The CD4+ T cell response is critical for cellular autoimmunity in human T1D, but incomplete understanding of issues of specific cell frequency, avidity, function, and correlation with disease status presents major obstacles to improved therapies. This research study entails using humanized mice manifesting type 1 diabetes (T1D)-associated human HLA molecules to address the fate and pathogenicity of high and low avidity T cells reactive to the putative autoantigen glutamic acid ...