| Protection Against Chemical Agent-Induced, Seizure-Related Neuronal Cell Death |
17 AUG 2005 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Gerald P. Ballough; Margaret G. Filbert; ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INST OF CHEMICAL DEFENSE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
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 | Control of seizure activity is the most critical factor in development of brain damage following nerve agent poisoning. While seizure-related brain damage can be prevented by administration of an anticonvulsant drug, battlefield conditions may preclude prompt administration of the convulsant antidote for nerve agents (CANA). The currently fielded CANA is diazepam. Diazepam may not prevent or arrest seizures in all individuals. At the present time there is no capability for ... |
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| Development of Medical Countermeasures to Sulfur Mustard Vesication |
17 AUG 2005 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
William J. Smith; Michael C. Babin; Robyn C. Kiser; Robert P. Casillas; ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INST OF CHEMICAL DEFENSE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
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| Sulfur mustard (HD) is an alkylating agent with cytotoxic, mutagenic and vesicating properties. It use on the battlefield results in debilitating injuries to skin, eyes and the respiratory system (1, 2). To elucidate the toxic sequelae that follow cutaneous exposure to HD, the United States Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense (USAMRICD) has undertaken a broad-based research program encompassing both intramural and extramural research. This report summarizes our current ... |
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| Neuroprotection for Nerve Agent-Induced Brain Damage |
17 AUG 2005 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
Jonathan Newmark; Gerald P. Ballough; Margaret G. Filbert; ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INST OF CHEMICAL DEFENSE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
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| This presentation will explain the rationale behind the neuroprotection Science Plan which has been established at the US Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense as part of the medical chemical defense program. This program attempts to address a need that has not been specifically addressed before in any country, which is specifically to save vulnerable neurons that have been damaged due to seizures secondary to exposure to nerve agents. ... |
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| Midazolam: An Improved Anticonvulsant Treatment for Nerve Agent-Induced Seizures |
17 AUG 2005 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
John H. McDonough; ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INST OF CHEMICAL DEFENSE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
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| The drug midazolam has been recommended to replace diazepam as the immediate anticonvulsant treatment for nerve agent-induced seizures. This recommendation marks the latest decision in an ongoing program to improve medical countermeasures to treat nerve agent poisoning. Extensive rodent screening studies first identified midazolam as the most promising compound to focus on for advanced testing. Midazolam was then evaluated directly with diazepam for the ability to terminate nerve agent seizures ... |
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| Bioscavengers as a Pretreatment for Nerve Agent Exposure |
17 AUG 2005 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
David E. Lenz; ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INST OF CHEMICAL DEFENSE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
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| The use a bioscavenger has emerged as a new approach to reduce the in vivo toxicity of chemical warfare nerve agents. As an improvement of over current treatment, a biological scavenger should have no or minimal behavioral or physiological side effects, should provide protection up to a 5 LD50 exposure and should be devoid of any behavioral or physiological side effects. Studies with equine or human butyrylcholinesterase or fetal bovine ... |
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| Toxicity and Treatment of Russian V-Agent (VR) Intoxication in Guinea Pigs |
JAN 2002 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Irwin Koplovitz; Michael Shutz; Susan Schulz; Roy Railer; ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INST OF CHEMICAL DEFENSE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
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| VR (O-isobutyl-S-2-(DIETHYLAMINO)ETHYLmethyl phosphonothioate) is a structural isomer of VX and is thought to be the principal V-agent found in Russian chemical weapons. We evaluated the toxicity (24 hr LD50) of VR and determined the effectiveness of oxime and atropine (ATR) treatment and pyridostigmine (PB) pretreatment in guinea pigs. Lethality dose-response curves for VR were generated in untreated animals and in animals treated with atropine (ATR) and oxime with or without ... |
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| Research for the Warfighter |
JAN 2002 |
18 pages |
| Authors:
ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INST OF CHEMICAL DEFENSE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
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| This document reports on defining four research priorities: a) Simplify the approach to nerve agent medical protection by scavenging enzymes; b) Develop a specific countermeasure to HD; c) Develop an advanced or active topical skin protectant; and d) In the short term, build a better mousetrap to anticonvulsants. |
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| Acute versus Subchronic Pyridostigmine Administration: Effects on the Anticholinergic Properties of Atropine |
13 MAY 1993 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Candace B. Matthew; John F. Glenn; Wilbert D. Bowers Jr; ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INST OF CHEMICAL DEFENSE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
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| Acute, subchronic and chronic exposures to cholinergic compounds may result in differing effects. The efficacy of pyridostigmine bromide (PY) prophylaxis against organophosphorus poisoning depends on post exposure atropine (AT) administration. AT induces a dose-dependent increase in rate of rise of core temperature in heat exposed humans and rats. To determine whether AT's anticholinergic potency is altered following PY administration, we examined AT's effects following acute or subchronic (2 weeks) PY ... |
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| Cytotoxic Action of Palytoxin in Cultured Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells |
13 MAY 1993 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
R. E. Sheridan; B. F. Doxzon; S. S. Deshpande; ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INST OF CHEMICAL DEFENSE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
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| Palytoxin (PaTX) produced by coelenterate species (genus Palythoa) is a potent marine toxin which induces intense vasoconstriction and hemorrhage which contribute to lethality. The A7r5 clonal cell line, derived from fetal rat aorta, was used to study the mechanism of PaTX toxicity. A7r5 cells exposed to nM concentrations of PaTX for 15 min at room temperature followed by wash and incubation in culture medium at 37 dec C (> or ... |
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