| A Semiparametric Model for Hyperspectral Anomaly Detection |
Jan 2012 |
31 pages |
| Authors:
Dalton Rosario; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ADELPHI MD SENSORS AND ELECTRON DEVICES DIRECTORATE
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 | Using hyperspectral (HS) technology, this paper introduces an autonomous scene anomaly detection approach based on the asymptotic behavior of a semiparametric model under a multisample testing and minimum-order statistic scheme. Scene anomaly detection has a wide range of use in remote sensing applications, requiring no specific material signatures. Uniqueness of the approach includes the following: (i) only a small fraction of the HS cube is required to characterize the unknown ... |
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| Modeling, Fabrication, and Electrical Testing of Metal-Insulator-Metal Diode |
Dec 2011 |
26 pages |
| Authors:
Terrance O'Regan; Matthew Chin; Cheng Tan; Anthony Birdwell; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ADELPHI MD SENSORS AND ELECTRON DEVICES DIRECTORATE
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| We fabricated, tested, and modeled metal-insulator-metal (MIM) diodes for application into a nanorectenna energy-harvesting system. The MIM diodes were constructed of a niobium (Nb) bottom metal, niobium pentoxide (Nb2O5) dielectric, and varying top metals (copper, silver, and gold). Modeling and electrical testing were used to extract the dielectric constant of Nb2O5 as well as the metal-insulator barrier heights. The modeling also gave insight into the so-called rectification reversal, where the ... |
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| Progress In Materials Synthesis And Processing Of Barium Titanium Oxide (BaTiO3) and Barium Strontium Titanium Oxide (BaTiSrO3) Films For Uncooled Infrared (IR) Detector Applications |
Dec 2011 |
28 pages |
| Authors:
Wendy L Sarney; Kimberley A Olver; John W Little; Frank E Livingston; Krisztian Niesz; Daniel E Morse; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ADELPHI MD SENSORS AND ELECTRON DEVICES DIRECTORATE
|
| This report describes the highlights and summary of the year 2, quarter four (Y2Q4) progress for the 6.2 project Improved Sensitivity Low-Cost Uncooled IR Detector Focal-Plane Arrays. This work occurred during the January 2010 May 2010 time period. The program goals for Y2Q4 corresponded to the continued expansion of our barium titanium oxide (BaTiO3) nanomaterial synthesis capabilities and deposition methods; laser-induced pyroelectric phase conversion studies and nanoscale characterization of the ... |
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| Development of 6.1 A Materials for IR Applications |
Dec 2011 |
26 pages |
| Authors:
Gregory Brill; Yuanping Chen; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ADELPHI MD SENSORS AND ELECTRON DEVICES DIRECTORATE
|
| The development of mercury cadmium selenide (HgCdSe) material for infrared (IR) applications was initiated in fiscal year 2010 (FY10) at the U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) under a Director s Research Initiative (DRI) program. Material growth conditions using molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) were identified to achieve reasonably good material quality in terms of surface morphology, defect density, and crystallinity as measured by x-ray diffraction. Additionally, it was determined that the ... |
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| Synthesis, Elemental Analysis, and Metallographic Preparation of Lithium (Li)-Silicon (Si) Alloys |
Nov 2011 |
16 pages |
| Authors:
Joshua B Ratchford; Bruce A Poese; Cynthia L Lundgren; Jan L Allen; Jeff Wolfenstine; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ADELPHI MD SENSORS AND ELECTRON DEVICES DIRECTORATE
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| We report methods used to synthesize and prepare Li12Si7 and Li22Si5 for nanoindentation testing. The alloys were made by heating lithium granules with silicon powder. X-ray diffraction, inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, and optical microscopy confirmed that the alloys were single phase. Optical microscopy showed that the alloys were fully dense. |
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| Impact Seeded Fault Data of Helicopter Oil Cooler Fan Bearings |
Nov 2011 |
24 pages |
| Authors:
Canh Ly; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ADELPHI MD SENSORS AND ELECTRON DEVICES DIRECTORATE
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| This report documents the seeded fault data for oil cooler fan bearings from the Impact Technologies, LLC, as part of the Air Vehicle Diagnostic and Prognostic Improvement Program (AVDPIP). AVDPIP is a three-year collaborative agreement between Impact Technologies, LLC, the Georgia Institute of Technology, and the U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL). In this report, we outline a procedure to extract the data and present examples showing how to obtain a ... |
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| Development of an Indium Gallium Arsenide (InGaAs) Short Wave Infrared (SWIR) Line Scan Imaging System |
Sep 2011 |
50 pages |
| Authors:
David Y Chiu; Troy Alexander; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ADELPHI MD SENSORS AND ELECTRON DEVICES DIRECTORATE
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| This report describes the design, operation, and performance of a line scan imaging system using a one-dimensional (1-D) 256 indium gallium arsenide (InGaAs) photodiode linear array sensor that operates in the short wave infrared (SWIR) (0.8 1.7um) region. The system provides temporal profile images that show the outline, shape, size, height, and grey-shades of moving objects at a distance. These profile images allow low bandwidth and low power operation for ... |
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| Time Reversal Techniques for Atomic Waveguides |
Sep 2011 |
18 pages |
| Authors:
William M Golding; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ADELPHI MD SENSORS AND ELECTRON DEVICES DIRECTORATE
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| The modes of an atomic waveguide are analyzed using both the time reversal symmetry of the system and the Frobenius method of series solution to create a general, physically acceptable, solution of the radial differential equations. The general solution is used to obtain precise energies and wavefunctions by imposing various boundary conditions on the radial solution at some distance from the guide center. The use of the time reversal technique ... |
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| Method Optimization of Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) Thin Films for Biotronics |
Sep 2011 |
20 pages |
| Authors:
Thomas J Proctor; Amethist S Finch; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ADELPHI MD SENSORS AND ELECTRON DEVICES DIRECTORATE
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| In today s Army, there is a pressing need to improve the quality of the electronics used in the field. Some requirements include the fabrication of electronic devices that are cheaper, smaller, and lighter, all the while maintaining or even expanding their technical capabilities. An example of this research is the use of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) to create thin-film membranes that could be used in electronics. For example, these thin ... |
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| Design Considerations for Nonlinear Scattering |
Sep 2011 |
16 pages |
| Authors:
Christian Fazi; Frank Crowne; Marc Ressler; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ADELPHI MD SENSORS AND ELECTRON DEVICES DIRECTORATE
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| Renewed interest in harmonic and multitone radar has motivated design efforts based on the standard approach found in the radar literature, i.e., the classical radar equation. In this report, we show that such approaches can be problematic in determining the correct power budget requirements for detecting a nonlinear target, and that it is necessary to examine the differences of a linear versus nonlinear target cross-section. |
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| Catalytic Oxidative Dehydration of Butanol Isomers: 1-Butanol, 2-Butanol, and Isobutanol |
Sep 2011 |
34 pages |
| Authors:
Ivan C Lee; Jeffrey G St Clair; Adam S Gamson; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ADELPHI MD SENSORS AND ELECTRON DEVICES DIRECTORATE
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| The catalytic production of economically important four-carbon olefins was achieved through catalytic oxidative dehydration of 1-butanol, 2-butanol, and isobutanol using a millisecond contact time reactor. Both alumina foam and rhodium-alumina foam catalysts convert these four-carbon alcohols into four-carbon olefins, with contact time equal to 25 ms over a wide range of equivalence ratios (phi) from 0.176 to 6.338 (or C/O(air) ratio from 0.0659 to 2.11). The cracking of the carbon ... |
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| DNA Architectures for Templated Material Growth |
Sep 2011 |
14 pages |
| Authors:
Amethist S Finch; Christina M Jacob; James J Sumner; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ADELPHI MD SENSORS AND ELECTRON DEVICES DIRECTORATE
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| A methodology that allows for the coupling of biology and electronic materials is presented, where double stranded DNA serves as a template for electronic material growth. Self-assembled DNA structures allow for a variety of patterns to be achieved on the nanometer size scale. These DNA architectures allow for feature sizes that are difficult to achieve using conventional patterning techniques. Herein, the procedures for the creation of self-assembled DNA nanostructures in ... |
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| Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS)-Based Next Generation Commercially Available Substrate: Physical Characterization and Biological Application |
Sep 2011 |
16 pages |
| Authors:
Mikella E Hankus; Dimitra N Stratis-Cullum; Paul M Pellegrino; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ADELPHI MD SENSORS AND ELECTRON DEVICES DIRECTORATE
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| The development of a sensing platform capable of detecting and identifying hazards including biological, chemical, and energetic in nature is a long sought after goal of the Army and many other first responders. Surface enhanced Raman scatting (SERS) is one spectroscopic technique gaining popularity as a solution to many sensing needs due to its many advantages such as high sensitivity, little to no sample preparation required, and use in numerous ... |
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| Millimeter-wave Interferometric Sensing |
Sep 2011 |
20 pages |
| Authors:
Charles R Dietlein; Amir Zaghloul; David A Wikner; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ADELPHI MD SENSORS AND ELECTRON DEVICES DIRECTORATE
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| Millimeter-wave sensing systems designed for imaging almost always produce inferior images compared to their infrared and visible wavelength counterparts for a variety of fundamental reasons. These reasons include low detector/pixel count, poor signal-to-noise ratio, artifacts introduced by illumination, and issues arising from calibration or scanning schemes. This research effort is intended to address the issue of low-detector-count focal-plane arrays (FPA). Radio astronomers have dealt with this issue for many decades ... |
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| Chemical vs. Sonochemical Synthesis and Characterization of Silver, Gold, and Hybrid Nanoparticles |
Sep 2011 |
24 pages |
| Authors:
Vinay V Dandekar; Hailey E Cramer; Eric N Lee; Mark H Griep; Shashi P Karna; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ADELPHI MD SENSORS AND ELECTRON DEVICES DIRECTORATE
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| Silver (Ag), gold (Au), and alloy nanoparticles synthesized chemically and Au-Ag core-shell sonochemically produced nanoparticles were investigated for their potential applications in solar cells, biology, transistors, and light-emitting diodes (LEDs). The alloy or core-shell structure can be useful for creating new particles that have the properties of both the core material and the shell material. The Au, Ag, and Au-Ag nanoparticles were characterized optically and structurally by using ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) ... |
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| A Test Plan to Measure Metamaterial Performances |
Sep 2011 |
24 pages |
| Authors:
Youn M Lee; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ADELPHI MD SENSORS AND ELECTRON DEVICES DIRECTORATE
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| As part of a continuing effort to improve antenna performance using metamaterials, the U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) has conducted research using a rectangular-shaped capacitively coupled loop (CLL) and monopoles. Within the past few years, ARL has conducted research on three-dimensional (3-D) arrangements and random orientations of metamaterials. The rectangular-shaped metamaterials in 3-D arrangements were simulated using computer software, which showed pretty good results. Therefore, the CLL and monopoles in ... |
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| System Tests of Optimized (2nd Pass) Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) Integrated Circuit Radio Frequency (RF) Booster Designs for 425 MHz and Dual Band (425 and 900 MHz) |
Sep 2011 |
58 pages |
| Authors:
John E Penn; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ADELPHI MD SENSORS AND ELECTRON DEVICES DIRECTORATE
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| High-performance microwave and radio frequency integrated circuits are of interest to the Army. The radio frequency (RF) integrated circuit (RFIC) booster chip is intended to increase range between RF nodes for low-power wireless applications. The booster concept uses the excellent RF performance advantages of gallium arsenide (GaAs) and is easily inserted into systems based on commercial silicon (Si) RFIC transceivers to enhance their capabilities and improve size, weight, and power ... |
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| Full-wave Characterization of Rough Terrain Surface Effects for Forward-looking Radar Applications: A Scattering and Imaging Study from the Electromagnetic Perspective |
Sep 2011 |
48 pages |
| Authors:
DaHan Liao; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ADELPHI MD SENSORS AND ELECTRON DEVICES DIRECTORATE
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| The performance of ultra-wideband (UWB) radar systems suffers from reflections between frontend components caused by impedance mismatch. The Synchronous Impulse Reconstruction (SIRE) radar built by the U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) is no exception. While most of the radio frequency (RF) energy in each impulse is transmitted by the radar as desired, a portion of the RF energy reflects within the radar frontend. Undesired impulse echoes arrive back at the ... |
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| Observation of Real Time Magnetization Inversion-recovery Using the SPAM Geometry and the CERMIT Protocol |
Sep 2011 |
24 pages |
| Authors:
Dimitri A Alexson; Doran D Smith; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ADELPHI MD SENSORS AND ELECTRON DEVICES DIRECTORATE
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| We mechanically measure in real time the recovery of nuclear magnetization in an inversion-recovery experiment using a force gradient protocol by monitoring the frequency of a driven cantilever. The Ga69 polarization is initially inverted with a wide adiabatic rapid passage sweep lasting 20 ms. After inverting the polarization, we observe in real time the initial 50 mHz transient decay back to the base line as the polarization realigns along the ... |
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| Evaluation of Low Hazardous Air Pollutant Thermoset Adhesives for the Application of Rubber-to-Metal Bonding on Army Tank Pads and Road Wheels |
Sep 2011 |
50 pages |
| Authors:
Ryan D Robinson; Faye R Toulan; Christopher B Stabler; David Flanagan; Henry Feuer; Paul Touchet; John J La Scala; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ADELPHI MD SENSORS AND ELECTRON DEVICES DIRECTORATE
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| The Environmental Protection Agency is in the process of mandating Defense Land Systems and Miscellaneous Equipment and National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants that will affect Army surface coating operations. Bonding unvulcanized rubber to a metal substrate in the production and replacement of tank treads, track pad, track shoes, and road wheels uses thermoset adhesives and primers with a high hazardous air pollutant (HAP) content. This research focused on ... |
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| High Power Multimode Fiber Master Oscillator Power Amplifier (MOPA) with Stimulated Brillouin Scattering (SBS) Beam Cleanup and Phase Conjugation |
Sep 2011 |
20 pages |
| Authors:
John E McElhenny; Jeffrey O White; Steven D Rogers; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ADELPHI MD SENSORS AND ELECTRON DEVICES DIRECTORATE
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| This is a study, at the 102 W power level, of the feasibility of using stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) beam cleanup and wavefront reversal to obtain 105 W of single-mode output from a multi-mode fiber amplifier. These techniques allow power scaling by circumventing the problem of maintaining single-mode operation in a fiber with a large core. We have achieved 51-W peak power (34 W average) out of the beam cleanup ... |
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| Stimulated Brillouin Scattering Suppression in Fiber Amplifiers via Chirped Diode Lasers |
Sep 2011 |
18 pages |
| Authors:
Jeffrey O White; George Rakuljic; Carl E Mungan; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ADELPHI MD SENSORS AND ELECTRON DEVICES DIRECTORATE
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| We propose to simultaneously suppress stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) and enable coherent combination by seeding fiber amplifiers with a linearly-chirped diode laser. The seed spectrum will appear broadband to suppress the SBS, but the well-defined chirp will have sufficient coherence to allow the active phasing of multiple amplifiers. The phasing can be accomplished without strict optical path-length matching by interfering each amplifier's output with a reference, processing the resulting signal ... |
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| A Double-Well System Composed of Phonons in a Pair of Trapped Ions |
Sep 2011 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
Patricia J Lee; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ADELPHI MD SENSORS AND ELECTRON DEVICES DIRECTORATE
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| This report presents a theoretical framework using a double-well system to describe the transverse phonon coupling between a pair of trapped ions. The double-well system is a special case of the more generalized Bose-Hubbard Model, with exactly two sites available to store particles. Analogous double-well systems in solid-state junctions and in Bose-Einstein condensates have been used for interferometric sensing, as well as quantum information processing, and many exotic quantum phenomena ... |
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| Acoustic Change Detection Using Sources of Opportunity |
Sep 2011 |
18 pages |
| Authors:
Owen R Wolfe; Geoffrey H Goldman; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ADELPHI MD SENSORS AND ELECTRON DEVICES DIRECTORATE
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| There is interest in developing low-cost, low-power non-line-of-sight sensors for monitoring human activity. This report describes an algorithm that can detect a physical change in a building such as a door opening or closing. The algorithm is based on cross-correlating the acoustic signal measured from two microphones. Detection occurs when a statistically significant change in normalized cross-correlation is measured at different times. The algorithm was tested with an experiment that ... |
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| The Role of the Silicon Germanium (SiGe) Heterojunction Bipolar Transistor (HBT) in Mobile Technology Platforms |
Sep 2011 |
38 pages |
| Authors:
Gregory A Mitchell; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ADELPHI MD SENSORS AND ELECTRON DEVICES DIRECTORATE
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| Silicon germanium (SiGe) has emerged as an important semiconductor technology for mobile communications systems. Current research efforts are looking at ways of optimizing the tradeoffs of combining digital and analog circuits onto a single integrated circuit (IC) platform. SiGe technology provides the ability to reduce the form factor of software controlled radios in mobile communications platforms. As IC technology continues to shrink in size while increasing in performance, the optimization ... |
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| Low-cost Engineering of Laser Rods and Slabs with Liquid Phase Epitaxy |
Sep 2011 |
24 pages |
| Authors:
Jeffrey O White; Carl E Mungan; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ADELPHI MD SENSORS AND ELECTRON DEVICES DIRECTORATE
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| We investigated the use of a liquid phase epitaxial (LPE) coating to improve the performance of a rod or slab laser. A single crystal erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Er:YAG) rod coated with undoped YAG, and an uncoated sample were procured, then compared on the basis of threshold and slope efficiency measurements. The goal of the testing was to determine the minimum epitaxial thickness necessary to suppress the whispering gallery modes, ... |
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| Detecting Human Activity Using Acoustic, Seismic, Accelerometer, Video, and E-field Sensors |
Sep 2011 |
26 pages |
| Authors:
Sarah H Walker; Geoffrey H Goldman; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ADELPHI MD SENSORS AND ELECTRON DEVICES DIRECTORATE
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| Situational awareness plays a critical role in the decision-making process for today's Soldier. It is important for a Soldier to know from what direction an enemy is approaching. Obtaining and using information gathered from low-cost sensors like acoustic, seismic, e-field, imagery, accelerometers, and others can provide a means to monitor human-based activity. This report investigates the feasibility of using an array of low-cost sensors for determining the patterns and activities ... |
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| Cloning and Expressing Recombinant Protective Antigen Domains of B. anthracis |
Sep 2011 |
26 pages |
| Authors:
Deborah A Sarkes; Joshua M Kogot; Irene Val-Addo; Dimitra N Stratis-Cullum; Paul M Pellegrino; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ADELPHI MD SENSORS AND ELECTRON DEVICES DIRECTORATE
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| Protective antigen (PA) of Bacillus anthracis is a four-domain protein that is required for transport of edema factor (EF) and lethal factor (LF) into host cells during anthrax infection. Each of the four domains of PA plays a role in infection: host cell receptor binding, domain 4, PA heptamerization and host membrane insertion, domains 2 and 3, and EF and LF recognition and intracellular transport, domain 1. This report details ... |
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| Fluorescence Properties of Fe2+- and Co2+-doped Hosts of CdMnTe Compositions as Potential Mid-Infrared Laser Materials |
Sep 2011 |
22 pages |
| Authors:
Tigran Sanamyan; Sudhir Trivedi; Mark Dubinskii; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ADELPHI MD SENSORS AND ELECTRON DEVICES DIRECTORATE
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| Solid-state laser sources emitting in a mid-infrared (IR) spectral range are of significant practical interest due to the great variety of potential applications in the biomedical industry, remote sensing, pollution monitoring, molecular spectroscopy, residual gas tracing, and IR countermeasures. The need for mid-IR wavelengths directly obtainable from a diode-pumped solid-state gain medium stimulates searches for new laser materials with wide tunability. We report the results of spectroscopic investigation of Fe(2+)- ... |
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| Fabrication and Characterization of Blue Organic Light-emitting Diodes |
Sep 2011 |
22 pages |
| Authors:
Merric Srour; Richard Fu; Steven Blomquist; Jianmin Shi; Eric Forsythe; David Morton; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ADELPHI MD SENSORS AND ELECTRON DEVICES DIRECTORATE
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| Organic light-emitting diode (OLED) technology has demonstrated high efficiency and brightness, leading to a strong commercial interest. One remaining problem with the OLED technology is the efficiency and color saturation for blue light emitters. A series of experiments were developed to test the brightness and light disposition of organic films. The different combinations of N,N'-Bis- (1-naphthalenyl)-N,N'-bis-phenyl-(1,1'-biphenyl)-4,4'-diamine) (NPB), 1, 3, 5-Tri(1-phenyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)phenyl) (TPBI), and doping cesium carbonate (Cs2CO3) were investigated to determine ... |
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| Macro-magnetic Modeling of the ARL Microelectromechanical System (MEMS) Flux Concentrator |
Sep 2011 |
24 pages |
| Authors:
Gregory A Fischer; Alan S Edelstein; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ADELPHI MD SENSORS AND ELECTRON DEVICES DIRECTORATE
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| Magnetic flux concentrators are soft magnetic materials typically used to focus magnetic field lines in an effort to increase the sensitivity of a magnetic sensor. The use of magnetoresistive sensors, especially given the recent development of magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJ) with magnesium oxide (MgO) barriers exhibiting magnetoresistance values as large as 400%, has created interest in flux concentrators as an avenue to not only increase sensitivity but also mitigate the ... |
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| Photonic Delay-line Phase Noise Measurement System |
Sep 2011 |
44 pages |
| Authors:
Olukayode K Okusaga; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ADELPHI MD SENSORS AND ELECTRON DEVICES DIRECTORATE
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| Phase noise is the limiting factor in most state-of-the-art precision radio frequency (RF) oscillators. Measuring the phase noise of these oscillators is nontrivial because their phase noise levels are lower than those of even the best RF oscillators. In this work, I present an ultra-sensitive photonic delay-line measurement system capable of measuring the phase noise of the best RF oscillators available today. I begin with an analysis of phase noise ... |
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| Approaches to Health Monitoring of the CAT 7 Diesel Engine |
Sep 2011 |
34 pages |
| Authors:
Andrew J Bayba; David N Siegel; Kwok Tom; Canh Ly; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ADELPHI MD SENSORS AND ELECTRON DEVICES DIRECTORATE
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| This study consists of an evaluation of health assessment approaches for the CAT 7 diesel engine. The report presents the processing method and results from two potential approaches for monitoring ground vehicle engine health. This work is based on data acquired from seeded fault testing performed on the engine by the U.S. Army Tank and Automotive Research, Development and Engineering Center (TARDEC) from May August 2010. Correlation analysis and principal ... |
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| Host-dependence of Trivalent Erbium (Er3+) Spectra Relevant to Solid-state Lasers: Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (YAG) and Sesquioxides |
Sep 2011 |
38 pages |
| Authors:
Larry D Merkle; Nikolay Ter-Gabrielyan; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ADELPHI MD SENSORS AND ELECTRON DEVICES DIRECTORATE
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| The U.S. Army Research Laboratory is developing technologies for power-scalable solid-state lasers operating at cryogenic temperatures. We have particular interest in operation at wavelengths that present the least risk of ocular damage, resulting in considerable focus on trivalent erbium (Er3+). We have carried out extensive comparisons of the spectra of Er3+ in two particularly promising types of oxide crystals: yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) and various cubic sesquioxides. This report presents ... |
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| Population Enrichment and Isolation with Magnetic Sorting |
Sep 2011 |
22 pages |
| Authors:
Joshua M Kogot; Joseph M Pennington; Deborah A Sarkes; Dimitra N Stratis-Cullum; Paul M Pellegrino; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ADELPHI MD SENSORS AND ELECTRON DEVICES DIRECTORATE
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| Manual and semi-automated sorting methods (MACS) provide a high-throughput, less costly method for sample enrichment compared to fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS). Magnetic sorting methods use commercially available magnetic beads with many surface modifications available for customizable sorting methods. In this note, we outline the methods for magnetic cell sorting using manual and benchtop magnets (MACS), as well as a micromagnetic sorter (MMS) that uses diposable, microfluidic cartridges. Along with ... |
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| Compact Radar at Empire Challenge 2011 |
Sep 2011 |
14 pages |
| Authors:
John T Clark; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ADELPHI MD SENSORS AND ELECTRON DEVICES DIRECTORATE
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| An exercise requiring the surveillance of a littoral scene was executed in May 2011 at Camp Lejeune, NC. Many unattended ground sensors (UGS) were deployed. Among these UGSs was the Compact Radar, which provided real-time streaming of target track data. This report describes the events surrounding the Compact Radar s emplacement and the results of this exercise. |
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| Investigating a Drop-on-Demand Microdispenser for Standardized Sample Preparation |
Sep 2011 |
26 pages |
| Authors:
Ellen L Holthoff; Mikella E Hankus; Keeley Q Tober; Paul M Pellegrino; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ADELPHI MD SENSORS AND ELECTRON DEVICES DIRECTORATE
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| The existing collection of reference sample preparation methods presents a range of variability and reproducibility concerns, making it increasingly difficult to assess chemical detection technologies, especially in regard to techniques that are spatially dependent. To overcome these challenges, we are examining the optimization, characterization, and calibration of microdroplets from a drop-on-demand (DOD) microdispenser that is ideal for the preparation of energetic reference materials. Current research focuses on the development of ... |
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| Coulometric Study of Acetate Adsorption at a Polycrystalline Platinum Electrode |
Aug 2011 |
24 pages |
| Authors:
Sol Gilman; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ADELPHI MD SENSORS AND ELECTRON DEVICES DIRECTORATE
|
| The adsorption of acetic acid from a perchloric acid electrolyte blocks the adsorption of oxygen on a polycrystalline platinum electrode. Using a staircase of potential pulses, it is possible to follow the adsorption process from the moment of surface activation and under well-defined conditions of mass transport. Under those conditions, the initial rate of blockage adheres well to that anticipated by diffusion control with each mole of acid preventing the ... |
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| Materials Research of Perovskite Thin Films for Uncooled Infrared (IR) Detectors |
Jul 2011 |
34 pages |
| Authors:
Wendy L Sarney; Kimberley A Olver; John W Little; Frank E Livingston; Krisztian Niesz; Daniel E Morse; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ADELPHI MD SENSORS AND ELECTRON DEVICES DIRECTORATE
|
| This report describes the highlights and summary of the year two, quarters two and three progress for the 6.2 project Improved Sensitivity Low-Cost Uncooled IR Detector Focal-Plane Arrays. This work occurred during the August 2009 January 2010 time period. The program goals for year 2-quarters 2&3 corresponded to the continued expansion of our BaTiO3 nanomaterial synthesis capabilities and deposition methods, laser-induced pyroelectric phase conversion studies and nanoscale characterization of the ... |
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| Electrical and Optical Response Properties of MEH-PPV Semiconductor Polymer Schottky Diodes |
Jul 2011 |
14 pages |
| Authors:
Fred Semendy; Greg Meissner; Priyalal Wijewarnasuriya; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ADELPHI MD SENSORS AND ELECTRON DEVICES DIRECTORATE
|
| Diodes made with poly(2-methoxy-5(2 -ethyl)hexoxy-phenylenevinylene) (MEH-PPV) using indium tin oxide (ITO) as anode and aluminum (Al) as cathode have been fabricated and investigated for current-voltage (I-V) characteristics and optical responsivity. The diode exhibits non-ideal behavior with ideality factor of 0.85 eV. The I-V characteristics of the ITO/MEH-PPV/A1 diode without light and with different illumination intensities give an open circuit voltage (Voc) and a short circuit current of (Isc). This suggests ... |
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| Fusing Infrared and Visible Imageries for Improved Tracking of Moving Targets |
Jul 2011 |
40 pages |
| Authors:
Stephen R Schnelle; Alex L Chan; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ADELPHI MD SENSORS AND ELECTRON DEVICES DIRECTORATE
|
| Video surveillance is an important tool for force protection and law enforcement, and visible and infrared video cameras are the most common imaging sensors used for this purpose. In this report, we present a feasibility study on fusing concurrent visible and infrared imageries to improve the tracking performance of an existing video surveillance system. Image fusion was performed using 13 pixel-based image fusion algorithms, including four simple-combination methods and nine ... |
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| Coulometric Study of Ethanol Adsorption at a Polycrystalline Platinum Electrode |
Jul 2011 |
28 pages |
| Authors:
Sol Gilman; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ADELPHI MD SENSORS AND ELECTRON DEVICES DIRECTORATE
|
| For dilute solutions of ethanol in 1N solution of perchloric acid (HClO4), rates of adsorption and saturation surface coverages were determined by measuring the charge corresponding to blockage of hydrogen adsorption sites under well-controlled conditions of surface cleanliness/activity and mass transport. In a dilute solution of ethanol, oxidative adsorption rates maximize at 0.3 V, dropping off at more cathodic potentials due to competition with adsorbed hydrogen and dropping off at ... |
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| Optimal Placement of Heterogeneous Sensors in Target Tracking |
Jul 2011 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
Chun Yang; Lance Kaplan; Erik Blasch; Michael Bakich; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ADELPHI MD SENSORS AND ELECTRON DEVICES DIRECTORATE
|
| Target tracking performance is determined by the fidelity of target mobility model (F, Q), tracking sensor measurement quality (R), and sensor-to-target geometry (H). A tracking sensor manager has choices in sensor selection/placement (H), waveform design (R), and filter tuning (F and Q), thus affecting the tracking performance in many ways. This paper concerns with the geometry aspect of sensor placement so as to optimize the tracking performance. Recently, a considerable ... |
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| Ft. Hood iScout to Persistent Ground Surveillance System (PGSS) Cueing Demonstration |
JUN 2011 |
28 pages |
| Authors:
Thomas W. Walker; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ADELPHI MD SENSORS AND ELECTRON DEVICES DIRECTORATE
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| The 504th Battlefield Surveillance Brigade (BfSB) certification exercise (CERTEX) was held at Ft. Hood, TX, February 28 to March 11, 2011, in preparation for their deployment to theater. At the request of Don Nibblett and the Army G-2 office, the U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) was asked to conduct training classes for Soldiers using iScout sensors, as well as demonstrate the "slew to cue" capability of the Persistent Ground Surveillance ... |
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| Seeded Fault Bearing Experiments: Methodology and Data Acquisition |
JUN 2011 |
40 pages |
| Authors:
Andrew J. Bayba; Derwin Washington; Kwok Tom; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ADELPHI MD SENSORS AND ELECTRON DEVICES DIRECTORATE
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| As part of the U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) Prognostics and Diagnostics (P&D) Program, a series of experiments were performed to study defects in ball bearings. The P&D Program objective is to develop and implement algorithms that detect and classify faults in U.S. Army systems, providing information on the state of health and predictions of remaining life. Due to the substantial use of bearings in Army assets and the significant ... |
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| Carbon Nanotube Based Flexible Supercapacitors |
Apr 2011 |
22 pages |
| Authors:
Christopher M Anton; Matthew H Ervin; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ADELPHI MD SENSORS AND ELECTRON DEVICES DIRECTORATE
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| Electrochemical double layer capacitors are fabricated using carbon nanotube (CNT)/paper flexible electrodes. An extensive electrode fabrication study was conducted, resulting in single electrode specific capacitances in excess of 100 F/g. Surfactants and dispersants in the CNT suspension prior to CNT deposition onto paper substrates was found to be detrimental to electrode performance. Following electrode fabrication, three full cell packaged supercapacitor architectures were investigated. One architecture used a liquid KOH electrolyte, ... |
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| Low Cost, High Performance Avalanche Photodiodes for Enabling High Sensitivity Bio-fluorescence Detection (First Year of a Two-year Program) |
APR 2011 |
24 pages |
| Authors:
Anand V. Sampath; Michael Wraback; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ADELPHI MD SENSORS AND ELECTRON DEVICES DIRECTORATE
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| In this report we discuss the modeling, fabrication, and characterization of novel ultraviolet separate absorption and multiplication avalanche photodiodes (SAM-APDs) employing a gallium nitride (GaN) absorption region and a 4H-silicon carbide (SiC) multiplication region. We demonstrate the importance of polarization induced interface charge on the electric field distribution within the quantum efficiency of this device. In addition, we show that the total interface charge can be controlled for optimal detector ... |
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| Modeling the Growth of Aluminum Gallium Nitride ((Al)GaN) Films Grown on Aluminum Nitride (AlN) Substrates |
Mar 2011 |
26 pages |
| Authors:
Kenneth A Jones; Anthony J Ciani; Iskander Batyrev; Peter W Chung; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ADELPHI MD SENSORS AND ELECTRON DEVICES DIRECTORATE
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| The goal of this research was to determine if the evolution of dislocations in aluminum gallium nitride (AlGaN) films grown on aluminum nitride (AlN) substrates could be modeled with the goal of determining if there are conditions under which the films are grown so that most of the dislocations created by the mismatch are confined to regions away from the film surface where devices are fabricated. Through crystallographic modeling, we ... |
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| 40 GSps, 6-bit RF DAC Design Report |
Mar 2011 |
28 pages |
| Authors:
James E Wilson; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ADELPHI MD SENSORS AND ELECTRON DEVICES DIRECTORATE
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| This report details the design of a 40 GSps, 6-bit radio frequency (RF) digital-to-analog converter (DAC). The technology used is IBM 45 nm complementary metal oxide (CMOS) silicon-on-insulator (SOI). The architecture of the DAC is a novel approach of interleaving multiple subDACs in such a way that the nyquist images cancel each other out, allowing beyond Nyquist use of the subDACs. This technique is leveraged to build the 40 GSps ... |
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| Graphene-based Nanoelectronics |
Feb 2011 |
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| Authors:
Madan Dubey; James Wilson; Matthew Ervin; Frank Crowne; Barbara M Nichols; Matthew Chin; Stephen Kilpatrick; Robert Proie; Raju Nambaru; Marc Ulrich; Osama M Nayfeh; Tony Ivanov; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ADELPHI MD SENSORS AND ELECTRON DEVICES DIRECTORATE
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 | A large program in graphene-based nanoelectronics has been initiated at the U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) under the auspices of the ARL Director's Strategic Initiative (DSI). An array of capabilities for graphene growth, characterization, device fabrication, and device modeling has been established, and expertise has been gained in all facets of the research. Significant results have been achieved, including the world's highest reported fT for a graphene field-effect transistor (GFET) ... |
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