| Landmine Detection by Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance (NQR) |
DEC 2004 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
Robert M. Deas; Constantino Cervantes; Stephen F. Schaedel; ARMY COMMUNICATIONS-ELECTRONICS COMMANDFORT BELVOIR VA NIGHT VISION AND ELECTRONICS SENSORS DIRECTORATE
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 | Landmines continue to threaten U.S. and allied forces. Conventional mine detection sensors. such as ground penetrating radar (GPR), can give many false alarms due to natural and manmade objects in the ground having mine-like characteristics to these sensors. This can result in a slow advance rate as the forces must deal with these false alarms. Nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) technology is being developed by the U.S. Army for application to ... |
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| HgCdTe Heteroepitaxy on Si Substrates for Low-Cost, Large Format, Dual- Band Infrared Focal Plane Arrays |
DEC 2004 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
L. A. Almeida; M. Groenert; J. Molstad; J. K. Markunas; J. H. Dinan; M. Carmody; D. Edwall; J. G. Pasko; J. Arias; ARMY COMMUNICATIONS-ELECTRONICS COMMANDFORT BELVOIR VA NIGHT VISION AND ELECTRONICS SENSORS DIRECTORATE
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| Recent advancements in HgCdTe heteroepitaxy on silicon substrates are described. The aim of these efforts is the extension of the spectral response of HgCdTe-on-Si-based devices into the long wavelength infrared region. The achievement of this aim will enable low-cost, third generation infrared focal plane arrays. |
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| FDTD Seismic Simulation of Moving Tracked Vehicle |
SEP 2000 |
19 pages |
| Authors:
Stephen A. Ketcharn; Mark L. Moran; Roy J. Greenfield; ARMY COMMUNICATIONS-ELECTRONICS COMMANDFORT BELVOIR VA NIGHT VISION AND ELECTRONICS SENSORS DIRECTORATE
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| This paper describes the utility of a large finite-difference time domain (FDTD) simulation of seismic wave propagation from a spatially and time varying source that generically represents a moving tracked vehicle. The focus is the computational approach and requirements for the long- duration simulation, the geologic model, the moving vehicle force algorithm, the resulting particle velocity wave fields, and example applications of the data. The 8th order FDTD simulation consisted ... |
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| Applying the Law of Comparative Judement to Target Signature Evaluation |
MAR 2000 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
James R. McManamey; ARMY COMMUNICATIONS-ELECTRONICS COMMANDFORT BELVOIR VA NIGHT VISION AND ELECTRONICS SENSORS DIRECTORATE
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| The Law of Comparative Judgement (LCJ) is a psychophysical tool that can be used to scale complex phenomena that lack easily identified physical parameters. Target signatures represent such phenomena. In a demonstration exercise, a search difficulty" value was found using the LCJ. These LCJ scale values were compared to search times and probabilities of detection from a search experiment run in the Netherlands. The scale values were not linearly related ... |
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| Image Based Contrast-To-Clutter Modeling of Detection |
MAR 2000 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
David L. Wilson; ARMY COMMUNICATIONS-ELECTRONICS COMMANDFORT BELVOIR VA NIGHT VISION AND ELECTRONICS SENSORS DIRECTORATE
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| Using image-based metrics, contrast-to-clutter modeling is applied to the Search-2 visible image set and perception experiment data. To calculate the contrast metric, a new image is generated from the original image by replacing the target with an "expected background" using the local background surrounding the target and the natural horizontal correlation present in most surface-to-surface scenes. The contrast metric is obtained from the difference of this new image and the ... |
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| MICRO-LASER RANGE FINDER DEVELOPMENT: USING THE MONOLITHIC APPROACH, |
JUN 1999 |
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| Authors:
JOHN NETTLETON; DALLAS BARR; BRAD SCHILLING; JONATHAN LEI; SAMUEL M. GOLDWASSER; ARMY COMMUNICATIONS-ELECTRONICS COMMANDFORT BELVOIR VA NIGHT VISION AND ELECTRONICS SENSORS DIRECTORATE
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 | (U) THIS PAPER ADDRESSES LASER RANGE FINDER ISSUES SUCH AS BULK, WEIGHT, MOUNTING DIFFICULTY, EYE SAFETY, AND EXPENSE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF A MICRO LASER RANGE FINDER FOR THE SOLDIER, WITH HIS SPECIAL NEEDS A TOP PRIORITY. THE MICRO LRF SPECIFICATIONS FOR SYSTEM PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS REQUIRES A WEIGHT WITH BATTERIES TO BE LESS THAN 1.25 POUNDS, A VOLUME OF LESS THAN 1.75X1.5X4 IN., A SIMPLIFIED MODE SELECT OPERATION,AND THE PROVISION ... |
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| EFFECTS OF MEASUREMENT GEOMETRY ON SPECTRAL REFLECTANCE AND COLOR, |
MAY 1999 |
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| Authors:
AUSTIN YINGST; ARMY COMMUNICATIONS-ELECTRONICS COMMANDFORT BELVOIR VA NIGHT VISION AND ELECTRONICS SENSORS DIRECTORATE
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| (U) THIS PAPER REPORTS RESULTS OF MEASUREMENTS OF CANDIDATE MATERIALS FOR CALIBRATION OF OUTDOOR COLOR IMAGERY USING INTEGRATING SPHERE AND 46/0 DEGREE GEOMETRY. THE DIFFERING RESULTS ARE DISCUSSED USING CIELAB LINEAR COLOR SPACE IN TERMS OF THE MEASUREMENT GEOMETRY AND SPECULARITY OF THE MATERIAL. IMPLICATIONS FOR CALIBRATION OF OUTDOOR PHOTOGRAPHY ARE DISCUSSED WITH AN EXAMPLE. |
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| AIDED/AUTOMATIC TARGET DETECTION USING REFLECTIVE HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGERY FOR AIRBORNE APPLICATIONS, |
MAY 1999 |
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| Authors:
HANNA T. HASKETT; ARUN K. SOOD; ARMY COMMUNICATIONS-ELECTRONICS COMMANDFORT BELVOIR VA NIGHT VISION AND ELECTRONICS SENSORS DIRECTORATE
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| (U) THIS PAPER PRESENTS AN ALGORITHM TO SUPPORT AIRBORNE, REAL TIME AUTOMATIC TARGET DETECTION USING COMBINED EO/IR SPATIAL AND SPECTRAL DISCRIMINANTS FOR REMOTE SENSING SURVEILLANCE AND RECONNAISSANCE APPLICATIONS. THE ALGORITHM ACCOMODATES HIGH THROUGHPUT, REAL TIME, SUB PIXEL, HYPERSPECTRAL TARGET DETECTION USED TO SUPPORT MAN-IN-THE-LOOP OR AUTOMATIC DETECTION. THE ALGORITHM SELECTS THE ADAPTIVE ENDMEMBER SIGNATURES IN REAL TIME REGARDLESS OF TARGET, BACKGROUND, AND SYSTEM RELATED EFFECTS SUCH AS ATMOSPHERIC CONDITIONS, CALIBRATION,OR ... |
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| SENSOR GRAND CHALLENGES: AN NVESD PERSPECTIVE, |
MAY 1999 |
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| Authors:
JAMES D. HOWE; ARMY COMMUNICATIONS-ELECTRONICS COMMANDFORT BELVOIR VA NIGHT VISION AND ELECTRONICS SENSORS DIRECTORATE
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| (U) THIS PAPER IS COMPOSED OF THE SLIDES USED BY THE AUTHOR IN HIS PRESENTATION AND ENUMERATES IN SOME DETAIL IN PICTORIAL FORM THE 10 CHALLENGES RECENTLY IDENTIFIED FOR FUTURE SENSOR DEVELOPMENT. THE FIRST IS: SEE BEFORE BEING SEEN. CHALLENGE 2: DECREASE TARGET ACQUISITION TIMES. CHALLENGE 3: PROVIDE SUPERIOR CAPABILITY TO THE SOLDIER AT REDUCED COST/WEIGHT/POWER. CHALLENGE 4: DETECTION OF PARTIALLY OBSCURED AND LOW OBSERVABLE TARGETS. CHALLENGE 5: INCREASE ALL-WEATHER ... |
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| NVTHERM: NEXT GENERATION NIGHT VISION THERMAL MODEL, |
MAY 1999 |
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| Authors:
RICHARD VOLLMERHAUSEN; RONALD G. DRIGGERS; ARMY COMMUNICATIONS-ELECTRONICS COMMANDFORT BELVOIR VA NIGHT VISION AND ELECTRONICS SENSORS DIRECTORATE
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| (U) THIS PAPER DISCUSSES A MODEL, NVTHERM, THAT PREDICTS THE MINIMUM RESOLVABLE TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE (MRTD OR MRT) OF THERMAL IMAGERS AND IS INTENDED TO BE USED TP PREDICT THE PERFORMANCE OF STARING AND SCANNING SENSORS. NVTHERM GENERATES A 2-DIMENSIONAL MRT WHICH IS USED WITH THE ACQUIRE MODEL TO PREDICT PROBABILITY OF TARGET DETECTION, RECOGNITION, AND IDENTIFICATION VERSUS RANGE. NVTHERM REPLACES THE FLIR92 THERMAL MODEL WHICH PROVIDES PERFORMANCE PREDICTION FOR 1ST ... |
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| DRIVER PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT TO SUPPORT THERMAL SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT, |
MAY 1999 |
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| Authors:
DINO PICCIONE; DON FERRETT; ARMY COMMUNICATIONS-ELECTRONICS COMMANDFORT BELVOIR VA NIGHT VISION AND ELECTRONICS SENSORS DIRECTORATE
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| (U) THIS PAPER DESCRIBES A MULTI PHASED PROGRAM TO PROVIDE DRIVER PERFORMANCE DATA. THE PROGRAM INVOLVES SEVERAL COMPLETED AND ONGOING EFFORTS INCLUDING: THE RELATIVE MERITS OF THE DRIVER'S VISION ENHANCER (DVE) AND NIGHT VISION GOGGLES (NVG); DRIVERS' ABILITY TO DETECT THE PRESENCE OF DROPOFFS WHEN USING THE DVE AND NVG;THE ANALYSIS OF DRIVERS' VISION USING AN EYE TRACKER; AND THE EFFECT ON PERFORMANCE OF VARIOUS LEVELS OF PIXEL NONUNIFORMITY AND ... |
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| Sensor Grand Challenges: An NVESD Perspective |
23 FEB 1999 |
21 pages |
| Authors:
James D. Howe; ARMY COMMUNICATIONS-ELECTRONICS COMMANDFORT BELVOIR VA NIGHT VISION AND ELECTRONICS SENSORS DIRECTORATE
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| This report presents challenges for future sensor development from the perspective of the Night Vision and Electronics Sensor Directorate. |
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| Micro-Laser Range Finder Development: Using the Monolithic Approach |
FEB 1999 |
16 pages |
| Authors:
Jophn Nettleton; Dallas Barr; Brad Schilling; Jonathan Lei; Samuel M. Goldwasser; ARMY COMMUNICATIONS-ELECTRONICS COMMANDFORT BELVOIR VA NIGHT VISION AND ELECTRONICS SENSORS DIRECTORATE
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| Laser range finders are a vital component of high precision targeting engagements. The precise and accurate range-to-target information is an essential variable in the fire control solution of today's sophisticated weapons. This range information is readily provided by the laser range finder, however, current fielded laser range finders are bulky, heavy, difficult to mount onto weapons, eye hazards and very expensive. The US Army CECOM kDEC NVESD is addressing these ... |
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| Aided/Automatic Target Detection Using Reflective Hyperspectral Imagery for Airborne Applications |
DEC 1998 |
19 pages |
| Authors:
Hanna T. Haskett; Arun K. Sood; ARMY COMMUNICATIONS-ELECTRONICS COMMANDFORT BELVOIR VA NIGHT VISION AND ELECTRONICS SENSORS DIRECTORATE
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| This paper presents an algorithm to support airborne, real-time automatic target detection using combined EO/IR spatial and spectral discriminants for remote sensing surveillance and reconnaissance applications. The algorithm presented in this paper is sufficiently robust and optimized to accommodate high throughput, real-time, sub-pixel, hyperspectral target detection, and can also be used to support man-in-the loop or automatic target detection. The essence of this algorithm is the ability to select the ... |
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| SENSOR LINK PROTOCOL: A COMMON DIGITAL INFORMATION LINK FOR SENSOR SYSTEMS, |
OCT 1998 |
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| Authors:
BILL PETERS; James Meehan; DENNIS MILLER; DOUG MOORE; ARMY COMMUNICATIONS-ELECTRONICS COMMANDFORT BELVOIR VA NIGHT VISION AND ELECTRONICS SENSORS DIRECTORATE
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| (U) THIS PAPER DESCRIBES A SENSOR LINK PROTOCOL WHICH PERMITS A PLUG-AND-PLAY LIKE INTEGRATION OF A DIVERSE SET OF SENSORS CURRENTLY OR SOON TO BE IN PRODUCTION. THE SENSOR LINK PROTOCOL IS AN RS 485/232 BASED NETWORKING PROTOCOL WHICH ALLOWS A VARIETY OF SENSOR SYSTEMS TO BE CONNECTED TO A DIVERSE SET OF COMPUTER PLATFORMS. THE PROTOCOL THEN PROVIDES AN INTERFACE THROUGH WHICH DIGITAL INFORMATION CAN BE PASSED THROUGH THE ... |
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| Infrared-Transmitting Fibers |
AUG 1998 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
I. D. Aggarwal; L. E. Busse; J. S. Sanghera; ARMY COMMUNICATIONS-ELECTRONICS COMMANDFORT BELVOIR VA NIGHT VISION AND ELECTRONICS SENSORS DIRECTORATE
|
| Chalcogenide glass fibers have been fabricated with minimum optical loss of 0.23 dB/m in the 1 - 6 mm region. NRL reports on results of applications of these fibers including IRCM and chemical sensing. For IRCM, they have demonstrated high power transmission through selected fibers using an Optical Parametric Oscillator with output in the 3 - 5 mm wavelength region. The maximum peak power used was 26.9 kW and the ... |
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| MODELING THE TARGET ACQUISITION PERFORMANCE OF STARING ARRAY IMAGERS, |
JUL 1998 |
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| Authors:
RICHARD VOLLMERHAUSEN; RONALD DRIGGERS; ARMY COMMUNICATIONS-ELECTRONICS COMMANDFORT BELVOIR VA NIGHT VISION AND ELECTRONICS SENSORS DIRECTORATE
|
| (U) THIS PAPER DESCRIBES CURRENT EFFORTS AT NVESD TO QUANTIFY THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE SAMPLING ARTIFACTS GENERATED BY A SAMPLED IMAGER AND TARGET ACQUISITION PERFORMANCE USING THAT SENSOR. THE PURPOSE OF THE RELATED INVESTIGATION IS TO PROVIDE A MODIFICATION TO THE CURRENT LINEAR SYSTEMS SENSOR PERFORMANCE MODELS TO ACCOUNT FOR THE ARTIFACTS CAUSED BY UNDER SAMPLING. THE PAPER DESCRIBES THE BACKGROUND OF STARING SENSOR ARRAY MODELING INCLUDING THE HISTORY OF ... |
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| MINEFIELD DATABASING AND VERIFICATION IN THE US SECTOR OF BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA, |
MAY 1998 |
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| Authors:
Thomas T. Steck; FRED CLODFELTER; RONALD R. RUPP; GEORGE B. MAKSYMONKO; SON T. NGUYEN; ARMY COMMUNICATIONS-ELECTRONICS COMMANDFORT BELVOIR VA NIGHT VISION AND ELECTRONICS SENSORS DIRECTORATE
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| (U) THIS PAPER IS A NON-TECHNICAL DISCUSSION OF THE ORGANIZATION OF INFORMATION IN THE FORM OF MAPS AND TABLES ATTEMPTING TO LOCATE THE NUMEROUS MINEFIELDS ASSOCIATED WITH THE WAR IN BOSNIA. |
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| Sensor Link Protocol: A Common Digital Information Link for Sensor Systems |
31 MAR 1998 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
Bill Peters; James Meehan; Dennis Miller; Doug Moore; ARMY COMMUNICATIONS-ELECTRONICS COMMANDFORT BELVOIR VA NIGHT VISION AND ELECTRONICS SENSORS DIRECTORATE
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| The Program Management Office of Night Vision/Reconnaissance Surveillance and Target Acquisition (NV/RSTA) has developed the Sensor Link Protocol which permits a plug n play like integration of a diverse set of sensors currently or soon to be in production. The Sensor Link Protocol is an RS 485/232 based networking protocol, which allows a variety of sensor systems to be connected to a diverse set of computer platforms. The protocol then ... |
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| Modeling the Target Acquisition Performance of Staring Array Imagers |
MAR 1998 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
Richard Vollmerhausen; Ronald Driggers; ARMY COMMUNICATIONS-ELECTRONICS COMMANDFORT BELVOIR VA NIGHT VISION AND ELECTRONICS SENSORS DIRECTORATE
|
| The sampling limitations associated with staring array imagers cause an aliased signal that corrupts the image. The aliased signal is a function of pre-sample blur, sampling frequency, and post-blur or image reconstruction. Papers in the literature have quantified aliasing and sample artifacts. However, the affect of these artifacts on target acquisition has not been quantified. That is, the relationship between the amount of aliasing or such display artifacts as visible ... |
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| AN ADAPTIVE REAL-TIME ENDMEMBER SELECTION ALGORITHM FOR SUB-PIXEL TARGET DETECTION USING HYPERSPECTRAL DATA, |
FEB 1998 |
|
| Authors:
HANNA T. HASKETT; ARUN K. SOOD; ARMY COMMUNICATIONS-ELECTRONICS COMMANDFORT BELVOIR VA NIGHT VISION AND ELECTRONICS SENSORS DIRECTORATE
|
| (U) THIS PAPER FOCUSES ON THE DESCRIPTION OF A METHOD DEVELOPED FOR SELECTING ADAPTIVE ENDMEMBERS IN REAL TIME HYPERSPECTRAL REMOTE SURVEILLANCE AND RECONNAISSANCE APPLICATIONS, REGARDLESS OF TARGETS AND CLUTTER BACKGROUND SPECTRAL SIGNATURES AND PROPERTIES. THE VECTOR ANGLE OF INTERSECTION OF SPECTRAL DIFFERENCE INFORMATION IS OBTAINED FROM TWO VECTORS THAT REPRESENT THE TEST PIXEL SPECTRAL SIGNATURE AND THE PREVIOUSLY STORED ENDMEMBER BY THE FOLLOWING: FIND THE MAXIMUM OF A SIMPLE EUCLIDEAN ... |
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| Effects of Measurement Geometry on Spectral Reflectance and Color |
JAN 1998 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Austin Yingst; ARMY COMMUNICATIONS-ELECTRONICS COMMANDFORT BELVOIR VA NIGHT VISION AND ELECTRONICS SENSORS DIRECTORATE
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| Measurements of candidate materials for calibration of outdoor color imagery were made using integrating sphere and 45 /0 geometry. The differing results are discussed using CIELAB linear color space in terms of the measurement geometry and specularity of the material. Implications for calibration of outdoor photography are discussed with an example. |
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| TRANSFER OF PATTERNS INTO HGCDTE BY PLASMA ETCHING THROUGH AN A-SI:H VACUUM-COMPATIBLE MASK, |
JAN 1998 |
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| Authors:
J. H. DINANN; J. D. BENSON; J. N. Johnson; R. E. HOLLINGSWORTH; C. DEHART; Li Wang; ARMY COMMUNICATIONS-ELECTRONICS COMMANDFORT BELVOIR VA NIGHT VISION AND ELECTRONICS SENSORS DIRECTORATE
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| (U) THIS PAPER PRESENTS WHAT THE AUTHORS DESCRIBE AS A NOVEL APPROACH TO HGCDTE INFRARED FOCAL PLANE ARRAY FABRICATION. THE GOAL IS TO SHOW FEASIBILITY OF CARRYING OUT ALL EPITAXIAL GROWTH AND DEVICE PROCESSING STEPS WITHOUT REMOVING THE WAFER FROM THE PROTECTIVE ENVIRONMENT OF A MULTI-CHAMBER VACUUM SYSTEM. A HYDROGENATED AMORPHOUS SILICIN (A-SI:H) PHOTOMASK WAS FABRICATED FOR THE APPLICATION AND SILICON GROWN FILMS ARE DISCUSSED USING PLASMA ENHANCED CHEMICAL VAPOR ... |
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| SADA NOISE/DEFECT STUDY, |
JUL 1997 |
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| Authors:
J. C. BROWN; J. CHA; R. DEASO; J. HORGER; M. LORENZO; R. MOULTON JR.; T. TAKACS; ARMY COMMUNICATIONS-ELECTRONICS COMMANDFORT BELVOIR VA NIGHT VISION AND ELECTRONICS SENSORS DIRECTORATE
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| (U) THIS PAPER DESCRIBES THE CONDUCT OF AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE TECHNICAL UNDERPINNINGS OF CURRENT SECOND GENERATION FLIR SPECIFICATIONS USING A TEXAS INSTRUMENTS AUTOMATIC TARGET TRACKER. PERFORMANCE METRICS ARE EXAMINED FOR THEIR SENSITIVITY TO LOW FREQUENCY NOISE AND CHANNEL SUBSTITUTIONS UTILIZING SYNTHETIC THERMAL IMAGERY FROM THE NVESD PAINT-THE-NIGHT (PTN) IR SIMULATOR. NOISE CHARACTERISTICS OF TYPICAL SADA II FPAS WERE USED TO CREATE DISTRIBUTIONS OF 1/F AND WHITE NOISE FOR ALL ... |
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| INTEGRATED SIGHT, |
JUL 1997 |
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| Authors:
LAWRENCE T. MARSHALL; GREGG W. GARCIA; WILLIAM DOCEKAL; ARMY COMMUNICATIONS-ELECTRONICS COMMANDFORT BELVOIR VA NIGHT VISION AND ELECTRONICS SENSORS DIRECTORATE
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| (U) THIS PAPER DISCUSSES THE INTEGRATED SIGHT INCLUDING A DESCRIPTION OF THE HARDWARE AS WELL AS THE STRATEGY USED IN THE SYSTEM DESIGN OF THE MAN-MACHINE INTERFACE. THE SYSTEM DESIGN PROCESS INCLUDES ORGANIZATION OF THE SUBSYSTEMS WITHIN THE INTEGRATED SIGHT, ALLOCATION OF REQUIREMENTS TO HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE COMPONENTS, AND DECISIONS THAT FORM THE FRAMEWORK OF THE DETAILED DESIGN. |
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| INSB 'SEESPOT' HANDHELD THERMAL IMAGING SYSTEM WITH 1.06 MICRON LASER IMAGING CAPABILITY, |
JUL 1997 |
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| Authors:
MARK E. GREINER; MARK C. NORTON; ROBERTA DIXON; ARMY COMMUNICATIONS-ELECTRONICS COMMANDFORT BELVOIR VA NIGHT VISION AND ELECTRONICS SENSORS DIRECTORATE
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| (U) THIS PAPER PRESENTS PRELIMINARY RESULTS FROM THE NVESD SEESPOT LASER IMAGING SYSTEM, INCLUDING 3D NOISE, MRTD, AND FIELD IMAGERY. SEESPOT IS A GENERIC NAME USED TO DESCRIBE SYSTEMS THAT CAN IMAGE LASER DESIGNATOR AND THERMAL ENERGY SIMULTANEOUSLY. THE SEESPOT FLIR DESCRIBED IN THIS PAPER IS A HANDHELD, BATTERY OPERATED MWIR INSB IMAGING SYSTEM BASED ON HIPPS (HIGH PERFORMANCE PROTOTYPE SYSTEM). OPTIMIZATION PROCEDURES OF THE DUAL BAND FILTER, ALL-REFLECTIVE LENS, ... |
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Reports by Corporate Author
