| Discovering Patterns of Insurgency via Spatio-Temporal Data Mining |
Dec 2008 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
James P Rogers; James A Shine; Shashi Shekhar; Mete Celik; ARMY TOPOGRAPHIC ENGINEERING CENTER ALEXANDRIA VA
|
 | The need to discover patterns in spatio-temporal (ST) data has driven much recent research in ST cooccurrence patterns. Early work focused on discovering spatial patterns such as co-location without examining the development of patterns over time or the temporal aspect of ST datasets. This paper describes a novel set of cooccurrence patterns called mixed-drove co-occurrence patterns (MDCOPs). They represent subsets of two or more different ST object-types whose instances are ... |
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| The Geology of Somalia: A Selected Bibliography of Somalian Geology, Geography and Earth Science |
FEB 2007 |
431 pages |
| Authors:
Robert L. Hadden; ARMY TOPOGRAPHIC ENGINEERING CENTER ALEXANDRIA VA
|
| This bibliography on the geology, geography, and other earth sciences of Somalia was initiated to fill a request for current information on that war-torn state. The bibliography brings together selected citations from a variety of different cartographic, geographical, geological, agricultural, hydrological, and other earth science resources. Sources include scientific societies, government agencies, nongovernmental organizations, commercial databanks, and major research libraries. Most of the citations have information on where the item ... |
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| The Geology of Liberia: A Selected Bibliography of Liberian Geology, Geography and Earth Science |
MAY 2006 |
173 pages |
| Authors:
Robert L. Hadden; ARMY TOPOGRAPHIC ENGINEERING CENTER ALEXANDRIA VA
|
| This bibliography on the water and geological information or Liberia was begun in 1995 as a request through the US Department or State by the Government or Liberia. It brings together selected citations from a variety of different cartographic, geographical, geological and hydrological resources and specialized library collections. Most of the citations have location information on where these items can be located and used on site, and either borrowed through ... |
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| The Chameleon Concept: Modeling Quaternary Geomorphic Surfaces Using Laboratory, Field, and Imaging Spectrometry in the Lower Colorado Sonoran Desert |
NOV 2005 |
220 pages |
| Authors:
J. D. Lashlee; ARMY TOPOGRAPHIC ENGINEERING CENTER ALEXANDRIA VA
|
| Chameleon is a physics-based landscape modeling software system designed for modeling and simulations. Hyperspectral laboratory, field, and imaging spectrometer measurements are collected as empirical foundation data. Linear spectral unmixing decomposes each image pixel into spectral endmembers. Spectral editing tools allow mathematical manipulation of these fractional abundances and introduction of new spectral information. Image spectra are modified on a sub-pixel, per-pixel, or neighborhood basis, or the entire hypercube can be customized ... |
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| 6.2 Terrain Gap Identification and Analysis for Assured Mobility |
30 SEP 2004 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
S. B. Blundell; Verner Guthrie; Edmundo Simental; ARMY TOPOGRAPHIC ENGINEERING CENTER ALEXANDRIA VA
|
| Assured land mobility of military forces may be adversely impacted by unexpected discontinuities in terrain that fall within the relative vertical error limits of standard terrain elevation models. We define terrain gaps as consisting of such anomalies, within the context of military maneuver, having characteristic dimensions on the order of ten meters or less and minimum slope of approximately 40 degrees, which may impede or constrain the movement of manned ... |
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| Estimating Understory Stem Density From Overstory Structural Characteristics |
MAR 2001 |
44 pages |
| Authors:
Paul F. Krause; Michael V. Campbell; Harry B. Puffenberger; ARMY TOPOGRAPHIC ENGINEERING CENTER ALEXANDRIA VA
|
| Current airborne imagery provides a fairly good mechanism for the measurement of such forest elements as tree crown diameter and tree height. The nature of the understory, however, can only be subjectively estimated by the analyst. Understory density and species composition can have an impact of such military activities as cross country mobility, cover and concealment, line-of- sight, and bivouac locations. This work involves the development of preliminary models to ... |
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| Generating a Coastal Boundary and Merging Bathymetry with DTED(R) Level 1 Using ArcInfo: A Modeling and Simulation Application |
JUN 2000 |
37 pages |
| Authors:
James J. Damron; ARMY TOPOGRAPHIC ENGINEERING CENTER ALEXANDRIA VA
|
| The Environmental Systems Research Institute's (ESRI) Digital Chart of the World (DCW) are vector data created from the National Imagery and Mapping Agency's (NIMA) (formerly the Defense Mapping Agency s (DMA)) Operational Navigation Chart (ONC) at 1:1,000,000 scale. Use of DCW poses a potential problem when working with other digital data at higher resolutions. The PONET and POLINE vector layers in the DCW, which identify a coastal boundary, are not ... |
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| Structural Relationships Of Selected Tree Species at Several Mid- Latitude Deciduous Forest Sites in Virginia |
SEP 1999 |
32 pages |
| Authors:
Paul F. Krause; Harry B. Puffenberger; Michael V. Campbell; ARMY TOPOGRAPHIC ENGINEERING CENTER ALEXANDRIA VA
|
| Many computer models currently used by the U.S. Army require input of forest structural attributes. Knowledge of these attributes impacts cross- country mobility, cover and concealment, bivouac, etc. Access to direct ground measurement of these required parameters in denied areas is not always possible. This necessitates the capability to generate accurate estimates of selected forest features. Airborne imagery provides fairly high accuracy for such elements as ... |
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| A Line-of-Sight Software Reusability Assessment Project |
AUG 1999 |
105 pages |
| Authors:
Robert Atkins; Joni Jarrett; Michael Collins; Gerald Wakefield; ARMY TOPOGRAPHIC ENGINEERING CENTER ALEXANDRIA VA
|
| The U.S. Army Topographic Engineering Center evaluated the results of a widely used Line of Sight (LOS) software model to provide a standard, verified, and validated algorithm for the Mapping, Charting, and Geodesy (MC&G) community. The LOS software evaluated in this report was derived from a legacy code that was subsequently put through white box testing, black box testing, and entered into the McCabe software testing tools to manage the ... |
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| Digital Data Digest, Volume 5, Number 4, Spring 1999. Dissemination of DTD on the Battlefield May Lead to Better Strategic and Tactical Decisions |
MAR 1999 |
18 pages |
| Authors:
ARMY TOPOGRAPHIC ENGINEERING CENTER ALEXANDRIA VA
|
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| Emerging and Contemporary Technologies in Remote Sensing for Ecosystem Assessment and Change Detection on Military Reservations |
DEC 1998 |
74 pages |
| Authors:
Paul T. Tueller; R. D. Ramsey; Thomas D. Frank; Robert A. Washington- Allen; Scott Tweddale; ARMY TOPOGRAPHIC ENGINEERING CENTER ALEXANDRIA VA
|
| Extensive land areas and environmental questions on military landscapes suggest the need for procedures for identifying and monitoring the fundamental vegetation and soil attributes quickly and efficiently. This study is an effort to: (1) evaluate emerging and contemporary remote sensing technology for examining plant succession; (2) determine ecosystem response and recovery in relation to disturbance and degradation through retrospective studies with spatially-explicit spectral-based indices; (3) identify spatial, spectral and temporal ... |
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| Field Calibration Procedures for Multibeam Sonar Systems |
JUN 1998 |
19 pages |
| Authors:
Robert Mann; ARMY TOPOGRAPHIC ENGINEERING CENTER ALEXANDRIA VA
|
| Multibeam sonar systems are the latest advancement in hydrographic surveying technology. These systems consist of a transducer, motion sensor, gyrocompass, and navigation system. Reliable data can only be acquired after proper calibration has been performed on the system as a whole. This calibration begins with the alignment and static offsets of the sensors referenced to the centerline of the vessel and the transducer. The alignment will reduce the static corrections ... |
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| Map Templates for Rapid Mapping |
1998 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
John A. Nedza; Douglas Caldwell; ARMY TOPOGRAPHIC ENGINEERING CENTER ALEXANDRIA VA
|
| As military mapping organizations move from hardcopy map production to digital spatial data production, there is an increasing demand for end users to rapidly convert their Digital Terrain Data (DTD) to a variety of custom softcopy and hardcopy products. This paper examines the rapid mapping problem in the context of a research effort at the U.S. Topographic Engineering Center, Alexandria, VA. The Digital Chart of the ... |
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| Simulation Database Archive and Reuse Project |
1998 |
4 pages |
| Authors:
Michelle T. Bevan; ARMY TOPOGRAPHIC ENGINEERING CENTER ALEXANDRIA VA
|
| One of the continuing challenges to the Modeling and Simulation (M&S) community is finding the appropriate terrain databases (TDBs) for a simulation exercise. The U.S. Army Topographic Engineering Center (TEC) has produced a number of terrain databases through contract, in-house, and cooperative efforts. Over the years these efforts have accumulated a list of TDBs that are available to the DoD M&S community. Unfortunately, many of these databases ... |
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| The FGDC Feature Registry and its Role in Supporting Semantic Interoperability |
1998 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Kevin Backe; Demetra Voyadgis; ARMY TOPOGRAPHIC ENGINEERING CENTER ALEXANDRIA VA
|
| This paper discusses the Federal Geographic Data Committee's (FGDC) Feature Registry project and what the FGDC is doing to support semantic interoperability. It also discusses the semantic information captured for geospatial data by U.S. Federal Government agencies and their current practices for semantic mapping. This paper explores current, ongoing research and development that may contribute to enhancing the semantic interoperability for the geospatial data ... |
|
| Weather and Climate Extremes |
SEP 1997 |
98 pages |
| Authors:
Paul F. Krause; Kathleen L. Flood; ARMY TOPOGRAPHIC ENGINEERING CENTER ALEXANDRIA VA
|
| This report consists of world weather and climate extremes that have been extracted from various sources. The report contains discussions covering the measurement of various meteorological elements, measurement practices, and instrumentation. All extremes are presented in terms of their location and date and, where supportive information is available in the professional literature, detailed discussions of the extreme event are provided. The elements covered in this report include surface air temperature, ... |
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| An Empirical Method to Derive Hourly Temperature Frequencies for Locations Possessing Only Summarized Climate Information |
JUN 97 |
248 pages |
| Authors:
Paul F. Krause; ARMY TOPOGRAPHIC ENGINEERING CENTER ALEXANDRIA VA
|
| Prior research on the subject of surface air temperature is abundant in professional literature, however little attention has been paid to examining the frequency of occurrence of this parameter. A number of professional fields, such as equipment and building design, agriculture, and the military, have performed research in this area as they require knowledge of how often certain temperature thresholds are equaled or exceeded. Prior research focused on both estimating ... |
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| Digital Data Digest, Volume 5, Number 3, Spring 1997. Integrated Product Team Leads GII 2000 Effort |
MAR 1997 |
25 pages |
| Authors:
ARMY TOPOGRAPHIC ENGINEERING CENTER ALEXANDRIA VA
|
| Since the spring of 1996, a small group of scientists and engineers, chartered by the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Command, Control, Communications and Intelligence (ASDC3I), have been diligently working to devise a new paradigm for how the national security agencies, CINCs and Services, and defense agencies will work together as a community to achieve information dominance. |
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| Advanced Hydrographic Surveying and Dredging System |
JAN 1997 |
41 pages |
| Authors:
Anthony Niles; ARMY TOPOGRAPHIC ENGINEERING CENTER ALEXANDRIA VA
|
| The Topographic Engineering Center (TEC) and Coastal Oceanographics, Inc, initiated a 2-year CPAR Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CPAR-CRDA) in March 1994. Coastal Oceanographics' hydrographic surveying software, HYPACK, was becoming the predominant system used aboard Corps and contractor survey vessels. The software also is used by various other Federal, state and local agencies, as well as commercial firms. Much of the software capability and functionality was driven by Corps requirements, ... |
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| Fusion of Digital Multispectral Videography With Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar |
1997 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Robert L. Fischer; John E. Anderson; Melvin B. Satterwhite; Jennifer A. Ware; ARMY TOPOGRAPHIC ENGINEERING CENTER ALEXANDRIA VA
|
| As new remote sensing systems possessing different spectral and spatial capabilities become available, the fusion of sensors utilizing different regions of the electromagnetic spectrum will accelerate. This paper describes the techniques used to merge interferometric synthetic aperture radar (IFSAR) with digital multispectral videography (DMSV). A thirty-five frame digital multispectral mosaic was constructed and merged with the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and backscatter layers derived from an ... |
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| Digital Data Digest, Volume 5, Number 2, Fall 1996. Army and NIMA Work with Warfighters to Evaluate High-Resolution Digital Terrain Data Bases |
OCT 1996 |
19 pages |
| Authors:
ARMY TOPOGRAPHIC ENGINEERING CENTER ALEXANDRIA VA
|
| High-resolution terrain data took a step out of Virtual Reality into reality during the Operational Warfighter Evaluation conducted at Fort Benning, Ga., July 16-18, 1996. This exercise brought together Army, Marine Corps and Special Operations experts to hike, climb, and crawl through the cinder-block buildings of the McKenna Military Operations on Urban Terrain (MOUT) site and then compare what they experienced to special high-resolution terrain data and computer-generated synthetic environments ... |
|
| Bibliography of In-House and Contract Reports, Supplement 20 |
OCT 96 |
90 pages |
| Authors:
Jean R. Diaz; ARMY TOPOGRAPHIC ENGINEERING CENTER ALEXANDRIA VA
|
| This is Supplement 20 to the TEC Bibliography of In-House and Contract Reports. This supplement provides author and title indexes, abstracts, and AD numbers for the 1994 through 1996 additions to the continuing bibliography. It also contains a complete title index designed to be used in conjunction with the 20 published bibliographies and refers to them by year and number. |
|
| Interim Terrain Data (ITD) and Vector Product Interim Terrain Data (VITD) User's Guide. Edition 1 |
SEP 96 |
84 pages |
| Authors:
William H. Ryder; ARMY TOPOGRAPHIC ENGINEERING CENTER ALEXANDRIA VA
|
| The Interim Terrain Data (ITD)/Vector Product Interim Terrain Data(VITD) User's Guide is intended to be a convenient reference for users of these types of terrain analysis data. ITD is a digitized version of the standard 1:50,000-scale Tactical Terrain Analysis Data Base(TTADB) product produced by the Defense Mapping Agency (DMA). Like TTADB, ITD is comprised of six thematic layers of spatial and feature data. These include Obstacles, Surface Drainage, Transportation, Surface ... |
|
| An Assessment of the Horizontal Accuracy of Interim Trrain Data |
APR 96 |
33 pages |
| Authors:
Louis Fatale; Jeffrey Messmore; James Ackeret; ARMY TOPOGRAPHIC ENGINEERING CENTER ALEXANDRIA VA
|
| Within the U.S. Army and throughout the private sector, the accuracy of Digital Topographic Data (DTD) is often taken for granted. Users assume terrain data to be accurate merely because of its digital nature. This report describes a study that was undertaken to determine the horizontal accuracy of Interim Terrain Data (ITD), a 1:50,000-scale terrain analysis data base. ITD is composed of vector features and associated attributes representing land cover ... |
|
| El Nino Its Far-Reaching Environmental Effects on Army Tactical Decision Aids |
MAR 96 |
75 pages |
| Authors:
John Neander; ARMY TOPOGRAPHIC ENGINEERING CENTER ALEXANDRIA VA
|
| A series of benign changes in pressure and temperature over Darwin, Australia and Tahiti often results in significant changes in oceanographic and atmospheric patterns around the world. These, in turn, can produce short-term weather changes that impact vested interests of the United States on the world's political and military arenas. At the onset of an El Nino, the oceanographic changes are complemented by atmospheric changes that result in abrupt weather ... |
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| Handbook for Transformation of Datums, Projections, Grids and Common Coordinate Systems |
JAN 96 |
165 pages |
| Authors:
Frederick Gloeckler; Richard Joy; Justin Simpson; Daniel Specht; ARMY TOPOGRAPHIC ENGINEERING CENTER ALEXANDRIA VA
|
| This document provides Army organizations and agencies with general guidance on selecting the appropriate methods for shifting between local geodetic datums and the World Geodetic System (WGS), and for converting Cartesian and map projection coordinates to and from geodetic coordinates. This guidance is provided to aid the Army community in selecting datum shift algorithms, in developing, selecting, and maintaining software using these algorithms, and in implementing this software to support ... |
|
| Handbook for Transformation of Datums, Projections, Grids and Common Coordinate Systems |
JAN 96 |
166 pages |
| Authors:
Frederick Gloeckler; Richard Joy; Justin Simpson; Daniel Specht; James Ackeret; ARMY TOPOGRAPHIC ENGINEERING CENTER ALEXANDRIA VA
|
| This document provides Army organizations and agencies with general guidance on selecting the appropriate methods for shifting between local geodetic datums and the World Geodetic System (WGS), and for converting Cartesian and map projection coordinates to and from geodetic coordinates. This guidance is provided to aid the Army community in selecting datum shift algorithms, in developing, selecting, and maintaining software using these algorithms, and in implementing this software to support ... |
|
| Wavelet De-Noising of Hyperspectral Data |
1996 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
E. Simental; T. Evans; ARMY TOPOGRAPHIC ENGINEERING CENTER ALEXANDRIA VA
|
| This paper presents a method for noise removal from hyperspectral data using wavelets. Normally, data collected in the field will contain several types of noise. One type is the small amount of noise that is superimposed along the signal. This noise will not degrade the characteristic shape of the signal, but will add a small systematic disturbance to it. This noise is usually caused by the ... |
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| State-of-the-Art Terrain Analysis Capabilities for Today's Army |
1996 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
Linda H. Graff; ARMY TOPOGRAPHIC ENGINEERING CENTER ALEXANDRIA VA
|
| Army terrain teams are required to produce a wide range of tactical products to support combat operations. Computer based systems make it possible to rapidly produce tactical products that previously could only be produced manually. The use of advanced software and hardware also adds a whole new range of analysis products and functions to the terrain analyst's repertoire. By integrating geographic information systems (GIS), image ... |
|
| Matching Simulated Fracture Data with Field Measurements Using Joint Intensity |
1996 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Judy Ehlen; ARMY TOPOGRAPHIC ENGINEERING CENTER ALEXANDRIA VA
|
| Three-dimensional models of fracture patterns were generated using different measures of joint intensity (lambda), a measure of joint surface area per unit volume. The simulated data were compared to field measurements and the models were regenerated until the two matched as close as possible. Mean vertical joint spacing was used for the comparison. Because only a sample of trace lengths was measured in each outcrop, ... |
|
| GPS Tides: A Project to Determine Tidal Datums with the Global Positioning System |
AUG 95 |
111 pages |
| Authors:
Stephen R. DeLoach; ARMY TOPOGRAPHIC ENGINEERING CENTER ALEXANDRIA VA
|
| The recent development of On-The-Fly ambiguity resolution techniques with Global Positioning System (GPS) observations has created a powerful tool for the study of dynamic time series, such as tidal analysis or the study of water level heights. For this project a GPS receiver was successfully operated on board a Canadian Coast Guard navigation buoy. Ten days of data, at a one- second sampling interval, were collected at a station in ... |
|
| Luminescence of Some Airborne Plant Materials |
1995 |
16 pages |
| Authors:
Melvin B. Satterwhite; ARMY TOPOGRAPHIC ENGINEERING CENTER ALEXANDRIA VA
|
| The objective of this study was to describe the excitation-emission spectra of seed pubescence, pollen and spores, and senesced plant materials that could be carried in the air column. Reference samples were a mature green- colored corn leaf, green-, yellow- and brow-colored soybean leaves, cellulose, commercial grade cotton batting and a soil. Spectral luminescence signatures were collected over the 300 to 800 nanometer region using a ... |
|
| Construction Vehicle Navigation and Automation |
1995 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Jeffrey Walker; ARMY TOPOGRAPHIC ENGINEERING CENTER ALEXANDRIA VA
|
| The U.S. Army Topographic Engineering Center (TEC) and Caterpillar Inc. have cooperated in the joint research and development of a system to position, track, and maneuver construction and other equipment during their normal construction activities. The two main components of this research focus are the positioning system needed for navigation and the Computer Aided Drafting and Design (CADD) interface for automation. The positioning system is based ... |
|
| Spectral Reflectance Properties of Wetlands Plants |
AUG 94 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
John E. Anderson; ARMY TOPOGRAPHIC ENGINEERING CENTER ALEXANDRIA VA
|
| Wetlands occupy a unique position on the landscape. Being neither fully aquatic nor terrestrial, they are poorly understood from a standpoint of seasonal characterization and detection using spectral sensors. Wetlands ecotones and their associated plant communities offer a seasonally dynamic ecology which is governed primarily by fluctuations in local hydrologic regimes. Biogeochemical dynamics, caused by fluctuations in hydrology, work to manifest changes in plant physiology and provide a challenge for ... |
|
| PPS GPS: What Is It? And How Do I Get It? |
JUN 94 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
Thomas M. Cox Jr; ARMY TOPOGRAPHIC ENGINEERING CENTER ALEXANDRIA VA
|
| Navigation Satellite Timing and Ranging (NAVSTAR) Global Positioning System (GPS) provides two positioning services: The Standard Positioning Service (SPS) and the Precise Positioning Service (PPS). PPS receivers have the capability of removing the effects of Selective Availability (SA) and operating in an Antispoofing (A-S) environment. PPS receivers can obtain absolute, stand- alone, real-time positions accurate to approximately 10 meters, horizontally. In the past, PPS users wore green suits, and SPS ... |
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| Using Hybrid Knowledge Bases for Missile Siting Problems |
94 |
|
| Authors:
John Benton; V. S. Subrahmanian; ARMY TOPOGRAPHIC ENGINEERING CENTER ALEXANDRIA VA
|
 | Hybrid knowledge bases are a formalism for integrating multiple representations of knowledge and data. HKBs provide a uniform framework for integrating uncertain information (as is often the case in terrain reasoning), temporal information (needed for weather effects, etc), and numeric constraint solving capabilities (for situation assessment). We show how the HKB formalism may be applied to solve the problems of placing Patriot and Hawk missile batteries in a specified terrain ... |
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