ARMY CENTER FOR HEALTH PROMOTION AND PREVENTIVE MEDICINE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD

A Public Health Approach to Injury Prevention: The U.S. Military Experience

Jan-2010

17 pages

Authors: Michelle Canham-Chervak; Bruce H Jones; Steven H Bullock; Timothy S Wells; David A Sleet; Bruce R Burnham; Christopher P Rennix; Jack W Smith; Bruce A Ruscio; ARMY CENTER FOR HEALTH PROMOTION AND PREVENTIVE MEDICINE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD

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TITLE: A Process to Identify Military Injury Prevention Priorities Based on Injury Type and Limited Duty Days. BACKGROUND: Injuries, one of the leading public health problems in an otherwise healthy military population, affect operational readiness, increase healthcare costs, and result in disabilities and fatalities. This paper describes a systematic, data-driven, injury prevention-decision making process to rank potential injury prevention targets. METHODS: Medical surveillance and safety report data on injuries for ...

An Evidence-Based Public Health Approach to Injury Priorities and Prevention. Recommendations for the U.S. Military

Jan 2010

11 pages

Authors: Bruce H Jones; Michelle Canham-Chervak; David A Sleet; ARMY CENTER FOR HEALTH PROMOTION AND PREVENTIVE MEDICINE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD

Injuries are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality confronting U.S. military forces in peacetime or combat operations. Not only are injuries the biggest health problem of the military services, they are also a complex problem. The leading causes of deaths are different from those that result in hospitalization, which are different from those that result in outpatient care. As a consequence, it is not possible to focus on just ...

Effectiveness of a Seat Pad in Reducing Back Pain in Long-Distance Drivers Deployed to Kuwait, October 2008-May 2009

Dec 2009

133 pages

Authors: Joseph J Knapik; Anita Spiess; Steven G Chervak; Myrna C Callison; Bruce H Jones; ARMY CENTER FOR HEALTH PROMOTION AND PREVENTIVE MEDICINE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD

The Skydex(R) seat pad was tested to see if it could reduce low back pain (LBP) among drivers performing long-distance driving missions from Kuwait into Iraq. One group of military drivers received the seat pads (SP group), while another did not (NSP group). Questionnaires were administered before the seat pads were issued and about 6 months after the seat pads were issued. Soldiers also completed a survey after each driving ...

Evaluation of a Pilot Social Work Outreach Program using Combat and Operational Stress Control Principles in Garrison, Fort Sill, Oklahoma, June - September 2009

24 Nov 2009

37 pages

Authors: Jennifer M Piver-Renna; ARMY CENTER FOR HEALTH PROMOTION AND PREVENTIVE MEDICINE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD

The Outreach Program (OP) at Fort Sill, Oklahoma provides continual behavioral health (BH) education and counseling awareness services to Soldiers using the principles of Combat and Operational Stress Control (COSC) in garrison. OP requested a program evaluation from the U.S. Army Center for Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine (USACHPPM) to describe the programs activities, the process of implementation, the program's effect on Soldiers access to BH services, and the program's ...

Evaluation of Small Arms Range Soils for Metal Contamination and Lead Bioavailability

03-Nov-2009

7 pages

Authors: Desmond I Bannon; John W Drexler; Genevieve M Fent; Stan W Casteel; Penelope J Hunter; William J Brattin; Michael A Major; ARMY CENTER FOR HEALTH PROMOTION AND PREVENTIVE MEDICINE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD

Although small arms ranges are known to be contaminated with lead, the full extent of metal contamination has not been described, nor has the oral bioavailability of lead in these soils. In this work, soil samples from ranges with diverse geochemical backgrounds were sieved to 250 microns and analyzed for total metal content. Soils had consistently high levels of lead and copper, ranging from 4549 to 24,484 micrograms/g and 223 ...

Injury Prevention Effectiveness of Modifications of Shoe Type on Injuries and Risk Factors Associated with Pain and Discomfort in the US Army Band, Fort Meyer, Virginia 2007-2008

30-Jun-2009

74 pages

Authors: David Swedler; Joseph J Knapik; Anita Spiess; Tyson Grier; Bruce H Jones; ARMY CENTER FOR HEALTH PROMOTION AND PREVENTIVE MEDICINE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD

Footwear characteristics can have an influence on fatigue, overuse injuries and comfort. Shoes are an important consideration for members of the US Army Band who may perform hundreds of missions a year. These missions often include prolonged standing, marching, and can be conducted in unfavorable weather conditions. In a previous investigation, over 50% of the band members noted problems with their footwear such as lack of cushioning, support and breathability. ...

Injury Reduction Effectiveness of Prescribing Running Shoes Based on Plantar Shape in Marine Corps Basic Training San Diego, CA and Parris Island, SC

May-2009

81 pages

Authors: Steve Bullock; Joseph J Knapik; Bruce H Jones; David I Swedler; Daniel W Trone; Adriana Villasenor; Timothy Bockelman; Emily Schmied; Peggy Han; ARMY CENTER FOR HEALTH PROMOTION AND PREVENTIVE MEDICINE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD

In response to a request from the Military Training Task Force of the Defense Safety Oversight Council, this study examined whether prescribing running shoes based on the shape of the plantar surface influenced injury risk in Marine Corps basic training. After foot examinations, Marine Corps recruits in an experimental group (E, n=408 men, 314 women) were prescribed motion-control, stability, or cushioned shoes for plantar shapes indicative of low, medium, or ...

Comparative Environmental Toxicology Assessment of White and Red Phosphorous Munitions, Eagle River Flats Firing Range, Ft. Richardson, Alaska

26-Feb-2009

16 pages

Authors: William S Eck; M S Johnson; ARMY CENTER FOR HEALTH PROMOTION AND PREVENTIVE MEDICINE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD

Eagle River Flats Firing Range is used as an impact area by troops training at Ft. Richardson, AK. Firing of white phosphorous munitions was suspended in February 1990 because of mortality to migratory waterfowl. The Commander of Ft. Richardson is seeking to begin firing red phosphorous munitions to support troop training. This report assesses the comparative toxicity of white and red phosphorous munitions with special consideration for waterfowl and other ...

Preventing Injuries in the U.S. Military: The Process, Priorities, and Epidemiologic Evidence

Dec-2008

448 pages

Authors: ARMY CENTER FOR HEALTH PROMOTION AND PREVENTIVE MEDICINE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD

Injuries are the biggest health problem confronting U.S. military forces in peacetime and combat operations, resulting in over 1.8 million medical encounters annually across the Services and affecting more than 800,000 individual Service members. Not only are injuries the biggest health problem of the Services, but they are also a complex problem. The leading causes of deaths are different from those that result in hospitalization, which are different from those ...

Injuries and Physical Fitness Before and After Deployments of the 10th Mountain Division to Afghanistan and the 1st Cavalry Division to Iraq, September 2005 - October 2008

Oct-2008

56 pages

Authors: Joseph J Knapik; Anita Spiess; Bruce H Jones; Tyson L Grier; Mark E Lester; Marilyn A Sharp; Steven K Tobler; David I Swedler; ARMY CENTER FOR HEALTH PROMOTION AND PREVENTIVE MEDICINE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD

This project examined injuries and physical fitness before and after deployments of the 10th Mountain Division to Afghanistan (10thMt cohort, n=505 men) and 1st Cavalry Division to Iraq (1stCav cohort, n=3242 men). Deployed Soldiers' outpatient medical encounters were obtained from the Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center and examined for injuries during two consecutive 90-day periods before (Periods 1-2) and two consecutive 90-day periods after deployment (Periods 3-4). Army Physical Fitness ...

Assessment of Composting Feasibility at Army Installations

01-Sep-2008

16 pages

Authors: ARMY CENTER FOR HEALTH PROMOTION AND PREVENTIVE MEDICINE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD

The purpose of this assessment was to evaluate various types of composting operations to determine their technical and economic feasibility at Army installations. The assessment included site visits to two installations with dissimilar compost programs. Another objective was to determine how USACHPPM could assist Army installations in developing compost programs.

Hantavirus Prevention: Cleanup of Rodent Contamination

01-Sep-2008

10 pages

Authors: ARMY CENTER FOR HEALTH PROMOTION AND PREVENTIVE MEDICINE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD

Hantaviruses in the Americas may cause human disease involving the lungs, hence the name hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS). Since May 1993, a total of 416 HPS cases (as of 1 February 2006) have been confirmed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in residents of 32 states, with 39 of these cases identified retrospectively with onset of illness prior to May 1993. One hundred and six (38%) of ...

Natural Resource Damage and Claims: Potential Department of Defense Liabilities and Mitigation Opportunities

01-Sep-2008

13 pages

Authors: Daniel J Sheehy; Susan F Vik; ARMY CENTER FOR HEALTH PROMOTION AND PREVENTIVE MEDICINE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD

The purpose of this research is to describe the Natural Resource Damage Assessment (NRDA) process, identify Department of Defense (DOD) roles and responsibilities, and propose approaches that may reduce the probability or consequences of claims directed at DOD. To promote an awareness of potential Natural Resource Damage (NRD) claim liabilities and methods that may be used to help reduce these claims.

Causes of Nonbattle Injury Fatalities Among U.S. Army Soldiers During Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom, 2001-2006

28-Jul-2008

37 pages

Authors: Bruce H Jones; Keith G Hauret; Nakia S Clemmons; Bonnie J Taylor; ARMY CENTER FOR HEALTH PROMOTION AND PREVENTIVE MEDICINE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD

As with previous military conflicts, nonbattle injuries (NBIs) are a major cause of mortality in Operations Enduring (OEF) and Iraqi Freedom (OIF). The purpose of this retrospective analysis was to 1) describe the incidence and rate of fatal NBls in OEF and OIF from their beginning through December 2006, 2) describe the causes and circumstances of fatal NBls, and 3) compare two Army data systems that report fatal NBI incidents. ...

Influence of Iron Supplementation on Injury Risk in Basic Combat Training

01-Jul-2008

54 pages

Authors: Joseph J Knapik; Anita Spiess; Kelly Williams; James P McClung; Sonya Corum; Brad Nindl; Harris Lieberman; Steven Tobler; ARMY CENTER FOR HEALTH PROMOTION AND PREVENTIVE MEDICINE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD

In a double-blinded study design, female Army basic trainees were randomized into either an iron supplement group (ISG, n=105) or a placebo group (PG, n=103). The ISG consumed 16 mg elemental iron daily. Prior to treatment, measures of physical activity, tobacco use, menstrual status, physical characteristics, body composition, physical fitness, and demographics were obtained. Blood was collected to identify subjects who were iron deficient (ID) or had iron deficiency anemia ...

Injury Reduction Effectiveness of Prescribing Running Shoes Based on Foot Shape in Basic Combat Training

01-Jun-2008

101 pages

Authors: Salima Darakjy; Keith G Hauret; Nakia Clemmons; Steve Tobler; Kelly Williams; Tyson Grier; Joseph J Knapik; David Swedler; Mark Lester; Steven H Bullock; ARMY CENTER FOR HEALTH PROMOTION AND PREVENTIVE MEDICINE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD

In Basic Combat Training (BCT) running shoes are prescribed based on plantar foot shape (reflecting longitudinal arch height). In response to a request from the Military Training Task Force of the Defense Safety Oversight Council this study examined whether or not this prescription technique influenced injury risk. After foot examinations BCT recruits in an experimental group (E, n=1,079 men, 456 women) were prescribed motion control stability or cushioned shoes for ...

A Survey of Parachute Ankle Brace Breakages

10 JAN 2008

28 pages

Authors: Joseph J Knapik; Anita Spiess; Salima Darakjy; Tyson Grier; Fred Manning; Elaine Livingston; David Swedler; Paul Amoroso; Bruce H Jones; ARMY CENTER FOR HEALTH PROMOTION AND PREVENTIVE MEDICINE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD

A questionnaire was administered to 1,956 students in Army Airborne training as part of an effort by the Military Training Task Force (MTTF) of the Defense Safety Oversight Council (DSOC) to evaluate the parachute ankle brace (PAB). Information provided by the questionnaire identified potential injury risk factors and comments on the PAB. Risk factors for injuries in the past year included service branch, Airborne recycling, less physical activity, older age, ...

U.S. Army Deployment Injury Surveillance Summary, CY 2007 1 January 2007 - 31 December 2007

31-Dec-2007

37 pages

Authors: Keith Hauret; Bruce H Jones; Nakia Clemmons; Bonnie Taylor; Suzanne Block; ARMY CENTER FOR HEALTH PROMOTION AND PREVENTIVE MEDICINE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD

The U.S. Army Center for Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine (USACHPPM) maintains an injury surveillance system for deployed Soldiers. U.S. Transportation Command's Regulating and Command & Control Evacuation System (TRAC2ES) data for Soldiers medically air evacuated from U.S. Central Command while deployed for Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF; March 2003-December 2007) and Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF; October 2001-December 2007) was coded for cause of injury. Additional sources of injury data were ...

Development of a Deployment Injury Surveillance System Using Medical Air Evacuation Data

05 OCT 2007

46 pages

Authors: K. G. Hauret; N. Clemmons; B. H. Jones; J. Hadley; ARMY CENTER FOR HEALTH PROMOTION AND PREVENTIVE MEDICINE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD

In May 2005, the U.S. Army Center for Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine was tasked by the Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Army for Environment, Safety and Occupational Health to develop an injury surveillance system for deployed Army Soldiers. A primary objective was to develop a system capable of identifying types and potentially preventable causes of injuries requiring medical air evacuation. The primary data source for air evacuated injured Soldiers ...

Risk Factors for Parachute Injuries and Airborne Student Observations on the Parachute Ankle Brace

03 OCT 2007

72 pages

Authors: Joseph J. Knapik; Anita Spiess; Salima Darakjy; Tyson Grier; Fred Manning; Elaine Livingston; David Swedler; Paul Amoroso; Bruce H. Jones; ARMY CENTER FOR HEALTH PROMOTION AND PREVENTIVE MEDICINE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD

Injury-Reduction Effectiveness of Prescribing Running Shoes Based on Plantar Shape in Marine Corps Basic Training, San Diego, CA, and Parris Island, SC

Oct-2007

81 pages

The Parachute Ankle Brace: Entanglements and Injuries After Controlling for Extrinsic Risk Factors

10 MAR 2007

28 pages

Authors: Joseph J. Knapik; Salima Darakjy; David Swedler; Fred Manning; Keith G. Hauret; Paul Amoroso; Bruce H. Jones; ARMY CENTER FOR HEALTH PROMOTION AND PREVENTIVE MEDICINE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD

Previous studies have demonstrated that the parachute ankle brace (PAB) reduces ankle injuries during military airborne operations. This investigation reevaluated the PAB controlling for extrinsic risk factors. Injury incidence among airborne students wearing the PAB was compared to those not wearing the PAB. Covariate data were collected on extrinsic risk factors including wind speed, type of jump (administrative-nontactical versus combat load) and time of day (day versus night). A total ...

Injuries and Injury Prevention in the US Army Band

30 DEC 2006

231 pages

Authors: Joseph J. Knapik; Sarah B. Jones; Doug W. Ohlin; Michelle Canham-Chervak; Salima S. Darakjy; Donald E. Goddard; Keith G. Hauret; Jeffrey A. Hadley; Gregory Twombly; Deanna K. Harkins; ARMY CENTER FOR HEALTH PROMOTION AND PREVENTIVE MEDICINE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD

Injury rates and potential risk factors were examined in the 284 members of the US Army Band in response to a request from the Band Commander. Collected data included 1) information obtained directly from the Band (fitness test scores, height, weight, etc.), 2) medical data from the Defense Medical Surveillance System, 3) audiograms of Band member from the Defense Occupational and Environmental Health Readiness System-Hearing Conservation database, 4) focus group ...

Air Medical Evacuations of Soldiers for Oral-facial Disease and Injuries, Operations Enduring Freedom/Iraqi Freedom, January-December 2006

Dec-2006

18 pages

Authors: Timothy A Mitchener; ARMY CENTER FOR HEALTH PROMOTION AND PREVENTIVE MEDICINE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD

This retrospective study was conducted to assess the nature and causes of serious oral-facial illnesses and injuries among U.S. Army personnel deployed to Iraq and Afghanistan in 2006. Information for this study came from the U.S Air Force Transportation Regulating and Command & Control Evacuation System (TRAC2ES) database for medical evacuations (MEDEVACS) for 2006. The study found 113 oral-facial MEDEVACS out of Iraq (cumulative incidence: 10.2/10,000 soldiers per year) and ...

A Prospective Study of Injuries and Injury Risk Factors Among Army Wheel Vehicle Mechanics

01 AUG 2006

57 pages

Authors: ARMY CENTER FOR HEALTH PROMOTION AND PREVENTIVE MEDICINE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD

Associations between mechanical task performance and injuries were examined in a study of male Army wheel vehicle mechanics. Initial testing on selected mechanical tasks, physical characteristics, and physical fitness was followed by screening of medical records for injuries occurring one year later. Of the 160 mechanics sought, only 104 completed the study. Cox regressions demonstrated little systematic association between time to perform mechanical tasks and overall injury risk (p=>0.26). When ...

Performance and Health Risk Assessment of Commercial Off-the-Shelf Individual Water Purifiers

26 MAY 2006

666 pages

Authors: William Bettin; Arthur Lundquist; Steven Clarke; Steven Richards; ARMY CENTER FOR HEALTH PROMOTION AND PREVENTIVE MEDICINE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD

This project assessed the performance and health risks of commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) individual water purifiers (IWP) for use by individual warfighters to provide emergency treatment of field drinking water. This project had three discrete objectives: (1) Develop a military-use specific protocol for testing the efficiency and functionality of IWPs in producing microbiologically safe drinking water; (2) Gather and assess technical information on COTS IWPs and develop a shareable database of this ...

Comparison of Physical Activity Among New United States Army Recruits and High School Students

MAR 2006

13 pages

Authors: Sarah B. Jones; Joseph J. Knapik; Salima Darakjy; Stephanie Morrison; Gene Piskator; Bruce H. Jones; ARMY CENTER FOR HEALTH PROMOTION AND PREVENTIVE MEDICINE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD

New Regular Army recruits and high school students were compared on their level of physical activity. Both groups were asked "On how many of the past 7 days did you exercise or participate in physical activity for at least 20 minutes that made you sweat and breathe hard, such as basketball, soccer, running, swimming laps, fast bicycling, fast dancing, or similar aerobic activities?" There were statistically significant differences in the ...

Chlorine Disinfection in the Use of Individual Water Purification Devices

MAR 2006

23 pages

Authors: Brian Pickard; Steven Clarke; William Bettin; ARMY CENTER FOR HEALTH PROMOTION AND PREVENTIVE MEDICINE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD

Soldiers deployed beyond traditional field drinking water supplies must have access to potable water. Using Individual Water Purification Devices (IWPDs) is one way to provide potable water in these situations. Such IWPDs must protect the Soldier from acute microbial health threats. Understanding the disinfection capabilities of chlorine to kill or inactivate disease-causing microorganisms is important in protecting Soldiers, who are considering using this technology, from acute health threats posed by ...

Chlorine Dioxide Disinfection in the Use of Individual Water Purification Devices

MAR 2006

15 pages

Authors: Steven Clarke; William Bettin; ARMY CENTER FOR HEALTH PROMOTION AND PREVENTIVE MEDICINE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD

Soldiers deployed beyond traditional field drinking water supplies must have access to microbiologically safe water. Using Individual Water Purification Devices (IWPDs) is one way to provide microbiologically safe water in these situations. These IWPDs must protect the Soldier from acute microbial health threats. Understanding the disinfection capabilities of chlorine dioxide to kill or inactivate disease-causing microorganisms is important in protecting soldiers, who are considering using this technology, from acute health ...

Filtration in the Use of Individual Water Purification Devices

MAR 2006

20 pages

Authors: Arthur Lundquist; Steven Clarke; William Bettin; ARMY CENTER FOR HEALTH PROMOTION AND PREVENTIVE MEDICINE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD

Soldiers deployed beyond traditional field drinking water supplies must have access to potable water. Using Individual Water Purification Devices (IWPDs) is one way to provide microbiologically safe water in these situations. Understanding the ability of filtration to reduce disease-causing microorganisms in water is important in protecting Soldiers, who are considering using this technology, from acute health threats posed by these microorganisms. This information paper provides an in-depth review of filtration ...

Electrochemically Generated Oxidant Disinfection in the Use of Individual Water Purification Devices

MAR 2006

10 pages

Authors: Steven Clarke; William Bettin; ARMY CENTER FOR HEALTH PROMOTION AND PREVENTIVE MEDICINE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD

Soldiers deployed beyond traditional field drinking water supplies must have access to microbiologically safe water. Using Individual Water Purification Devices (IWPDs) is one way to provide microbiologically safe water in these situations. Such IWPDs must protect the Soldier from acute microbial health threats. Understanding the disinfection capabilities of electrochemically generated oxidants (EGO) to kill or inactivate disease-causing microorganisms is important in protecting Soldiers, who are considering using this technology, from ...

Ultraviolet Light Disinfection in the Use of Individual Water Purification Devices

MAR 2006

16 pages

Authors: Steven Clarke; William Bettin; ARMY CENTER FOR HEALTH PROMOTION AND PREVENTIVE MEDICINE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD

Soldiers deployed beyond traditional field drinking water supplies must have access to microbiologically safe water. Using Individual Water Purification Devices (IWPDs) is one way to provide microbiologically safe water in these situations. These IWPDs must protect the Soldier from acute microbial health threats. Understanding the disinfection capabilities of ultraviolet (UV) light to inactivate disease-causing microorganisms is important in protecting Soldiers, who are considering using this technology, from acute health threats ...

Iodine Disinfection in the Use of Individual Water Purification Devices

MAR 2006

16 pages

Authors: Steven Clarke; William Bettin; ARMY CENTER FOR HEALTH PROMOTION AND PREVENTIVE MEDICINE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD

Soldiers deployed beyond traditional field drinking water supplies must have access to microbiologically safe water. Using Individual Water Purification Devices (IWPDs) is one way to provide microbiologically safe water in these situations. Such IWPDs must protect the Soldier from acute microbial health threats. Understanding the disinfection capabilities of iodine to kill or inactivate disease-causing microorganisms is important in protecting Soldiers, who are considering using this technology, from acute health threats ...

Injuries Among Army Light-Wheel Vehicle Mechanics

FEB 2006

45 pages

Authors: Joseph J. Knapik; Sarah B. Jones; Salima Darakjy; Keith G. Hauret; Steven Bullock; Stephanie Morrison; Sara Canada; Edward Hoedebecke; Michelle Canham-Chervak; Marilyn A. Sharp; Lolita Burrell; Bruce H. Jones; ARMY CENTER FOR HEALTH PROMOTION AND PREVENTIVE MEDICINE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD

The medical records of 518 male and 43 female mechanics at Fort Bragg, North Carolina were screened for injuries occurring in a 1-year period. An injury was defined as an event in the medical record indicating the Soldier sought medical care for an overuse or traumatic condition. Weight, height, age, and ethnicity were also extracted from the medical records; body mass index (BMI) was calculated as weight/height*height. The person-time injury ...

Injuries Among Army Light-Wheel Vehicle Mechanics

FEB 2006

45 pages

Authors: Joseph J. Knapik; Sarah B. Jones; Salima Darakjy; Keith G. Hauret; Steven Bullock; Stephanie Morrison; Sara Canada; Edward Hoedebecke; Michelle Canham-Chervak; Marilyn A. Sharp; ARMY CENTER FOR HEALTH PROMOTION AND PREVENTIVE MEDICINE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD

The medical records of 518 male and 43 female mechanics at Fort Bragg, North Carolina were screened for injures occurring in a 1-year period. An injury was defined as an event in the medical record indicating the Soldier sought medical care for an overuse or traumatic condition. Weight, height, age, and ethnicity were also extracted from the medical records; body mass index (BMl) was calculated as weight/height*height. The person-time injury ...

Postdeployment Hearing Loss in U.S. Army Soldiers Seen at Audiology Clinics from April 1, 2003, through March 31, 2004

DEC 2005

9 pages

Authors: Thomas M. Helfer; Nikki N. Jordan; Robyn B. Lee; ARMY CENTER FOR HEALTH PROMOTION AND PREVENTIVE MEDICINE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD

U.S. Army soldiers face unique noise exposures in the current deployed setting. The effects of these deployment-related exposures have not previously been documented. In an attempt to initiate this process, medical evaluations performed at military audiology clinics from April 2003 through March 2004 were reviewed to compare noise-induced hearing loss injury (NIHLI) outcomes among soldiers whose diagnoses were classified as postdeployment-related versus non-postdeployment-related. Sentinel NIHLI outcomes of interest included acoustic ...

Development of a Personal Digital Assistant Ergonomic Injury Assessment Tool

OCT 2005

33 pages

Authors: Steven Chervak; ARMY CENTER FOR HEALTH PROMOTION AND PREVENTIVE MEDICINE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD

The goal of this study was to begin the development of a computer-based software tool to automate the survey and reporting functions for ergonomic assessments. Ten Department of Defense installations participated in the beta test. The program was tested for user acceptability in the areas of system design, checklist design and content, report design and content, and proficiency. The beta test showed that the tool developed is a good first ...

Interim Guidance for the Sanitary Control and Surveillance of Field Water Supplies

15 JUL 2005

202 pages

Authors: ARMY CENTER FOR HEALTH PROMOTION AND PREVENTIVE MEDICINE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD

This publication provides interim detailed technical guidance and recommendations for the sanitary control and surveillance of land-based field water support. The guidance and recommendations will help ensure field water supplies are potable in order to protect and enhance the health and performance of the warfighter.

Feeding Deterrent Effects of Catnip Oil Components Compared with Two Synthetic Amides Against Aedes aegypti

Jan-2005

5 pages

Authors: Kamlesh R Chauhan; Jerome A Klun; Mustapha Debboun; Matthew Kramer; ARMY CENTER FOR HEALTH PROMOTION AND PREVENTIVE MEDICINE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD

Recently, catnip, Nepeta cataria L. (Lamiaceae), essential oil has been formulated and marketed as an alternative repellent for protection against biting arthropods by several vendors. We isolated the major active components of catnip oil, E,Z- and Z,E-nepetalactone, and quantitatively measured their antibiting ef cacy compared with the repellents N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (deet) and chiral (1S,2S)-2-methylpiperidinyl-3-cyclohexene-1-carboxamide (SS220) against the yellowfever mosquito, Aedes aegypti (L.), by using an in vitro assay and human volunteers ...

A Review of the Literature on Attrition from the Military Services: Risk Factors for Attrition and Strategies to Reduce Attrition

OCT 2004

105 pages

Authors: Joseph J. Knapik; Bruce H. Jones; Keith Hauret; Salima Darakjy; Eugene Piskator; ARMY CENTER FOR HEALTH PROMOTION AND PREVENTIVE MEDICINE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD

Attrition is the failure of an enlisted service member to be retained in service within the first term of enlistment. This paper emphasizes health/ fitness-related aspects of attrition but also covers demographic and psychosocial factors. Overall 3-year military attrition steadily rose from 26% in 1985 to 31% in 1995. Demographic and psychosocial risk factors for attrition include lower educational attainment, female gender, White ethnicity, lower Armed Forces Qualification Test scores, ...

Evaluation of a Program to Identify and Pre-Condition Trainees With Low Physical Fitness: Attrition and Cost Analysis

SEP 2004

23 pages

Authors: Joseph J. Knapik; Salima Darakjy; Keith G. Hauret; Bruce H. Jones; Marilyn A. Sharp; ARMY CENTER FOR HEALTH PROMOTION AND PREVENTIVE MEDICINE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD

From October 1999 to July 2004, all new recruits who arrived for Basic Combat Training (ECT) participated in the Fitness Assessment Program (FAP) . The FAP involved an entry-level physical fitness test that new recruits took when they arrive at the Reception Station. Those passing the test entered BCT. Those failing the test entered a special physical training unit where they exercised until they could pass the test and then ...

The Case for Pre-Enlistment Physical Fitness Testing: Research and Recommendations

AUG 2004

100 pages

Authors: Joseph J. Knapik; Bruce H. Jones; Marilyn A. Sharp; Salima Darakjy; Sarah Jones; ARMY CENTER FOR HEALTH PROMOTION AND PREVENTIVE MEDICINE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD

This paper reviewed the concept of physical fitness and outlined suggestions for a pre-enlistment physical fitness test. The components of physical fitness were identified by reference to factor analysis studies and to physiological concepts related to the components of physical fitness. The physiological validity and reliability of relatively simple tests of physical fitness were considered. Criteria against which physical fitness tests have been validated include a) performance on military tasks, ...

Secular Trends in the Physical Fitness of American Youth, Young Adults and Army Recruits

AUG 2004

88 pages

Authors: Joseph J. Knapik; Marilyn A. Sharp; Bruce H. Jones; Salima Darakjy; Sarah Jones; ARMY CENTER FOR HEALTH PROMOTION AND PREVENTIVE MEDICINE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD

This paper reviews the literature and existing databases for information on secular trends in the physical fitness of young Americans and describes changes in fitness during Basic Combat Training (BCT). The VO2max of male youth and new Army recruits has not changed while that of female youth and new recruits has improved slightly from at least 1975 to 1998. Performance has declined on endurance running tasks in a similar time ...

Acute Toxicity Estimation and Operational Risk Management of Chemical Warfare Agent Exposures

MAY 2004

176 pages

Authors: ARMY CENTER FOR HEALTH PROMOTION AND PREVENTIVE MEDICINE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD

To address a broad range of related issues associated with chemical risk assessment and operational risk decision making. While this report focuses on a specific group of chemical warfare agents (GA GB, GD, GF, VX and HD) and exposure routes (i.e., inhalation, ocular, percutaneous), the concepts and reconiniendations extend to other chemicals (i.e., other warfare agents and toxic industnal chemicals (TICs)) as well as other exposure routes (i.e., ingestion). The ...

Evaluation of Two Army Fitness Programs: The TRADOC Standardized Physical Training Program for Basic Combat Training and the Fitness Assessment Program

2004

171 pages

Authors: Joseph J. Knapik; Salima Darakjy; Shawn Scott; Keith G. Hauret; Sara Canada; ARMY CENTER FOR HEALTH PROMOTION AND PREVENTIVE MEDICINE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD

LTG Dennis Cavin, Commander of Accessions Command, tasked the U.S. Army Physical Fitness School (USAPFS) and the Center for Accession Research (CAR) to develop and test the ability of a standardized physical training (PT) program to improve fitness and reduce injuries and attrition during BCT. The program developed by the USAPFS followed the principles in Army Field manual 21- 20 plus incorporated injury reduction principles involving reduced running mileage and ...

Guidance for Ability Group Run Speeds and Distances in Basic Combat Training

DEC 2003

29 pages

Authors: Joseph J. Knapik; Shawn J. Scott; Marilyn A. Sharp; Keith G. Hauret; Salima Darakjy; ARMY CENTER FOR HEALTH PROMOTION AND PREVENTIVE MEDICINE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD

During the first few days of Basic Combat Training (BCT), new recruits take an initial assessment run and they Me ranked from fast to slow. Four roughly equally sized "ability groups" Me established from these rankings and recruits run together in these groups for their aerobic training. There is no formal guidance on how fast or how far these ability groups should run. This paper provides this guidance and a ...

Attitudes of New Recruits Toward a Pre-Enlistment Physical Fitness Screening Test

OCT 2003

13 pages

Authors: ARMY CENTER FOR HEALTH PROMOTION AND PREVENTIVE MEDICINE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD

The Center for Accessions Research (CAR) requested assistance from the U.S. Army Center for Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine (USACHPPM) in determining potential changes in U.S. Army applicant behavior if a pre-enlistment physical fitness test (PFT) was implemented. A potential enlistee would have to pass the test before he could be inducted into the Army. The high physical demands of initial military training (IMT) and occupational Army tasks require a ...

Personal Protective Equipment Guide for Military Medical Treatment Facility Personnel Handling Casualties From Weapons of Mass Destruction and Terrorism Events

AUG 2003

220 pages

Authors: ARMY CENTER FOR HEALTH PROMOTION AND PREVENTIVE MEDICINE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD

This Technical Guide (TG) provides personal protective equipment (PPE) guidance to Army Medical Department (AMEDD) Military Medical Treatment Facility (MTF) Personnel Handling Casualties from Weapons of Mass Destruction and Terrorism at their fixed facilities. It provides guidance relating to the selection of PPE and program requirements for PPE use.

Anthrax Vaccination and Self-reported Symptoms, Functional Status, and Medical Conditions in the National Health Survey of Gulf War Era Veterans and Their Families

Apr-2003

9 pages

Authors: Clare M Mahan; Han K Kang; Nancy A Dalager; Jack M Heller; ARMY CENTER FOR HEALTH PROMOTION AND PREVENTIVE MEDICINE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD

To e\-aluarc the health status ofGulf War veterans who reported receipt of anthrax v;ccnation and a small group of Gulf War veterans for whom dcxllmentation of anthrax vaccinarion exists. Beginning in August 1990, US military personnel were deployed to the Gulf theater in response to Iraq's invasion of Kuwait. The Department of Defense (DoD) authorized the administration of vaccinations to thesc troops to protect against potential battlefield exposure to biological ...

The Medical NBC Battlebook

MAY 2000

304 pages

Authors: ARMY CENTER FOR HEALTH PROMOTION AND PREVENTIVE MEDICINE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD

The purpose of this battlebook is to address operational health concerns in environments where Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical (NBC) threats exist. Potential NBC threats range from weapons of mass destruction to contamination of the battlefield by hazardous material. Medical personnel, in conjunction with chemical personnel, must be able to advise commanders on a wide range of issues including the health effects of NBC threats, protective clothing and measures, and management ...