| TRANSIENT PROBE DIAGNOSTICS OF DENSE PLASMAS. |
JUL 1969 |
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| Authors:
C. Sheer; P. S. Tschang; C. G. Stojanoff; COLUMBIA UNIV NEW YORK ELECTRONICS RESEARCH LABS
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 | This report describes the accomplishments of a two-year project on the development of transient probes for the diagnostics of moderately dense (0.1 to 10 atm) plasmas. The types of probes investigated include a Hall magnetic probe, a thermocouple probe, a fiber optics probe, and a dynamic pressure (Pitot tube) probe. In each case the sensing element or probe tip is driven through the hot plasma at high speeds (e.g., 1 ... |
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| DIAGNOSTIC STUDY OF THE FLUID TRANSPIRATION ARC |
31 MAR 1969 |
150 pages |
| Authors:
Charles Sheer; Samuel Korman; Christo G. Stojanoff; Pin S. Tschang; COLUMBIA UNIV NEW YORK ELECTRONICS RESEARCH LABS
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 | The report covers the investigation of the fluid transpiration arc in combination with the fluid convection cathode. Various arc configurations and operating techniques are described. Preliminary theoretical treatments of the interaction phenomena due to gas injection through a porous anode and through a tightly shrouded cathode nozzle with the arc discharge are carried out. Good agreement has been shown in some respects although several anomalies have been found attributed to ... |
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| SPECTROSCOPIC RESEARCH ON A FREE BURNING ARGON ARC WITH FORCED FLUID CONVECTION, |
13 NOV 1968 |
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| Authors:
C. G. Stojanoff; COLUMBIA UNIV NEW YORK ELECTRONICS RESEARCH LABS
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| The forced fluid convection arc is used to generate a radial weight flow in the arc column by means of fluid injection via the cathodic boundary of the arc. The influence of gas velocity upon the profile and the magnitude of the arc temperature is demonstrated and explained. The opportunity for higher enthalpy production and temperatures is delineated in terms of this weight flow and the limiting conditions of extremely ... |
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| THE FLUID TRANSPIRATION ARC AS A RADIATION SOURCE FOR SOLAR SIMULATION. |
30 SEP 1968 |
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| Authors:
Charles Sheer; Samuel Korman; COLUMBIA UNIV NEW YORK ELECTRONICS RESEARCH LABS
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| During this period the major effort was expended in determining the optimum conditions for stable operation of the collinear, opposing flow geometry, described in previous reports. Source testing was carried out in the 5 to 10 KW power range at pressures ranging from 50 to 180 psig. Two sources of erratic operating behavior were encountered, analyzed, and corrected. These consisted of a tendency for the column to elongate and to ... |
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| ON DISTRIBUTIONS ASSOCIATED WITH THE MULTIDIMENSIONAL NORMAL DISTRIBUTION. |
30 JUN 1968 |
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| Authors:
Kenneth S. Miller; COLUMBIA UNIV NEW YORK ELECTRONICS RESEARCH LABS
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| This is the final report on a project directed to the study of the problem of constructing distributions associated with n independent Gaussian processes. Papers resulting from these efforts, personnel who participated in the project, and activities connected with the research are cited. (Author) |
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| THE FLUID TRANSPIRATION ARC AS A RADIATION SOURCE FOR SOLAR SIMULATION. |
01 MAR 1968 |
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| Authors:
C. Sheer; S. Korman; COLUMBIA UNIV NEW YORK ELECTRONICS RESEARCH LABS
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| The report is one in a series of progress reports on a project to develop the fluid transpiration arc as a radiation source for solar simulation. Continuing with the colinear opposing flow geometry of the two electrode columns, a complete module has been designed, constructed, assembled and instrumented for operation and for analysis of radiation and energy dissipation. Work was also begun on assembly of spectral irradiance instrumentation. Preliminary testing ... |
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| 'PEAK-AVERAGE' AND 'AVERAGE-PEAK' RADAR CROSS SECTIONS OF WAKES (OR CHAFF). |
27 OCT 1967 |
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| Authors:
I. Weissman; COLUMBIA UNIV NEW YORK ELECTRONICS RESEARCH LABS
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| Expressions are given comparing the 'peak-average' to 'average-peak' radar cross section for random distributed scatterers such as re-entry wakes or chaff. In order to relate the peak-average (which is a conventional measure) to the average-peak (which is more-simply determined), the form and extent of the scatterer must be known. Ratios of these quantities are computed for three different forms of 'average pulse shape': uniform, triangular, and exponential. (Author) |
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| THE FLUID TRANSPIRATION ARC AS A RADIATION SOURCE FOR SOLAR SIMULATION. |
30 JUN 1967 |
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| Authors:
C. Sheer; S. Korman; COLUMBIA UNIV NEW YORK ELECTRONICS RESEARCH LABS
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| The report covers progress to develop a fluid transpiration arc radiation source for solar simulation. The background of the fluid transpiration arc, including a discussion of both the cylindrical offset and conical coaxial geometries, is presented. A description of certain features that offer possibilities of improved source performance is also included. In particular, the high ionization of the FTA anode column plus the effectiveness of high velocity cathode injection to ... |
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| ADVANCED ELECTRO-OPTICAL SIGNAL PROCESSING TECHNIQUES. |
01 APR 1967 |
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| Authors:
A. Aimette; M. Arm; M. King; E. Rothkopf; L. Schlom; COLUMBIA UNIV NEW YORK ELECTRONICS RESEARCH LABS
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| The studies leading to the development of an electro-optical signal processor for the Synthetic Spectrum Radar are continued. During this period the single channel experiments have been extended to the production and evaluation of photographically recorded signals. An electro-optical system to precisely expose and evaluate photographic film is described. Amplitude transmittance versus exposure energy curves for Kodak type 2479 film are shown for parametric values of development time. These curves ... |
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| WIDEBAND AMORPHOUS-SOLID DEBYE-SEARS LIGHT MODULATORS FOR ARRAY-ANTENNA PROCESSORS. |
01 MAR 1967 |
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| Authors:
J. Minkoff; COLUMBIA UNIV NEW YORK ELECTRONICS RESEARCH LABS
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| The use of fused-silica Debye-Sears light modulators in electro-optical array-antenna processing is investigated theoretically and experimentally, with the result that a significant gain in signal-processing capacity, over that which can be achieved with liquid light-modulators, is shown to be possible. The operation of the fused-silica light-modulator in the neighborhood of 80 MHz is investigated. Transfer characteristics between electrical excitation and spatial modulation of light wave front are found to be ... |
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| ENERGY TRANSFER AND ELECTRON CONDUCTION IN THE FLUID TRANSPORTATION ARC. |
17 FEB 1967 |
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| Authors:
P. S. Tschang; COLUMBIA UNIV NEW YORK ELECTRONICS RESEARCH LABS
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| The energy relaxation and electrical conductivity of an electron gas in an argon arc discharge at 1 atm has been examined theoretically and observed quantitatively in an experimental arrangement. The plasma column utilized for study is the type generated in a fluid transpiration arc equipment in which the argon working fluid is injected through a porous graphite anode. The rate of forced convection is such as to insure significant electron-heavy ... |
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| BIREFRINGENCE IN AMORPHOUS SOLIDS WITH APPLICATION TO SOLID LIGHT MODULATORS. |
15 JAN 1967 |
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| Authors:
S. Bernstein; J. Minkoff; M. Arm; COLUMBIA UNIV NEW YORK ELECTRONICS RESEARCH LABS
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| The theory of birefringence in a transparent, amorphous solid is developed from fundamental principles in order to obtain a design formulation for spatial light modulators that will operate at 100 MHz center frequency with at least 50 percent bandwidth. Both longitudinal and shear wave elasto-optical interactions are treated. Relations for the phase modulation index and the diffracted light intensity and polarization, as functions of the modulator parameters, are presented for ... |
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| ADVANCED ELECTRO-OPTICAL SIGNAL PROCESSING TECHNIQUES. |
01 JAN 1967 |
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| Authors:
A. Aimette; M. Arm; M. King; J. Minkoff; COLUMBIA UNIV NEW YORK ELECTRONICS RESEARCH LABS
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| This report summarizes the initial theoretical and experimental studies of the electro-optical signal processor for the synthetic spectrum radar. The present digital radar processing is briefly reviewed. The proposed electro-optical processor technique is presented. This processor operating in real-time is capable of coherently phase-referencing and continuously recording the multi-channel radar output on photographic film. An experimental, single-channel, CW-signal recorder system is described. Preliminary experimental results are included which verify the ... |
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| MULTICHANNEL ELECTRO-OPTICAL RECORDER FOR THE SYNTHETIC SPECTRUM RADAR. |
09 DEC 1966 |
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| Authors:
M. Arm; M. King; COLUMBIA UNIV NEW YORK ELECTRONICS RESEARCH LABS
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| The Synthetic Spectrum Radar requires an on-line recorder capable of producing a phase-aligned photographic record of its 100 IF out-put signals. An electro-optical configuration capable of producing such a photographic recording is described. A theoretical analysis of the recorder is provided and leads to expressions relating the light amplitude transmittance of the record to the electrical input signal. Alternate modes of operation of the recorder are discussed. |
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| ELECTRO OPTICAL SIGNAL PROCESSING TECHNIQUES FOR PHASED ARRAY ANTENNAS. |
03 OCT 1966 |
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| Authors:
M. Arm; S. Bernstein; J. Minkoff; N. Wyman; COLUMBIA UNIV NEW YORK ELECTRONICS RESEARCH LABS
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| The investigation of array antenna electrooptical signal processors continues with emphasis placed on the development of a wide-band solid light modulator. The light modulator bandwidth and the transfer characteristics between input voltage and peak phase deviation of light wave front are obtained experimentally for fused silica light modulators operating in the compression mode. Transfer characteristics are found to be linear as predicted by theory, and bandwidth is found to be ... |
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| DEFENSE WITH DAMAGE ASSESSMENT |
15 JUL 1966 |
28 pages |
| Authors:
L. R. Abramson; M. Shapiro; COLUMBIA UNIV NEW YORK ELECTRONICS RESEARCH LABS
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| A farm of missile sites is sequentially attacked by m rounds, with each round a simultaneous attack of one attacker at each of the sites. A salvo of area interceptors is used to defend each of the live sites at each round. The defense is evaluated by the expected number of surviving sites. This paper treats the offense enforceable case where m and the kill probability of an unintercepted attacker ... |
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| ELECTRO OPTICAL SIGNAL PROCESSING TECHNIQUES FOR PHASED ARRAY ANTENNAS. |
01 JUL 1966 |
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| Authors:
M. Arm; S. Bernstein; J. Minkoff; N. Wyman; COLUMBIA UNIV NEW YORK ELECTRONICS RESEARCH LABS
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| The investigation of array antenna electro-optical signal processors continues with emphasis again placed on the development of a wideband solid light modulator. Theoretical considerations are presented with regard to the effect of lead and indium bonds of non-zero thickness on the performance of both compressional and shear transducers. Parametric curves are given, for various bond thickness, to indicate the expected variations in transducer response over the pass-band as the bond ... |
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| ELECTRO-OPTICAL SIGNAL PROCESSING TECHNIQUES FOR PHASED ARRAY ANTENNAS. |
01 APR 1966 |
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| Authors:
A. Aimette; COLUMBIA UNIV NEW YORK ELECTRONICS RESEARCH LABS
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| The investigation of array antenna electro-optical signal processors continues with emphasis placed on the development of wideband solid light modulator. Theoretical considerations are presented describing the characteristics of both longitudinal and shear mode solid light modulators operating at 80 and 100 mHz. These characteristics include the effects of applied voltage and internal refraction on the light modulation and lead to a nomographic method for determining optimal transducer dimensions, in the ... |
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| ELECTRO-OPTICAL SIGNAL PROCESSING TECHNIQUES FOR PHASED ARRAY ANTENNAS. |
01 JAN 1966 |
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| Authors:
M. Arm; A. Aimette; S. Bernstein; COLUMBIA UNIV NEW YORK ELECTRONICS RESEARCH LABS
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| The investigation of phased array antenna electrooptical signal processors is continued. The experimental results for side-lobe suppression in the time-delay multiplex mode are presented. A side-lobe suppression of 30 db for both signals on and off the boresight axis is demonstrated. A comparison of the optical system response with the input signal spectrum indicates that the results are very nearly ideal and limited primarily by the residual phase errors in ... |
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| DETECTABILITY OF RADAR ECHOES IN NOISE AND CLUTTER INTERFERENCE. |
30 SEP 1965 |
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| Authors:
C. Pedersen; COLUMBIA UNIV NEW YORK ELECTRONICS RESEARCH LABS
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| The radar echo from a moving, non-scintillating point target is assumed to be received in the presence of noise and clutter interference. For best detection of the echo, the radar receiver will include a data processor which maximizes the signal-to-interference power ratio at its output. This report presents the integral equation which determines the weighting function of the optimum data processor. Several general forms of solution are also presented, along ... |
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| EFFECTS OF MECHANICAL AND THERMAL ELECTRODE PROPERTIES ON THE BEHAVIOR OF THE FLUID TRANSPIRATION ARC. |
AUG 1965 |
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| Authors:
C. SHEER; P. S. Tschang; C. G. Stojanoff; COLUMBIA UNIV NEW YORK ELECTRONICS RESEARCH LABS
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| A triple cathode, single anode arc assembly, designed to produce a symmetrical free-burning plasma jet, was completed and placed into operation. A second arc assembly with a single gas-injection cathode, was also constructed for the double purpose of testing porous anodes and accelerating the acquisition of diagnostic data. Diagnostic instrumentation was developed, based on high speed transient probing with miniature sensing elements. Work was carried forward on the development of ... |
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| ELECTRO-OPTICAL SIGNAL PROCESSING TECHNIQUES FOR PHASED ARRAY ANTENNAS. |
01 JUL 1965 |
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| Authors:
L. Lambert; COLUMBIA UNIV NEW YORK ELECTRONICS RESEARCH LABS
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| The research program for the development of electrooptical signal processing techniques applicable to phased array antenna systems in continued. A brief analysis of the planar array processor formed by combining the 'spatially multiplexed' and 'time-delay multiplexed' linear array processor techniques is presented. A description of the experimental system and the results obtained when processing signals simulating the output from a uniformly weighted planar array of 576 elements is included. The ... |
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| TEMPERATURE DETERMINATION IN MODERATELY DENSE, HIGH-TEMPERATURE GASES BY TRANSIENT THERMOCOUPLE PROBES. |
MAY 1965 |
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| Authors:
P. S. Tschang; COLUMBIA UNIV NEW YORK ELECTRONICS RESEARCH LABS
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| A study was made to determine the bases of the transient methods of the single probe, the dual-probe, and, the intermittent probe for measuring high gas temperatures. Simple parameters critically affecting the probe accuracies have been singled out for comparing the relative merits of the methods under scrutiny. The results indicate no fundamental superiority of any one technique, but in practice the single probe seems most likely to attain the ... |
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| ELECTRO-OPTICAL SIGNAL PROCESSING TECHNIQUES FOR PHASED ARRAY ANTENNAS. |
31 DEC 1964 |
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| Authors:
L. Lambert; COLUMBIA UNIV NEW YORK ELECTRONICS RESEARCH LABS
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| The results of the electro-optical phased array signal processor research program during the past period are presented. The spatially multiplexed system experimental response for a weighted and unweighted aperture distribution is shown graphically and with photographs. The theoretical and experimental system response for a Hamming type aperture weighting function to signals on and off boresight is presented. An experimental sidelobe suppression of 28 db is demonstrated. A Schlieren photograph of ... |
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| COST GUIDELINES FOR STUDY CONTRACTORS, |
06 OCT 1964 |
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| Authors:
C. Walsh; COLUMBIA UNIV NEW YORK ELECTRONICS RESEARCH LABS
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| The object of the present study is to weigh the technical system potential against economic resources in terms of effectiveness per dollar spent. The number and types of systems considered by the various contractors will be substantial. Cost guidelines are thus required to insure that the economic resources are equally measured in all cases. Since the study results will form part of the basis of executive decisions the reported costs ... |
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| ELECTRO-OPTICAL SIGNAL PROCESSING TECHNIQUES FOR PHASED ARRAY ANTENNAS. |
01 OCT 1964 |
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| Authors:
COLUMBIA UNIV NEW YORK ELECTRONICS RESEARCH LABS
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| The progress in the electro-optical processor research program during the past period is presented. The response of the spatially multiplexed system with a new ultrasonic transducer is shown to be very nearly theoretical when operating with a simulated signal from a uniform antenna aperature distribution. Sidelobe suppression techniques by means of aperture weighting are briefly discussed. The two weighting functions considered are the Hamming type and the truncated Gaussian. A ... |
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| ELECTRO-OPTICAL SIGNAL PROCESSING TECHNIQUES FOR PHASED ARRAY ANTENNAS. |
01 APR 1964 |
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| Authors:
A. Aimette; M. Arm; D. Brown; COLUMBIA UNIV NEW YORK ELECTRONICS RESEARCH LABS
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| The research program for an electro-optical signal processor for phased array antennas is continued. In this phase of the program, particular emphasis is placed on the spatial multiplexing technique and the resulting sidelobe response of the system. The theoretical envelope response for a cosine amplitude weighted aperture utilizing a channel separator mask is presented. New techniques and equipment developed to facilitate the measurements of the resolution and sidelobe response of ... |
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| THE THEORY AND PHYSICAL CONSTRAINTS OF AN ELECTRO-OPTICAL SIGNAL PROCESSOR FOR PHASED ARRAY ANTENNAS, |
01 OCT 1963 |
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| Authors:
L. LAMBERT; M. Arm; COLUMBIA UNIV NEW YORK ELECTRONICS RESEARCH LABS
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| Techniques are described for processing the signals obtained from the elements of a phased array antenna by means of electro-optical devices. These techniques employ one electro-optical device which simultaneously forms, as a continuum, all the beam patterns that a receiving planar array antenna is capable of forming. An analysis of an electro-optical processor for phased arrays is presented which shows that: (1) the target location angles are obtained unambiguously for ... |
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| EFFECTS OF MECHANICAL AND THERMAL ELECTRODE PROPERTIES ON THE BEHAVIOR OF THE FLUID TRANSPIRATION ARC, |
AUG 1963 |
58 pages |
| Authors:
C. Sheer; J.M. Kennedy; P.S. Tschang; COLUMBIA UNIV NEW YORK ELECTRONICS RESEARCH LABS
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| The over-all objective of the present studies is to construct a satisfactory working model of the transpiration of a fluid medium through a porous anode into a DC electric arc. The empha sis is on the effects of electrode and working fluid properties on the energy transfer and arc characteristics under different conditions of transpiration flow rate and arc power. The experimental work described includes physical characterization of several chosen ... |
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| DISTORTION OF FM SIGNALS IN TRANSMISSION OR RECEPTION |
01 MAR 1961 |
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| Authors:
C.P. WALSH; COLUMBIA UNIV NEW YORK ELECTRONICS RESEARCH LABS
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| The requirements for distortionless transmission of FM signals by planar antennas are deduced. The pattern of illumination must by symmetrical in amplitude and conjugate in phase about some point, called the antenna center. The distribution of the illumination pattern may vary in any manner with frequency, provided that at each frequency the symmetry requirements are met. The phase of the illumination at the antenna center is constrained to be either ... |
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| Automated Teaching: History, Principles and Applications, |
25 NOV 1960 |
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| Authors:
D. Robinson; J. Siegel; COLUMBIA UNIV NEW YORK ELECTRONICS RESEARCH LABS
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| The report offers a review of the automated teaching field and the phychological principles which underlie it. Research findings are presented as well as the general rules governing the use of self-instructional devices. Current and anticipated uses are included with special emphasis on military usage. (Author) |
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| EVALUATION OF MATHEMATICALLY EQUIVALENT TRACKING SYSTEMS. |
31 JUL 1960 |
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| Authors:
J. M. Notterman; D. E. Page; COLUMBIA UNIV NEW YORK ELECTRONICS RESEARCH LABS
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| The research reported is concerned principally with the effect upon tracking performance of variation in the mechanical characteristics of a manual control device, with the overall transfer function of the control system held constant. The data indicate that despite 'mathematical equivalence,' or constancy of overall transfer function, computer-generated dynamics do not successfully replace control device dynamics, in terms of the effect upon operator performance. The discrepancy is attributed to the ... |
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| ADVANCED RADAR RESOLUTION TECHNIQUES RESEARCH ON ULTRASONIC DELAY LINES |
04 JAN 1960 |
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| Authors:
COLUMBIA UNIV NEW YORK ELECTRONICS RESEARCH LABS
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| ADVANCED RADAR RESOLUTION TECHNIQUES DEVELOPMENT OF A TWO-DIMENSIONAL FILTER |
04 JAN 1960 |
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| Authors:
COLUMBIA UNIV NEW YORK ELECTRONICS RESEARCH LABS
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| RESEARCH ON ULTRASONIC DELAY LINES |
01 JUL 1959 |
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| Authors:
L. LAMBERT; COLUMBIA UNIV NEW YORK ELECTRONICS RESEARCH LABS
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| A STUDY OF PHASE CHARACTERISTICS OF 45 CPS SOUND PROPAGATED IN AIR |
01 MAY 1958 |
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| Authors:
LEONARD KIRVIDA; CYRIL M. HARRIS; COLUMBIA UNIV NEW YORK ELECTRONICS RESEARCH LABS
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Reports by Corporate Author
