| Energetic Residues from Field Disposal of Gun Propellants |
12 Aug 2009 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
Michael R Walsh; Marianne E Walsh; Alan D Hewitt; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER NH
|
 | Military training with howitzers and mortars produces excess propellant that is burned on the training range and can result in point sources containing high concentrations of unreacted propellant constituents. Propellants contain energetic compounds such as nitroglycerin (NG) and 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT), both of which are found at firing positions and propellant disposal areas. To quantify the mass of residue remaining from the field-expedient disposal of propellants, two mortar propellants and one ... |
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| Estimating Vertical Stress on Soil Subjected to Vehicular Loading |
Feb-2009 |
38 pages |
| Authors:
Tyler Olmstead; Erika Fischer; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER NH
|
| This report describes a preliminary study in support of ongoing research to model soil stress resulting from vehicular traffic on unprepared ground. The soils used in this study were sand, wet sand, and silt. The soils in the prepared soil beds were first characterized as to strength, density, and plasticity. Then pressure sensors were embedded at depths of 2 and 5 in. These were then traversed several times by a ... |
|
| Guest Editorial: Cryospheric Science and Engineering |
Jan-2008 |
3 pages |
| Authors:
Mary R Albert; Cathleen A Geiger; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER NH
|
| This Special Issue of Cold Regions Science and Technology contains a sampling of papers that were presented at the Cryospheric Science and Engineering Symposium held at the U.S. Army ERDC Cold Regions Research and Engineering Lab in Hanover, NH on 19 October 2006. The Symposium brought together cold regions engineers and scientists to share results on topics spanning many cold regions issues. Some of the topics have been important endeavors ... |
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| Identifying Nonstationarity in the Atmospheric Surface Layer |
Jan-2007 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
Cathleen A Geiger; Edgar L Andreas; George Trevino; Kerry J Claffey; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER NH
|
| The atmospheric boundary layer is inherently nonstationary. quickly influences the wind speed profile. The the transition in sky conditions as cloud layers develop or dissipate rapidly forces the surface temperature just as do sunrise and sunset transitions. Monin-Obukhov similarity theory, which organizes our understanding of the atmospheric boundary layer especially the atmospheric surface layer relies on two assumptions that seem at odds with this depiction of the atmospheric boundary layer: ... |
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| Object-Oriented Approach to Manipulating Acoustic and Seismic Spectra |
DEC 2006 |
42 pages |
| Authors:
D. K. Wilson; Jacob I. Torrey; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER NH
|
| The software design and underlying mathematics for an object-oriented, Java-based approach to creating and manipulating frequency-dependent functions, such as power spectral densities, is described. The frequency dependence is modeled as a series of power-law bands, which provides a high degree of flexibility and efficiency for representing common spectral models such as evenly spaced bands, octave bands, narrow spectral lines, broadband noise, and power laws. Conversions between the various spectral models ... |
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| Propagation of Uncertainties in Sea Ice Thickness Calculations From Basin-Scale Operational Observations: A Report Prepared for the International Ice Charting Working Group and the National/Naval Ice Center |
SEP 2006 |
39 pages |
| Authors:
Cathleen A. Geiger; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER NH
|
| Sea ice serves as a natural flux monitor of the global heat balance. This capability is attributed to the unique location of sea ice at the interface of the world's two largest circulation systems the air and ocean. The increased awareness of warming in the polar region has precipitated increased efforts to measure sea ice thickness as an index for global heat changes. This increased awareness has brought with it ... |
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| Distribution of Ordinary High Water Mark (OHWM) Indicators and Their Reliability in Identifying the Limits of "Waters of the United States" in Arid Southwestern Channels |
FEB 2006 |
27 pages |
| Authors:
Robert W. Lichvar; David C. Finnegan; Michael P. Ericsson; Walter Ochs; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER NH
|
| The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (COE) is actively involved in flood plain management and regulation of dry wash flood plains in the western United States. The COE also regulates "Waters of the United States" (WoUS) under Sec. 404 of the Clean Water Act by determining the extent of surface indicators related to "ordinary" flood discharges known as Ordinary High Water Marks (OHWM). The return interval for inundation to the ... |
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| Assessment of the Effectiveness of the Israel River Ice Control Structure, Lancaster, NH |
JAN 2006 |
41 pages |
| Authors:
Carrie M. Vuyovich; Kathleen D. White; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER NH
|
| The Israel River in Lancaster NH. has experienced numerous significant ice jams. In 1981 the New England Division of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers completed an ice control structure (ICS) located about 0.5 miles upstream from the center of town. The 9-ft-high concrete-capped gabion weir was designed to retain both frazil ice during freezeup and broken ice after ice cover breakup. In recent years. the ICS has fallen into ... |
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| Estimating Energetic Residue Loading on Military Artillery Ranges: Large Decision Units |
MAR 2005 |
63 pages |
| Authors:
Alan D. Hewitt; Thomas F. Jenkins; Charles A. Ramsey; Kevin L. Bjella; Thomas A. Ranney; Nancy M. Perron; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER NH
|
| Sampling experiments were conducted at three artillery/mortar impact ranges at Fort Hood, Texas; 29 Palms, California; and Fort Carson, Colorado, and at a mortar firing point at Fort Carson. The objective of these investigations was to assess the use of multi-increment sampling as a means of estimating the concentrations and mass loading of energetic compounds in surface soils for decision units ranging in size from 100 to 10,000 m2. In ... |
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| Collection Methods and Laboratory Processing of Samples from Donnelly Training Area Firing Points, Alaska, 2003 |
MAR 2005 |
74 pages |
| Authors:
Marianne E. Walsh; Charles A. Ramsey; Charles M. Collins; Alan D. Hewitt; Michael R. Walsh; Kevin L. Bjella; Dennis J. Lambert; Nancy M. Perron; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER NH
|
| At firing points for 105-mm howitzers, 2,4-DNT is detectable in the surface soils. 2,4-DNT is listed as a hazardous substance by the EPA and several states, including Alaska. Sample collection methods and laboratory subsampling procedures were developed to estimate the mean concentration of 2,4-DNT at a sparsely vegetated firing point. Collection of replicate 50-increment samples, where the <2-mm fraction was approximately 3 kg, was found to be adequate to estimate ... |
|
| Incorporation of Atmospheric Flow Fields and Ground Interactions into Acoustic Finite-Difference, Time-Domain Simulations |
DEC 2004 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
D. K. Wilson; David H. Marlin; Sandra L. Collier; Neill P. Symons; David F. Aldrige; Vladimir E. Ostashev; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER NH
|
| By providing highly realistic simulations of sound propagation through complex atmospheric and terrain environments, finite-difference time- domain (FDTD) techniques can potentially reduce development time and improve the battlefield performance of acoustic sensors. In this paper, we summarize recent progress in improving two key aspects of acoustic FDTD calculations for the atmosphere: (1) development of a rigorous implementation of sound propagation in a moving, inhomogeneous fluid, and (2) formulation and numerical ... |
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| Past Research on Sound Propagation through Forests |
OCT 2004 |
23 pages |
| Authors:
Donald G. Albert; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER NH
|
| This report reviews past scientific research to determine whether forests have any noise reduction effects for blast noise from artillery training or explosions. Unfortunately, there has been very little relevant work that would contribute to answering this question. For military noise sources, the main frequencies of interest are below 100 Hz. Most of the past investigations have been done at high frequencies using low-amplitude continuous wave noise sources rather than ... |
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| Finite-Difference, Time-Domain Simulation of Sound Propagation in a Dynamic Atmosphere |
MAY 2004 |
63 pages |
| Authors:
D. K. Wilson; Lanbo Liu; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER NH
|
| Finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) techniques hold much promise for performing realistic simulations of sound propagation through complex dynamic outdoor environments. This report focuses on a key aspect of FDTD in the atmosphere namely the incorporation of a moving background medium (wind and turbulence in the atmosphere) into the calculations. Appropriate differential equations for FDTD simulation of sound propagation in a moving fluid are discussed. It is shown that FDTD calculations are ... |
|
| Extending the Season for Concrete Construction and Repair. Phase 1 - Establishing the Technology |
FEB 2004 |
146 pages |
| Authors:
Charles J. Korhonen; Peter M. Semen; Lynette A. Barna; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER NH
|
| The benefit of combining several commercial admixtures into a formulation to protect fresh concrete against freezing and promote significant strength development while the internal temperature of the concrete is below freezing was investigated. Laboratory studies developed eight potential admixture combinations for use at low temperatures. Each combination was shown in the laboratory to produce concrete that had reasonable workability; that could be entrained with air, that did not freeze until ... |
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| Quasi-Wavelet Calculations of Sound Scattering Behind Barriers |
2004 |
24 pages |
| Authors:
D. K. Wilson; Vladimir E. Ostashev; George H. Goedecke; Harry J. Auvermann; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER NH
|
| Quasi-wavelets (QWs) are a representation of turbulence consisting of self-similar, eddy-like structures with random orientations and positions in space. They are used in this paper to calculate the scattering, due to turbulent velocity fluctuations, of sound behind noise barriers as a function of the size and spatial location of the eddies. The sound scattering cross-section for QWs of an individual size class (eddy size) is derived and shown to reproduce ... |
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| Design and Operational Issues While Tunneling in Firn at the South Pole Station |
SEP 2003 |
47 pages |
| Authors:
Michael R. Walsh; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER NH
|
| Locating utilities on the surface at the United States' Amundsen- Scott South Pole Station causes many maintenance problems unique to that environment. The extreme low temperatures, drifting snow, and long, dark winters all restrict easy access to these critical components for most of the year. To avoid these problems, a tunneling system to drive tunnels in the dense, hard firn at the South Pole was designed and built for the ... |
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| Stability of CL-20, TNAZ, HMX, RDX, NG, and PETN in Moist, Unsaturated Soil |
APR 2003 |
24 pages |
| Authors:
Thomas F. Jenkins; Claudia Bartolini; Thomas A. Ranney; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER NH
|
| The stability of a number of the chemical components of energetic materials was evaluated in three moist, unsaturated soils. This study was conducted to evaluate the stability of several components of currently used energetic materials and two chemicals that may be used in future energetic material compositions in unsaturated, moist surface soils from three military training ranges. The compounds studied were nitroglycerin (NG), pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN), hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX), octahydro-1, 3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7- ... |
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| Early Warning Flood Stage Monitoring Equipment |
APR 2003 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
Christopher Williams; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER NH
|
| Communities built along both large and small rivers can be threatened by flooding and the associated potential for loss of life and personal property. whether resulting front heavy rains, snowmelt, ice jams, or combinations of these, flooding can occur unpredictably and without warning. An advanced early flood warning system could prevent fatalities and loss of personal property. The Engineering Resources Branch of the Engineer Research and Development Center's Cold Regions ... |
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| Planning Level Delineation and Geospatial Characterization of Aquatic Resources for San Jacinto and Portions of Santa Margarita Watersheds, Riverside County, California |
MAR 2003 |
90 pages |
| Authors:
Robert Lichvar; Gregory Gustina; Michael Ericsson; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER NH
|
| A planning level delineation of aquatic resources was performed within the San Jacinto River and portions of Santa Margarita River Watersheds in Riverside County, California. This was the identification of areas that meet both the jurisdictional requirements under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act and the California Department of Fish and Game (CDFG) Section 1600 Code at a watershed scale. Although the delineation is highly accurate at the planning ... |
|
| Monitoring Corps Projects With Web Cameras (Ice Engineering. Number 35, September 2002) |
SEP 2002 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER NH
|
| Many Corps projects need monitoring and inspection at regular intervals, if not continuously, to track progress, to assess evolving conditions, or to anticipate undesirable events. Examples of possible uses include observation of riverbank erosion, construction sites, demonstration sites, and machine operation, as well as hydro-meteorological documentation of field sites, monitoring of endangered species, and especially now increased security. Physical monitoring can drain personnel and equipment resources, especially if the site ... |
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| Evaluation of New Sensors for Emergency Management |
AUG 2002 |
34 pages |
| Authors:
Robert Bolus; Andrew Bruzewicz; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER NH
|
| Large-scale natural or technological disasters often require some level of government response to mitigate their effects. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers response actions may occur under Public Law 84-99 authorizing the Chief of Engineers to activate the Corps for emergency flood control and coastal shore protection or under P.L. 93-288 as work for the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). Regardless of the type of disaster, rapid image acquisition and analysis ... |
|
| Study of Five Discrete Interval-Type Groundwater Sampling Devices |
AUG 2002 |
57 pages |
| Authors:
Louise V. Parker; Charles H. Clark; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER NH
|
| Five relatively newly developed ground- water-sampling devices (the Kabis, HydraSleeve, Discrete Interval, Pneumo-Bailer, and USGS Passive Diffusion Bag PDB samplers) were tested to determine their ability to recover representative concentrations of a variety of analytes, including volatile organics, explosives, pesticides, and metals. The first phase of the study included several standpipe experiments with known concentrations of analytes. In the second phase, the devices were used in the field to sample ... |
|
| Ice Engineering Facility (Ice Engineering. Number 34, August 2002) |
AUG 2002 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER NH
|
| The Ice Engineering Facility (IEF) is a unique hydraulic research facility located at the Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (CRREL) in Hanover, New Hampshire part of the Corps of Engineers' Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC). IEF houses the coldrooms for sophisticated modeling of hydraulic processes in cold regions. The design and opening philosophy of the facility is to provide system flexibility for maximum capability in solving cold regions ... |
|
| Videomonitoring Performance of the St. Marys River Ice Islands and Ice Boom |
MAY 2002 |
44 pages |
| Authors:
Andrew M. Tuthill; John J. Gagnon; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER NH
|
| In 1997, six islands were constructed to stabilize the ice cover at the entrance to the Little Rapids Cut on the St. Marys River at Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan. It was hoped that the artificial islands would eliminate the need for an ice retention boom installed annually since 1974 by the Corps of Engineers. The U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (CRREL) videomonitored the performance of the ice ... |
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| SOIL ATTENUATION IN SEISMIC SIMULATIONS: IMPLICATIONS FOR VEHICLE TRACKING, |
FEB 2002 |
|
| Authors:
STEPHEN A. KETCHAM; Roy J. Greenfield; MARK L. MORAN; Thomas S. Anderson; STIG O. HESTHOLM; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER NH
|
 | (U) THIS PAPER DESCRIBES AN IMPLEMENTATION OF BROADBAND SOIL ATTENUATION IN FINITE DIFFERENCE TIME DOMAIN (FDTD) SIMULATIONS OF SEISMIC WAVE PROPAGATION FROM IMPULSIVE SOURCES. THE PAPER CONCENTRATES ON THE ATTENUATION PHENOMENON, THE COMPUTATIONAL APPROACH, COMPARISONS WITH RESULTS FROM NON ATTENUATING SOIL MODELS, AND THE IMPACTS ON RANGE ESTIMATION. RESULTS ARE BASED ON A THREE DIMENSIONAL VISCOELASTIC FDTD CODE WHICH ALLOWS IMPULSIVE AND MOVING VEHICLE SIMULATIONS OVER REALISTIC HETEROGENEOUS GEOLOGIES AND ... |
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| MECHANICAL SYSTEM SIMULATIONS FOR SEISMIC SIGNATURE MODELING, |
FEB 2002 |
|
| Authors:
J. LACOMBE; M. Moran; D. HARJES; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER NH
|
| (U) THIS PAPER PRESENTS SEISMIC SIGNATURE SIMULATIONS USING GROUND VIBRATION INPUTS FRON HIGH FIDELITY 3-D MECHANICAL SYSTEM MODELS. RESULTS FROM AN M1A1 AND T72 ARE DISCUSSED. THE PAPER ANALYZES THE SIMULATED SEISMIC SIGNATURE DATA IN CONJUNCTION WITH THE SPECTRAL FEATURES ASSOCIATED WITH THE VIBRATIONS OF SPECIFIC VEHICLE SPRUNG AND UNSPRUNG COMPONENTS. THE AUTHORS ECPECT TO MAKE UNAMBIGUOUS ASSOCOATIONS OF SEISMIC SIGNAL FEATURES WITH SUSPENSION ELEMENTS, OFFERING INSIGHT INTO TARGET CLASSIFICATION. ... |
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| 3-D CHARACTERIZATION OF SEISMIC PROPERTIES AT THE SMART WEAPONS TEST RANGE, YPG, |
FEB 2002 |
|
| Authors:
RICHARD D. MILLER; Thomas S. Anderson; JONN C. DAVIS; DON W. STEEPLES; MARK L. MORAN; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER NH
|
| (U) THIS PAPER PRESENTS RESULTS FOR AN EXTENSIVE HIGH RESOLUTION GEOPHYSICAL CHARACTERIZATION STUDY AT THE SMART WEAPONS TEST RANGE SITE ALONG WITH VALIDATION USING 3-D MODELING. IN THE STUDY SEVERAL SHALLOW SEISMIC METHODS AND PROCESSING TECHNIQUES WERE USED TO GENERATE A 3-D GRID OF EARTH SEISMIC PROPERTIES, INCLUDING COMPRESSIONAL AND SHEAR BODY WAVE SPEEDS AND THEIR ASSOCIATED BODY WAVE ATTENUATION PARAMETERS. THE REPORT SHOWS RESULTS OF DETAILED CHARACTERIXATIONS OF GEOPHYSICAL ... |
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| Evaluation of Coatings for Icing Control at Hydraulic Structures. Ice Engineering. Number 33, January 2002 |
JAN 2002 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
Robert B. Haehnel; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER NH
|
| The Ice Engineering Information Exchange Bulletin is published in accordance with AR 25-30 as one of the information exchange functions of the Corps of Engineers. It is primarily intended to be a forum thereby information on ice engineering work done or managed by Corps held offices can be disseminated to other Corps offices, of the U.S. Government agencies, and the engineering community in general. The topic of this issue concerns ... |
|
| Ice Jams, Winter 2000-2001. Ice Engineering. Number 12, December 2001 |
DEC 2001 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Linnzi Furman; Kate White; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER NH
|
| During winter months, rivers, lakes, and streams freeze in cold regions. Ice jams form during initial ice cover formation as the ice accumulates, restricting water flow (freezeup jam), and also form when the ice cover breaks up and clogs the river downstream (breakup jam). When the river becomes jammed with ice, backwater flooding can cause costly damage to low-lying areas and municipal structures. Riverine communities upstream of the jam can ... |
|
| Advances in Icing Control at Corps Hydraulic Structures. Ice Engineering. Number 31, November 2001 |
NOV 2001 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Robert B. Haehnel; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER NH
|
| Adhesion of ice to surfaces creates problems for many industries, including hydropower and navigation. At present, ice removal techniques are costly, hazardous, and time-consuming. and (1992) reported that at one hydropower station in Sweden, ice-related costs averaged $0.2 million per year over a 10-year period. At Corps of Engineer project, annual maintenance costs resulting from ice problems were estimated to be $33 million in 1992 (Haynes et al. 1993). Recent ... |
|
| Mechanical System Simulations for Seismic Signature Modeling |
OCT 2001 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
J. Lacombe; M. Moran; D. Harjes; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER NH
|
| In this paper we present seismic signature simulations using ground vibration inputs from high-fidelity 3-D mechanical system models. Results for an M1A1 and T72 are discussed. By analyzing the simulated seismic signature data in conjunction with the spectral features associated with the vibrations of specific vehicle sprung and un-sprung components we are able to make unambiguous associations of seismic signal features with suspension elements, offering valuable insight into target classification. ... |
|
| 3-D Characterization of Seismic Properties at the Smart Weapons Test Range, YPG |
OCT 2001 |
19 pages |
| Authors:
Richard D. Miller; Thomas S. Anderson; John C. Davis; Don W. Steeples; Mark L. Moran; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER NH
|
| The Smart Weapons Test Range (SWTR) lies within the Yuma Proving Ground (YPG), Arizona. SWTR is a new facility constructed specifically for the development and testing of futuristic intelligent battlefield sensor networks. In this paper, results are presented for an extensive high-resolution geophysical characterization study at the SWTR site along with validation using 3-D modeling. In this study, several shallow seismic methods and novel processing techniques were used to generate ... |
|
| Performance Survey of Inflatable Dams in Ice-Affected Waters. Ice Engineering. Number 30, October 2001 |
OCT 2001 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER NH
|
| Since their first appearance in the mid 195Os, inflatable dams have gained increasing acceptance. There are now more than 2000 of these structures in use worldwide, with an increasing proportion in ice-affected waters. The purpose of this survey is to document the performance of existing inflatable dams in rivers with ice, and outline potential expanded uses in the field of river ice control. Inflatable dam applications include headgates for irrigation, ... |
|
| Ice Jams, Winter 1999-2000. Ice Engineering. Number 29, September 2001 |
SEP 2001 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
Anna Rudberg; Linnzi Furman; Kate White; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER NH
|
| Ice jams are accumulations of ice that forms on rivers, often constricting water flow or flooding low-lying areas upstream from the jam. The ice jams may form during the initial ice formation period (freezeup jams), or when the ice cover begins to break tip and move downstream (breakup jams). The likelihood of an ice jam is increased by local river geometry. weather characteristics, and floodplain land-use practices. Places where the ... |
|
| A New Approach to Cold-Weather Concreting. Ice Engineering. Number 28, August 2001, |
AUG 2001 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
Charles J. Korhonen; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER NH
|
| Since the 1930s, the primary approach to cold-weather construction has been to avoid freezing of the concrete during the curing period. The contractor must ensure that the concrete is delivered warm to the construction site, is placed on thawed surfaces, and is kept warm by insulation or by heated enclosures. The U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (CRREL) has spent much of the past decade studying alternate approaches ... |
|
| A Method for Producing Fine-Grained Ice from Snow by Compaction |
AUG 2001 |
41 pages |
| Authors:
Deborah Diemand; Velery Klokov; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER NH
|
| This report describes a preliminary study of the fabrication of building blocks by converting snow directly to ice without the very high energy cost of melting it first. This was accomplished by a hot sinter technique that produced a very fine-grained material that is considerably stronger than natural ice. The very high pressures applied to the snow appear not only to have reduced the grain size present in the raw ... |
|
| Characterization of Explosives Contamination at Military Firing Ranges |
JUL 2001 |
36 pages |
| Authors:
Thomas F. Jenkins; Judith C. Pennington; Thomas A. Ranney; Thomas E. Berry Jr.; Paul H. Miyares; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER NH
|
| Soil samples were collected at military training ranges at two Army installations. Three areas were sampled within the training ranges at Fort Lewis Washington: the band grenade range a 105-mm howitzer firing point and a portion of the artillery impact area and a hand grenade range at Fort Richardson Alaska. Soil samples were analyzed for explosives-related residues by GC-ECD using SW- 846 Method 8095 (draft). All soil samples from both ... |
|
| Marine Ice Atlas for Cook Inlet, Alaska |
MAY 2001 |
|
| Authors:
Nathan D. Mulherin; Walter B. Tucker III; Orson P. Smith; William J. Lee; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER NH
|
| Cook Inlet is a 350-km-long estuary located in south-central Alaska. Approximately half the population of Alaska resides near its shores. Anchorage, situated near its northern end, is the state's largest city and a major center for commerce, industry, recreation, and transportation. Shipping routes in Cook Inlet serve year-round oil and natural gas production in central Cook Inlet and the import of consumer goods and petroleum products to the Port of ... |
|
| Field Gas Chromatography/Thermionic Detector System for On-Site Determination of Explosives in Soils |
MAY 2001 |
29 pages |
| Authors:
Alan D. Hewitt; Thomas F. Jenkins; Thomas A. Ranney; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER NH
|
| On-site determination of nitroaromatic,nitramine,and nitrate ester explosives compounds in soils was performed using a field-portable gas chromatograph (GC)equipped with a thermionic ionization detector (TID)selective for compounds with nitro functional groups. Soil samples were extracted with acetone. A 1 microliter volume of the filtered soil extract was manually injected into the GC,allowing for the rapid qualification and quantification of the suite of explosives that often coexist in soils at military training ... |
|
| Characterizing Range Scrap and Developing Quality Assurance Coupons for Hot Gas Decontamination Trials |
MAR 2001 |
18 pages |
| Authors:
Alan D. Hewitt; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER NH
|
| Characterization and decontamination of range scrap are relatively new compliance issues for military training and testing facilities. This report describes the development of an approach for characterizing energetic residues on range scrap and a method to assess the performance of a low-cost hot gas decontamination system. The procedure used to identify secondary explosives on range scrap involves a two-tiered analytical process. Initially,simple wet chemical tests that can be interpreted visually ... |
|
| Influence of Wheel Load Shape on Vertical Stress Reaching Subgrade through an Aggregate Layer |
MAR 2001 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
Karen S. Henry; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER NH
|
| The U.S. Army design procedure to stabilize low-bearing-capacity soil with geotextiles is based on the assumption that the applied surface load (the wheel load) is in the shape of a circle. The maximum vertical stress that reaches the subgrade through overlying aggregate is then estimated on the basis of the assumption that the aggregate is an elastic,homogeneous, isotropic half- space and, therefore, that the stress distribution can be estimated by ... |
|
| Considerations for Dam Removal in Ice-Affected Rivers. Ice Engineering. Number 27, January 2001 |
JAN 2001 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
Kathleen D. White; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER NH
|
| During the past several hundred years, many dams have been built in the United States to meet the power, water supply, flood control, and recreational needs of a variety of users. The National Research Council estimates that there are about 2.5 million dams in the United States, ranging from small farm pond dams to large hydropower dams (NRC 1992). Recently, increased awareness of the ecological, recreational, economic, and safety issues ... |
|
| FDTD SEISMIC SIMULATION OF MOVING TRACKED VEHICLE, |
JAN 2001 |
|
| Authors:
STEPHEN A. KETCHAM; MARK L. MORAN; Roy J. Greenfield; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER NH
|
| (U) THIS PAPER DESCRIBES THE UTILITY OF A LARGE FINITE DIFFERENCE TIME DOMAIN (FDTD) SIMULATION OF SEISMIC WAVE PROPAGATION FROM A SPATIALLY AND TIME VARYING SOURCE THAT GENERICALLY REPRESENTS A MOVING TRACKED VEHICLE. THE FOCUS IS THE COMPUTATIONAL APPROACH AND REQUIREMENTS FOR THE LONG DURATION SIMULATION, THE GEOLOGIC MODEL, THE MOVING VEHICLE FORCE ALGORITHM, THE RESULTING PARTICLE VELOCITY WAVE FIELDS, AND EXAMPLE APPLICATIONS OF THE DATA. THE EVENT DURATION REFLECTS ... |
|
| A 3-DIMENSIONAL DYNAMICS MODEL FOR GENERATING TRACKED VEHICLE SEISMIC SIGNALS, |
JAN 2001 |
|
| Authors:
JAMES LACOMBE; MARK MORAN; SCOTT HAPPEL; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER NH
|
| (U) THIS PAPER GENERATION OF VEHICLE SPECIFIC SIGNATURES REQUIRING VEHICLE GENERATED FORCES ACTING ON THE EARTH'S SURFACE AT THE VEHICLE. THE PAPER PRESENTS A DESCRIPTION OF CUSTOMIZED ENHANCEMENTS TO COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE DYNAMIC ANALYSIS SOFTWARE KNOWN AS DADS (DYNAMIC ANALYSIS DESIGN SYSTEM). THE CUMTEMIZATIONS SIMPLIFY CREATION OF A 3-D DYNAMICS MODEL OF A TRACKED VEHICLE, PARTICULARLY ITS SUSPENSION. THE FIRST APPLICATION OF THIS MODELING CAPABILITY IS TO AN M1 TANK. THE ... |
|
| The Effects of Thin, Near-surface Layers on Seismic Signals |
13 OCT 2000 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
R. J. Greenfield; M. L. Moran; S. A. Ketcham; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER NH
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| Signals generated by moving tracked vehicles can be significantly affected by near-surface materials including pavements, compacted soils, shallow bed rock, and the water table. The ways that seismic signals depend on these surface layers are examined by analyzing impulsive point forces applied at the earth-air interface. Fields are calculated using a plane layered frequency domain wavenumber model. Synthetic time domain seismograms are generated by convolving the layered earth impulse responses ... |
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| Geologic Adaptation for Seismic Network Tracking |
OCT 2000 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
Mark L. Moran; Roy J. Greenfield; Stephen A. Ketcham; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER NH
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| We demonstrate a practical method for automatically adapting a network of seismic unattended UGSs to their specific geologic setting. The demonstration relies on data generated from high-fidelity 3D seismic simulations of a moving vehicle traversing a complex terrain having heterogeneous geology, and significant topographic relief. The simulated data, allows an arbitrary deployment of sensor nodes to form a network. Importantly, the simulated data shows realistic variations in character with as ... |
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| Ice Jams in New Hampshire. Ice Engineering. Number 26, October 2000 |
OCT 2000 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Lourie Herrin; Kate White; Heidi Eames; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER NH
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| An ice jam is an accumulation of ice in a river that restricts water flow and may cause backwater that floods low-lying areas upstream from the jam. Areas below the ice jam can also be affected when the jam releases, sending water and ice downstream. Damages resulting from ice jams can affect homes, buildings, roads, and riverine structures; block hydropower and water supply intakes; and decrease downstream discharge. Roads may ... |
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| Ice Engineering. Number 25, September 2000. Remote Ice Motion Detection |
SEP 2000 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER NH
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| The Ice Engineering Information Exchange Bulletin is published as one of the information exchange functions of the Corps of Engineers. It is primarily intended to be a forum whereby information on ice engineering work done or managed by Corps field offices can be disseminated to other Corps offices, other U.S. Government agencies, and the engineering community in general. The potential exists for property damage, serious injury, and fatalities during ice- ... |
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| FDTD Seismic Simulation of Moving Tracked Vehicle |
SEP 2000 |
19 pages |
| Authors:
Stephen A. Ketcham; Mark L. Moran; Roy J. Greenfield; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER NH
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| This paper describes the utility of a large finite-difference time domain (FDTD) simulation of seismic wave propagation from a spatially and time varying source that generically represents a moving tracked vehicle. The focus is the computational approach and requirements for the long-duration simulation, the geologic model, the moving vehicle force algorithm, the resulting particle velocity wave fields, and example applications of the data. The 8th order FDTD simulation consisted of ... |
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| A 3-Dimensional Dynamics Model for Generating Tracked Vehicle Seismic Signals |
SEP 2000 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
James Lacombe; mark Moran; Scott Happel; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER NH
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| The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers is developing a capability to simulate seismic signatures of moving armored vehicles. To generate vehicle specific signatures these high-fidelity simulations require vehicle-generated forces acting on the earths surface at the vehicle. We present a description of customized enhancements to commercially available dynamic analysis software known as DADS (Dynamic Analysis Design System LMS-CAE Coralville Iowa). The customizations simplify creation of a 3-D dynamics model of ... |
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