| WHO 1st Consultation on the Development of a Global Biodosimetry Laboratories Network for Radiation Emergencies (BioDoseNet). Meeting Report |
Jan-2009 |
14 pages |
| Authors:
William F Blakely; Ruth C Wilkins; Phillipe Voisin; Yoshio Takashima; Horst Romm; Maria Del Rosario Perez; Natalie Maznyk; David C Lloyd; Gordon K Livingston; Patricia Lillis-Hearne; Ulrike Kulka; Michael Hopmeir; Kenzo Fujimoto; Renu Dayal-Drager; May Chin-May; Zhanat Carr; Mitsuaki A Yoshida; ARMED FORCES RADIOBIOLOGY RESEARCH INST BETHESDA MD
|
 | The World Health Organization (WHO) held a consultation meeting at WHO Headquarters, Geneva, Switzerland, December 17-18, 2007, to develop the framework for a global biodosimetry network. The WHO network is envisioned to enable dose assessment using multiple methods [cytogenetics, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), radionuclide bioassays, etc.]; however, the initial discussion focused on the cytogenetic bioassay (i.e., metaphase-spread dicentric assay). Few regional cytogenetic biodosimetry networks have been established so far. The ... |
|
| Alanine Dosimetry Accurately Determines Radiation Dose in Nonhuman Primates |
OCT 2007 |
32 pages |
| Authors:
V. Nagy; N. C. Parra; M. O. Shoemaker; T. B. Elliott; G. D. Ledney; ARMED FORCES RADIOBIOLOGY RESEARCH INST BETHESDA MD
|
| The unique capabilities of the Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute's (AFRRI) cobalt-60 (Co60) gamma-photon irradiator were used for bilateral whole-body irradiation of the nonhuman primate (NHP) Macaca mulatta. In this study, 6.5 Gy radiation was delivered at 0.4 Gy/min to 24 male NHPs 7-10 years of age weighing 7-14 kg in order to evaluate the (a) pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) of ciprofloxacin (CIP) in an irradiated non-rodent large-animal species phylogenetically ... |
|
| 5-Androstenediol Promotes Survival of Gamma-Irradiated Human Hematopoietic Progenitors Through Induction of NF-kappa B Activation and G-CSF Expression |
01 MAY 2007 |
45 pages |
| Authors:
Mang Xiao; Cynthia E. Inal; Vaishali I. Parekh; Cheng-Min Chang; Mark H. Whitnall; ARMED FORCES RADIOBIOLOGY RESEARCH INST BETHESDA MD
|
| 5-Androstenediol stimulates hematopoiesis and enhances survival in animals exposed to ionizing radiation "IR", suggesting this steroid may act on hematopoietic progenitor cells. We used γ-irradiated primary human CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells to show 5-AED protects hematopoietic cells from IR damage, as shown by enhanced cell survival clonogenicity, proliferation, and differentiation. Unlike in tumor cells, IR did not induce NF-κB "NFkB" activation in primary progenitors. However, IR stimulated IkBβ release from ... |
|
| Priority List of Research Areas for Radiological Nuclear Threat Countermeasures |
Jan-2005 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
Terry C Pellmar; Sara Rockwell; ARMED FORCES RADIOBIOLOGY RESEARCH INST BETHESDA MD
|
| To help the nation prepare for the possibility of a terrorist attack using radiological and nuclear devices, the Office of Science and Technology Policy and the Homeland Security Council established an interagency working group. The working group deliberated on the research needs for radiological/ nuclear threat countermeasures and identified and prioritized 18 areas for further attention. The highest priorities were given to research on (1) radioprotectors for use prior to ... |
|
| Medical Managment of the Acute Radiation Syndrome: Recommendations of the Strategic National Stockpile Radiation Working Group |
15 JUN 2004 |
20 pages |
| Authors:
Jamie K. Waselenka; Thomas J. MacVittie; William F. Blakely; Nicki Pesik; Albert L. Wiley; William E. Dickerson; Horace Tsu; Dennis L. Confer; Norman Coleman; Thomas Seed; ARMED FORCES RADIOBIOLOGY RESEARCH INST BETHESDA MD
|
| Physicians, hospitals, and other health care facilities will assume the responsibility for aiding individuals injured by a terrorist act involving radioactive material. Scenarios have been developed for such acts that include a range of exposures resulting in few to many casualties. This consensus document was developed by the Strategic National Stockpile Radiation Working Group to provide a framework for physicians in internal medicine and the medical subspecialties to evaluate and ... |
|
| Toxicological Evaluation of Depleted Uranium in Rats: Six-Month Evaluation Point |
FEB 1998 |
30 pages |
| Authors:
T. C. Pellmar; J. B. Hogan; K. A. Benson; M. R. Landauer; ARMED FORCES RADIOBIOLOGY RESEARCH INST BETHESDA MD
|
| The use of depleted uranium (DU) munitions during Desert Storm resulted in a unique type of battlefield casualty, DU shrapnel wounds. The toxicity associated with embedded DU may differ significantly from other metals or other routes of uranium administration. This is a 6-month interim report of an 18- month study that is designed to assess the toxicity of implanted DU pellets. This study evaluates kidney, behavioral, and neural toxicity associated ... |
|
| Altered Thyroid Axis Function in Lewis Rats with Genetically Defective Hypothalamic CRH/VP Neurosecretory Cells |
AUG 97 |
14 pages |
| Authors:
Mark H. Whitnall; Robert C. Smallridge; ARMED FORCES RADIOBIOLOGY RESEARCH INST BETHESDA MD
|
| Lewis rats display a hyporesponsive hypothalamo-pituitary- adrenocortical (HPA) axis, overproduction of cytokines, and susceptibility to inflammatory disease. The Lewis corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) neurosecretory system contains normal numbers of vasopressin (VP) deficient axon varicosities but abnormally sparse vasopressin-containing varicosities in the external zone of the median eminence, compared to the normoresponsive Sprague Dawley (SD), Wistar, and Fischer 344 strains. Since vasopressin may act as a thyrotropin-releasing factor, we hypothesized that thyroid ... |
|
| AFRRI Reports, First - Second Quarters 1997 |
AUG 97 |
91 pages |
| Authors:
ARMED FORCES RADIOBIOLOGY RESEARCH INST BETHESDA MD
|
| This volume contains AFRRI Scientific Reports SR97-1 through SR97-10 for January-June 1997. |
|
| Sensitivity of Guinea Pigs to Gamma Radiation |
APR 97 |
|
| Authors:
Sharon A. McBride; Tracy B. Kneisier; Steven M. Strocko; Roderick D. Pena; Terry C. Pellmar; ARMED FORCES RADIOBIOLOGY RESEARCH INST BETHESDA MD
|
 | Given the wide variability in the LD50/30 doses for gamma radiation in guinea pigs presented in older reports and the improvements in animal husbandry techniques over the past 25 years, this study was conducted to determine a physiologically relevant dose of gamma radiation for use in our planned gamma-radiation/nerve agent seizure threshold studies. Guinea pigs received bilateral, whole-body, midline tissue doses of 1-5 Gy of gamma rays from a Co(60) ... |
|
| Calibration, Quality Assurance, and Maintenance Program for Dosimetry Equipment and Selected Radiation Sources at AFRRI. Revision |
OCT 96 |
32 pages |
| Authors:
James C. Myska; Thomas A. Lively; ARMED FORCES RADIOBIOLOGY RESEARCH INST BETHESDA MD
|
| The AFRRI calibration and quality assurance program is laid out and described in detail. The protocols that form the foundation of this program are included for reference. The validation of a newer automated calibration system for ion chambers is also discussed. It is hoped that this document might be of use and interest to anyone who is instituting, reviewing, or modifying a calibration and quality assurance program. |
|
| AFRRI Reports: First - Second Quarters 1996 |
JUL 96 |
54 pages |
| Authors:
ARMED FORCES RADIOBIOLOGY RESEARCH INST BETHESDA MD
|
| The relationship between ionizing radiation-induced cell killing and DNA damage measured by the micronucleus and apoptosis assays was determined in three established cell lines (L929, HL-60, and Chang). Irradiation experiments revealed a dose-dependent increase of micronucleated cells until a certain dose was reached. Above this dose no further increase of the micronucleus frequency was observed, but in HL-60 and Chang cells additional DNA fragmentation was detected by morphological criteria, characteristic ... |
|
| Establishment of an Animal Model to Evaluate the Biological Effects of Intramuscularly Embedded Depleted Uranium Fragments |
JUL 96 |
20 pages |
| Authors:
Carl A. Castro; Kimberly A. Benson; Victor Bogo; Eric G. Daxon; John B. Hogan; ARMED FORCES RADIOBIOLOGY RESEARCH INST BETHESDA MD
|
| During the Persian Gulf War, 36 U.S. soldiers were wounded by depleted uranium (DU) munitions. Based on medical guidelines for conventional shrapnel injuries (nonradioactive), many DU fragments were left in soldiers. Unfortunately, health risks associated with embedded DU were unknown, and an animal model to investigate this did not exist. The purpose of this study was to develop an animal model to examine the health risks associated with DU shrapnel ... |
|
| Determination of Canine Dose Conversion Factors in Mixed Neutron and Gamma Radiation Fields |
JUL 96 |
20 pages |
| Authors:
Betty A. Torres; Ramesh C. Bhatt; James C. Myska; Bruce K. Holland; ARMED FORCES RADIOBIOLOGY RESEARCH INST BETHESDA MD
|
| The primary objective of mixed-field neutron/gamma radiation dosimetry in canine irradiation experiments conducted at the Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute (AFRRI) is to determine the absorbed midline tissue dose (MLT) at the region of interest in the canine. A dose conversion factor (DCF) can be applied to free-in-air (FIA) dose measurements to estimate the MLT doses to canines. This report is a summary of the measured DCFs that were used ... |
|
| Estimation of Radiation Risk Based on the Concept of Individual Variability of Radiosensitivity |
JUN 96 |
202 pages |
| Authors:
E. E. Kovalev; O. A. Smirnova; ARMED FORCES RADIOBIOLOGY RESEARCH INST BETHESDA MD
|
| This report was prepared for the Defense Nuclear Agency under contract number DNA001-93-C-0152. A description and analysis of mathematical models developed for two critical systems, the hematopoietic and intestinal systems, are presented. The models, based on modem theories of regulation of the hematopoietic and intestinal epithelium systems, describe the dynamics of these systems in nonirradiated mammals and in mammals exposed to acute and chronic radiation. The first model uses the ... |
|
| Combination Therapy for Radiation-Induced Bone Marrow Aplasia in Nonhuman Primates Using Synthokine SC-55494 and Recombinant Human Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor |
15 MAY 1996 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Thomas J. MacVittle; Ann M. Farese; Francis Herodin; Lisa B. Grab; Charles M. Baum; John P. McKearn; ARMED FORCES RADIOBIOLOGY RESEARCH INST BETHESDA MD
|
| Combination cytokine therapy continues to be evaluated in an effort to stimulate multilineage hematopoietic reconstitu- tion after bone marrow myelosuppression. This study evalu- ated the efficacy of combination therapy with the synthetic interleukin-3 receptor agonist, Synthokine-SC55494, and recombinant methionyl human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) on platelet and neutrophil recovery in nonhuman primates exposed to total body 700 cGy 60Co gamma radiation. After irradiation on day (d) 0, cohorts of animals ... |
|
| Combined Administration of Recombinant Human Megakaryocyte Growth and Development Factor and Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor Enhances Multilineage Hematopoietic Reconstitution in Nonhuman Primates after Radiation-Induced Marrow Aplasia |
MAY 1996 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Ann M. Farese; Pamela Hunt; Lisa B. Grab; Thomas J. MacVittie; ARMED FORCES RADIOBIOLOGY RESEARCH INST BETHESDA MD
|
| This study compared the therapeutic potential of recombinant, native versus pegylated megakaryocyte growth and development factor "rMGDF and PEG-rMGDF, respectively", as well as that of the combined administration of PEG-rMGDF and r-methionyl human granulocyte colonystimulating factor "r-metHuG-CSF" on hematopoietic reconstitution after 700 cGy 60Co gamma, total body irradiation in nonhuman primates. After total body irradiation animals received either rMGDF, PEG-rMGDF, r-metHuGCSF, PEG-rMGDF and r-metHuG-CSF, or HSA. Cytokines in all MGDF ... |
|
| AFRRI Reports, Fourth Quarter 1995. October - December 1995 |
FEB 96 |
71 pages |
| Authors:
ARMED FORCES RADIOBIOLOGY RESEARCH INST BETHESDA MD
|
| This volume contains AFRRI Scientific Reports SR95-22 through SR95-28 for October-December 1995. |
|
| AFRRI Report Third - Fourth Quarters 1996 |
96 |
57 pages |
| Authors:
ARMED FORCES RADIOBIOLOGY RESEARCH INST BETHESDA MD
|
| Table contents: Effect of chloral hydrate on in vivo KCl-induced striatal dopamine release in the rat. Effect of ionizing radiation on in vivo striatal release of dopamine in the rat. Transient and persistent experimental infection of nonhuman primates with Helicobacter pylori: Implications for human disease. Indomethacin attenuation of radiation-induced hyperthermia does not modify radiation-induced motor hypoactivity. Behavioral toxicity and radioprotective efficacy of WR-15l327 in combination with adenosine receptor antagonists. Chromatographic ... |
|
| Comparison of the Effects of Typical and Atypical Anxiolytics on Learning in Monkeys and Rats |
96 |
|
| Authors:
P. J. Winsauer; M. A. Bixler; P. C. Mele; ARMED FORCES RADIOBIOLOGY RESEARCH INST BETHESDA MD
|
| Atypical anxiolytics such as buspirone have been reported to produce fewer disruptive effects on complex behaviors than some typical anxiolytics from the benzodiazepine class. To extend this analysis, several drugs from both drug classes were directly compared in two species (rhesus monkeys and rats) using a repeated-acquisition procedure. In monkeys responding under a multiple schedule of reinforcement consisting of acquisition (learning) and performance components, buspirone (0.032-0.56 mg/kg), 8-hydroxy-dipropylaminotetralin (8-OH- DPAT;0.032-0.56 ... |
|
| AFRRI Reports, Third Quarter, July - September 1995 |
NOV 95 |
53 pages |
| Authors:
ARMED FORCES RADIOBIOLOGY RESEARCH INST BETHESDA MD
|
| This volume contains AFRRI Scientific Reports SR95-17 through SR95-21 for July-September 1995. |
|
| AFRRI Reports, Third Quarter 1995. July-September 1995 |
NOV 95 |
53 pages |
| Authors:
ARMED FORCES RADIOBIOLOGY RESEARCH INST BETHESDA MD
|
| This volume contains AFRRI Scientific Reports SR95-17 through SR95-21 for July-September 1995. |
|
| AFRRI Reports, Second Quarter, April - June 1995 |
AUG 95 |
|
| Authors:
ARMED FORCES RADIOBIOLOGY RESEARCH INST BETHESDA MD
|
|
| AFRRI Reports, Fourth Quarter 1994 |
FEB 95 |
57 pages |
| Authors:
ARMED FORCES RADIOBIOLOGY RESEARCH INST BETHESDA MD
|
| This volume contains AFRRI Scientific Reports SR94-22 through SR94-27 for October-December 1994. Partial contents: Application of the constant time technique to transformation experiments with fission neutrons: Failure to demonstrate dose-dependence: Ionizing radiation increases endothelial and epithelial cell production of influenza virus and leukocyte adherence: Therapeutic efficacy of recombinant human leukemia inhibitory factor in a primate model of radiation-induced marrow aplasia: Role of nitric oxide synthase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase ... |
|
| AFRRI Reports, First Quarter 1995, January - March 1995 |
95 |
100 pages |
| Authors:
ARMED FORCES RADIOBIOLOGY RESEARCH INST BETHESDA MD
|
| This volume contains AFRRI Scientific Reports SR95-1 through SR95-10 for January-March 1995. Cytogenetic detection of kinetochore proteins using the CREST antibody coupled with secondary antibodies labeled with different fluorescent probes has been optimized for several in vitro mammalian cell lines. This study investigated selected parameters including the influence of common fixatives (methanol, ethanol, methanol : acetic acid (3: 1)), detergents (Triton-XlOO, Tween), fluorescent probes (CY3, BODIPY, FITC), washing protocols, and ... |
|
| AFRRI Reports, Third Quarter 1994 |
OCT 94 |
62 pages |
| Authors:
ARMED FORCES RADIOBIOLOGY RESEARCH INST BETHESDA MD
|
| This volume contain AFRRI Scientific Reports SR94-15 through SR94-21 for July-September 1994. |
|
| AFRRI Reports, Second Quarter 1994 |
AUG 94 |
|
| Authors:
ARMED FORCES RADIOBIOLOGY RESEARCH INST BETHESDA MD
|
|
| Analysis of Chronic Radiation Sickness Cases in the Population of the Southern Urals |
AUG 94 |
94 pages |
| Authors:
M. M. Kossenko; A. A. Akleyev; M. O. Degteva; V. P. Kozheurov; R. G. Degtyaryova; ARMED FORCES RADIOBIOLOGY RESEARCH INST BETHESDA MD
|
| This report was prepared for the Defense Nuclear Agency under contract number DNAOO1-92-M-0658. The report is based on information obtained from a 40-year follow-up of people exposed to radiation due to discharges of radioactive waste from an industrial facility, the Mayak Production Association, into the Techa-Iset river system. The results of the medical follow-up have been described in a number of articles published in scientific journals in Russia. This report ... |
|
| The Role of Interleukin-6 in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Weight Loss, Hypoglycemia and Fibrinogen Production, in Vivo |
JUL 1994 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Gideon Strassmann; Miranda Fong; Sandra Windsor; Ruth Neta; ARMED FORCES RADIOBIOLOGY RESEARCH INST BETHESDA MD
|
| It was recently shown that interleukin (IL)-6 is an important mediator involved in the Colon (C)-26 model of experimental cancer cachexia. In this study, we wished to determine whether IL-6 is also involved in several metabolic changes associated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. Administration of a relatively high amount of LPS to mice induced a transient weight loss, hypoglycemia, Hypertriglyceridemia and an increase in the hepatic acute phase reactant, fibrinogen. pretreatement ... |
|
| AFRRI Reports, First Quarter 1994 |
JUN 94 |
68 pages |
| Authors:
ARMED FORCES RADIOBIOLOGY RESEARCH INST BETHESDA MD
|
| Partial contents: Quinolone and glycopeptide therapy for infection in mouse following exposure to mixed-field neutron-gamma-photon radiation; Deficits in the sensitivity of striatal muscarinic receptors induced by (56)Fe heavy- particle irradiation: Further 'age-radiation' parallel; Synaptic transmission in the hippocampus: Critical role for glial cells; Single and combination cytokine therapies for treatment of radiation-induced hematopoietic injury: Effects of c- kit ligand and interleukin-3; Mast cell growth factor enhances multilineage hematopoietic recovery in ... |
|
| The TRIGA Reactor Facility at the Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute: A Simplified Technical Description. revision |
JAN 94 |
22 pages |
| Authors:
Mark L. Moore; ARMED FORCES RADIOBIOLOGY RESEARCH INST BETHESDA MD
|
| This publication provides a simplified technical description of the TRIGA research reactor at AFRRI. Topics covered include general principles of reactor operation and a description of the TRIGA reactor and its unique features. |
|
| AFRRI Reports, Fourth Quarter 1993 |
JAN 94 |
|
| Authors:
ARMED FORCES RADIOBIOLOGY RESEARCH INST BETHESDA MD
|
|
| Nutritional Support of Irradiated Intestine |
94 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
Venkataraman Srinivasan; Andre Dubois; ARMED FORCES RADIOBIOLOGY RESEARCH INST BETHESDA MD
|
| Eating, digestion, and the presence of food within the intestinal lumen produce a series of complex physiological responses that result in the growth of gastrointestinal ((31) mucosa and the maintenance of gut mass. Pancreaticobiliary secretion and hormones such as insulin and thyroxine as well as trophic hormones are known to substantially influence the (31 tract morphology and function. The presence of food in the (31 tract directly affects mucosal growth ... |
|
| Energy and Charge Localization in Irradiated DNA |
1994 |
23 pages |
| Authors:
C. E. Swenberg; Jr. Myers L. S.; J. H. Miller; ARMED FORCES RADIOBIOLOGY RESEARCH INST BETHESDA MD
|
| The relation between the site of energy deposition and the site of its biological action is an important question in radiobiology. Even at 77 degrees K, evidence is clear that these two sites must be separated since energy deposition is random but specific products are formed. Several processes that may contribute to this separation are: hole migration and stabilization through deprotonation to give neutral oxidation product radicals; electron trapping and ... |
|
| Mast Cell Growth Factor (C-Kit Ligand) in Combination with Granulocytemacrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor and Interleukin-3: In Vivo Hemopoietic Effects in Irradiated Mice Compared to in Vitro Effects |
1994 |
16 pages |
| Authors:
M. L. Patchen; R. Fischer; T. J. MacVittie; F. R. Seiler; D. E. Williams; ARMED FORCES RADIOBIOLOGY RESEARCH INST BETHESDA MD
|
| In the presence of hemopoietic cytokines such as granulocyte- macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin-3 (IL-3), mast cell growth factor (MGF; also known as steel factor, stem cell factor, and c-kit ligand) has proven to be a potent hemopoietic regulator in vitro. In these studies, we examined the in vivo effects of MGF in combination with GM-CSF or GM-CSF plus IL-3. Effects were based on the ability of these cytokines ... |
|
| Natural Gastric Infection with Helicobacter pylori in Monkeys: A Model for Spiral Bacteria Infection in Humans |
1994 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
Andre Dubois; Nancy Fiala; Lillie M. Heman-Ackah; E. S. Drazek; Andrzej Tarnawski; ARMED FORCES RADIOBIOLOGY RESEARCH INST BETHESDA MD
|
| There is no generally accepted model for Helicobacter pylori infection in humans. The aim of this study was to examine the natural history and effect of treatment in rhesus monkeys and sequentially define the immune response to H. pylori in relation to treatment. |
|
| Characterization of Regulatory Volume Decrease in the THP-1 and HL-60 Human Myelocytic Cell Lines |
1994 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Elaine K. Gallin; Toni M. Mason; Arie Moran; ARMED FORCES RADIOBIOLOGY RESEARCH INST BETHESDA MD
|
| Exposure to hypotonic stress produces a transient increase in cell volume followed by a regulatory volume decrease (RVD) in both THP-1 and HL-60 cells. In contrast, cells exposed to hypotonic stress in a high K/low Na Hanks' solution not only failed to volume regulate, but displayed a secondary swelling. Thus, while an outward K gradient was required for RVD, the secondary swelling indicated that hypotonic stress increased permeability in the ... |
|
| Effects of Radiation on Survival and Recovery of T Lymphocyte Subsets in C3H/HeN Mice |
1994 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
J. L. Williams; M. L. Patchen; J. H. Darden; W. E. Jackson; ARMED FORCES RADIOBIOLOGY RESEARCH INST BETHESDA MD
|
| The aims of this study were to determine the radiosensitivities of murine thymic and splenic CD4(+) and CD8(+) lymphocytes and to evaluate the regeneration of these cells in a model of radiation-induced hematopoietic and immune suppression. CD4(+) and CD8(+) cells were quantitated using two-color flow-cytometric analysis. Cells obtained from C3H/HeN mice 24 hours after exposure to 0.25-8.0 Gy (0.4 Gy/min) Co(60) were used to determine D values. Thymic CD4+ cells ... |
|
| Single and Combination Cytokine Therapies for Treatment of Radiation- Induced Hematopoietic Injury: Effects of c-kit Ligand and Interleukin-3 |
1994 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
M. L. Patchen; R. Fischer; T. J. MacVittie; F. Seiler; D. E. Williams; ARMED FORCES RADIOBIOLOGY RESEARCH INST BETHESDA MD
|
| One of the most recent cytokines implicated in hematopoietic regulation is c-kit ligand, also known as mast cell growth factor (MGF), steel factor (SLF), and stem cell factor (SCF) (1-3). The c-kit ligand has been ascribed numerous hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic effects, although it was initially identified and purified based on its ability to stimulate mast cell growth (2-5). Multiple studies have focused on the in vitro effects of this factor, ... |
|
| Mast Cell Growth Factor Enhances Multilineage Hematopoietic Recovery in Vivo Following Radiation-Induced Aplasia |
1994 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
M. L. Patchen; R. Fischer; E. A. Schmauder-Chock; D. E. Williams; ARMED FORCES RADIOBIOLOGY RESEARCH INST BETHESDA MD
|
| Based on in vitro studies, mast cell growth factor (MGF; also known as steel factor, stem cell factor, and c-kit ligand) has been implicated as an important hematopoietic regulator, especially in the presence of additional hematopoietic cytokines. Since hematopoietic regeneration follows sub-lethal radiation-induced hematopoietic injury and is though to be mediated by endogenously produced cytokines, the ability to accelerate recovery from radiation-induced hematopoietic hypoplasia was used to evaluate in vivo ... |
|
| Ulstrastructural Localization of Tumour Necrosis Factor-Alpha |
1994 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Elsa A. Schmauder-Chock; Stephen P. Chock; Myra L. Patchen; ARMED FORCES RADIOBIOLOGY RESEARCH INST BETHESDA MD
|
| The application of an antibody tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) to thin sections of plastic-embedded mouse tissue has identified sites of TNF activity in normal and endotoxin-treated C3N/HeN mice. Prior to endotoxin treatment, TNF was observed in the secretory granules of the antibacterial Paneth cell and one type of crypt endocrine cell. Four hours after endotoxin treatment, these two types of intestinal cell were found to have degranulated. In addition, endotoxin ... |
|
| AFRRI Reports, Third Quarter 1993 |
OCT 93 |
38 pages |
| Authors:
ARMED FORCES RADIOBIOLOGY RESEARCH INST BETHESDA MD
|
| The adherence of undifferentiated 51 Cr-labeled HL-60 (0.5 x 106 HL- 60 cells/well) cells was monitored on influenza virus-infected HUVEC monolayers. Whereas only 3.0 + or - 1.6% (n = 36) of HL-60 cells adhered to uninfected HUVEC, adherence was increased to 41.7 + or - 2.2% (n = 6), 79.7 + or - 1.2% (n = 6), 83.9 + or - 0.7% (n = 6), and 84.4 + or ... |
|
| Increased Fibrinogen Synthesis in Mice During the Acute Phase Response: Co-Operative Interaction of Interleukin 1, Interleukin 6, and Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist |
SEP 1993 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
Hanna Rokita; Ruta Neta; Jean D. Sipe; ARMED FORCES RADIOBIOLOGY RESEARCH INST BETHESDA MD
|
| Interleukin 6 (IL-6) stimulates fibrinogen (Fg) gene expression both in vivo and in vitro; while interleukin 1 (IL-1) paradoxically stimulates in vivo, yet inhibits in vitro, Fg synthesis. The naturally occurring interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) and passive immunization with anti-IL-6 antiserum were used to study the in vivo mechanism of action of IL-1 on Fg gene expression. Changes in plasma FG and hepatic Fg mRNA concentrations were measured following ... |
|
| AFRRI Reports. Second Quarter 1993, for April Through June 1993 |
AUG 93 |
68 pages |
| Authors:
ARMED FORCES RADIOBIOLOGY RESEARCH INST BETHESDA MD
|
| The mechanisms by which interleukin-1 (IL-1) stimulates hematopoiesis are not clear. We have previously shown that in vivo administration of IL-1 indirectly increases IL-1 receptor (IL-1R) expression on both immature and mature bone marrow (BM) cells, partly due to IL-1-induced hematopoietic growth factor (HGF) production. Because IL-1 also stimulates the hypothalamic pituitary-adrenal axis resulting in the production of glucocorticoids (GC), we assessed whether in vivo treatment with HGF and glucocorticoids ... |
|
| Analysis of the TRIGA Reactor Pool Water |
AUG 93 |
30 pages |
| Authors:
John Dickson; Robert George; Leslie Moore; Mark Moore; ARMED FORCES RADIOBIOLOGY RESEARCH INST BETHESDA MD
|
| The reactor at AFRRI is a Mark F, 1 megawatt TRIGA (training, research, isotope, General Atomic) reactor. The reactor hangs in a cloverleaf- shaped tank that contains 15,000 gallons of demineralized water. The aluminum tank varies in thickness from 1/4 inch for the exposure room projections to 1/2 inch for the tank bottom. Eighty percent of the reactor building and all of the reactor tank are below ground level. Algae ... |
|
| Characterization of Influenza Virus-Induced Leukocyte Adherence to Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cell Monolayers |
01 JUL 1993 |
14 pages |
| Authors:
Margaret Colden-Stanfield; Don Ratcliffe; Eva B. Cramer; Elaine K. Gallin; ARMED FORCES RADIOBIOLOGY RESEARCH INST BETHESDA MD
|
| The adherence of undifferentiated Cr-labeled HL-60 (0.5 x10(6) HL-60 cells/well) cells was monitored on influenza virus-infected HUVEC monolayers. Whereas only 3.0 -- 1.6% (n = 36) of HL-60 cells adhered to uninfected HUVEC, adherence was increased to 41.7 -- 2.2% (n = 6), 79.7 - 1.2% (n = 6), 83.9 - 0. 7% (n = 6), and 84.4 + or - 0.5% (n = 6) on HUVEC infected for 7 ... |
|
| Estrogen and Hydroxysteroid Sulfotransterases in Guinea Pig Adrenal Cortex: Cellular and Subcellular Distributions |
01 JUN 1993 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
Mark H. Whitnall; W. J. Driscoll; Y. C. Lee; Charles A. Strott; ARMED FORCES RADIOBIOLOGY RESEARCH INST BETHESDA MD
|
| This report describes for the first time the cellular and subcellular localization of estrogen sulfotransferase (EST) as well as the subcellular localization of hydroxysteroid sulfotransferase (HST) in the mammalian adrenal cortex. A 34-kilodalton EST and two HSTs with 3 alpha- and 3 Beta-hydroxysteroid substrate specificities (32 and 33 kilodaltons, respectively) were previously purified from guinea pig adrenal cortex and characterized. Western blots were used to establish that two antisera generated ... |
|
| Emergency Plan for the Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute and AFRRI Reactor Facility |
JUN 93 |
|
| Authors:
ARMED FORCES RADIOBIOLOGY RESEARCH INST BETHESDA MD
|
|
| AFRRI Reports, First Quarter 1993 |
MAY 93 |
81 pages |
| Authors:
ARMED FORCES RADIOBIOLOGY RESEARCH INST BETHESDA MD
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| Contents include the following: (1) Effects of WR-1065 and WR-151326 on survival and neoplastic transformation in C3H/10T1/2 cells exposed to TRIGA or JANUS fission neutrons; (2) Behavioral differences of irradiated persons associated with the Kyshtym, Chelyabinsk, and Chernobyl nuclear accidents; (3) Involvement of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in attenuation of radiation-induced hyperthermia; (4) Implication of nitric oxide synthase in radiation-induced decrease in hippocampal noradrenaline release in rats; (5) Energy ... |
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| Reference Dosimetry for the 1992 NATO Battlefield Dosimetry Intercomparison at the Army Pulse Radiation Facility |
APR 93 |
21 pages |
| Authors:
Leon J. Goodman; Betty A. Torres; James C. Myska; Brian Veit; Mark Oliver; ARMED FORCES RADIOBIOLOGY RESEARCH INST BETHESDA MD
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| A NATO Dosimetry Study was performed from 23 March to 3 April 1992 at the Army Pulse Radiation Facility (APRF), Aberdeen Proving Grounds, Aberdeen, Maryland. This study was designed to determine the accuracy of battlefield dosimeters in a simulated tactical environment, and to compare the different NATO dosimeters in simple, well-defined radiation fields. Dosimeters were irradiated in four radiation fields; in free air (FIR) and on the surface of Polyethylene ... |
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| Protocol for Monitoring Gulf War Veterans with Imbedded Fragments of Depleted Uranium |
MAR 93 |
24 pages |
| Authors:
Eric G. Daxon; ARMED FORCES RADIOBIOLOGY RESEARCH INST BETHESDA MD
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| This protocol will implement two separate but complementary efforts. The first is the clinical follow-up of Desert Storm patients with known or suspected imbedded depleted uranium (DU) fragments, DU contaminated wounds or significant amounts of inhaled DU. The second is the conduct of research into the toxicological and radiological effects of this unique exposure modality |
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