| Charcoal Regeneration - Part IV. Competitive Adsorption of TNT and RDX |
JUN 1983 |
37 pages |
| Authors:
Jerome Haberman; ARMY ARMAMENT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT COMMAND DOVER NJ LARGE CALIBER WEAPON SYSTEMS LAB
|
 | Trinitrotoluene (TNT) and cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine (RDX), pink water , adsorption/solvent desorption cycling of activated carbon (FS300) has been studied as a function of various pretreatments. In agreement with previous studies of TNT and RDX individually, preferential plugging of pores by pretreatments did not improve the solvent regeneration of the FS300. The study of the competitive adsorption of TNT and RDX indicated that, at the higher concentrations, TNT tended to displace RDX ... |
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| A Method to Evaluate the Burning Behavior of Secondary Explosives - Composition B |
JUN 1983 |
38 pages |
| Authors:
Rodolf W. Velicky; ARMY ARMAMENT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT COMMAND DOVER NJ LARGE CALIBER WEAPON SYSTEMS LAB
|
| It is demonstrated in this work that the closed bomb can be used to detect changes in the burning properties of Composition B that are caused by small modifications to its composition. It is shown that, upon ignition, Composition B first burns on the surface as do standard gun propellants. It then undergoes a transition during which the initial physical configuration breaks up into fragments. This produces an increased surface ... |
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| Methods for Determining the Percentage of Nitrogen in Nitrocellulose |
JUN 1983 |
|
| Authors:
Anthony F. Taschler; ARMY ARMAMENT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT COMMAND DOVER NJ LARGE CALIBER WEAPON SYSTEMS LAB
|
 | A round robin was conducted to statistically evaluate four chemical methods for determining the percentage of nitrogen in nitrocellulose. The four methods are: (1) nitrometer, (2) titanous chloride, (3) automatic ferrous sulfate titration, and (4) potentiometer ferrous sulfate titration. The nitrometer method was used as the standard and the other three were tested against it for equivalency. Automatic titration proved to be equivalent, while potentiometer titration has equivalency potential given ... |
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| Potential Multipurpose Additives: Flash-Erosion Suppressant |
JUN 1983 |
19 pages |
| Authors:
A. J. Bracuti; L. A. Bottei; R. Davis; ARMY ARMAMENT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT COMMAND DOVER NJ LARGE CALIBER WEAPON SYSTEMS LAB
|
| Erosion and simultaneous flash were measured on M30 propellant and on a series of propelling charges containing M30 and various candidate additives. The data acquired with the ARRADCOM test fixture indicated that the carbonates and bicarbonates of both potassium and ammonium performed as well or better than the standard erosion additives (TiO2 and talc) in reducing erosion. The flash data revealed that the bicarbonates of potassium and ammonium as well ... |
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| Determination of Nonpropagation Distance for M74AP and M75AT-AV Mines |
MAY 1983 |
|
| Authors:
William M. Stirrat; ARMY ARMAMENT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT COMMAND DOVER NJ LARGE CALIBER WEAPON SYSTEMS LAB
|
| As part of an Army-wide expansion and modernization program, the safe-separation distance for production of M74AP and M75AT-AV mines was studied, tested, and determined in a series of tests. The results were used to establish safety criteria for new manufacturing load-assemble-pack (LAP) facilities and also existing facilities under renovation. The program to determine the necessary minimum nonpropagation distance was drafted by ARRADCOM and was subsequently conducted in two separate phases. ... |
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| Prefuzing M483 Projectiles |
MAR 1983 |
|
| Authors:
Edward L. Roller; ARMY ARMAMENT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT COMMAND DOVER NJ LARGE CALIBER WEAPON SYSTEMS LAB
|
| Since the Division Support Weapon System (DSWS) will have a significantly higher rate of fire than the M109 self-propelled howitzer and there will be little, if any, opportunity for the crew to fuze projectiles, a study was made to determine where prefuzing M483 dual purpose, improved conventional munition projectiles could best be accomplished. Personnel at the M483 load, assemble, and pack (LAP) plants; U.S. Army Armament Materiel Readiness Command, Rock ... |
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| Sensitivity Characterization of Low Vulnerability (LOVA) Propellants |
MAR 1983 |
49 pages |
| Authors:
M. S. Kirshenbaum; L. Avrami; B. Strauss; ARMY ARMAMENT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT COMMAND DOVER NJ LARGE CALIBER WEAPON SYSTEMS LAB
|
| Low vulnerability (LOVA) propellants are being developed to improve the combat survivability and effectiveness of our current weapon systems. The basic LOVA formulation contains approximately 75% nitramine filler. This report describes the results of a study that was conducted to determine the sensitivity properties of a number of the candidate LOVA propellants as well as seven conventional nitrate ester propellants (M30, M26, M6+2, NACO, two United Kingdom propellants, F527/428, and ... |
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| Minimum Nonpropagation Distances for M42/M46 GP Grenade Loading Tools |
MAR 1983 |
|
| Authors:
William M. Stirrat; ARMY ARMAMENT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT COMMAND DOVER NJ LARGE CALIBER WEAPON SYSTEMS LAB
|
| As part of an Army-wide expansion and modernization program, the safe separation distance criteria to specifically support modernization concepts for the assembly of M42/M46 GP Grenades into various projectiles were studied. The test results from this program were used to establish safety criteria for new and existing explosives manufacturing facilities. A series of exploratory and confirmatory tests were conducted for each of the three loading tool configurations studied (two ring ... |
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| CARS Spectra from Lean and Stoichiometric CH(4)-N(2)O Flames |
MAR 1983 |
|
| Authors:
L. E. Harris; ARMY ARMAMENT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT COMMAND DOVER NJ LARGE CALIBER WEAPON SYSTEMS LAB
|
| Broadband CARS spectra were obtained from both the reaction zone and post-flame region of lean and stoichiometric CH(4)-N(2)O flames. To assess methods of obtaining concentration from broadband spectra, N(2) CARS spectra were obtained from a series of air and argon (AIR/AR) mixtures at room temperature. The concentration of N(2) with good accuracy (6%) was obtained both from fitting the shape of the broadband spectra and from the ratio of the ... |
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| Analysis and Simulation of the Unwinding Ribbon, a Delay Arming Device |
MAR 1983 |
|
| Authors:
William P. Dunn; ARMY ARMAMENT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT COMMAND DOVER NJ LARGE CALIBER WEAPON SYSTEMS LAB
|
| Since the unwinding ribbon has the potential of becoming an inexpensive, simple, and reliable non-horological delay arming device for large caliber munitions (as it has been for small caliber munitions), its equation of motion has been derived for use as a design tool. The solution to this initial value problem has been studied to determine its correlation with experimental results and to determine the sensitivity of the ribbon's behavior to ... |
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| The Burning Behavior of TNT in the Closed Bomb |
MAR 1983 |
33 pages |
| Authors:
Rodolf W. Velicky; ARMY ARMAMENT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT COMMAND DOVER NJ LARGE CALIBER WEAPON SYSTEMS LAB
|
| The work shows that the physical structure of TNT breaks up during burning. Combustion proceeds on fragments with a new surface to volume ratio. The size, shape, and number of fragments is determined by the crystal pattern permitted to develop by the casting procedure. The intrinsic burning rate of TNT is very slow in relation to the rate of structural dissociation. Wax, the desensitizing agent used with TNT in the ... |
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| Exudation Test for TNT Explosives under Confinement: Exudation Control and Proposed Standards |
FEB 1983 |
|
| Authors:
H. W. Voigt; ARMY ARMAMENT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT COMMAND DOVER NJ LARGE CALIBER WEAPON SYSTEMS LAB
|
| The process of exudation of confined explosives containing TNT, and the adverse consequences and interactive effects in munitions is described. A 70 C test for prescribed times to measure the exudate from explosives under confinement is described and has been tested, as amended, for reproducibility by the Prins Maurits Laboratorium, The Netherlands. Since exudation values for TNT of a given set point and of various manufacture vary, three descriptive exudation ... |
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| Determination of Nonpropagation Distances for 25-mm XM792 HEI-T cartridges |
FEB 1983 |
|
| Authors:
William M. Stirrat; ARMY ARMAMENT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT COMMAND DOVER NJ LARGE CALIBER WEAPON SYSTEMS LAB
|
| As part of an Army-wide expansion and modernization program, safe separation distance criteria for the production of a family of 25-mm tank cartridges (M791 APDS-T, M792 HEI-T, and M793 TP-T) were studied, tested, and determined in a series of tests. Since all cartridges use the same assembly line and since the M792 contained the greatest quantity of explosive, the M792 was selected for determining the nonpropagation distance. The test program ... |
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| Minimum Nonpropagation Distances for Various LAP Facility Configurations of the 30-mm XM789 HEDP Projectiles |
JAN 1983 |
|
| Authors:
William M. Stirrat; Richard M. Rindner; ARMY ARMAMENT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT COMMAND DOVER NJ LARGE CALIBER WEAPON SYSTEMS LAB
|
| As part of an Army wide expansion and modernization program, the safe separation distances for various production facility configurations of 30-mm XM789 HEDP projectiles were studied, tested, and statistically determined in a series of tests. The test results were used to establish safety criteria for new manufacturing Load-Assemble-Pack (LAP) facilities and also existing facilities undergoing renovation. The program to determine the necessary minimum nonpropagation distance was drafted by ARRADCOM and ... |
|
| Broadband N(2) and N(2)O CARS Spectra from a CH(4)-N(2)O Flame |
DEC 1982 |
|
| Authors:
L. E. Harris; ARMY ARMAMENT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT COMMAND DOVER NJ LARGE CALIBER WEAPON SYSTEMS LAB
|
| Broadband CARS spectra of N(2) and N(2)O have been obtained from the reaction zone and the post flame gases of a lean CH(4)-N(2)O flame using the nonplanar BOXCARS technique. The temperature and concentration of N(2) and the concentration of N(2)O were estimated from the CARS spectra with the aid of model calculations. The temperature and concentration profiles obtained allow insight into the elementary processes occurring in the flame. |
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| Two Shock Wave Physics Problems: The Macro-Micro Coupling Term and Shock Amplification in Piezoelectric Media |
NOV 1982 |
|
| Authors:
Paul Harris; ARMY ARMAMENT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT COMMAND DOVER NJ LARGE CALIBER WEAPON SYSTEMS LAB
|
| Problem 1: The transfer of momentum from internal (microscopic) to center of mass (macroscopic) coordinates is considered for a system of nonuniform mass density and typical internal coordinates. First order averaging over the mass density is shown to lead to an internal variable contribution to the center of mass velocity proportional to time to the fourth power (in the t goes to 0 limit) and proportional to the square of ... |
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| Simulation of Ammunition Production Lines |
NOV 1982 |
|
| Authors:
William Menke; David Tran; ARMY ARMAMENT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT COMMAND DOVER NJ LARGE CALIBER WEAPON SYSTEMS LAB
|
| Automated metal parts production facilities are complex because they are integrated with automated material handling systems, centralized chip transport systems, and automatic gaging; therefore, it is more difficult to predict monthly production throughput. The primary objective of this program is to develop a methodology to simulate production line behavior through computer modeling. The need to develop more reliable input data (such as MTBF and MTTR) is recognized and methodology to ... |
|
| Computer Simulation of Artillery S&A Mechanism (Involute Gear Train and Straight-Sided Verge Runaway Escapement) |
NOV 1982 |
117 pages |
| Authors:
G. G. Lowen; F. R. Tepper; ARMY ARMAMENT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT COMMAND DOVER NJ LARGE CALIBER WEAPON SYSTEMS LAB
|
| This investigation developed a computer simulation which is adaptable to the two configurations of a complete artillery safing and arming mechanism that is driven by a rotor and contains a straight-sided verge runaway escapement and a two-pass involute gear train. The mathematical model treats three motion regimes of the associated escapement; i.e., coupled motion, free motion, and impact. The computer program is well adapted to parametric studies, and it allows ... |
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| Comparison of the Optical Reflectivity of a Shock Front in Liquid Water and in Liquid Nitromethane |
NOV 1982 |
|
| Authors:
Paul Harris; Henri-Noel Presles; ARMY ARMAMENT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT COMMAND DOVER NJ LARGE CALIBER WEAPON SYSTEMS LAB
|
| Shock front optical reflectivity data for liquid water at 5.8 kbar and for liquid nitromethane at 6.0 kbar are analyzed with a reflectivity theory containing reflection within the shock front. Comparison of the analyses for water and for nitromethane leads to the conclusion that additional physics is necessary to explain the nitromethane data. It is suggested that the experimental-theoretical discrepancy for nitromethane is optical-path-length dependent, and that discrepancy is possibly ... |
|
| A Comparative Study of Very High Burning Rate Materials - HIVELITE compositions 300511 and 300435 |
AUG 1982 |
54 pages |
| Authors:
L. Avrami; R. Velicky; D. Anderson; D. Downs; ARMY ARMAMENT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT COMMAND DOVER NJ LARGE CALIBER WEAPON SYSTEMS LAB
|
| A series of safety and characterization tests were performed on a very high burning rate (VHBR) HIVELITE 300511 composition (Teledyne McCormick Selph product) in order to provide sufficient data so that a judgment can be made to qualify the material for in-service use. This composition is claimed to be less sensitive to electrostatics than HIVELITE 300435, a similar composition. The results of HIVELITE 300511 are compared to those for HIVELITE ... |
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| Computer Simulations of Artillery S&A Mechanisms (Involute Gear Train and Pin Pallet Runway Escapement) |
JUL 1982 |
|
| Authors:
G. G. Lowen; F. R. Tepper; ARMY ARMAMENT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT COMMAND DOVER NJ LARGE CALIBER WEAPON SYSTEMS LAB
|
| Computer simulations of complete safing and arming mechanisms containing pin pallet runway escapements, two- or three-pass involute gear trains and spin driven rotors were developed. The three motion regimes of the runaway escapement, i.e., coupled motion, free motion and impact, were included. In addition, the ability to consider the effects of pallets with arbitrarily located centers of mass has been introduced. Further, the contact forces of the gear trains and ... |
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| Small Caliber Weapon Rounds Counter System |
JUL 1982 |
|
| Authors:
Elspeth Huss; Michael Potorti; ARMY ARMAMENT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT COMMAND DOVER NJ LARGE CALIBER WEAPON SYSTEMS LAB
|
| The small caliber weapons rounds counter system was designed to facilitate the testing of small caliber weapons. This system detects the projectile fired by a small caliber weapon and displays the number of rounds fired or calculates the rate of fire for the weapons. |
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| The Correlation of Nitrocellulose Properties and Cellulose Feedstock Crystal Structure |
JUL 1982 |
|
| Authors:
H. J. Prask; C. S. Choi; ARMY ARMAMENT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT COMMAND DOVER NJ LARGE CALIBER WEAPON SYSTEMS LAB
|
| Studies of cellulose crystallinity are reviewed. The total-profile analysis method has been applied to x-ray diffraction data for celluloses from linter and woodpulp sources. Good agreement is obtained with published structure factors and lattice parameters from fiber studies, if a distinct amorphous profile is included in our analysis. Correlations between cellulose and nitrocellulose properties and the measured cellulose crystallographic parameters are indicated. |
|
| A New Analysis of the Unwinding Ribbon as a Delayed Arming Device |
18 JUN 1982 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
William P. Dunn; ARMY ARMAMENT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT COMMAND DOVER NJ LARGE CALIBER WEAPON SYSTEMS LAB
|
| The objective of this work was to formulate theoretical methods to enable engineers to design unwinding ribbons for use as delay arming mechanisms with reasaonable accuracy and a minimum development effort. The unwinding ribbon considered here is a 'wrapped' spring, which is a spiral spring made from flat metal stock closely wound. In the unstressed condition all the coils of the spring are touching. The results of the analysis are ... |
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| Solar Energy Applications at Army Ammunition Plants |
JUN 1982 |
|
| Authors:
Albert P. Lowry; Sam M. Moy; ARMY ARMAMENT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT COMMAND DOVER NJ LARGE CALIBER WEAPON SYSTEMS LAB
|
| The Army Ammunition Plants use significant quantities of fossil fuels. To reduce dependence on these scarce, costly, and non-renewable fuels, a study was conducted to investigate potential solar energy applications at the AAPs. Solar energy is a low-level energy source which is best applied to low temperature applications. It can be used at the AAPs to preheat boiler feedwater, provide hot air for dry-houses, provide domestic hot water and heat ... |
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| Efficiency of a General Pin Pallet Runaway Escapement |
JUN 1982 |
|
| Authors:
Frederick R. Tepper; ARMY ARMAMENT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT COMMAND DOVER NJ LARGE CALIBER WEAPON SYSTEMS LAB
|
| This study developed a technique for evaluating the torque transfer efficiency of a pin pallet runaway escapement. It represents an extension of an earlier effort. The geometry of the escapement has now been generalized and the effects of spin forces are considered. For instance, it is no longer necessary for the pallet pins to be symmetrically located, and the pallet is permitted to have a center of mass which does ... |
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| The Mechanical Behavior of Gun Propellant Grains in Interior Ballistics |
JUN 1982 |
|
| Authors:
S. Nicolaides; D. A. Wiegand; J. Pinto; ARMY ARMAMENT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT COMMAND DOVER NJ LARGE CALIBER WEAPON SYSTEMS LAB
|
| The interior ballistics problem associated with the erratic and adnormal burning of gun propellant grains is addressed interms of the mechanical behavior of the propellant. Compressive mechanical properties, grain failure, and burning performance of two triple base propellants tested as a strain rate of 1000% per second and at ambient temperatures ranging from 20 C to -60 C are presented. As the test temperature is lowered the propellants undergo a ... |
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| Removal of Explosives from Load-Assemble-Pack Wastewater (Pink Water) Using Surfactant Technology |
MAY 1982 |
|
| Authors:
Donald J. Freeman; Olin A. Colitti; ARMY ARMAMENT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT COMMAND DOVER NJ LARGE CALIBER WEAPON SYSTEMS LAB
|
| A study of surfactant treatment for ammunition plant wastewaters containing TNT and RDX (pink water) has shown that both of these toxic explosives can be removed from solution within 1 hour. The optimum conditions appear to be a combination of pH 11 and 0.4 mole of the quaternary surfactant (N, N, N', N', N' - pentamethyl N-tallow 1, 3 propane diammonium dichloride) for each mole of TNT in solution. The ... |
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| Federal and State Laws and Safety Considerations Relating to Fireworks in the United States |
MAY 1982 |
|
| Authors:
Arthur Lusardi; ARMY ARMAMENT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT COMMAND DOVER NJ LARGE CALIBER WEAPON SYSTEMS LAB
|
| The purpose of this investigation was to make a survey of the various Federal and State laws and regulations governing the importation, manufacture, transportation, storage, distribution, handling, sale, and use of fireworks in the United States. Safety precautions demanded by pyrotechnic compositions in their manufacture and use are also covered. This survey is part of a multi- nation effort to collect a repository of information that might be helpful in ... |
|
| Charcoal Regeneration - Part III. Mechanism of RDX Adsorption |
APR 1982 |
39 pages |
| Authors:
Jerome Haberman; Thomas C. Castorina; ARMY ARMAMENT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT COMMAND DOVER NJ LARGE CALIBER WEAPON SYSTEMS LAB
|
| Cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine (RDX) adsorption and solvent desorption cycling of activated carbon (FS300) have been studied as a function of various pretreatments. As with a previous TNT study, preferential plugging of pores by pretreatments did not enhance the regeneration of the FS300. Using water adsorption/desorption isotherms, the characteristics of a carbon with improved cycling properties has been elucidated. These properties are in agreement with those characteristics previously found in the study with ... |
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| Evaluation of Continuous-Cast Steel for Projectile Bodies |
APR 1982 |
|
| Authors:
Charles E. Sallade; ARMY ARMAMENT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT COMMAND DOVER NJ LARGE CALIBER WEAPON SYSTEMS LAB
|
| A quantity of 105-mm M1 projectile bodies was made from continuous- cast steel to determine the suitability of this steel for manufacture of 105-mm projectile bodies. The hot cup-cold draw forming process was used to evaluate both hot and cold forming characteristics. A metallurgical evaluation of this steel was also performed. Continuous-cast steel with a reduction in area of at least 4:1 was determined to be suitable for manufacture of ... |
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| Cars Spectroscopy of Gun Propellant Flames - Higher Hot Band and Concentration Effects |
FEB 1982 |
|
| Authors:
L. E. Harris; ARMY ARMAMENT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT COMMAND DOVER NJ LARGE CALIBER WEAPON SYSTEMS LAB
|
| Nitrogen Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering (CARS) spectra from nitrate-ester propellant flames contain several features not reported in nitrogen CARS spectra from other flames. Prominent among these features is a high intensity peak (30% maximum) 30 cm(-1) to the low energy side of the first hot band. Nitrogen CARS spectra from air/argon mixture containing from 1% to 30% air changed substantially with concentration but agreed with calculated spectra to better than ... |
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| Improved Packing and Palletization for 105-mm TP-T Cartridge M490 |
DEC 1981 |
|
| Authors:
Thomas F. Fitzgerald; James M. Spilman; James Zoll; ARMY ARMAMENT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT COMMAND DOVER NJ LARGE CALIBER WEAPON SYSTEMS LAB
|
| Work was performed to design an improved method of packing 105-mm TP- T cartridge M490. The present method of pack (two fiber containers per wood box, 12 or 15 wood boxes per skid base) was replaced by an improved method (39 improved fiber containers per pallet-type wirebound box). This change improved logistics and reduced material and transportation costs for training cartridges. |
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| Comparison of Closed Bomb Testing and Actual Firing of M1 Multipurpose Propellant |
DEC 1981 |
31 pages |
| Authors:
C. Lenchitz; L. Shulman; R. F. Young; ARMY ARMAMENT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT COMMAND DOVER NJ LARGE CALIBER WEAPON SYSTEMS LAB
|
| The effect of ignition, packaging, and initial surface area is examined for M1 propellant of varying lengths with the same composition and geometry. Quickness values are found to correlate with initial surface area and appear to relate to observed projectile velocities when modified closed bomb procedures are used. |
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| Concepts of Ideal and Nonideal Explosives |
DEC 1981 |
|
| Authors:
O. Sandus; ARMY ARMAMENT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT COMMAND DOVER NJ LARGE CALIBER WEAPON SYSTEMS LAB
|
| The purpose of this report is to stimulate discussion on the nonideality of ammonium nitrate and its composite explosives. The concept of ideal and nonideal explosives is explored, which leads to a discussion of the relationship between theory and experiment of the diameter effect. The behavior of some nonideal explosives is considered, and it is suggested that these explosives may tend to be ideal at large diameters. For composites containing ... |
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| Gun Operated Firing Device for 20-mm Ammunition |
NOV 1981 |
|
| Authors:
Roy A. Zangrando; ARMY ARMAMENT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT COMMAND DOVER NJ LARGE CALIBER WEAPON SYSTEMS LAB
|
| A new 20-mm infantry machine gun requires a self-contained power source to fire electric-primed ammunition. An exploratory development effort has demonstrated that the motion of the gas-operated weapon can generate electric power sufficient to initiate an M52 primer. This report describes the design considerations, test model, and performance of a permanent magnet firing device used to establish feasibility. |
|
| Fuze Gear Train Efficiency |
NOV 1981 |
183 pages |
| Authors:
G. G. Lowen; F. R. Tepper; ARMY ARMAMENT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT COMMAND DOVER NJ LARGE CALIBER WEAPON SYSTEMS LAB
|
| This report describes the results of an analytical study of the point efficiencies of various types of fuze gear trains. Involute and clock-tooth profiles for two and three pass step-up gear meshes which operate in spin and nonspin environments are compared, and the differences explored. The conclusions of an investigation concerning the geometrical factors which influence the point efficiencies of multipass step-up gear trains are discussed. The analyses on which ... |
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| Mesh Efficiency of the Integrated Safe/Arm Device of the Pershing II missile System |
NOV 1981 |
|
| Authors:
Frederick R. Tepper; ARMY ARMAMENT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT COMMAND DOVER NJ LARGE CALIBER WEAPON SYSTEMS LAB
|
| This report describes the results of an analytical study of the minimum point efficiencies of the gear meshes of the integrated safe/arm device (ISAD) of the Pershing II missile system. It expands earlier work on gear mesh efficiency by considering the possibility of involute meshes which have a non- unity contact ratio. Conclusions concerning the mesh efficiency as a function of the coefficient of friction, the presence of undercutting of ... |
|
| Shock Front Rise Time in Water |
OCT 1981 |
|
| Authors:
Paul Harris; Henri-Noel Presles; ARMY ARMAMENT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT COMMAND DOVER NJ LARGE CALIBER WEAPON SYSTEMS LAB
|
| A review is made of the present status of the experimental- theoretical program for the evaluation of the shock front thickness in water, and the results of recently performed hyperbolic tangent shock front structure calculations are presented. The hyperbolic tangent results, when compared with experimental data, predict a shock front thickness upper limit of 6.2 X 10 to the minus 6th power cm at 5.8 kbar. Experiments and theory planned ... |
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| Energy Conservation by Reduction of Forging Temperature for Projectiles |
OCT 1981 |
|
| Authors:
Duane Gustad; ARMY ARMAMENT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT COMMAND DOVER NJ LARGE CALIBER WEAPON SYSTEMS LAB
|
| The 155-mm M107 projectile was tested at Scranton Army Ammunition Plant at reduced forging temperatures to determine the minimum acceptable forging temperature. During the pilot study, projectiles were forged in experimental groups of 50 each at five furnace temperatures, in decrements of 37.8 C (100 F) - starting at the baseline temperature of 1,204 C (2,200 F) and ending at 982 C (1,800 F). During production evaluation, 7,539 projectiles were ... |
|
| Characterization of Pollutants at Holston Army Ammunition Plant |
OCT 1981 |
44 pages |
| Authors:
T. H. Chen; C. Campbell; W. J. Fisco; ARMY ARMAMENT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT COMMAND DOVER NJ LARGE CALIBER WEAPON SYSTEMS LAB
|
| The development of reliable analytical methodologies for the identification and qualification of explosives and related pollutants in effluent wastewaters and the results obtained by direct instrumental techniques are described. This study included the evaluation of sample degradation during storage, a comparison of solvent extraction and other concentration techniques, and the development of an isotope dilution technique. The major pollutants quantified are, in the order of decreasing abundance, 1,3,5-trinintro-1,2,5- triazacyclohexane (RDX), ... |
|
| CARS Spectroscopy of Gun Propellant Flames |
SEP 1981 |
|
| Authors:
L. E. Harris; M. E. McIlwain; ARMY ARMAMENT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT COMMAND DOVER NJ LARGE CALIBER WEAPON SYSTEMS LAB
|
| Temperature measurements were made in a slightly fuel rich, premixed, propane/air reference flame and nitrate ester propellant flames burning in air at atmospheric pressure using Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering (CARS). Both single and multiple-pulse CARS nitrogen spectra in the reference flame agreed with model spectra and the derived temperature agreed with sodium line reversal values. Single pulse CARS nitrogen spectra obtained in the propellant flames were analyzed to give temperatures ... |
|
| The Giant Viper Mine Clearing Line Charge: Characterization of Energetic Materials |
SEP 1981 |
53 pages |
| Authors:
Louis Avrami; M. S. Kirshenbaum; ARMY ARMAMENT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT COMMAND DOVER NJ LARGE CALIBER WEAPON SYSTEMS LAB
|
| Mandatory safety and characterization tests have been conducted on the following four energetic materials which are integral parts of the United Kingdom (UK) Giant Viper/Mine Clearing Line Charge. The materials tested were PE-4 Explosive (Booster), PE-6/A1 Explosive (Main Charge), EU Propellant, and S. R. 371C Pyrotechnic Composition (Igniter). The tests included composition analysis, Blasting cap test, DTA/TGA, explosion temperature test, electrostatic sensitivity, friction sensitivity, impact sensitivity, small and large scale ... |
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| Theoretical and Empirical Equations of State for Nitrogen Gas at High Pressure and Temperature |
SEP 1981 |
|
| Authors:
Theodore Vladimiroff; ARMY ARMAMENT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT COMMAND DOVER NJ LARGE CALIBER WEAPON SYSTEMS LAB
|
| Equations of state for nitrogen gas are investigated using both empirical and theoretical techniques. It was found that none of the empirical equations are accurate, thus seriously impairing the predictive capacity of current interior ballistic computer programs. Theoretical calculations which use a Lennard-Jones intermolecular potential in conjunction with the Percus-Yevic equation or the Varlet-Weis perturbation theory seem to be more accurate although the simple Lennard-Jones potential is not completely satisfactory. ... |
|
| Equipment for Automated Loading and Assembly of Mortar Propelling Charges M204 (60-mm) and M205 (81-mm) |
AUG 1981 |
|
| Authors:
Olavi F. Anderson; ARMY ARMAMENT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT COMMAND DOVER NJ LARGE CALIBER WEAPON SYSTEMS LAB
|
| This report covers the design, build, and test of prototype automated equipment to load, assemble, and pack the mortar propelling charges M204 (60-mm) and M205 (81-mm). The system produces 108 increments per minute. It is a nonsynchronous system with nine individual stations which weigh the container and propellant, fill the container, form and seal the tab, check the seal and assembly weight, and carry out critical inspections. The system is ... |
|
| The Fungal Degradation of Wood and Wood Products Selected Bibliography |
AUG 1981 |
|
| Authors:
Alfred M. Anzalone; Michael Ivankoe; ARMY ARMAMENT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT COMMAND DOVER NJ LARGE CALIBER WEAPON SYSTEMS LAB
|
| This document is a bibliography of reports, proceedings, and technical papers reporting work on the microbiological deterioration of wood and wood products primarily in tropical environments. Included are the principal types of wood used in packaging applications and the types of diseases most often encountered. Treatments, such as preservatives, coatings, fungicides, etc. , are also covered. |
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| Porosity Measurement of Combustible Cartridge Case Materials |
AUG 1981 |
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| Authors:
Charles Y. Manning; ARMY ARMAMENT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT COMMAND DOVER NJ LARGE CALIBER WEAPON SYSTEMS LAB
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| Research to develop an accurate and reproducible density test for 60- mm and 81-mm mortar propellant increment containers (combustible cartridge cases) was not successful. However, application of modern industrial porosity measurement techniques may afford superior and more applicable data than density obtained by displacement methods. Relationship to burning rate and strength is discussed. Further work to institute porosity as a specification is suggested. |
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| The Effects of Gaseous Atmospheres on the Performance Characteristics of Aluminum-Sodium Nitrate Flares |
AUG 1981 |
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| Authors:
Patricia L. Farnell; Francis R. Taylor; Anthony J. Beardell; ARMY ARMAMENT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT COMMAND DOVER NJ LARGE CALIBER WEAPON SYSTEMS LAB
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| The burning rates and the light outputs produced by burning binary mixtures of aluminum and sodium nitrate have been studied as a function of composition and of atmospheric content. Also studied were the effects of loading pressure upon the combustion process. The gaseous atmospheres investigated were mixtures of oxygen and nitrogen, argon, or helium. For all systems except those in which the composition was pressed at high loading pressure, the ... |
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| The Chemical Characterization of Pollutants in Waste Water from Volunteer Army Ammunition Plant |
AUG 1981 |
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| Authors:
C. Ribaudo; C. Campbell; S. Bulusu; W. Fisco; T. Chen; ARMY ARMAMENT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT COMMAND DOVER NJ LARGE CALIBER WEAPON SYSTEMS LAB
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| This report describes a characterization study of pollutants in waste water generated in manufacture of TNT (Trinitrotoluene) at Volunteer Army Ammunition Plant in Tennessee. The major portion of the study was devoted to separation and identification of dissolved species and estimation of the concentrations of identified components. Inorganic pollutants were identified and estimated by spark source mass spectrometry and conventional wet chemical techniques. Organic pollutants were extracted from the waste ... |
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| Determination of Nonpropagation Distances for 105-mm HEAT-T Cartridges M456 |
JUL 1981 |
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| Authors:
William M. Stirrat; ARMY ARMAMENT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT COMMAND DOVER NJ LARGE CALIBER WEAPON SYSTEMS LAB
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| A series of tests were conducted to establish the nonpropagation distances between various subcomponents and assemblies of the 105-mm HEAT-T cartridges M456. Five simulated loading line configurations were initially considered for testing: M83 primers, M148 cartridge cases, M456 projectiles, and M456 cartridges vertically and horizontally oriented. This effort was in direct support of the modernization of the Milan Army Ammunition Plant, Milan, Tennessee, but it is applicable to other similar ... |
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