| Urban-Small Building Complex Environment: W07US Stability Analysis, Volume AS-3 (Urban Versus Rural Diurnal Stability Cycles) |
Sep-2009 |
44 pages |
| Authors:
Gail Vaucher; ARMY RESEARCH LAB WHITE SANDS MISSILE RANGE NM
|
 | This report documents the urban diurnal stability cycle research, an outgrowth of the ongoing Urban Stability research begun with the WSMR 2003 Urban Study field project. The long term goal for this investigation is to develop an empirical Neutral Event Forecast Model for the urban environment. This quest stems from the success of a Neutral Event Forecast Model which was created for an operational high energy laser test facility located ... |
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| A Weather Routing Tool for Unmanned and Manned Aircraft Systems |
Jan 2009 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Terry C Jameson; David I Knapp; Ed Measure; ARMY RESEARCH LAB WHITE SANDS MISSILE RANGE NM
|
| A new Aviation Weather Routing Tool (AWRT) developed by the U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) addresses the complexity of routing aircraft around adverse weather conditions for a 4-D flight route. The AWRT applies rules-based and physics-based prediction methods to generate atmospheric impacts along the given flight path and for the required forecast period. A route optimization scheme is then used to determine the best alternate routing for aircraft missions if ... |
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| Meteorological/Sensor Optimization Urban Summary and Model Survey |
01-Sep-2008 |
26 pages |
| Authors:
Ron Cionco; Manuel D Bustillos; Gail T Vaucher; Robert O Brice; ARMY RESEARCH LAB WHITE SANDS MISSILE RANGE NM
|
| The purpose of the report is to introduce and outline a proposed resource that provides a survey of an Army-relevant review of models as well as an assessment of models for future U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) Urban Studies. The resource documentation establishes a number of models available from military and government agencies, colleagues, open literature, product reviews, technical reports, and Web sites. The resource provides a description of valuable ... |
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| Evaluation and Application of the Weather Research and Forecast Model |
DEC 2007 |
28 pages |
| Authors:
Jeffrey E. Passner; ARMY RESEARCH LAB WHITE SANDS MISSILE RANGE NM
|
| The Advanced Research version of the Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF-ARM) was studied by the U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) to determine how accurate and robust the model is under a variety of meteorological conditions, with an emphasis on fine resolution, short-range forecasts in complex terrain. This model study was done in support of the short-range Army tactical analysis/nowcasting system called the Weather Running Estimate-Nowcast (WRE-N) as well as ... |
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| A Preliminary Urban Illumination Model |
NOV 2007 |
28 pages |
| Authors:
Richard C. Shirkey; ARMY RESEARCH LAB WHITE SANDS MISSILE RANGE NM
|
| The Army increasingly relies on night operations to accomplish it objectives. These night operations frequently require using night vision goggles and other light-sensitive devices, which are strongly affected by ambient lighting, a large component of which is urban. A preliminary urban illumination model is presented for use in tactical decision aids and wargames, which would allow for more accurate prediction of target acquisition ranges and increased realism in simulations. This ... |
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| White Sands Missile Range 2007 Urban Study: Flow and Stability Around a Single Building Volume 1: Field Study Overview |
SEP 2007 |
46 pages |
| Authors:
Gail Vaucher; Manuel Bustillos; Robert Brice; Sean D'Arcy; Ron Cionco; Felicia Chamberlain; Joseph Trammel; Saba Luces; Richard Padilla; Jimmy Yarbrough; ARMY RESEARCH LAB WHITE SANDS MISSILE RANGE NM
|
| In this Field Study Overview, we (1) describe the foundational scientific and engineering aspects of the airflow and stability field study and (2) provide an administrative report on the field study execution with its associated research application drills The six mission objectives driving this project were derived from three general areas: urban atmosphere research, technology advancements and research applications The preliminary results section summarizes the objective successes. The technical report ... |
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| A Novel Method for Generating Non-Stationary Gaussian Processes for Use in Digital Radar Simulators |
MAR 2007 |
18 pages |
| Authors:
James A. Boehm; Patrick S. Debroux; ARMY RESEARCH LAB WHITE SANDS MISSILE RANGE NM
|
| This report presents a novel and simple way to determine the transient response of the output of any linear system, described in the s-domain by an nth order polynomial, subjected to white Gaussian noise. The transient response of the output of the linear system is observed, in this report, in the variance of the output as a function of time. In addition, the mean and probability density function of the ... |
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| White Sands Missile Range Urban Study: Flow and Stability Around a Single Building Part 1: Background and Overview |
JUL 2006 |
50 pages |
| Authors:
Gail Vaucher; ARMY RESEARCH LAB WHITE SANDS MISSILE RANGE NM
|
| The U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) serves the Army Soldier by providing research tools and resources. The atmospheric boundary layer (ABL), an area which begins at the surface and extends vertically to 1-2 km above ground level, is one of the ARL research areas. The lowest 10% of the ABL (a.k.a., surface layer) is the primary work environment for an Army Soldier. Characterizing this atmospheric surface layer was the focus ... |
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| U.S. Army Tactical Weather Support Requirements for Weather and Environmental Data Elements and Meteorological Forecasts |
FEB 2006 |
20 pages |
| Authors:
Richard J. Szymber; ARMY RESEARCH LAB WHITE SANDS MISSILE RANGE NM
|
| The U.S. Army has stated and validated their tactical weather support and data element requirements over the past 30 years. Over 80 weather and environmental data elements, along with their required accuracies, are required for Army tactical weather support. This report establishes the spatial (horizontal and vertical) and temporal resolutions for meteorological forecasts necessary to satisfy the validated accuracy requirements, based on Army echelons (levels of command). Similar information on ... |
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| Prototype of a Coupled Mesoscale-Microscale Modeling System |
JAN 2006 |
28 pages |
| Authors:
Saba A. Luces; Ronald M. Cionco; ARMY RESEARCH LAB WHITE SANDS MISSILE RANGE NM
|
| A prototype system of coupled mesoscale and microscale models was developed to produce and analysis that considered higher-resolution terrain. Research was initiated to integrate the microscale code with the mesoscale code to attain higher-resolution meteorological forecasts for target areas and other localized areas on the battlefield. A step-wise approach was employed to develop a modular prototype that would first show improved winds using high-resolution diagnostic models, but then be capable ... |
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| Electro-Optical Aerosol Phase Function Database PFNDAT2005 |
NOV 2005 |
58 pages |
| Authors:
Richard C. Shirkey; David H. Tofsted; ARMY RESEARCH LAB WHITE SANDS MISSILE RANGE NM
|
| The Phase Function Database (PFNDAT) 2005 consists of a series of wavelength dependent phase functions, single scattering albedos, extinction coefficients, and asymmetry parameters of ten naturally occurring and four manmade aerosols along with brief descriptions of the scattering parameters, concentrations, and aerosol size distribution characteristics. The naturally occurring aerosols consist of maritime, urban, rural, tropospheric, fog, rain, snow, and dust aerosols; a wind-lofted desert aerosol; and the Navy aerosol model. ... |
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| Rule-Based and Physics-Based Weather Effects and Impacts for AWARS |
23 JUN 2005 |
21 pages |
| Authors:
Richard Shirkey; Sean O'Brien; LeeLinda Parker; David Quintis; Steven R. Glasgow; Terry Gach; ARMY RESEARCH LAB WHITE SANDS MISSILE RANGE NM
|
| Presentation on rules-based and physics-based weather effects and impacts for AWARS. The objective of this presentation is to continue the current implementation of weather effects in the AWARS model using methodologies that improve the estimation of weather impacts in the target acquisition algorithms without increasing AWARS run time. |
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| Urban Warfare: Detailing Single Building Airflow, Turbulence and Stability Variation Characteristics |
23 JUN 2005 |
42 pages |
| Authors:
Gail-Tirrell Vaucher; Ronald Cionco; Manuel Bustillos; Sean D'Arcy; Robert Dumais; Robert Brice; ARMY RESEARCH LAB WHITE SANDS MISSILE RANGE NM
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| Presentation on Urban Warfare: Detailing single building airflow, turbulence and stability variation characteristics. |
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| A Case Study of the Persistence of Weather Forecast Model Errors |
JAN 2005 |
48 pages |
| Authors:
Barbara Sauter; ARMY RESEARCH LAB WHITE SANDS MISSILE RANGE NM
|
| Decision makers could frequently benefit from information about the amount of uncertainty associated with a specific weather forecast. Automated numerical weather prediction models provide deterministic weather forecast values with no estimate of the likely error. This case study examines the day- to-day persistence of forecast errors of basic surface weather parameters for four sites in northern Utah. Although exceptionally low or high forecast errors on one day are more likely ... |
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| High Resolution Results and Scalability of Numerical Modeling of Wind Flow at White Sands Missile Range |
DEC 2004 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Patrick A. Haines; David J. Grove; Wen-Yih Sun; Wu- Ron Hsu; ARMY RESEARCH LAB WHITE SANDS MISSILE RANGE NM
|
| The NTU/ Purdue nonhydrostatic numerical model has been developed over the last 6 years to predict atmospheric motions and conditions for both the mesoscale (200 m to 200 km) and large scale turbulence scale (20 m to 200 m). It is a fully explicit, compressible three-dimensional code and has compared quite to a wide variety of known analytical solution or observed situations including the Boulder Wind Storm, nonhydrostatic and hydrostatic ... |
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| Average Forecast Errors Using MM5 and WRF Over Complex Terrain: Utah, July/August 2003 and January/February 2004 |
OCT 2004 |
24 pages |
| Authors:
Barbara Sauter; Teizi Henmi; ARMY RESEARCH LAB WHITE SANDS MISSILE RANGE NM
|
| This report documents average weather forecast errors associated with two mesoscale models run over northern Utah during two months in the summer (2003) and two months in the winter (2004). The models used were the Pennsylvania State University/National Center for Atmospheric Research Mesoscale Model Version 5 (MM5) and the Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) model, version 1.3. The forecast values of surface temperature, dew-point temperature, wind speed, and wind direction ... |
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| Determination of Atmospheric Path Radiance: Sky-to-Ground Ratio for Wargamers |
SEP 2004 |
69 pages |
| Authors:
Sean G. O'Brien; Richard C. Shirkey; ARMY RESEARCH LAB WHITE SANDS MISSILE RANGE NM
|
| This document describes both the technical and user aspects of the sky-to-ground ratio program. The program computes sky-to-ground ratio, contrast transmission, transmission, path radiance, and zero-range-to-target background radiance for a user-specified observer (sensor) and target pair, situated on a slant path in the lower atmosphere for 19 different aerosols. Results are provided in hard-copy format and also in a computer-generated (tabular) file. The calculations are performed in one of three ... |
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| Statistical Studies of Mesoscale Forecast Models MM5 and WRF |
SEP 2004 |
40 pages |
| Authors:
Teizi Henmi; ARMY RESEARCH LAB WHITE SANDS MISSILE RANGE NM
|
| Two mesoscale weather forecasting models--the Mesoscale Model Version 5 (MM5) and the Weather Research and Forecast (WRF)--were statistically evaluated over two different geographical areas, Utah and western Texas. Using the 40-km Eta forecast data as input data, forecast calculations of both the models were carried out and the results were compared with surface observation data. Both models tended to overforecast temperature and dew-point temperature, although the correlation coefficients between forecast ... |
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| Employing Net Centric Technology for a Mobile Weather Intelligence Capability |
JUN 2004 |
22 pages |
| Authors:
David Sauter; Mario Torres; ARMY RESEARCH LAB WHITE SANDS MISSILE RANGE NM
|
| Weather affects personnel, military operations and weapon systems at all echelons, down to the individual soldier level. Knowing what these effects are, as well as when and where they will occur (and if they will affect the enemy to the same extent) can provide the tactical commander with critical intelligence in both the planning and execution phases of a mission. By leveraging ongoing advances in information technology related to tactical ... |
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| Effectiveness of Two Forecast Models for Stratiform Precipitation |
APR 2004 |
38 pages |
| Authors:
Jeffrey E. Passner; ARMY RESEARCH LAB WHITE SANDS MISSILE RANGE NM
|
| The U.S. Army Research Laboratory has developed a mesoscale weather model called the Battlescale Forecast Model (BFM). After model initialization, the BFM produces forecast variables for a 24-h period. Since the Army required a longer-term prediction, the Mesoscale Model Version 5 (MM5) gridded data are received from the U.S. Air Force Weather Agency to provide forecast information for up to a 48-h period. Due to the importance of precipitation on ... |
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| Model Execution and Evaluation Tool: Current Status and Initial MM5 Ensemble Member Analysis Results |
DEC 2003 |
38 pages |
| Authors:
Stephen F. Kirby; ARMY RESEARCH LAB WHITE SANDS MISSILE RANGE NM
|
| A web-based mesoscale model analysis tool built with Java Server Pages is under development. With this tool a user is able to 1) run either the MM5 or WRF mesoscale model in stand alone mode or as an ensemble on a Linux cluster; 2) generate error statistics for both the surface and upper air regions based on the model output and "truth" data derived from a mesonet (for the surface ... |
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| Post-Processing for the Battlescale Forecast Model and Mesoscale Model Version 5 |
JUN 2003 |
57 pages |
| Authors:
Jeffrey E. Passner; ARMY RESEARCH LAB WHITE SANDS MISSILE RANGE NM
|
| The Battlescale Forecast Model (BFM) produces many forecasting parameters including temperature, pressure, dewpoint, relative humidity, wind information, as well as precipitation amounts. While these output data provide valuable weather information Tactical Decision Aids such as the Integrated Weather Effects Decision Aids (IWEDA) have a need for additional parameters such as icing and turbulence. The IWEDA generates current and forecasted impacts on approximately 70 weapon systems, such as attack helicopters and ... |
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| Atmospheric Surface Layer Characterization: Preliminary Desert Lapse Rate Study 22-25 August 2000 |
MAY 2003 |
30 pages |
| Authors:
Doyle S. Elliott; Gail Vaucher; Jimmy Yarbrough; David Quintis; ARMY RESEARCH LAB WHITE SANDS MISSILE RANGE NM
|
| Results of the August 2000 Desert Lapse Rate (DLR) Experiment are presented. The DLR Experiment was performed to document the night-to-day transition effects on the desert Atmospheric Surface Layer (ASL). During the DLR Experiment, simultaneous 32 m and 2 m thermodynamic and wind data were gathered 2 hrs prior to, through 2 hrs after sunrise. Solar radiation data were also gathered over the Experimental Period. A GPS radiosonde was launched ... |
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| PILOT-81 VVA EXPERIMENT-Analysis of the Multi-Path Transmissometer- Radiometer Measurements |
APR 2003 |
55 pages |
| Authors:
R. A. Sutherland; J. E. Butterfield; ARMY RESEARCH LAB WHITE SANDS MISSILE RANGE NM
|
| This report presents results and finding from the PILOTS 1 Emissive Sources Verification Experiments carried out at the Survivability/Lethality Analysis Directorate (SLAD), U.S. Army Research Laboratory Tower site at the White Sands Missile Range during February 1999. The experiments involved (near) simultaneous measurements of direct transmittance and normalized path emission/ radiance sampled over three slightly diverging lines of sight through intervening obscurants comprised of either graphite flakes or brass powers ... |
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| Evaluation Study of Mesoscale Models MM5 and BFM Over the Model Domains of Utah Using Surface Meteorological Data by Mesowest |
MAR 2003 |
86 pages |
| Authors:
Teizi Henmi; ARMY RESEARCH LAB WHITE SANDS MISSILE RANGE NM
|
| The forecast skills of the Penn State/National Center for Atmospheric Research Mesoscale Model version 5 (MM5), and the Battlescale Forecast Model (BFM) were statistically evaluated by comparing the model forecasting data with surface observation data. The study was done for the periods of January-March 2002, and April-June 2002. The MM5 used quadruple-nests of 67.5, 7.5, and 2.5 km grid increments, all of which have 51x51 grid points centered near Salt ... |
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| Glossary and Catalog of MeT Data Representation |
FEB 2003 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
Edward Measure; ARMY RESEARCH LAB WHITE SANDS MISSILE RANGE NM
|
| The present short report is intended to catalog the major digital formats in wide use for representing meteorological data. Each data format discussed is briefly defined, and references are given to more detailed discussions of the format. The author intends to follow this report with another that discusses the most important formats used for satellite data in considerably greater detail. No claim is made that the list of formats given ... |
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| Short-Term Battlescale Forecast Model Performance Incorporating Utah Mesonet Stations |
FEB 2003 |
34 pages |
| Authors:
Barbara Sauter; Teizi Henmi; ARMY RESEARCH LAB WHITE SANDS MISSILE RANGE NM
|
| The U.S. Army requires accurate short-term weather forecasts in order to optimize the use of personnel and systems in mission execution in a wide variety of locations and conditions. This study investigates the performance of the Battlescale Forecast Model over an area of complex terrain by comparing results of model runs incorporating surface observations from Utah mesonet stations with equivalent model runs made without any surface data. |
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| Web-Based Mesoscale Model Execution and Evaluation Tool: A Prototype |
JAN 2003 |
19 pages |
| Authors:
Stephen F. Kirby; ARMY RESEARCH LAB WHITE SANDS MISSILE RANGE NM
|
| U.S. Army personnel are highly dependent on receiving the highest quality meteorological data possible, either for missions or for training. This data may be input to a tactical decision aid ((TDA) a software component intended to assist military personnel in formulating plans), the basis on which troop movements are made, a determining factor on how armaments are employed, etc. Thus, when the required data is derived from models, the models ... |
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| Mesoscale Model Data Preparation and Execution: A New Method Utilizing the Internet |
NOV 2002 |
36 pages |
| Authors:
Stephen F. Kirby; ARMY RESEARCH LAB WHITE SANDS MISSILE RANGE NM
|
| In order to streamline and simplify the methodologies required to obtain and process the requisite meteorological data for mesoscale meteorological models such as the Battlescale Forecast Model (BFM) and mesoscale model Version 5 (MM5), a new method utilizing the Internet and Perl/Common Gateway Interface has been developed. In order to execute a mesoscale model, one must first gather "large-scale initialization data", one example is the Naval Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction ... |
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| Models for Saturable and Reverse Saturable Absorption in Materials for Optical Limiting |
OCT 2002 |
29 pages |
| Authors:
Timothy Pritchett; ARMY RESEARCH LAB WHITE SANDS MISSILE RANGE NM
|
| The systems used to protect eyes and sensors from frequency-agile laser weapons must be capable, over a relatively broad range of frequencies, of absorbing, refracting, deflecting, or scattering laser radiation of high intensity, even while affording high transmission to light of low to moderate intensity. The design of such devices begins with an accurate characterization of the nonlinear optical response of the candidate active materials. In this work, the relevant ... |
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| Navigation Through Fog: A Mathematical Analysis of Folder Path Propagation |
SEP 2002 |
58 pages |
| Authors:
David H. Tofsted; ARMY RESEARCH LAB WHITE SANDS MISSILE RANGE NM
|
| The problem of navigation through fog was brought tragically to the fore during the summer of 1999 when John F. Kennedy Jr.'s plane crashed into the Atlantic off the coast of Martha's Vineyard. The key factor here was the inability to determine the vertical direction due to the lack of visual cues. Less catastrophic, but of more concern, are frequent delays caused by fog at America's major airports. It is ... |
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| Comparison between the WSCAFFIP Model and Measured Rotorcraft Sound Pressure Levels |
APR 2002 |
26 pages |
| Authors:
John Williams; ARMY RESEARCH LAB WHITE SANDS MISSILE RANGE NM
|
| Field acoustic measurements of a hovering rotorcraft were made and the attenuation of each of its harmonics was computed as a function of slant range. Windows Scanning Fast Field Program (WSCAFFIP), an acoustic propagation model, was run to compute theoretical attenuations for the conditions existing during the measurements. Comparisons were made between the measured and modeled attenuations. Generally, the measured values supported the model, with some discrepancies at higher harmonics ... |
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| Nowcasting Surface Meteorological Parameters Using Successive Correction Method |
JAN 2002 |
29 pages |
| Authors:
Teizi Henmi; ARMY RESEARCH LAB WHITE SANDS MISSILE RANGE NM
|
| The successive correction method was examined and evaluated statistically as a nowcasting method for surface meteorological parameters including temperature, dew point temperature, and horizontal wind vector components. The Battlescale Forecast Model (BFM) forecast fields of the surface meteorological parameters were used as background data. By this method, temperature and dew point temperature could be nowcasted well. The major reason for this is that the BFM forecasting calculation could provide good ... |
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| Weather Effects on Target Acquisition Part 1: Sensor Performance Model Infrared Algorithms |
JUL 2001 |
55 pages |
| Authors:
Richard C. Shirkey; Barbara J. Sauter; Rene V. Cormier; ARMY RESEARCH LAB WHITE SANDS MISSILE RANGE NM
|
| The U.S. Air Force, Navy, and Army are in the process of upgrading the Electro-Optical Tactical Decision Aid (EOTDA). The EOTDA has been used to predict the impact of weather and time of day on target acquisition. The upgraded program is called the Target Acquisition Weather Software (TAWS). New features of the TAWS will include: automated data access; upgraded path radiance routines; replacement of separate infrared (IR); television (TV) and ... |
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| A Proposed Software Design for Weather Effects on Artillery (WEA) |
APR 2001 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
Stephen Kirby; David Knapp; ARMY RESEARCH LAB WHITE SANDS MISSILE RANGE NM
|
| Work has begun on a software suite that will automate the extraction of weather impacts information on artillery. By combining the information provided by the Battlescale Forecast Model and the Atmospheric Sounding Program with a rule base of thresholds for artillery systems, the user will be able to see either a text display of the effectiveness of a given artillery system or a map overlay demarcating the degree of effectiveness ... |
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| Turbulence Simulation: Outer Scale Effects on the Refractive Index Spectrum |
NOV 2000 |
50 pages |
| Authors:
David H. Tofsted; ARMY RESEARCH LAB WHITE SANDS MISSILE RANGE NM
|
| An analysis of the commonly used refractive index power spectrum indicates that its method of simulating outer scale effects is deficient in two aspects: it approaches a nonzero value at zero frequency and is ambiguous regarding definition and usage of the outer scale in its functional form. To resolve these problems, a modified form of the refractive index spectrum is proposed which properly models the ... |
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| Leveraging Command and Control Technology to Provide Advanced Environmental Effects Decision Aids on the Battlefield |
OCT 2000 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
David Sauter; Mario Torres; Steve McGee; Richard Okrasinski; ARMY RESEARCH LAB WHITE SANDS MISSILE RANGE NM
|
| Computer and communication technology has been advancing within military command and control (C2) systems since the advent of the modern computer. These C2 systems have progressed noticeably from the first systems that were primarily stove pipe workstations that did not share information among the various battlefield functional areas (BFAs), much less among the services. Realizing this shortcoming and leveraging the advances in computer and communication technology, the 1990s saw a ... |
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| Evaluation Study of an Operational Mesoscale Forecast Model Over Three Climatologically Different Areas |
SEP 2000 |
57 pages |
| Authors:
Teizi Henmi; ARMY RESEARCH LAB WHITE SANDS MISSILE RANGE NM
|
| This report describes the evaluation study of the forecast skill of the Battlescale Forecast Model (BFM) over three-different regions with different terrain complexities and climates. The model computations are initialized with three different sets of initial conditions over Colorado, Washington, and Florida; forecast data are statistically compared with surface observation data. Statistical results of the BFM are compared to those of the Navy Operational Global Atmospheric ... |
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| Electro-Optical Measurements in Support of PAC-3 Sled Tests |
SEP 2000 |
|
| Authors:
Charles R. Cundiff; Brent L. Bean; ARMY RESEARCH LAB WHITE SANDS MISSILE RANGE NM
|
 | This report presents signature measurements of four high-velocity sled impacts performed during the 1997 PAC-3 trials held at Holloman Air Force Base Sled Track Facility. The events consisted of a high explosive warhead on 15 July and three simulated biological warheads on 30 July, 20 August, and 24 September 1997. The first two events were successful momentum couplings, while the last two events were considered failures ... |
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| Software for the Statistical Analysis and Display of Comparisons BetweenMeteorological Measuring Set Balloon Data, National Weather Service Balloon Data, and Battlescale Forecast Model Output |
JUL 2000 |
52 pages |
| Authors:
Stephen F. Kirby; ARMY RESEARCH LAB WHITE SANDS MISSILE RANGE NM
|
| A new method for the display and statistical analysis of several meteorological data types has been developed by the creation of new software in both FORTRAN and C and the use of existing FORTRAN modules as well as the CNUPLOT freeware display program. The impetus for this software development was the need for real-time on-site statistical analysis at a follow-on test of the Meteorological Measuring ... |
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| Vulnerability Risk Assessment |
JUN 2000 |
62 pages |
| Authors:
Gary L. Guzie; ARMY RESEARCH LAB WHITE SANDS MISSILE RANGE NM
|
| This report describes a methodology that provides a practical and simple process for applying classical risk analysis/assessment theory to the vulnerability analysis/assessment of military systems in particular and generally to any hazard analysis desired. It applies to both weapon effects and countermeasure effects equivalently as well as to operational environment effects (natural and man-made), for the first time providing system analysts with a common/unified ... |
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| Depth Perception Applied to Search and Target Acquisition |
MAR 2000 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Wendell R. Watkins; LeRoy Alaways; ARMY RESEARCH LAB WHITE SANDS MISSILE RANGE NM
|
| A search and target acquisition test was performed under an exchange scientist program with the TNO Human Factors Research Institute at Soesterberg, The Netherlands in September 1995. The test was performed at a military training base using several of the scientists from TNO wearing Dutch forest camouflage uniforms. Sets of wide baseline stereo photos were obtained for targeted and non-targeted scenes at two sites. The targeted and non-targeted scene photos ... |
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| The Integrated Weather Effects Decision Aid: A Common Software Tool to Assist in Command and Control Decision Making |
1999 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
David Sauter; Mario Torres; Jim Brandt; Steve McGee; ARMY RESEARCH LAB WHITE SANDS MISSILE RANGE NM
|
| Military operations and weapon systems are adversely affected to some extent by the environment, even those advertised as "all weather capable". However, presenting this information to the command and control decision maker has been somewhat nebulous, incomplete, and time consuming. As a result, the Army Research Laboratory has developed an automated software decision aid (the Integrated Weather Effects Decision Aid - IWEDA) to assist the commander in making intelligent command ... |
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| 924-MHz Wind Profiling Radar Acceptance Tests |
NOV 1998 |
123 pages |
| Authors:
Gail T. Vaucher; Edward Creegan; Jimmy Yarbrough; ARMY RESEARCH LAB WHITE SANDS MISSILE RANGE NM
|
| In March of 1998, the Artillery Branch of the Army Research Laboratory received a Reconstructed 924 MHz Wind Profiling Radar System. Over the subsequent months, several hardware tests were conducted to verify the successful functioning of the radar components and integrated system. In this technical publication, seven radar evaluation tests are documented. The first two radar evaluation tests, the Frequency Survey, and the Local Site and Internal Radar System Noise ... |
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| Battlescale Forecast Model (BFM) Target Area Wind Speed Validation Over WSMR, NM Initial Results |
OCT 1998 |
23 pages |
| Authors:
David I. Knapp; ARMY RESEARCH LAB WHITE SANDS MISSILE RANGE NM
|
| The Battlescale Forecast Model (BFM) was run on a 200 MHz Pentium PC using initialization and verification data collected during November and December 1974 at WSMR, NM. BFM target area artillery wind speed forecasts were verified at two locations on the northern pan of the range. For these cases, the BFM was initialized using data from up to seven southern range locations. Gridded BFM output at ... |
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| The Battlescale Forecast Model (BFM) During the TFXXI at Fort Irwin, CA:Statistical Evaluation of 24 h Forecast Fields and Model Improvement |
AUG 1998 |
57 pages |
| Authors:
Teizi Henmi; Robert E. Dumais; ARMY RESEARCH LAB WHITE SANDS MISSILE RANGE NM
|
| The U.S. Army's Battlescale Forecast Model (BFM) was operationally used for forecasting surface meteorological parameters during the Department of Defense (DOD) Task Force XXI exercise which was held at the National Training Center (NTC), Ft. Irwin, CA, in March 1991. The results of the BFM forecast calculstions were unsatisfactory, primarily due to the following physical and numerical shortcomings in the model operation: scarcity of input ... |
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| Description of the Battlescale Forecast Model |
MAY 1998 |
141 pages |
| Authors:
Teizi Henmi; Robert Dumais Jr; ARMY RESEARCH LAB WHITE SANDS MISSILE RANGE NM
|
| The Battlescale Forecast Model, which was developed at the U.S. Army Research Laboratory, is a major part of the U.S. Army Integrated Meteorological System Block II software. The Battlescale Forecast Model can be used operationally over any part of the world by using meteorological data obtained through the Automated Weather Distribution System. The Integrated Weather Effects Decision Aids utilize the Battlescale Forecast Model output file to calculate the values of ... |
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| STATBIC - A Method for Inclusion of Fractal Statistics in Obscurant Transport Models |
APR 1998 |
34 pages |
| Authors:
Sean G. O'Brien; Donald W. Hoock; ARMY RESEARCH LAB WHITE SANDS MISSILE RANGE NM
|
| A generic texture routine was developed for upgrading smooth obscurant cloud models by introduction of time and space dependent fluctuations in line of sight (LOS) propagation and image generation. The routine runs separately from or in conjunction with other obscuration models that predict electro-optical (EQ) propagation for mean or average aerosol concentration contributions in the obscurant cloud. Atmospheric turbulence and eddy structures are the underlying ... |
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| Three-Dimensional Radiative Transfer Modeling of Tropospheric Atmospheres |
MAR 98 |
126 pages |
| Authors:
David Tofsted; Sean O'Brien; ARMY RESEARCH LAB WHITE SANDS MISSILE RANGE NM
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| Physically accurate visualizations of tropospheric atmospheres require three-dimensional (3D) radiative transfer (RT) codes capable of simulating scattering and absorption effects in and around natural clouds. This report describes an adaptation of the discrete ordinates technique for handling both thin (haze) and thick (natural cloud) optical media in a consistent manner. Media are modeled via uniform density cubical scattering cells (assuming that incident diffuse streams have uniform radiance over each input ... |
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| Meteorological Data Processing Methods in the Computer-Assisted Artillery Meteorology System (Battlescale Forecast Model) |
JUL 97 |
57 pages |
| Authors:
Patrick A. Haines; Abel J. Blanco; S. A. Luces; J. B. Spalding; ARMY RESEARCH LAB WHITE SANDS MISSILE RANGE NM
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| The purpose of this report is to present basic information on the theoretical and practical meteorological (met) principles employed in the Computer-Assisted Artillery Meteorology (CAAM) system using the Battlescale Forecast Model (BFM). CAAM (BFM) was designed to assimilate several types of met inputs, process these data, and produce artillery met messages, all on the battlefield. Central to this system is the use of a mesoscale atmospheric prediction model (the BFM). ... |
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