| IPNVG Fixed-Focus Diopter Study |
2003 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Share-Dawn P. Angel; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB WRIGHT-PATTERSONAFB OH VISUAL DISPLAY SYSTEMS
|
 | Integrated Panoramic Night Vision Goggles (IPNVGs) are the prototype night vision goggles (NVGs) and may be the next generation of NVGs. The AN/AVS-9 (F-4949) NVGs, worn by Air Force aircrews, have continuously adjustable eyepieces (from +2.0 diopters (D) to -6.0 D). Unlike the F-4949s, IPNVGs have a fixed-focus eyepiece at -1.0 D. However, previous research has shown that some operators are very insistent that their visual acuity is impaired if ... |
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| Evaluation of a Portable Computer With a Wireless Transflective Display for Use in Avionics Cockpits |
2002 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Frederick M. Meyer; Paul S. Sandhu; Denise L. Aleva; Darrel G. Hopper; Sam J. Longo; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB WRIGHT-PATTERSONAFB OH VISUAL DISPLAY SYSTEMS
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| Display technologies are being developed to enable commercial products like electronic paper, electronic tablets, and wireless information appliances. These products offer an opportunity for evaluation to determine their suitability for use in the cockpit environment and other defense applications. It is important to evaluate the maturity of a new technology alternative, in this case a transflective active matrix liquid crystal display (AMLCD), before considering its use in critical applications. This ... |
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| Reflective Display Characterization: Temporal and Spatial Viewability Measurements of Holographic Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal (HPDLC) Display Samples |
2002 |
16 pages |
| Authors:
Frederick M. Meyer; Denise L. Aleva; Sam J. Longo; Terry L. Trissell; Robert F. Schwartz; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB WRIGHT-PATTERSONAFB OH VISUAL DISPLAY SYSTEMS
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| Holographically formed polymer dispersed liquid crystal (HPDLC) materials meet the requirements for a video rate reflective display. In order to produce a saturated color from a Bragg reflector, the number of index changing layers becomes critical. The fabrication process affects the number of layers forming the reflector, and, as a result, the bandwidth and optical characteristics, including reflection intensity, direction, and spread, of the reflector. The cell thickness and the ... |
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| NVG Eyepiece Focus (Diopter) Study |
2001 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Share-Dawn Angel; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB WRIGHT-PATTERSONAFB OH VISUAL DISPLAY SYSTEMS
|
| Technology is advancing to the point where night vision goggle designs being developed have wider fields of view to help achieve an increase in situational awareness. The appropriate diopter setting for the eyepiece of these goggles needed to be determined. Aircrew members were surveyed to determine the range of diopter settings they were using. In order to determine what fixed setting would work the best, two diopter settings were chosen ... |
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| Night Vision Goggle Cockpit Integration |
09 OCT 2000 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Mike Sedillo; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB WRIGHT-PATTERSONAFB OH VISUAL DISPLAY SYSTEMS
|
| Integrating NVGs into aircraft with incompatible interior designs limits performance and presents safety and operational concerns to the flying communities. Non- ejection safe NVGs and their corresponding carrying case presents a space dilemma forcing pilots to contend with where to safely store the goggles. An example of this occurred when the carrying strap entangled the flight controls of an A-10. Interior aircraft lighting not compatible with the spectral sensitivity of ... |
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| 1000 X Difference Between Current Displays and Capability of Human Visual System: Payoff Potential for Affordable Defense Systems |
2000 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
Darrel G. Hopper; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB WRIGHT-PATTERSONAFB OH VISUAL DISPLAY SYSTEMS
|
| Displays were invented just in the last century. The human visual system evolved over millions of years. The disparity between the natural world display and that sampled by year 2000 technology is more than a factor of one million. Over 1000X of this disparity between the fidelity of current electronic displays and human visual capacity is in 2D resolution alone. Then there is true 3D, which adds an additional factor ... |
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| Further Evaluation of Methods for Producing Desired Colors on CRT monitors |
2000 |
16 pages |
| Authors:
David L. Post; Christopher S. Calhoun; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB WRIGHT-PATTERSONAFB OH VISUAL DISPLAY SYSTEMS
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| Three experiments were performed to evaluate methods for predicting the luminances and chromaticity coordinates produced by color CRT monitors, given known inputs. Linear and logarithmic versions of PLCC and PLVC, plus Berns, Motta, and Gorzynski's power function, were tested. Estimates are provided for the number of CRT measurement points needed to maximize each method's predictive accuracy. Correcting for unintended light from the monitor is shown to improve accuracy substantially for ... |
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| Reality and Surreality of 3-D Displays: Holodeck and Beyond |
2000 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Darrel G. Hopper; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB WRIGHT-PATTERSONAFB OH VISUAL DISPLAY SYSTEMS
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| Most 3D displays are really just 3D models projected on 2D devices. Such 2D views sample key features of human vision processing of 3D scenes, via techniques such as converging lines and hidden surfaces, to depict relative depth. Yet, human vision actually processes more information from 3D scenes than can be captured by 2D sensors or presented on 2D displays. Approaches to true 3D and their applications will be reviewed. ... |
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| Helmet-Mounted Display Targeting Symbology Color Coding: An Air-to-Air Scenario Evaluation |
1999 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
Eric E. Geiselman; David L. Post; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB WRIGHT-PATTERSONAFB OH VISUAL DISPLAY SYSTEMS
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| Laboratory and flight test evaluations have consistently demonstrated the potential for helmet-mounted display (HMD) presented information to enhance air combat performance. The Air Force Research Laboratory's (AFRL's) Helmet- Mounted Sight Plus (HMS+) program seeks to provide further enhancement by enabling the presentation of multi-color symbology and sensor imagery. To take proper advantage of color-capable HMDs, systematic evaluations must be conducted to identify the best color-coding techniques. The experiment described here ... |
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| 21ST Century Aerospace Defense Displays |
1999 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
Darrel G. Hopper; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB WRIGHT-PATTERSONAFB OH VISUAL DISPLAY SYSTEMS
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| Aerospace and defense during the next few years will be dominated by the active matrix liquid crystal display, which became the preferred avionics displays technology in 1992. The trend just begun to replace electromechanical and cathode ray tube technologies with newer flat panel displays will accelerate in the 2000-2010 period as the commercial market continues its move towards digital flat television. Beyond 2010 high definition displays will begin to have ... |
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| A Vision of Displays of the Future |
1999 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
Darrel G. Hopper; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB WRIGHT-PATTERSONAFB OH VISUAL DISPLAY SYSTEMS
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| Electronic display is a young technology. Only for a few decades have such displays been in common use. Now many applications provide 0.5-1 million picture element (megapixel) visual interfaces in two-dimensions with acceptable grayscale, frame rate, and so forth. However, the human visual system is capable of more than 1,000 megapixels (1 gigapixel) in three-dimensions. Thus, much opportunity remains. A vision of how fast we may close this gap during ... |
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| Updated Defense Display Market Assessment |
1999 |
30 pages |
| Authors:
Daniel D. Desjardins; Darrel G. Hopper; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB WRIGHT-PATTERSONAFB OH VISUAL DISPLAY SYSTEMS
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| This paper addresses the number, function and size of principal military displays and establishes a basis to determine the opportunities for technology insertion in the immediate future and into the next millennium. Principal military displays are defined as those occupying appreciable crewstation real-estate and/or those without which the platform could not carry out its intended mission. DoD office applications are excluded from this study. The military displays market is specified ... |
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| Practical Considerations for Fixed Wing Helmet-Mounted Display Symbology Design |
1999 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
Eric E. Geiselman; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB WRIGHT-PATTERSONAFB OH VISUAL DISPLAY SYSTEMS
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| Helmet-mounted displays (HMDs) may become a primary source of head-up information in future tactical aircraft. In evaluations, HMDs have produced improved situation awareness and mission performance. To realize this improved performance, HMD equipped pilots spend significantly more time looking off-axis, away from traditional displays. Accordingly, it is important that HMD information be designed so targeting and ownship status symbology is effective and safe. The U. S. Air Force Research Laboratory ... |
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| Aerospace Display Requirements: Aftermarks and New Vehicles |
1999 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
Darrel G. Hopper; Daniel D. Desjardins; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB WRIGHT-PATTERSONAFB OH VISUAL DISPLAY SYSTEMS
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| Vehicle displays share common requirements across broad spectra of land, air, sea, and space applications. Opportunities exist for technology co- investment in both revolutionary new display concepts and the affordable maintenance of currently fielded capabilities. |
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| Benefits of Color Coding Weapons Symbology for An Airborne Helmet- Mounted Display |
1999 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
David L. Post; Eric E. Geiselman; Charles D. Goodyear; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB WRIGHT-PATTERSONAFB OH VISUAL DISPLAY SYSTEMS
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| We assessed the advantages of a color-coded weapons symbology for a helmet-mounted display over monochrome symbology by measuring military pilots' performance while they flew air-to-air combat in a simulator. This pilots fired missiles significantly sooner without sacrificing probability of kill when using the color-coded symbology, demonstrating a substantial benefit of color. Actual or potential applications of this work include the design of color codes for helmet-mounted and other displays that ... |
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| Development of a Non-Distributed Flight Reference Symbology for Helmet- Mounted Display Use During Off-Boresight Viewing |
1999 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
Eric E. Geiselman; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB WRIGHT-PATTERSONAFB OH VISUAL DISPLAY SYSTEMS
|
| The primary purpose of the helmet-mounted display (HMD) for the fixed-wing tactical application is to provide target acquisition information to the pilot. The HMD and the information associated with it should first be designed to get the pilot's eyes on a target and to help lead a weapon sensor to a point of interest. In parallel arises both the capability and the need to provide other types of information via ... |
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| Realizing the Increased Potential of an Open System High Definition Digital Projector Design |
1999 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Reginald Daniels; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB WRIGHT-PATTERSONAFB OH VISUAL DISPLAY SYSTEMS
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| Modern video projectors are becoming more compact and capable. Various display technologies are very competitive and are delivering higher performance and more compact projectors to market at an ever quickening pace. However the end users are often left with the daunting task of integrating the off the self projectors into a previously existing system. As the projectors become more digitally enhanced, there will be a series of designs, as the ... |
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| Performance Specification Methodology: Introduction and Application to Displays |
1998 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
Darrel G. Hopper; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB WRIGHT-PATTERSONAFB OH VISUAL DISPLAY SYSTEMS
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| Acquisition reform is based on the notion that DoD must rely on the commercial marketplace insofar as possible rather than solely looking inward to a military marketplace to meet its needs. This reform forces a fundamental change in the way DoD conducts business, including a heavy reliance on private sector models of change. The key to more reliance on the commercial marketplace is the performance specification (PS). This paper introduces ... |
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| Photographic Assessment of Dark Spots in Night Vision Device Images |
1998 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Peter L. Marasco; Alan R. Pinkus; H. L. Task; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB WRIGHT-PATTERSONAFB OH VISUAL DISPLAY SYSTEMS
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| Visible defects in night vision device (NVD) images, arising from image intensifier (I2) tube defects and dirt on the device's optics, can become more than cosmetic blemishes. They can act as visual distractions and may be large enough to mask critical information pilots need to conduct normal night vision operations. This paper is concerned with the assessment of NVD dark spots. Current methods of assessing dark spots examine only the ... |
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| Predicting Color Breakup on Field-Sequential Displays: Part 2 |
1998 |
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| Authors:
D. L. Post; A. L. Nagy; P. Monnier; C. S. Calhoun; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB WRIGHT-PATTERSONAFB OH VISUAL DISPLAY SYSTEMS
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 | We measured color-breakup thresholds for a simple field-sequential color stimulus while varying its luminance, contrast, and retinal velocity. Data analysis yielded an equation that predicts whether color breakup will be visible for specified viewing conditions. We compare this equation with an earlier version and discuss its uses and limitations. |
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