S CONGRESS) WASHINGTON DC
|
| This testimony presents the Congressional Budget Office's (CBO's) analysis of the costs of two alternatives for the use and disposal of nuclear fuel. For the past 50 years, the nuclear waste produced at reactors across the United States has largely been stored at the reactor sites. That practice, however, has been deemed untenable for the long run. CBO's analysis compares the cost of two fuel-cycle alternatives for the current generation ... |
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| Modernizing the Army's Rotary-Wing Aviation Fleet |
NOV 2007 |
40 pages |
| Authors:
CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE (U S CONGRESS) WASHINGTON DC
|
| Toward the end of the Cold War, the Army's helicopter, or rotary-wing, fleet consisted of nearly 9,000 aircraft. Over the past 20 years, however, the fleet has contracted to its current strength of about 3,500 aircraft. Despite the elimination of many older helicopters and the modernization or replacement of others, most of the helicopters in today's fleet already exceed or soon will reach ages greater than the Army considers practical. ... |
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| Estimated Costs of U.S. Operations in Iraq and Afghanistan and of Other Activities Related to the War on Terrorism |
24 OCT 2007 |
16 pages |
| Authors:
Peter Orszag; CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE (U S CONGRESS) WASHINGTON DC
|
| At the request of Chairman Spratt, the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) has totaled the funding provided through fiscal year 2007 for military and diplomatic operations in Iraq and Afghanistan and other activities associated with the war on terrorism, as well as for related costs incurred by the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) for medical care, disability compensation, and survivors' benefits. In addition to totaling the funding provided to date, CBO ... |
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| Projecting the Costs to Care for Veterans of U.S. Military Oerations in Iraq and Afghanistan |
17 OCT 2007 |
21 pages |
| Authors:
Matthew S. Goldberg; CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE (U S CONGRESS) WASHINGTON DC
|
| This testimony focuses on the numbers of troops who have served in those operations and the numbers who have sustained injuries and provide some indication of the severity of those injuries. It addresses the extent to which veterans of those operations have sought medical care from the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) and the types of care they have received. Finally it discusses the Congressional Budget Office's (CBO's) projections of ... |
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| Issues Regarding the Current and Future Use of the Civil Reserve Air Fleet |
OCT 2007 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE (U S CONGRESS) WASHINGTON DC
|
| To support military operations in Afghanistan and Iraq, the Department of Defense (DoD) has made substantial use of commercial air transportation provided by carriers that participate in the Civil Reserve Air Fleet (CRAF) program. Over the 2002 2006 period, DoD's total expenditures for airlift services provided by CRAF carriers averaged about $2.1 billion annually, a nearly fourfold increase over the average during the previous five years. Carriers that participate in ... |
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| Crew Rotation in the Navy: The Long-Term Effect on Forward Presence |
OCT 2007 |
28 pages |
| Authors:
Eric J. Labs; CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE (U S CONGRESS) WASHINGTON DC
|
| Crew rotation -- the practice of using more than one crew to operate a single ship -- has attracted growing attention in the Navy in recent years. Under conventional crewing concepts, one crew is assigned to each naval vessel and operates it on all deployments and training cruises. (Individual personnel join or leave the crew as part of their normal career rotations.) On a small number of ships, however, the ... |
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| The Possible Costs to the United States of Maintaining a Long-Term Military Presence in Iraq |
SEP 2007 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE (U S CONGRESS) WASHINGTON DC
|
| At the request of Senator Kent Conrad, Chairman of the Senate Committee on the Budget, the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) has estimated the possible costs to the United States of maintaining a long-term military presence in Iraq similar to the U.S. forces in the Republic of Korea and the Northeast Asia region. The nature and pace of operations of such a presence, if any, in Iraq for one or more ... |
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| A CBO Paper: Replacing and Repairing Equipment Used in Iraq and Afghanistan: The Army's Reset Program |
SEP 2007 |
54 pages |
| Authors:
CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE (U S CONGRESS) WASHINGTON DC
|
| To support its forces in Iraq and Afghanistan, the U.S. Army has transferred hundreds of thousands of pieces of equipment to the theater (which comprises not only Iraq and Afghanistan but also surrounding areas) and in most cases has brought that equipment back to the United States after about a year. Because of the pace of operations in the theater and the harsh conditions in Southwest Asia, that returning equipment ... |
|
| The Potential for Carbon Sequestration in the United States |
SEP 2007 |
32 pages |
| Authors:
Natalie Tawil; CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE (U S CONGRESS) WASHINGTON DC
|
| Various analyses suggest that avoiding future climate-related damage by starting to reduce the atmospheric concentration of CO2 would have greater benefits than costs. Options for doing that include not only curbing activities that generate emissions but also sequestering CO2 for example, by encouraging its absorption from the atmosphere into vegetation and soil (biological sequestration) and by trapping CO2 at power plants and industrial facilities before it is emitted and injecting ... |
|
| Estimated Costs of U.S. Operations in Iraq and Afghanistan and of Other Activities Related to the War on Terrorism |
31 JUL 2007 |
18 pages |
| Authors:
Robert A. Sunshine; CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE (U S CONGRESS) WASHINGTON DC
|
| At the request of the Chairman of the Committee on Budget, the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) has tabulated the funding provided through July 2007 for military and diplomatic operations in Iraq and Afghanistan, and for other activities related to the war on terrorism, as well as for related costs incurred by the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) for medical care, disability compensation, and survivors benefits. CBO has also estimated the ... |
|
| The All-Volunteer Military: Issues and Performance |
JUL 2007 |
49 pages |
| Authors:
CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE (U S CONGRESS) WASHINGTON DC
|
| Since the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, military operations in Afghanistan and Iraq have required substantial increases in the number of U.S. service members deployed and the frequency with which units are sent overseas. Through December 2006, over 1 million active-duty personnel and 400,000 reserve personnel had been deployed to those theaters. To maintain the forces necessary to conduct those operations, the military must be able to recruit significant ... |
|
| Federal Support for Research and Development |
JUN 2007 |
42 pages |
| Authors:
Sheila Campbell; CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE (U S CONGRESS) WASHINGTON DC
|
| New knowledge and continuing innovation have been major factors in increasing economic well-being. Private businesses are the largest sponsors of research and development (R&D) in the United States, producing the discoveries that in turn lead to new products and services and the growth of productivity; however, the federal government has long provided significant support for R&D activities to both supplement and encourage private efforts. The government finances research and development ... |
|
| The Effects of Reserve Call-Ups on Civilian Employers |
17 MAY 2007 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Heidi Golding; CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE (U S CONGRESS) WASHINGTON DC
|
| The military reserves provide trained service members and units that are available for active military duty during peacetime and war. Over the past decade, the Department of Defense (DoD) has dramatically increased its reliance on the reserve forces, particularly since the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. The reserves are integral to current operations. Of service members deployed in December 2006 in Iraq and Afghanistan, about 25 percent were reservists, ... |
|
| Issues That Affect the Readiness of the Army National Guard and Army Reserve |
16 MAY 2007 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
J. M. Gilmore; CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE (U S CONGRESS) WASHINGTON DC
|
| This report presents the testimony of J. Michael Gilmore, Assistant Director for National Security, before the Commission on the National Guard and Reserves, U.S. Congress, on May 16, 2007. Mr. Gilmore discusses issues relating to the readiness of the Army National Guard and Army Reserve. His testimony focuses on four topics: past and projected operational tempos of the Army National Guard's combat units; the overstructuring of the Guard and the ... |
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| Estimated Cost of the Administration's Proposal to Increase the Army's and the Marine Corps's Personnel Levels |
16 APR 2007 |
23 pages |
| Authors:
Matt Schmit; Jason Wheelock; David Newman; CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE (U S CONGRESS) WASHINGTON DC
|
| In January 2007, the Administration announced plans to permanently increase the size of the active-duty Army to 547,400 personnel and the Marine Corps to 202,000 over the next 5 years. The Administration also plans to increase the size of the Army Reserve and National Guard. The cost of the Administration's proposal to increase the size of the armed forces depends on the personnel levels it is being measured against. The ... |
|
| Some Implications of Increasing U.S. Forces in Iraq |
APR 2007 |
20 pages |
| Authors:
Adam Talaber; CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE (U S CONGRESS) WASHINGTON DC
|
| The Administration is currently planning (and has begun to execute) an increase in U.S. ground forces in Iraq. That plan calls for increasing the number of U.S. combat brigades in-theater by 5 above the December 2006 level of 15, peaking at 20 combat brigades deployed. As of now, the Administration has not specified how long it plans to sustain such an increase. This Congressional Budget Office (CBO) analysis considers the ... |
|
| Comparing Working-Capital Funding and Mission Funding for Naval Shipyards |
APR 2007 |
31 pages |
| Authors:
Daniel Frisk; R. D. Trunkey; CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE (U S CONGRESS) WASHINGTON DC
|
| The Navy owns and operates four shipyards: the Norfolk Naval Shipyard in Portsmouth, Virginia; Portsmouth Naval Shipyard in Kittery, Maine; Puget Sound Naval Shipyard in Bremerton, Washington; and Pearl Harbor Naval Shipyard in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. These shipyards maintain, repair, overhaul, and upgrade surface ships and submarines -- a range of services that costs the Navy over $3 billion annually. In recent years, the Navy has changed the mechanism it ... |
|
| The Long-Term Implications of Current Defense Plans: Detailed Update for Fiscal Year 2007 |
APR 2007 |
38 pages |
| Authors:
CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE (U S CONGRESS) WASHINGTON DC
|
| This presentation updates the analysis of current defense plans contained in the Congressional Budget Office's Jan 2006 document "The Long-Term Implications of Current Defense Plans and Alternatives: Detailed Update for Fiscal Year 2006" to account for changes incorporated in the President's budget for fiscal year 2007 and in the 2007 Future Years Defense Program. The briefing provides additional data not found in CBO's Oct 2006 publication "Long-Term Implications of Current ... |
|
| Resource Implications of the Navy's Fiscal Year 2008 Shipbuilding Plan |
23 MAR 2007 |
20 pages |
| Authors:
Eric J. Labs; CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE (U S CONGRESS) WASHINGTON DC
|
| In response to a Congressional mandate, the Department of the Navy recently began issuing annual reports that describe its 30-year plans for ship construction. In the report released last year, the Navy presented a plan to expand its battle force fleet from 285 ships at that time to 313 ships over the long run. That plan, which was consistent with the Navy's proposed budget for fiscal year 2007, reflected the ... |
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| An Analysis of the President's Budgetary Proposals for Fiscal Year 2008 |
MAR 2007 |
73 pages |
| Authors:
CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE (U S CONGRESS) WASHINGTON DC
|
| At the request of the Senate Committee on Appropriations, the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) has analyzed the President's budget request for fiscal year 2008. The analysis is based on CBO's own economic assumptions and estimating techniques, and incorporates the Joint Committee on Taxation's (JCT's) estimates for provisions that affect the tax code. In addition, it incorporates updated estimates from ICT for the President's health insurance proposal. This report provides more ... |
|
| Characteristics and Pay of Federal Civilian Employees |
MAR 2007 |
34 pages |
| Authors:
CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE (U S CONGRESS) WASHINGTON DC
|
| Today, more than 100 federal agencies employ about 2.7 million civilian workers or roughly 2 percent of the total U.S. workforce in jobs representing more than 800 occupations. Those occupations generally require workers who have a broad complement of training, skills, and experience, and the federal government competes with other employers for individuals who possess the right mix of attributes. To better understand the characteristics of federal workers, the Congressional ... |
|
| Estimating the Costs of Military Operations in Iraq |
06 FEB 2007 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
J. M. Gilmore; CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE (U S CONGRESS) WASHINGTON DC
|
| This testimony, given by J. Michael Gilmore, Assistant Director for National Security, before the Committee on the Budget, United States Senate, discusses the costs of operations in the Iraq theater and issues associated with estimating those costs. Mr. Gilmore's statement is based on the Congressional Budget Office's (CBO's) recent estimate of the costs of the President's plan to increase U.S. forces in Iraq as well as on other analyses of ... |
|
| Issues in Budgeting for Operations in Iraq and the War on Terrorism |
18 JAN 2007 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Robert A. Sunshine; CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE (U S CONGRESS) WASHINGTON DC
|
| Mr. Chairman, Congressman Ryan, and Members of the Committee, I appreciate the invitation to appear before you today to discuss budgeting for operations in Iraq and the war on terrorism. My statement is based on the Congressional Budget Office's (CBO's) analyses of and research on that issue over the past few years. CBO has been asked, on a number of occasions, to determine how much has been spent and how ... |
|
| The Budget and Economic Outlook: Fiscal Years 2008 to 2017 |
JAN 2007 |
194 pages |
| Authors:
CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE (U S CONGRESS) WASHINGTON DC
|
| If current laws and policies remained the same, the budget deficit would equal roughly 1 percent of gross domestic product (GDP) each fiscal year from 2007 to 2010, the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) projects. Those deficits would be smaller than last year's budgetary shortfall, which equaled 1.9 percent of GDP (see Summary Table 1). Under the assumptions that govern CBO's baseline projections, the budget would essentially be balanced in 2011 ... |
|
| Alternatives for Military Space Radar |
JAN 2007 |
88 pages |
| Authors:
CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE (U S CONGRESS) WASHINGTON DC
|
| The U.S. Air Force, National Reconnaissance Office, and National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency are developing a new radar reconnaissance satellite known as Space Radar to produce images of the Earth's surface using synthetic aperture radar (SAR) techniques and to detect moving targets on the ground, among other missions. The first launch of what would eventually be a constellation of Space Radar satellites is now planned for about 2015. Since the late 1970s, ... |
|
| Long-Term Implications of Current Defense Plans: Summary Update for Fiscal Year 2007 |
OCT 2006 |
32 pages |
| Authors:
Adam Talaber; David Arthur; Michael Bennett; Daniel Frisk; Eric J. Labs; Victoria Liu; Frances Lussier; Allison Percy; Joseph Post; Raymond Hall; CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE (U S CONGRESS) WASHINGTON DC
|
| Decisions about national defense that are made today whether they involve weapon systems, military compensation, or numbers of personnel can have long-lasting effects on the composition of U.S. armed forces and the budgetary resources needed to support them. In the past four years, the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) has published a series of reports projecting the resources that might be needed over the long term to carry out the plans ... |
|
| Alternatives for Future U.S. Space-Launch Capabilities |
OCT 2006 |
70 pages |
| Authors:
Paul B. Rehmus; Raymond Hall; CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE (U S CONGRESS) WASHINGTON DC
|
| A Presidential directive issued on January 14, 2004 -- called the new Vision for Space Exploration (VSE) -- set out goals for future exploration of the solar system using manned spacecraft. Those goals included returning to the moon no later than 2020. Although sufficient capabilities exist to meet the projected needs of both the U.S. commercial sector and the government for launching unmanned payloads into space through 2020, that is ... |
|
| Recruiting, Retention, and Future Levels of Military Personnel |
OCT 2006 |
107 pages |
| Authors:
CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE (U S CONGRESS) WASHINGTON DC
|
| Since the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, ongoing military operations including Operation Iraqi Freedom, Operation Enduring Freedom, and Operation Noble Eagle have required substantial increases in the number of military personnel deployed.1 As of July 31, 2006, about 180,000 active-duty service members and another 60,000 national guard and reserve members were deployed in support of those operations. The Army, supplying the bulk of the personnel, had about 110,000 active-duty ... |
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| Additional Information About the Alternative Spending Path for Military Operations in Iraq and Afghanistan and for the War on Terrorism |
22 SEP 2006 |
4 pages |
| Authors:
CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE (U S CONGRESS) WASHINGTON DC
|
| The Congressional Budget Office's (CBO s) August 2006 baseline includes spending of appropriations provided in fiscal year 2006 for U.S. military operations in Iraq and Afghanistan and for other efforts in the war on terrorism. As specified in the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985, those 10-year baseline projections are based on the assumption that the current year s discretionary budget authority would be provided in each ... |
|
| Alternatives for Connecting Remote Department of Defense Facilities to the Global Information Grid |
15 SEP 2006 |
24 pages |
| Authors:
R. D. Trunkey; CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE (U S CONGRESS) WASHINGTON DC
|
| The Global Information Grid is the communications network that connects Department of Defense (DoD) facilities worldwide. Although it is in daily use, its content continues to evolve. The Defense Information Systems Agency (DISA) is implementing an initiative called the Global Information Grid Bandwidth Expansion (GIG-BE) to increase the bandwidth available to DoD users. The initiative is also intended to move DoD from a network backbone owned by a contractor to ... |
|
| Evaluating the Role of Prices and R&D in Reducing Carbon Dioxide Emissions |
SEP 2006 |
23 pages |
| Authors:
CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE (U S CONGRESS) WASHINGTON DC
|
| Several important human activities most notably the worldwide burning of coal, oil, and natural gas are gradually increasing the concentrations of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and, in the view of many climate scientists, are gradually warming the global climate. That warming, and any long-term damage that might result from it, could be reduced by restraining the growth of greenhouse gas emissions and ultimately limiting them ... |
|
| A CBO Paper. How Federal Policies Affect the Allocation of Water |
AUG 2006 |
30 pages |
| Authors:
CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE (U S CONGRESS) WASHINGTON DC
|
| Use of the nation's freshwater resources attracts particular scrutiny in times of drought. When water is scarce, people are more aware of its importance. The mechanisms that govern the allocation and use of water are complicated, however. To examine how society uses its water resources, this Congressional Budget Office analysis addresses several major questions: (1) What are this country's water sources, and how is the water used? (2) What determines ... |
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| A CBO Study. The Army's Future Combat Systems Program and Alternatives |
AUG 2006 |
107 pages |
| Authors:
CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE (U S CONGRESS) WASHINGTON DC
|
| The Army is attempting to transform itself from a force designed primarily to fight large and protracted wars in a limited number of locations to one capable of reacting rapidly to crises anywhere in the world. In its endeavor to make its combat units more versatile and agile, the Army is planning to replace its heavy, aging armored combat vehicles with newer, lighter systems that it expects will be as ... |
|
| A CBO Study. The Budget and Economic Outlook: An Update |
AUG 2006 |
81 pages |
| Authors:
CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE (U S CONGRESS) WASHINGTON DC
|
| The deficit for 2006 will be notably lower than the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) estimated in March, when it issued its previous projections of the federal budget. The broad fiscal outlook for the coming decade, however, has not changed materially since then. The underlying projections of outlays and revenues for future years are similar to those presented five months ago, with the exception that the current projections of spending from ... |
|
| The Army's Future Combat Systems Program and Alternatives |
AUG 2006 |
107 pages |
| Authors:
Frances M. Lussier; CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE (U S CONGRESS) WASHINGTON DC
|
| In today's environment of rapidly evolving conflicts, the Army's goal is to have units that have the combat power of heavy units but that can be transported anywhere in the world in a matter of days. To address concerns about the armored vehicle fleet's aging and the difficulties involved in transporting it as well as to equip the Army more suitably to conduct operations overseas on short notice using forces ... |
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