| Communication in the Work Place: An Ecological Perspective. |
FEB 1979 |
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| Authors:
C. Burgess Ledbetter; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER N H
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 | Patterns of communication and social interaction within a work organization are significantly influenced by architecture. Nearly all work organizations are dependent upon information flow, both informal and formal, between co-workers. As a rule, the more open and informal the communication, the more productively and efficiently the organization operates. The architectural design concept of focal points is presented as a strategy for planning the work facility for improved informal communication. Examples ... |
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| Blank Corrections for Ultratrace Atomic Absorption Analysis, |
JAN 1979 |
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| Authors:
James C. Cragin; Steven T. Quarry; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER N H
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| Both flame and flameless atomic absorption (AA) measurements require a distilled water blank correction. This correction is due to the analyte contained in the distilled water used to prepare the standards and not, as commonly thought, to the reference blank used to zero the instrument. Flameless AA analyses of acidified heavy metal samples generally require additional corrections for the furnace deflection blank and for an acid blank. To prevent adsorption ... |
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| Effect of Water Content on the Compressibility of Snow-Water Mixtures, |
JAN 1979 |
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| Authors:
Gunars Abele; F. Donald Haynes; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER N H
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| The stress-density relaionships of snow-water mixtures were investigated and are shown as functions of water content, initial snow density, initial snow-water mixture density and rate of deformation. An increase in water content in snow at a particular density or a decrease in the rate of deformation (or strain rate) decreases the stress, but apparently not the specific energy required to reach a specific mixture density. (Author) |
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| On the Origin of Mineral Impurities in Ice (Sur L'Origine des Impuretes Minerales de la Glace), |
JAN 1979 |
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| Authors:
E. E. Picciotto; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER N H
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| Observations on Vertical Profiles of the Snow Cover on Roofs and Melting at the Bottom of the Snow Cover, |
JAN 1979 |
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| Authors:
Tsutomu Nakamura; Osamu Abe; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER N H
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| Tundra Disturbances and Recovery Following the 1949 Exploratory Drilling, Fish Creek, Northern Alaska, |
DEC 1978 |
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| Authors:
D. E. Lawson; J. Brown; K. R. Everett; A. W. Johnson; V. Komarkova; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER N H
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| A 1949 drill site in the Naval Petroleum Reserve Number 4, Alaska, the Fish Creek Test Well 1, was examined in August 1977 to determine the disturbance caused by drilling activities and to analyze the response and recovery of vegetation, soils, permafrost, and surficial materials to that disturbance. Man-made disturbances include bladed and unbladed vehicular trails, a winter runway, excavations, pilings, remains of camp structures, steel drums and other solid ... |
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| Summary of Corps of Engineers Research on Roof Mositure Detection and the Thermal Resistance of Wet Insulation. |
DEC 1978 |
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| Authors:
Wayne Tobiasson; Charles Korhonen; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER N H
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| Nuclear, infrared, capacitance, microwave and impulse radar methods for nondestructively detecting moisture in roofs were evaluated. No system was reliable enough by itself or by cross-checking with another system to eliminate the need for a few core samples of membrane and insulation to verify findings. Airborne infrared surveys are a cost-effective way of reconnoitering numerous roofs at a major installation. However, follow-up on-the-roof surveys are necessary. Of the several grid ... |
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| Ice Fog Suppression Using Reinforced Thin Chemical Films, |
NOV 1978 |
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| Authors:
Terry T. McFadden; Charles M. Collins; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER N H
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| Ice fog suppression experiments on the Fort Wainwright Power Plant cooling pond were conducted during the winters of 1974-76. Baseline information studies occupied a sizable portion of the available ice fog weather in 1974-75. Then hexadecanol was added to the pond and dramatically improved visibility by reducing fog generated from water vapor released by the pond at -14 C. Although this temperature was not low enough to create ice fog, ... |
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| Engineering Aspects of an Experimental System for Land Renovation of Secondary Effluent. |
NOV 1978 |
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| Authors:
James R. Nylund; R. E. Larson; C. E. Clapp; D. R. Linden; W. E. Larson; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER N H
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| A research system was designed and installed at the Apple Valley Wastewater Treatment Plant, two miles south of Rosemount, Minnesota, to develop agricultural management practices for removal of nitrogen from municipal wastewater effluent. A solid set irrigation system was designed and installed to apply wastewater effluent to 12 test blocks, each measuring 60x150 ft. A perforated plastic drainage tile was placed lengthwise in each block at a depth equivalent to ... |
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| Computer File for Existing Land Application of Wastewater Systems: A User's Guide. |
NOV 1978 |
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| Authors:
I. K. Iskandar; D. Robinson; W. Willcockson; E. Keefauver; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER N H
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| Two computer programs, both written in BASIC, have been developed to store and retrieve information on existing wastewater land treatment systems. The purpose of establishing these programs is to provide assistance to design engineers during the planning of new land treatment systems by making available the design criteria and performance characteristics of operating systems. The SEARCH program is designed to locate systems with specific design parameters, such as flow rate, ... |
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| Roof Construction under Wintertime Conditions: A Case Study. |
NOV 1978 |
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| Authors:
F. Lawrence Bennett; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER N H
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| This report describes construction of the roof of an addition to the Interior City Branch of the First National Bank of Anchorage, located in downtown Fairbanks, Alaska, during the 1976-77 winter. The report documents the schedule and procedure for building the roof, reports successful performance of the roof to date, and presents some general comments on roof construction in the wintertime. (Author) |
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| Climatic Survey at CRREL in Association with the Land Treatment Project. |
NOV 1978 |
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| Authors:
Michael A. Bilello; Roy E. Bates; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER N H
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| During 1972, six test cells were constructed at CRREL for the purpose of studying application of wastewater on various soil types and vegetation. In conjunction with this program, a meteorological observing station was established in order to obtain basic information on the climate proximate to the test cells. This report describes the equipment and its installation, and provides a daily tabulation of the following observed parameters: maximum and minimum air ... |
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| Construction and Performance of Platinum Probes for Measurements of Redox Potential. |
NOV 1978 |
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| Authors:
Bethany J. Blake; Bruce E. Brockett; I. K. Iskandar; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER N H
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| A simple method is described for construction and testing of platinum oxidation-reduction probes in the laboratory. The probes are 'blacked' with platinic chloride to increase their lifetime. Methods of standardization and problems encountered are discussed. (Author) |
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| Effects of Wastewater and Sewage Sludge on the Growth and Chemical Composition of Turfgrass. |
NOV 1978 |
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| Authors:
Antonio J. Palazzo; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER N H
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| A greenhouse study was conducted to determine the effects of wastewater and sewage applications on the growth and chemical composition of two turfgrass mixtures. A mixture of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Scheb var. 'K-31') and annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) was compared to a mixture of Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L. var. 'Merion'), red fescue (Festuca rubra L. var. 'Pennlawn') and annual ryegrass. The mixtures were grown in pots of ... |
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| Selected Bibliography of Disturbance and Restoration of Soils and Vegetation in Permafrost Regions of the USSR (1970-1977). |
OCT 1978 |
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| Authors:
Martha Andrews; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER N H
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| This compilation of literature published in Russian since 1970 comprises 1225 bibliographic citations relating to disturbance and restoration of soils and vegetation. Sixty-five percent of these were found by a manual search of CRREL Bibliography vols. 25-32; the others were obtained through off-line searches from the relevant computerized data bases and personal files. Only one of these data bases, that of the National Agricultural Library, is shown to be of ... |
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| River Channel Characteristics at Selected Ice Jam Sites in Vermont, |
OCT 1978 |
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| Authors:
Lawrence W. Gatto; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER N H
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| The objectives of this investigation were to describe channel characteristics and geographic settings of ice jam sites from aerial photographic interpretation, to indicate which characteristics may be important in causing ice jams, and to suggest additional uses of aerial photographs. Aerial photographs were taken of 19 sites with a Zeiss RMK 15/23 aerial camera on 17, 19, and 21 April 1976. Uncontrolled photomosaics of each site were assembled and major ... |
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| Analysis of the Midwinter Temperature Regime and Snow Occurrence in Germany, |
SEP 1978 |
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| Authors:
Michael A. Bilello; G. Cameron Appel; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER N H
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| This study investigates the possibility of providing estimates of the time of occurrence and length of the freezing season for any location in East and West Germany by using the average Januavy air temperature (AJAT) as an index. The results indicate that reliable values of the mean freezing index can be obtained from the AJAT relationships which are developed for Germany. This association is further verified using data from the ... |
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| Effects of Low Ground Pressure Vehicle Traffic on Tundra at Lonely, Alaska. |
SEP 1978 |
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| Authors:
Gunars Abele; Donald A. Walker; Jerry Brown; Max C. Brewer; David M. Atwood; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER N H
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| Traffic tests were conducted with two low-pressure-tire Rolligon-type vehicles and a small, tracked Nodwell for 1,5, and 10 vehicle passes on tundra near Lonely, Alaska. The traffic impact was limited to compression of the vegetation and the organic mat and a maximum terrain surface depression of several centimeters, with virtually no shearing or disaggregation of the mat. After one year, the visibility of the traffic signatures had increased, surface depression ... |
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| Waterproofing Strain Gages for Low Ambient Temperatures. |
SEP 1978 |
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| Authors:
Donald E. Garfield; Bryan G. McLain; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER N H
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| Due to recent problems experienced with strain-gage based transducers immersed in water at below-freezing ambient temperatures, a test program was conducted to determine if commercially available strain-gage waterproofing systems could withstand these conditions. A total of 96 combinations of eight waterproofing systems, three beam materials, and four strain gage adhesives were evaluated. Test environments included strain cycling at temperatures from +32 F to +75 F and freeze-thaw cycling from -35 ... |
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| Performance of the St. Marys River Ice Booms, 1976-1977, |
SEP 1978 |
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| Authors:
Roscoe E. Perham; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER N H
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| The ice booms on the St. Marys River at Sault Ste.Marie, Michigan and Ontario, were operated a second winter, 1976-77, under colder conditions, with less water flow, lower water levels, and 25% fewer ships in the river than during the previous year. The ice cover behind the booms remained frozen to shore for longer periods, and the loads registered in the booms were relatively unaffected by ship passages compared with ... |
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| Influence of Freezing and Thawing on the Resilient Properties of a Silt Soil Beneath an Asphalt Concrete Pavement, |
SEP 1978 |
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| Authors:
T. C. Johnson; D. M. Cole; E. J. Chamberlain; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER N H
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| Stress-deformation data for silt subgrade soil were obtained from in-situ and laboratory tests, for use in mechanistic models for design of pavements affected by frost action. Plate-bearing tests were run on bituminous concrete pavements constructed directly on a silt subgrade, applying repeated loads to the pavement surface while the silt was frozen, thawing, thawed, and fully recovered. Repeated-load laboratory triaxial tests were performed on the silt in the same conditions. ... |
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| Effects of Winter Military Operations on Cold Regions Terrains. |
SEP 1978 |
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| Authors:
Gunars Abele; Lawrence A. Johnson; Charles M. Collins; Richard A. Taylor; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER N H
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| Observations were made on the 1977 winter military maneuver sites south of Fairbanks to obtain base line data for monitoring terrain and vegetation recovery from the impact of winter trail preparation, and vehicular and troop activities in various terrains and vegetation types. (Author) |
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| Geochemistry of Subsea Permafrost at Prudhoe Bay, Alaska. |
SEP 1978 |
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| Authors:
Frederick W. Page; Iskandar K. Iskandar; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER N H
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| The analytical data from sediment, interstitial water, and seawater analyses of samples collected near Prudhoe Bay, Alaska, during the period from March to May 1977, are presented. Analyses include determinations of moisture, calcium carbonate, and organic carbon contents in the sediment samples and pH, electrical conductivity, alkalinity, and concentrations of sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, chloride, and sulfate in the interstitial water and seawater samples. Salinity, ionic balance, and freezing point ... |
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| A Guide to the Use of 14N and 15N in Environmental Research. |
SEP 1978 |
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| Authors:
Arthur P. Edwards; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER N H
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| The fate of the mineral nitrogen in wastewater can be established only through natural or artificial stable isotopic labeling. This report assesses the possibilities and problems associated with such tracer techniques applied to the small amounts of nitrogen normally present after secondary waste treatment. The methods outlined for sample processing to minimize analytical errors are applicable to other types of environmental research involving isotope ratio analysis as a means of ... |
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| The 1977 Tundra Fire at Kokolik River, Alaska. |
AUG 1978 |
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| Authors:
D. Hall; J. Brown; L. Johnson; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER N H
|
| During summer 1977 widespread fires occurred in northwest Alaska. Through the use of Landsat imagery and ground studies, one such fire, at Kokolik River, was examined. The Kokolik fire was first reported on 26 July, and by the time it was extinguished had consumed 44 sq km of tundra vegetation. Streams and drainages contained the fire on several sides. Ground observations provided information on the intensity of the fire effects. ... |
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| Estuarine Processes and Intertidal Habitats in Grays Harbor, Washington. A Demonstration of Remote Sensing Techniques, |
JUL 1978 |
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| Authors:
Lawrence W. Gatto; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER N H
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| The primary objective of this project was to demonstrate the utility of remote sensing techniques as an operational tool in the acquisition of data required by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Seattle District, in the Grays Harbor dredging effects project, and related projects. Aerial imagery was used to map surface circulation and suspended sediment patterns near the hopper dredge pump site at the harbor entrance and near pulpmill outfalls ... |
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| Shoreline Changes Along the Outer Shore of Cape Cod from Long Point to Monomoy Point, |
JUL 1978 |
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| Authors:
Lawrence W. Gatto; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER N H
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| This investigation utilized historical and recent aerial photographs and satellite imagery in (1) estimating changes in positions of the high-water line and sea cliff break and base, in rates of accretion and/or erosion, and in volumes of transported sediment, and (2) providing a preliminary evaluation of the direction of littoral transport along the outer Cape Cod coast. Using aerial photographs acquired in 1938, 1952, 1971 and 1974 with manual photointerpretation ... |
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| Primary Productivity in Sea Ice of the Weddell Region, |
JUL 1978 |
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| Authors:
S. F. Ackley; S. Taguchi; K. R. Buck; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER N H
|
| Physical and biological measurements were made of sea ice cores taken from 68 deg S to 78 deg S in the Weddell Sea. Fluorescence measurements indicated an algal community that was strongly associated with salinity maxima within the ice. Maximum concentration of chlorophyll a ranged from 0.306 to 4.65 mg/cu m. Comparisons with the water column standing crop indicated that the standing crop within the ice represents a minor but ... |
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| Measurement and Identification of Aerosols Collected Near Barrow, Alaska, |
JUL 1978 |
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| Authors:
Motoi Kumai; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER N H
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| Measurements of the concentrations of Aitken nuclei in maritime air were made near Barrow, Alaska, in June 1975 with a modified Nolan-Pollack small-particle detector. The concentrations varied from 50 to 300 particles /cc depending upon meteorological conditions. The mean Aitken nuclei count was 100 particles /cc for diameters greater than .002 micrometers. Transmission electron micrographs of aerosols in maritime air near Barrow were taken. The size range was measured to ... |
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| Soil Lysimeters for Validating Models of Wastewater Renovation by Land Application. Construction, Operation and Performance. |
JUN 1978 |
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| Authors:
I. K. Iskandar; Y. Nakano; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER N H
|
| This report describes the construction, operation and performance of large-scale (90-cm-inside diameter and 150-cm-high) lysimeters. These lysimeters can continuously monitor soil moisture flow, soil temperature and redox potential with depth, and sample soil water and soil air with depth. The rate of soil water movement to the groundwater was continuously monitored by a rain gage and a recorder. To simulatate field conditions, an automatic spray system was developed; this system ... |
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| A Hydraulic Model Investigation of Drifting Snow, |
JUN 1978 |
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| Authors:
James L. Wuebben; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER N H
|
| A model investigation of drifting snow conditions was conducted in a hydraulic flume using a sand-water analog. Model results were evaluated to define modeling parameters that would allow quantitative correlation between measured prototype drift conditions and the model. The modeled structure was the standard plan snow fence designed by the Wyoming Highway Department and installed along Interstate Highway 80 in 1971. The performance of this system was documented by the ... |
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| Preferred Crystal Orientations in the Fast Ice Along the Margins of the Arctic Ocean, |
JUN 1978 |
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| Authors:
W. F. Weeks; A. J. Gow; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER N H
|
| Field observations of the growth fabrics of the fast and near-fast ice along the coasts of the Beaufort and Chukchi Seas show that, at depths of more than 60 cm below the upper ice surface, the sea ice crystals show striking alignments within the horizontal plane. At one site this alignment was well developed at a depth of 15 cm and in all cases the degree of preferred orientation increased ... |
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| The Buckling Pressure of an Elastic Plate Floating on Water and Stressed Uniformly along the Periphery of an Internal Hole, |
JUN 1978 |
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| Authors:
Shunsuke Takagi; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER N H
|
| The analytical solution and the numerical study of the eigenvalue problem for determining the buckling pressure of an infinite elastic plate floating on water and stressed uniformly along the periphery of an internal hole is presented. The boundary conditions considered are the clamped-, simple-, and free-edge conditions. Small buckling pressure occurs only for the free-edge condition. The shape of the deflection for the free-edge condition suggests that buckling is an ... |
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| Simulation of Drifting Snow in a Hydraulic Flume, |
JUN 1978 |
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| Authors:
James L. Wuebben; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER N H
|
| The objective of this investigation was to simulate conditions of drifting snow previously observed in the field in a laboratory hydraulic flume using a sand-water analog. Prototype conditions and model results were evaluated to define modeling parameters that would allow quantitative correlation between actual drift conditions and the model. Although exact similitude is not feasible, this modeling approach has proven useful in studies of snow conditions which defy theoretical prediction ... |
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| Wastewater Classification by Fertilizing Value (Klassifikatsiya Stochnykh Vod Po Udobritel'noy Tsennosti), |
JUN 1978 |
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| Authors:
V. T. Dodolina; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER N H
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| Use of Outflow for Tree and Bush Species Irrigation (Ispol'zovaniye Stokov Dlya Poliva Drevesno-Kustarnikovykh Porod), |
JUN 1978 |
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| Authors:
B. A. Abramov; V. I. Korobov; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER N H
|
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| Repetitive Loading Tests on Membrane-Enveloped Road Sections during Freeze-Thaw Cycles, |
MAY 1978 |
|
| Authors:
N. Smith; R. A. Eaton; J. M. Stubstad; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER N H
|
| Road test sections of membrane-enveloped silt and clay soils overlain with asphalt cement concrete were subjected to repetitive dynamic plate-bearing loadings to determine their strength variations during freeze-thaw cycles. The recoverable surface deformations in the load deflection bowl were continuously measured during the loading cycles and analyzed using the Chevron layered elastic computer program to obtain the in situ resilient deformation modulus of the various section layers at different stages ... |
|
| Notion of Ice-Foot with Special Reference to the Saint-Laurent Estuary (La Notion de Pied de Glace (Icefoot) en Particulier dans l'Estuaire du Saint-Laurent), |
MAY 1978 |
|
| Authors:
Jean-Claude Dionne; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER N H
|
| In the first part, a review of the existing definitions and classification of the icefoot is made, showing that the icefoot notion is inaccurate, often ambiguous and not the same for everyone. In the second part, a definition and a description of the icefoot in the St. Lawrence Estuary are offered. Two main types of icefoot are distinguished: the upper and the lower strand icefoot. The protective and the morpho-sedimentological ... |
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| Load Bearing Capacity of Ice, |
MAY 1978 |
|
| Authors:
Malin Sundberg-Falkenmark; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER N H
|
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| Improved Drainage and Frost Action Criteria for New Jersey Pavement Design. Phase 2. Frost Action. |
MAY 1978 |
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| Authors:
Richard L. Berg; Richard W. McGaw; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER N H
|
| With the assistance of the Federal Highway Administration, the New Jersey Department of Transportation (NJDOT) is studying the feasibility of including open-graded drainage layers in their highway pavements. Before constructing actual pavements with open-graded drainage layers they chose to analytically examine the influence of the drainage layer on frost penetration beneath hypothetical pavements, CRREL conducted the analytical study under a contract with the NJDOT. Thermal conductivity values of several New ... |
|
| Collection of Articles on the Utilization of Animal Waste for Irrigation. |
MAY 1978 |
|
| Authors:
COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER N H
|
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| Processes of Transformation of the Snow Layer in Central Asian Mountains (Protsessy Transformatsii Snezhnoi Tolshchi v Gorakh Srednei Azii), |
MAY 1978 |
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| Authors:
L. A. Kanayev; N. K. Taipayeva; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER N H
|
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| Processing and Analysis of Field Data of Technical Observations of Hydraulic Structures and the Evaluation of Their Safety (Obravotka i Analiz Dann'kh Naturn'kh Teknicheskikh Nabliudenii za Gidrosoorujeniimi i Otsenka Ikh Bezopasnosti), |
MAY 1978 |
|
| Authors:
V. V. Blinkov; E. K. Aleksandrovskaya; O. N. Nosova; V. N. Ducheva; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER N H
|
| The primary purpose of field investigations in the USSR, as in other countries, is monitoring the condition of important hydrotechnical structures during their construction and during their operation. The scientific-methodological questions associated with field investigations, although important are resolved by means of using the material derived from observations which are purely applied in nature. (Author) |
|
| Technical Evaluation of the Safety of Hydrotechnical Structures (Teknicheskai Ostenka Bezolasnosti Gidrotekhnicheskikh Soorujenii), |
MAY 1978 |
|
| Authors:
V. S. Kuznetsov; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER N H
|
| As in the entire world, an important place in hydrotechnical construction in the USSR is taken by earthen dams. The modern conditions of building hydrotechnical structures are becoming more and more complicated, at the same time as the scale of structures is vigorously growing. The construction of facilities must be more and more often carried out under complex engineering-geological conditions, in regions with a high seismic activity, a severe climate ... |
|
| Statistical Analysis of the Distribution of Snow Cover Depth in Small Mountainous Areas. (Statisticheskii Analiz Raspredeleniia Glubiny Snezhnogo Pokrova na Malykh Ploshchadiakh V. Gorakh), |
MAY 1978 |
|
| Authors:
A. A. Chirkova; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER N H
|
| This work makes an attempt to estimate the amount of snow cover in areas comparable to the dimensions of a snow (observation) post using statistical methods. The original material was the results of special snow-measuring surveys conducted in 1967, 1971 and 1972 in certain basins of western Tyan-Shan. The principles of choosing the area consisted in an attempt to find the most level parts of a slope and to hold ... |
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| Interaction of a Surface Wave with a Dielectric Slab Discontinuity, |
APR 1978 |
|
| Authors:
Steven A. Arcone; Allan J. Delaney; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER N H
|
| The interaction of a 5.1-GHz transverse electric surface wave with a dielectric slab is experimentally investigated. The wave is initially supported by a dielectric substrate resting upon a metallic ground-plane. A slab, made of the same dielectric material as the substrate and variable in height, is then placed upon the waveguide. The results for a small slab sitting on the substrate showed that the discontinuity was a very inefficient launcher ... |
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| Segregation Freezing as the Cause of Suction Force for Ice Lens Formation, |
APR 1978 |
|
| Authors:
Shunsuke Takagi; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER N H
|
| A new freezing mechanism, called segregation freezing, is proposed to explain the generation of the suction force that draws pore water up to the freezing surface of a growing ice lens. The segregation freezing temperature is derived by applying thermodynamics to a soil mechanics concept that distinguishes the effective pressure from the neutral pressure. The frost-heaving pressure is formulated in the solution of the differential equations of the simultaneous flow ... |
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| Computer Processing of LANDSAT Digital Data and Sensor Interface Development for Use in New England Reservoir Management. |
APR 1978 |
|
| Authors:
Carolyn J. Merry; Harlan L. McKim; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER N H
|
| A preliminary analysis of Landsat digital data using the NASA GISS computer algorithms for an 11 February scene of the upper St. John River Basin, Maine, showed that the total radiance of pixels contained in three snow courses varied from 5.34 to 7.74 mW/sq. cm sr for a water equivalent of approximately 24.1 cm (9.5 in.) of water. This correlation between radiance values and water equivalent of the snowpack still ... |
|
| Mechanics of Cutting and Boring. Part 8: Dynamics and Energetics of Continuous Belt Machines, |
APR 1978 |
|
| Authors:
Malcolm Mellor; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER N H
|
| The report deals with forces and power requirements for cutting machines of the belt type, as exemplified by large chain saws and ladder trenchers. The forces of single cutting tools are considered, and related to the overall forces on a cutter bar. Forces are related to power, and sources of loss are identified. Tractive thrust and normal reaction are analyzed and used to assess the traction, weight and balance factors ... |
|
| The Compression of Wet Snow, |
APR 1978 |
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| Authors:
S. C. Colbeck; K. A. Shaw; G. Lemieux; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER N H
|
| The compressibility of wet snow is described in terms of pressure melting and nonlinear viscous deformation at grain contacts. The results of experiments with different salinities and liquid water contents are compared with computed densities. The decreasing compressibility of wet snow with increasing salinity and decreasing liquid content is quantified and explained. Simultaneous particle growth and the doubly charged layer at phase boundaries are included in the model. The results ... |
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Reports by Corporate Author
