| Opportunities for Electrochemical Capacitors as Energy-Storage Solutions in Present and Future Navy and Marine Corps Missions |
31 Dec 2009 |
32 pages |
| Authors:
Jeffrey W Long; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC
|
 | Electrochemical capacitors (ECs) are an emerging class of energy-storage devices whose performance metrics span the critical gap that presently exists between the high power density derived from electrostatic capacitors and the high energy density of batteries. Because of their distinctive operational characteristics, there is growing interest in developing and deploying EC technologies for civilian and military applications, ranging from microelectronics to hybrid-electric generation systems to backup power, all of which ... |
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| A Pulsed Power System Design Using Lithium-ion Batteries and One Charger per Battery |
Dec 2009 |
101 pages |
| Authors:
Frank E Filler; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| The work documented in this thesis realizes a small-scale implementation of a Battery Management System (BMS) that has the charging, storage, and discharge capabilities to meet scaled down requirements of a pulsed power system. Further, this work establishes a flexible battery research and testing capability resident at the Naval Postgraduate School (NPS). The designed architecture will provide this flexibility by providing the capability to change charging methodologies and types of ... |
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| Lithium-Air Battery Research |
Dec 2009 |
33 pages |
| Authors:
Nookala Munichandraiah; INDIAN INST OF SCIENCE BANGALORE (INDIA) DEPT OF INORGANIC AND PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
|
| Lithium-air battery is considered as one of the highest energy density batteries for various future applications. There are only limited studies reported in the literature on this battery system. In the present project studies, various aspects related to fabrication of air electrode and assembly of Li-air (or, oxygen) cells are undertaken. Firstly, several carbon samples are screened to fabricate air electrodes, and they are tested by assembling Li-air cells in ... |
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| Adhoc Wireless Network Control: Energy Efficiency and Hidden Terminal Considerations |
Dec 2009 |
43 pages |
| Authors:
Leandros Tassiulas; UNIVERSITY OF THESSALY VOLOS (GREECE)
|
| We investigated challenges of wireless networks design with focus on energy management on battery dependent devices and the impact of a new hidden terminal problem on the operational efficiency of wireless networks. In the first part of this work we consider the optimal control of wireless networks operating with rechargeable batteries under general arrival, channel and recharge processes. The objective is to maximize total system utility while satisfying energy/power constraints. ... |
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| U.S. Army CERDEC Field Evaluation and Testing of Soldier and Man-Portable Fuel Cell Power Sources. CERDEC C2D Army Power Division, Power Sources Branch |
19 NOV 2009 |
24 pages |
| Authors:
Jonathan Novoa; Michael Dominick; Shailesh Shah; Marnie de Jong; J. J. Kowal; ARMY COMMUNICATIONS ELECTRONIC RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ENG CTR APG MD
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| An update on CERDEC fuel cell technology research, development, and demonstration is provided. |
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| Energy Storage Commonality Military vs. Commercial Trucks |
27-Oct-2009 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
Joseph K Heuvers; TACOM RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT AND ENGINEERING CENTER WARREN MI GROUND VEHICLE POWER AND MOBILITY
|
| There are three distinct requirements for Military Energy Storage: * Starting, Lighting and Ignition - Batteries provide electric power to start the vehicle power generation (Engines / APUs); * Hybrid Vehicle Boost Acceleration and Regenerative Braking Energy Capture - In hybrid vehicle powertrains, batteries have the ability to supplement main engine power for burst accelerations. In addition, batteries can be used to recover wasted energy in vehicle braking; * Silent ... |
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| Performance Specification for the Battery Monitoring System of the Program Executive Office Ground Combat Systems (PEO GCS) |
26-Oct-2009 |
51 pages |
| Authors:
PROJECT MANAGER HEAVY BRIGADE COMBAT TEAM WARREN MI
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| This specification covers the performance, test, manufacture and acceptance requirements for the Battery Monitoring System (BMS). |
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| Performance Evaluation of Commercial CFx Materials in Lithium Batteries |
Oct-2009 |
16 pages |
| Authors:
Jeffrey Read; Michelle Marx; Jeffrey Wolfenstine; Sheng Zhang; Don Foster; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ADELPHI MD SENSORS AND ELECTRON DEVICES DIRECTORATE
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| The performance of six different commercially available carbon monofluoride (CFx) materials were evaluated at four different discharge rates. The physical and chemical properties of the CFx materials were correlated to cell performance in lithium coin cells. This study was undertaken to determine if there are specific physical or chemical properties that can be tied to performance and if modification of these properties could lead to an improved carbon monofluoride material. ... |
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| Adaptation and Speciation in Genetic Modeling of Physical Systems |
15 Sep 2009 |
17 pages |
| Authors:
Albert H Zimmerman; AEROSPACE CORP EL SEGUNDO CA ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY GROUP
|
| A genetic algorithm has been used to allow a population of first principles lithium-ion(Li-ion) battery cell models to adapt to a database obtained from life-testing 50-Ah Li-ion cells. This adaptive process allows the fundamental processes that control the cell performance to be extracted from the life test data. During the process of genetic adaptation, the population of battery cell models has been observed to separate into two distinct species of ... |
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| Heat Transfer in the LCCM Thermal Reserve Battery |
Sep 2009 |
169 pages |
| Authors:
Frank C Krieger; Michael Ding; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ADELPHI MD SENSORS AND ELECTRON DEVICES DIRECTORATE
|
| Volumetric energy densities of the LCCM (Low Cost Competent Munition) thermal battery were increased by 25% over those of a previously miniaturized benchmark LCCM battery primarily by using improved battery construction and thermal management techniques (1,2). Experimental results and calculations indicate that the LCCM benchmark battery thermal lifetimes can be increased by 200% over the original benchmark value of 90 s, and that the volumetric energy density can be increased ... |
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| Intercalation Dynamics in Lithium-Ion Batteries |
Sep 2009 |
162 pages |
| Authors:
Damian Burch; MASSACHUSETTS INST OF TECH CAMBRIDGE DEPT OF MATHEMATICS
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| A new continuum model has been proposed by Singh, Ceder, and Bazant for the ion intercalation dynamics in a single crystal of rechargeable-battery electrode materials. It is based on the Cahn-Hilliard equation coupled to reaction rate laws as boundary conditions to handle the transfer of ions between the crystal and the electrolyte. In this thesis, I carefully derive a second set of boundary conditions necessary to close the original PDE ... |
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| Catalytic Combustion of Ethanol and Butanol |
Sep 2009 |
22 pages |
| Authors:
Douglas A Behrens; Ivan C Lee; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ADELPHI MD SENSORS AND ELECTRON DEVICES DIRECTORATE
|
| The combustion of energy dense liquid fuels in a catalytic micro-combustor is an attractive alternative to cumbersome batteries. To miniaturize the reactor, I developed an evaporation model to calculate the minimum distance required for complete droplet vaporization. By increasing the ambient temperature from 298 K to 325 K, the distance required for complete evaporation of a 6.5 micron droplet decreases from 3 to 0.15 cm. A platinum mesh acted as ... |
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| Compact Reliable Robust (CORE) Power System for Auxiliary Power Applications |
17 Aug 2009 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
Mehdi Namazian; Kenneth Lux; Guha Venkataraman; William Elder; Archana Bhalerao; Dan Maslach; Kevin Centeck; ALTEX TECHNOLOGIES CORP SUNNYVALE CA
|
| Under support from TARDEC, an effort to develop a 10 kWe compact reliable robust power system for combat-vehicle applications is well underway. This system operates on battlefield-spec JP-8 to provide silent auxiliary power for the vehicle. The reformer converts JP-8 into a hydrogen rich reformate. The power system combines the reformer with a High-Temperature PEM (HTPEM) fuel-cell stack that retains the quick startup time of a PEM fuel-cell stack while ... |
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| Final Report for USDoD ARO Grant No. W911NF-05-1-0282 (University of Minnesota) |
14-Aug-2009 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
Georgios B Giannakis; MINNESOTA UNIV MINNEAPOLIS
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| Power efficiency issues are investigated across layers for use in tactical communications among battery-operated wireless sensor networks (WSNs) and wireless MANET nodes. Fundamental limits, practical guidelines, specific algorithms at the physical, data link, and application layers as well as performance analysis of tactical networks are developed when power optimization (as opposed to, e.g., throughput or delay, pursued by existing approaches) is the ultimate goal. Challenges addressed include the harsh interference ... |
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| Novel Electro-Analytical Tools for Phase-Transformation Electrode Materials |
13 Aug 2009 |
18 pages |
| Authors:
Chunsheng Wang; Yujie Zhu; MARYLAND UNIV COLLEGE PARK DEPT OF CHEMICAL AND BIOMOLECULAR ENGINEERING
|
| We measured and compared phase transformation accommodation energy (AE) for Li(4)Ti(5)O(12) and LiFePO(4) with different particle size by using of galvanostatic intermittent titration (GITT). The results showed that charge AE was larger than that for discharge; The AE for the 1st cycle was larger than next cycles due to inducing of defects; Because of smaller volume difference, AE of Li(4)Ti(5)O(12) was lower than that of LiFePO(4); AE of LiFePO(4) with ... |
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| Feasibility and Design Implications of Fuel Cell Power for Sealift Vessels |
Aug 2009 |
32 pages |
| Authors:
Jing Sun; NAVAL SURFACE WARFARE CENTER CARDEROCK DIV BETHESDA MD
|
| Fuel cell technologies provide clean and efficient power solutions for both stationary and mobile applications. For shipboard applications, most studies published so far have focused on ship service power or on propulsion power for small vessels with moderate power requirements. Using a military sealift vessel as the platform, this project aims at investigating the implications of implementing fuel cells as the primary power source on a large military cargo ship. ... |
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| Investigation of Hydrogen Storage in Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes for Fuel Cells |
17-Jul-2009 |
30 pages |
| Authors:
Kombiah Iyakutti; MADURAI KAMARAJ UNIV (INDIA)
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| Out of the four systems(NH3, AlH3, NiH3 and BH3) theoretically investigated, the single walled Carbon Nanotube (SWCNT) functionalized with BH3 is found to be suitable hydrogen storage medium. It has hydrogen storage capacity, 11.5 wt% and the corresponding H2 desorption temperature is 306 K. The system has to be fine tuned for a better performance. |
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| Genetic Modeling of Battery Performance |
10 Jul 2009 |
35 pages |
| Authors:
Albert H Zimmerman; AEROSPACE CORP EL SEGUNDO CA
|
| A state-of-the-art, first-principles lithium-ion cell model has been used to describe the changes in the performance of a 50- Ah cell during the first 7563 cycles of its life. This model was fit to the life test database using a genetic adaptation algorithm that provided degradation trends for nine different parameters that described the processes most likely to undergo change during the life of the cell. Based on the model ... |
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| Air Force Research Laboratory |
08-Jun-2009 |
36 pages |
| Authors:
Leo Marple; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH
|
| Agenda: * About AFRL * Sample Technology Efforts - Portable, renewable power generation, storage, and distribution to self-self configuring grids; - Low-cost, configurable, multi-purpose micro-satellites; - Low-cost micro-satellite launch platforms; - Long-life, high-density power storage and management; - Precision location and navigation independent of GPS * Summary |
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| Evaluation of Commercial-off-the-Shelf Lithium Batteries for Use in Ballistic Telemetry Systems |
Jun-2009 |
28 pages |
| Authors:
Edward F Bukowski; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD WEAPONS AND MATERIALS RESEARCH DIRECTORATE
|
| As technological advances continue to be made in the commercial sectors of portable and wireless communication products, additional advancements in battery technology have also been made. These advancements have allowed for the rapid growth of a large variety of commercially available batteries which have the capability to meet or even exceed the current power and size requirements for numerous ballistic telemetry systems. The replacement of a custom built battery with ... |
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| American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009. Department of Defense Near Term Energy-Efficient Technologies Program Plan |
15 May 2009 |
25 pages |
| Authors:
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE WASHINGTON DC
|
| The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Recovery Act) provides $300 million in funding for the Department of Defense Research, Development, Test, and Evaluation (RDT&E). This program investigates technologies that can satisfy capability gaps, present opportunities for military applications, or spur initiatives within industry. Efforts focus on engine efficiencies; cost-effective solar energy photovoltaics; fuel cells; alternative fuel testing; mobile waste-to-energy; and tactical micro-grids. RDT&E provides significant benefits to the ... |
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| Hawaii Energy and Environmental Technologies (HEET) Initiative |
May-2009 |
208 pages |
| Authors:
Michael J Jr; Richard E Rocheleau; Guido Bender; Maheboob Virji; Antal; Michael J Cooney; Bor Y Liaw; Stephen M Masutani; HAWAII UNIV HONOLULU
|
| This report covers efforts by the Hawaii Natural Energy Institute of the University of Hawaii under the ONR-funded HEET Initiative that addresses critical technology needs for exploration/utilization of seabed methane hydrates and development/testing of advanced fuel cells and fuel cell systems. Methane hydrates work included: hydrate thermochemistry and kinetics; environmental impacts of methane release from seafloor hydrates; hydrate engineering applications; and international collaborative R&D. In the fuel cell area, accomplishments ... |
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| Fuel Cell Vehicle Fleet and Hydrogen Infrastructure at Hickam Air Force Base |
27 Apr 2009 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
Thomas L Quinn; HAWAII CENTER FOR ADVANCED TRANSPORTATION TECHNOLOGIES HONOLULU HI
|
| The US Air Force Advanced Power Technology Office (APTO) at Robins Air Force Base (AFB), Georgia, and the Hawaii Center for Advanced Transportation Technologies (HCATT) formed a partnership in 2001 to establish a National Demonstration Center at Hickam AFB in Honolulu, Hawaii. The Center's mission is to facilitate the demonstration and validation of the latest fuel-efficient and environmentally compliant technologies for use in ground vehicles, support equipment, Basic Expeditionary Airfield ... |
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| Lightweight Wearable Power Energized by Pentagon's Prize Program |
27 Apr 2009 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Allyn C Buzzell; ADEPTUS ASSOCIATES MIDDLETOWN MD
|
| The sophisticated electronic devices and sensors that give our dismounted warriors an edge on the battlefield also make them prodigious consumers of energy. Helmet-mounted displays, night-vision devices, image intensifiers, satellite radios, computers, laser range finders, global positioning systems, robots, and autonomous vehicles - all these technologies are straining the ability of ground combat personnel to carry adequate power sources to operate them. |
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| TARDEC's Power and Energy Vision |
27 Apr 2009 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Grace M Bochenek; Thomas Mathes; Sonya Gargies; Orest Tarnavsky; Patsy Muzzell; Mary Goryca; Mark Stanczak; Carrie Deming; ARMY TANK AUTOMOTIVE RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT CENTER WARREN MI
|
| The Army is confronting power and energy challenges from national security issues related to foreign oil consumption, (including) the monetary and human costs of oil for DoD operations and climate change, with innovation in technology and the evolution of the current DoD fleet to more efficient combat systems. Driven by these challenges, TARDEC is taking on initiatives to lead the Army on fuel and energy with advancements in fuel efficiency, ... |
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| Special Issue on Powering the Future Force: New Power & Energy Technologies for the Warfighter (AMMTIAC Quarterly, Volume 4, Number 1 / WSTIAC Quarterly, Volume 9, Number 1) |
27 Apr 2009 |
101 pages |
| Authors:
DEFENSE TECHNICAL INFORMATION CENTER FORT BELVOIR VA
|
| Energy is a force multiplier - and a limitation. Energy efficiency increases maneuverability, agility, and makes our forces more expeditionary. However, our new systems require ever increasing energy, during a time when getting fuel to forward locations is considered an operation, with vulnerable supply lines requiring additional security forces. The Secretary of Defense recognized this tension three years ago when he established the DoD Energy Security Task Force. The Task ... |
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| Materials and Manufacturing Challenges of Direct Methanol Fuel Cells |
27 Apr 2009 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Arumugam Manthiram; TEXAS UNIV AT AUSTIN
|
| Fuel cells are attractive power sources for a variety of Department of Defense (DoD) needs. Among the various types of fuel cells, direct methanol fuel cells (DMFC) are particularly well-suited for mobile applications (such as soldier power, unmanned underwater systems, and communication devices) since DMFCs employ easily manageable liquid methanol fuel with excellent energy storage densities. However, the adoption of DMFC technology has been hampered by high system costs and ... |
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| Hydrogen Fuel Cell: Research Progress and Near-Term Opportunities |
27 Apr 2009 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
Christy Cooper; DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY WASHINGTON DC
|
| The United States faces some energy challenges that if not resolved will negatively affect our security, economy, and environment. The country depends on foreign oil for transportation, and greenhouse gases and other criteria pollutant emissions need to be reduced. There is no single solution to these critical problems; rather they require a multifaceted approach. Hydrogen, together with advanced biofuels, plug-in hybrids, and other energy efficient transportation technologies, can be an ... |
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| A Novel Desulfurizer-Catalyst Combination for Logistic Fuel Reforming |
27 Apr 2009 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
Abdul-Majeed Azad; Desikan Sundararajan; TOLEDO UNIV OH
|
| Many different approaches will be required to provide the warfighter with a full spectrum of power and energy solutions. One of the more promising of these is fuel cell technology. However, some of the major hurdles for fuel cells to clear include developing suitable hydrogen-rich fuels to sustain them and being able to produce these fuels in both an efficient and environmentally-friendly manner. This article is a summary of leading ... |
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| An Overview of Novel Power Sources for Advanced Munitions |
27 Apr 2009 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Karen Amabile; Richard Dratler; Chuck McMullan; Hai-Long Nguyen; Carlos Pereira; Michael Ding; Frank Kreiger; Jeff Swank; ARMY ARMAMENT RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT AND ENGINEERING CENTER PICATINNY ARSENAL NJ
|
| Today's advanced gun-fired munitions require power sources with increased power and energy densities, all in a smaller package. US Army Armament Research Development & Engineering Center (ARDEC) has developed innovative power sources that offer a viable tactical solution for military applications and address the power life cycle of smart munitions. Novel power sources for advanced munitions were developed at ARDEC under an Army Technology Objective (ATO) titled Fuze and Power ... |
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| New Fluorinated and Sulfonated Block Copolymers Final Report |
23-Apr-2009 |
60 pages |
| Authors:
Samuel P Gido; Jimmy W Mays; Suxiang Deng; Mohammed K Hassan; Kenneth A Mauritz; MASSACHUSETTS UNIV AMHERST
|
| A new class of fluorinated and sulfonated block copolymers was synthesized and characterized with respect to morphology using TEM and small angle X-ray and neutron scattering. Proton and methanol transport properties were evaluated with a view toward using these materials for fuel cell membranes. The materials formed microphase separated morphologies, which were generally less well ordered than unfluorinated and sulfonated block copolymers. |
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| Clean Energy for the Commonwealth Powered by UMass |
15 APR 2009 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
Paul T. Kostecki; MASSACHUSETTS UNIV AMHERST
|
| The Clean Energy Working Group is a system-wide collaboration at the University of Massachusetts. This briefing reports on the key research areas and the progress made. |
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| Branched Nanowire Architectures for Compact Power Sources |
13 Apr 2009 |
20 pages |
| Authors:
Charles M Lieber; HARVARD UNIV CAMBRIDGE MA OFFICE FOR RESEARCH CONTRACTS
|
| Efficient compact power sources are critical to future mobile technologies, yet limitations with existing sources have restricted development. The objective of this research is to exploit advances in nanoscience to enable new capabilities in compact biofuel cells. The research program has focused on (i) controlled synthesis and characterization of nanowire building blocks that can function as probes of fundamental biofuel cell processes, (ii) development of novel methods for hierarchical assembly ... |
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| Development of Microbial and Enzymatic Fuel Cells for Bio-Inspired Power Sources |
Mar-2009 |
31 pages |
| Authors:
Fatih Dogan; Shelley Minteer; MISSOURI UNIV-ROLLA DEPT OF MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
|
| This report is based on some of the revolutionary concepts described in the Road Map on Bioinspired Power Systems within the AFRL/RW Campus Challenge II. Development of biofuel cell concepts integrated with fuel regeneration and energy storage capabilities are proposed to create a compact and self sustaining power system. The first part of this work identified a sediment based microbial fuel cell that could power small electronics and maintain electrical ... |
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| Evaluation of Saft Ultra High Power Lithium Ion Cells (VL5U) |
Feb-2009 |
24 pages |
| Authors:
Jan L Allen; T R Jow; Jeff Read; Wishvender Behl; Wesley Tipton; Thomas Salem; Donald Porschet; Kang Xu; Jeff Wolfenstine; Sonya Gargies; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ADELPHI MD SENSORS AND ELECTRON DEVICES DIRECTORATE
|
| We evaluated Saft Ultra High Power (UHP) cells (Saft designation VL5U) to determine their rate capability, low temperature performance, storage, and cycle life. The energy and power density at 5 A (1C) were 45 Wh/kg and 55 W/kg, respectively; at 1000 A (200C) were 25 Wh/kg and 10 kW/kg, respectively; and at a 500 A rate, the energy densities were 35, 29, and 29 Wh/kg at 20, -20, and -40 ... |
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| Liquid Metal Anode for JP-8 Fuel Cell |
15-Jan-2009 |
63 pages |
| Authors:
Thomas Tao; Ralph White; Stephen Klotz; CELLTECH POWER LLC WESTBOROUGH MA
|
| Report developed under STTR contract W911NF-08-C-0075 for topic A08-T007. JP-8 is a high-energy density liquid fuel available to the soldier, but its electrochemical oxidation in a fuel cell is problematic. The purpose of this effort is to advance the development of a liquid metal based fuel cell operating directly on JP-8 for application in a field portable battery charger. During Phase 1 an evaluation was performed of a range of ... |
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| Advanced Automotive Battery Initiative |
14-Jan-2009 |
16 pages |
| Authors:
Sonya Gargies; Eric Kallio; Paul F Skalny; TACOM RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT AND ENGINEERING CENTER WARREN MI
|
| This initiative will provide the military with the highest quality domestically produced components at the lowest possible price. It will also provide domestic vehicle makers with a viable, cost effective domestic supply base for advanced automotive batteries. Support of an American base will also ensure that the military and domestic vehicle makers have access to future technological improvements of battery technology. This objective will be met by establishing a detailed ... |
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| TechSolutions 11: An Introduction to Power and Energy |
01 Jan 2009 |
16 pages |
| Authors:
Benjamin D Craig; Brett J Ingold; Owen R Conniff; ADVANCED MATERIALS MANUFACTURING AND TESTING INFORMATION ANALYSIS CENTER ROME NY
|
| This article provides a brief overview of some of the most common sources of power and energy. It certainly is not comprehensive, but it does provide a short background for many of the technical areas of power and energy presented in the other articles in this publication. Power and energy enable the use of the most advanced weapons, electronics, vehicles, and facilities available to the warfighter. Without consistent and reliable ... |
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| First Principles Hierarchical Selection and Testing of Anion Receptors for High Specific Energy Lithium-Fluoride Batteries |
Jan 2009 |
37 pages |
| Authors:
William West; Mario Blanco; CALIFORNIA INST OF TECH PASADENA
|
| New anion receptors have been designed, modeled, synthesized, and tested at the battery cell level for use in dual ion intercalating batteries. In particular, a promising new class of cyclic fluorophenyl boronic acid anhydride (fluorophenyl boroxine) anion receptors was identified. The binding energetics of these compounds to fluoride can be readily varied by tailoring the degree of fluorination on the phenyl moieties or by substituting alternative fluorinated moieties. To the ... |
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| NMR Studies of Mass Transport in New Conducting Media for Fuel Cells |
Jan 2009 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
Steve G Greenbaum; HUNTER COLL NEW YORK
|
| Our laboratory's main activity in connection with this grant has been to develop and implement NMR-based analytical tools to characterize water, methanol, and charge transport in PEM membrane materials provided by research collaborators at other universities and research centers, including AFRL. NMR spectroscopy provides information on different structural environments of multicomponent PEM films, for example those containing phosphoric acid and ionic liquids. Dynamical processes are probed at the short range ... |
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| Synthesis and Electrochemical Properties Characterization of SnO2-coated LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 Cathode Material for Lithium Ion Batteries |
Jan 2009 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Ping Yang; Chuang-fu Zhang; Jing Zhan; You-qi Fan; Jian-hui Wu; CENTRAL SOUTH UNIV OF TECHNOLOGY CHANGSHA (CHINA)
|
| LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 cathode materials have been coated with SnO2 (3% wt) by heterogeneous nucleation process to improve its electrochemical performances and the physical and electrochemical properties were studied. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) images show that there is a uniform coating on the modified materials and the X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns show that the structure of LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 is not affected by the SnO2 coating. The electrochemical tests indicate that the SnO2-coated ... |
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| Defining the Operational Conditions for High Temperature Polymer Fuel Cells in Naval Environments |
31 Dec 2008 |
17 pages |
| Authors:
Yannick Garsany; Olga Baturina; Karen Swider-Lyons; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC
|
| A new high-temperature polymer fuel cell is emerging, based on phosphoric-acid-doped polybenzimidazole (PBI) membranes. PBI technology combines some of the benefits of both Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs) and phosphoric acid fuel cell technologies: a solid polymer electrolyte, the PBI membrane, but with higher temperature (160 degrees C) operation. PBI membrane technology is far less developed than that for PEMFCs, but it is rapidly emerging as a possible candidate ... |
|
| The SPRING Nanoenergetics Hub at UTD |
Dec-2008 |
99 pages |
| Authors:
John Ferraris; TEXAS UNIV AT DALLAS
|
| The objective of this proposed research, to be carried out as part of the Strategic Partnership for Research in Nanotechnology, or SPRING (in collaboration with AFRL/MLMT, Rice University, the University of Texas, Arlington and the University of Texas, Austin), is the synthesis and processing of advanced nanostructured materials, the structure and property characterization needed for materials optimization, the fabrication of sophisticated structures, and device testing in the areas of energy ... |
|
| Propulsion and Power Rapid Response R&D Support Delivery Order 0041: Power Dense Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Systems: High Performance, High Power Density Solid Oxide Fuel Cells - Materials and Load Control |
Dec-2008 |
52 pages |
| Authors:
Stephen W Sofie; Steven R Shaw; Peter A Lindahl; Lee H Spangler; MONTANA STATE UNIV BOZEMAN
|
| High Performance, High Power Density Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: Materials: The current geometry and materials set of the state-of-the-art anode supported cell (ASC) yields several deficiencies that limit the performance and robustness of the cell/stack under demanding aero based operational requirements. These deficiencies are embodied in poor gas transport through mechanically strong anodes, the limited use of cerium oxide in the anode due to unfavorable thermal expansion, and the poor ... |
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| Desulfurization of Logistic Fuels for Fuel Cell Apus |
Dec-2008 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
John Monroe; Gokhan Alprekin; Ambalavanan Jayaraman; Margarita Dubovik; Matthew Schaefer; Kristin Bradley; TDA RESEARCH INC WHEAT RIDGE CO
|
| The sulfur level in logistic fuels is very high; up to 3,000 ppmw S for jet fuels (JP-8, JP-5) and 10,000 ppmw S for naval distillate (NATO F-76) compared to the commercial gasoline (30 ppmw S) and diesel (15 ppmw S). The effective utilization of logistic fuels in fuel cell applications requires removal of refractory sulfur species (organosulfur compounds) to below 0.1 ppm. Sulfur removal is critical for fuel cells ... |
|
| Direct Methanol Fuel Cell Systems for Future Force Warriors: From Experimental and Simulations for Water and Methanol Crossover and Recycling to High Performance Fuel Cell Systems |
Dec-2008 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Deryn Chu; Rongzhong Jiang; Scott Feldman; Joseph Kowal; Dave Schimmel; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ADELPHI MD SENSORS AND ELECTRON DEVICES DIRECTORATE
|
| To produce a high power and high energy density direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) system, it must use neat methanol as a fuel, and water produced at the cathode must be recycled. Based on Faradic reactions for DMFC, a series of theoretical equations over the entire discharge current ranges were explored and developed to model and simulate water and methanol crossover in a DMFC stack. The performance of the DMFC ... |
|
| Nanofoil Heating Elements for Thermal Batteries |
Dec-2008 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Gary Chen; Jay C Poret; Michael Ding; Frank Krieger; Jeffrey Swank; Charles McMullan; SCIENCE APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL CORP PICATINNY ARSENAL NJ
|
| Nano-layered Al-Ni bimetallic foils are materials capable of self-propagation with either an external thermal or electrical stimuli. A study was performed to investigate the feasibility of using these materials as an alternative heat source for thermal batteries. Properties studied were flame front propagation velocity (both in absolute terms and in relation to that in the heat paper), ignitibility, heat of reaction, and electrical resistance. Additionally, two-cell and four-cell prototype batteries ... |
|
| A Survey of Power Source Options for a Compact Battery Charger for Soldier Applications |
Dec 2008 |
24 pages |
| Authors:
S Gilman; D Chu; B Geil; B Morgan; T Podlesak; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ADELPHI MD SENSORS AND ELECTRON DEVICES DIRECTORATE
|
| Typical Soldier power requirements are at the level of tens of watts of average power for missions that can last from 1 (present) to 3 (future) days. The Army's policy, going back almost to the dawn of wireless communication and extending to relatively recent times, has been to rely on primary batteries to supply those power needs for combat and realistic training scenarios and to rely on rechargeable batteries mainly ... |
|
| Multifunctional Structural Composite Batteries for U.S. Army Applications |
Dec 2008 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
J F Snyder; D M Baechle; E D Wetzel; K Xu; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD WEAPONS AND MATERIALS RESEARCH DIRECTORATE
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| We are developing structural polymeric composites with battery functionality. These devices carry structural loads while simultaneously storing electrochemical energy. If designed with sufficient structural and energy efficiency, these materials could enable significant system-level weight reductions by replacing inert structural components while providing supplementary power for light load applications. To enable this concept, we have designed mechanical load-bearing properties directly into the battery electrodes and electrolyte such that each component is ... |
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| TARDEC's Ground Vehicle Power and Energy Overview (Slides) |
17 Nov 2008 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Paul Rogers; TACOM RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT AND ENGINEERING CENTER WARREN MI
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| Tank Automotive Research, Development & Engineering Center (TARDEC) is a major element of RDECOM and partner in the TACOM Life-Cycle Management Command. It is responsible for research, development and engineering support to 2,800 Army systems and many of the Army's and DOD's Top Joint Warfighter Development Programs. A holistic system level approach is required to achieve the future military ground vehicle power and energy requirements focusing both on reducing the ... |
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Electrochemical Energy Storage
