| Iron and Prochlorococcus |
Jun-2009 |
254 pages |
| Authors:
Anne W Thompson; WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION MA
|
 | Iron and primary productivity in the oceans are linked through photosynthesis. At the global scale iron induces phytoplankton blooms during addition experiments. At the atomic scale, iron is involved in photosystem I, the most efficient light-harvesting complex in nature. Yet, we know little of how iron influences microbial diversity and distribution. Here, we assess the influence of iron on the ecology of Prochlorococcus. With its minimal genome and ubiquity in ... |
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| Regional Disease Vector Ecology Profile. Southeast Asia |
Jun-2009 |
168 pages |
| Authors:
ARMED FORCES PEST MANAGEMENT BOARD WASHINGTON DC
|
| Disease Vector Ecology Profiles (DVEPs) summarize unclassified literature on medically important arthropods, vertebrates and plants that may adversely affect troops in specific countries or regions of the world. Primary emphasis is on the epidemiology of arthropod-borne diseases and the bionomics and control of disease vectors. DVEPs have proven to be of significant value to commanders, medical planners, preventive medicine personnel, and particularly medical entomologists. These people use the information condensed ... |
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| Ecosystem Predictions with Approximate vs. Exact Light Fields |
27-Mar-2009 |
24 pages |
| Authors:
Curtis D Mobley; SEQUOIA SCIENTIFIC INC BELLEVUE WA
|
| Ten-year simulations were performed using a coupled physical-biological-optical ocean ecosystem model with both simple analytic and accurate EcoLight numerical computations of the in-water irradiances. The predicted chlorophyll concentrations differed by tens of percent over the course of 10-year simulations. The EcoLight code runs with less than a 30% increase in nm time, which providing several advantages than cannot he obtained with an analytic light model. These advantages are as follows. ... |
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| Acoustic and Visual Monitoring for Cetaceans Along the Outer Washington Coast |
01-Mar-2009 |
45 pages |
| Authors:
John Calambokidis; Greg Schorr; Erin Falcone; Erin M Oleson; John A Hildebrand; SCRIPPS INSTITUTION OF OCEANOGRAPHY LA JOLLA CA
|
| Since July 2004, visual and acoustic monitoring efforts for marine mammals have been conducted in waters off the outer Washington coast. These efforts have been specifically to determine the seasonal occurrence of marine mammal species and to estimate their relative abundances, particularly in the area of the proposed expansion of the U.S. Navy's Quinault Underwater Tracking Range (QUTR) of the Northwest Range Complex. This has resulted in the first multi-year, ... |
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| Everglades: The Catalyst to Combat the World Water Crisis |
27-Feb-2009 |
50 pages |
| Authors:
Pantano; Alfred A Jr; ARMY WAR COLL CARLISLE BARRACKS PA
|
| Life including mankind will not survive on earth without sufficient clean fresh water. The world is facing a water crisis of apocalyptic proportion. In part, the crisis was created by well-intended actions, waste, and ambivalence of mankind. The crisis is intensified by rampant development, exponential population growth, and climate change. There are parallel solutions to the crisis. They include conservation and reuse of water, desalination of seawater, and timely restoration ... |
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| Evaluation of DOD Priority Species at Risk (SAR) and Applications for Remote Sensing |
Feb-2009 |
42 pages |
| Authors:
Michael V Campbell; Stephen D Newman; Scott A Tweddale; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER CHAMPAIGN IL CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING RESEARCH LAB
|
| The presence of species on military training lands that could potentially be listed as threatened or endangered as defined under the Endangered Species Act as Species at Risk (SAR) may result in increased training restrictions if they were to be listed. Accurate and repeatable remote sensing methods in combination with field surveys are required to quantify the presence, and to characterize and monitor the spatial extent of SAR or their ... |
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| Prairies Water Management on Corps Lands |
Feb-2009 |
17 pages |
| Authors:
Pamela Bailey; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS
|
| The purpose of this technical note is to identify and describe how prairie lands affect water quality, quantity, and yield into the receiving bodies of streams, rivers, and lakes. The physical and biological processes are described in the context of the functions prairies provide in maintaining water quality and quantity: 1) filtration, 2) soil formation, 3) nutrient cycling, and 4) controlling water runoff. This note also recommends best management practices ... |
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| Environmental Assessment to Replace Utility Poles at Bear Creek and Coast Road, Vandenberg Air Force Base, California |
Feb-2009 |
32 pages |
| Authors:
Phillip W Rieger; CIVIL ENGINEER SQUADRON (30TH) VANDENBERG AFB CA ENVIRONMENTAL FLIGHT
|
| Environmental Assessment of the effects of replacing two utility poles at VAFB, CA to raise the utility lines crossing Bear Creek, and thus allow transfer of new missile satellite along this route. Higher lines required because new satellite fairing is larger than those previously transported to the launch complex accessed by this route. Significant issues discussed in the EA included effects on Threatened and Endangered Species and Cultural Resources. Consultation ... |
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| Military Medical Care: Questions and Answers |
29-Jan-2009 |
18 pages |
| Authors:
Don J Jansen; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| The primary mission of the military health system, which includes the Defense Department's hospitals, clinics, and medical personnel, is to maintain the health of military personnel so they can carry out their military missions, and to be prepared to deliver health care during wartime. The military health system also provides health care services through either Department of Defense (DOD) medical facilities, known as military treatment facilities or MTFs as space ... |
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| Frontiers of Karst Research: Proceedings and recommendations of the workshop held in San Antonio, Texas on 3-5 May 2007. Karst Waters Institute Special Publication 13 |
08-Jan-2009 |
131 pages |
| Authors:
William B White; Jonathan B Martin; KARST WATERS INST CHARLES TOWN WV
|
| This project was a Workshop, held in San Antonio, Texas, May 3-5, 2007. The objective of the workshop was to assess the current state of knowledge of karst aquifers, caves, and the broader scientific values that could be derived from their study. The term karst is used to describe landscapes underlain by soluble rocks and as a result has developed landforms such as sinkholes, sinking streams, and caves. Such landscapes ... |
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| Screening of Various Herbicide Modes of Action for Selective Control of Algae Responsible for Harmful Blooms |
Jan-2009 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
Angela G Poovey; Michael D Netherland; Carole A Lembi; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS COASTAL AND HYDRAULICS LAB
|
| This research seeks to identify reduced risk chemical compounds that have selective activity against harmful algal blooms (HAB). The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers is responsible for managing numerous large reservoirs throughout the country, and the recent proliferation of HAB and the limited tools available for controlling these nuisance algae at a large scale have caused many Corps resource managers to seek non-conventional control methods. Numerous herbicides that target plant-specific ... |
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| Applying an Avian Index of Biological Integrity to Assess and Monitor Arid and Semi-arid Riparian Ecosystems |
Jan-2009 |
23 pages |
| Authors:
Michael P Guilfoyle; James S Wakeley; Richard A Fischer; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS
|
| Effective tools to monitor and evaluate ecosystem change are needed to measure the impacts of human activity and determine whether ecosystem protection or restoration are needed or are even reasonable options to minimize continued degradation and loss of natural resources (Karr 1991, 2005; Karr and Chu 1999). The problem is how to accurately measure and monitor human induced impacts in highly complex and continually changing environments. The Index of Biological ... |
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| Spray Characterization of Thermal Fogging Equipment Typically Used in Vector Control |
Dec-2008 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
W C Hoffmann; Y Huang; Y Lan; B Quinn; D Szumlas; V L Smith; T Gwinn; B K Fritz; T W Walker; D Sykes; SOUTHERN PLAINS AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH CENTER COLLEGE STATION TX AREAWIDE PEST MANAGEMENT RESEARCH UNIT
|
| Droplet size spectra from different sprayers used to generate insecticide-laden fogs for controlling flying insects were measured by a laser diffraction instrument and Teflon-coated slides. The objectives of this work were to present not only information on spray-system droplet size generated by different sprayers, but to compare methodologies by which other similar systems can be evaluated and give applicators sprayer-system performance data. Data from 45 replicated spray tests, comprising 11 ... |
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| Invasive Species Biology, Control, and Research. Part 1: Kudzu (Pueraria montana) |
Nov-2008 |
24 pages |
| Authors:
Linda Nelson; Patrick J Guertin; Michael L Denight; Dick L Gebhart; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER CHAMPAIGN IL CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING RESEARCH LAB
|
| A 2007 Report to Congress documented a crucial factor in the loss of Army training land: uncontrolled vegetation growth. Of the 53 installations surveyed for the report, 30 reported that approximately 12 percent of their training lands were unusable for certain types of training. Uncontrolled vegetation was a source of such problems as an inability to conduct mounted and dismounted maneuver training, interference with equipment used in line-of-sight training, safety ... |
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| An Integrated Approach to Understand Relationships Between Shallow Water Benthic Community Structure and Ecosystem Function |
Nov-2008 |
328 pages |
| Authors:
Linda C Schaffner; Iris C Anderson; Jennifer W Stanhope; David J Gillett; William J Metcalfe; Alice M Brlawski; VIRGINIA INST OF MARINE SCIENCE GLOUCESTER POINT
|
| Human activities along our nation's coasts often lead to habitat modification, pollution, and overexploitation of living resources in coastal and estuarine waters (U.S. Commission on Ocean Policy 2004). Coastal areas are the most developed regions of the United States. In addition to recreational and leisure activities, these areas support commercial fishing, aquaculture, shipping, and defense activities. Numerous human activities can have detrimental effects on biodiversity and the provision of ecosystem ... |
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| The Comparative Study of the Effects of Extremely Low Frequency Electromagnetic Fields and Infrasound on Water Molecule Dissociation and Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species |
Nov-2008 |
54 pages |
| Authors:
Sinerik Ayrapetyan; UNESCO YEREVAN (ARMENIA) LIFE SCIENCES HIGHER EDUCATIONAL SCHOOL
|
| The project was devoted to the study of the mechanisms of the effect of non-ionizing (extremely low frequency electromagnetic field and infrasound) radiation and gas composition of the medium on water dissociation and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) formation in water and water solutions. Lack of knowledge of the effect of extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (ELF EMF) and infrasound (IS) on physicochemical properties of water and water solutions (the dominant component ... |
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| Understanding the Function of Circular Polarisation Vision in Mantis Shrimps: Building a C-Pol Camera |
24-Oct-2008 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
Justin Marshall; QUEENSLAND UNIV ST LUCIA (AUSTRALIA)
|
| Report coversplans to construct a Mini-DV video camera capable of imaging C-Pol light, put this is an underwater housing and make field observations of both natural objects and man-made targets in the habitat of stomatopods. The camera system is a modified version of one already in use for imaging linear polarised light. Here a LCD switch-plate system, placed in front of the camera and capable of rotating the plane of ... |
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| Spatially-Explicit Assessments of Genetic Biodiversity and Dispersal in Gopher Tortoises for Evaluation of Habitat Fragmentation at DoD Sites |
Oct-2008 |
42 pages |
| Authors:
Christopher W Theodorakis; SOUTHERN ILLINOIS UNIV AT EDWARDSVILLE DEPT OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
|
| The objective was to perform a proof of principle assessment of genetic diversity and gene flow of gopher tortoises on Camp Shelby, MS. The specific aims were to determine if there is evidence that military activity affects genetic diversity and gene flow. DNA was extracted from the blood of gopher tortoises collected from 22 colonies in and around Camp Shelby. The amount of genetic diversity in each colony and treatment ... |
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| Effects of Hurricane Katrina-Related Levee Failures on Wetland Sediments |
01-Sep-2008 |
46 pages |
| Authors:
Jeffery Steevens; Burton Suedel; Alan Kennedy; Sandra Brasfield; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS ENVIRONMENTAL LAB
|
| The U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) Environmental Laboratory, Vicksburg, MS, conducted a study to determine the extent to which Katrina floodwaters in the New Orleans area may have had impacts on wildlife habitat and other biological resources in surrounding areas. These experiments were conducted as part of the Interagency Performance Evaluation Task Force (IPET), which is investigating environmental impacts originating from the failure of the hurricane protection ... |
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| Groundwater Chemistry and Microbial Ecology Effects on Explosives Biodegradation |
01-Sep-2008 |
217 pages |
| Authors:
Robert J Steffan; Mark E Fuller; SHAW ENVIRONMENTAL INC LAWRENCEVILLE NJ
|
| The overall goal of this project was to gain a better understanding of the microbial ecology of explosives compound biodegradation in groundwater. Deciphering which organisms are involved with explosives degradation under various in situ conditions could lead to better diagnostic and monitoring tools for bioremediation of energetics based on biomarkers, as well as lead to better conceptual and predictive models. Initially, the scope of this project included most of the ... |
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| Concepts and Procedures for Updating the National Wetland Plant List |
Sep-2008 |
36 pages |
| Authors:
Robert W Lichvar; Paul Minkin; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER HANOVER NH COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB
|
| The National Wetland Plant List, formerly called the National List of Plant Species that Occur in Wetlands and last officially updated in 1988, is being revised by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and the Natural Resources Conservation Service. The list is used as part of the wetland delineation process, in the restoration of wetlands, and as a resource ... |
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| A Novel Approach to Managing Invasive Termite Species Using Genetically Engineered Bacteria |
Aug-2008 |
54 pages |
| Authors:
Claudia Husseneder; Rachael E Collier; Jennifer R Delatte; LOUISIANA STATE UNIV BATON ROUGE AGRICULTURAL CENTER
|
| The hind gut of the Fonnosan subterranean tennite (FST) is a refuge for an array of protozoa and bacteria that fulfill important functions in the survival of their hosts. Due to their importance for FST survival these symbionts are excellent tools or targets for the control of FST. Lytic peptides were tested as protozoicides. Lytic peptides were shown to kill the tennite symbiotic protozoa and this defaunation was associated with ... |
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| Our Changing Planet: The U.S. Climate Change Science Program for Fiscal Year 2009 |
Jul-2008 |
244 pages |
| Authors:
Carlos M Gutierrez; Samuel W Bodman; Marburger; John H III; CLIMATE CHANGE SCIENCE PROGRAM WASHINGTON DC
|
| Our Changing Planet: The U.S. Climate Change Science Program for Fiscal Year 2009 describes the activities and plans of the Climate Change Science Program (CCSP), which incorporates the U.S. Global Change Research Program established under the Global Change Research Act of 1990, and the Climate Change Research Initiative that was established by the President in 2001. CCSP coordinates and integrates scientific research on climate and global change supported by 13 ... |
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| Potential for Introduction of Invasive Species into Louisiana from Illinois River Dredged Material |
01-Jun-2008 |
38 pages |
| Authors:
Judy F Shearer; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS ENVIRONMENTAL LAB
|
| Through human and natural activities, land loss in the Louisiana Coastal Area has exceeded 1.2 million acres since the 1930s. Restoration of the region will require new technologies and significant inputs on many fronts. One innovative proposal to aid in restoration efforts has been to transport dredged sediments from the Illinois River to Louisiana for land building and marsh restoration. Of concern in such a project is the potential for ... |
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| A Guide to Alaskan Black Spruce Wetland Bryophytes: Species Specific to Delineation for Interior and South Central Regions |
01-Jun-2008 |
31 pages |
| Authors:
Rodney D Seppelt; Gary A Laursen; Robert W Lichvar; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER HANOVER NH COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB
|
| Currently, there is an effort underway to update and revise the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Corps) wetland delineation manual (Wakeley 2002) in support of Section 404 of the Clean Water Act (CWA) (33U.S.C.1344). As part of this updating, the United States has been divided into ten subregions. The new subregion boundaries follow an ecosystem-based region classification that has also been used in the development of national hydric soil indicators ... |
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| Metapopulation Dynamics of the Softshell Clam, Mya arenaria |
01-Jun-2008 |
135 pages |
| Authors:
Carly A Strasser; MASSACHUSETTS INST OF TECH CAMBRIDGE
|
| I explored metapopulation dynamics and population connectivity, with a focus on the softshell clam, Mya arenaria. I first worked towards developing a method for using elemental signatures retained in the larval shell as a tag of natal habitat. Using a laboratory experiment, I showed that current instrumentation is not able to measure the first larval shell. In concert with developing this method, I reared larval M. arenaria in the laboratory ... |
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| The Deployed Warfighter Protection Research Program: Finding New Methods to Vanquish Old Foes (The United States Army Medical Department Journal, April-June 2008) |
Jun-2008 |
14 pages |
| Authors:
Stanton E Cope; Daniel A Strickman; Graham B White; Kathleen N Dunemn; ARMED FORCES PEST MANAGEMENT BOARD WASHINGTON DC
|
| The Deployed Warfighter Protection research program (DWFP) is an initiative to develop and validate novel methods to protect United States military deployed abroad from threats posed by disease-carrying insects. Vector-borne diseases such as malaria, dengue, leishmaniasis, and chikungunya are among the most important health risks facing deployed troops. There are no vaccines for many diseases transmitted by biting insects, so methods in insect management and control, as well as personal ... |
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| Scientific Assessment of the Effects of Global Change on the United States: A Report of the Committee on Environment and Natural Resources, National Science and Technology Council |
01-May-2008 |
272 pages |
| Authors:
NATIONAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY COUNCIL WASHINGTON DC COMMITTEE ON ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES
|
| The climate is changing, and these changes are affecting the world around us. In order to deal with the changes that are taking place now and to prepare for those that are likely to happen in the future, decisionmakers need information about global change and its effects on the Nation and the world we live in. This national scientific assessment integrates, evaluates, and interprets the findings of the U.S. Climate ... |
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| Topically Applied AaeIAP1 Double-Stranded RNA Kills Female Adults of Aedes aegypti |
May-2008 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Julia W Pridgeon; Liming Zhao; James J Becnel; Daniel A Strickman; Gary G Clark; Kenneth J Linthicum; AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE GAINESVILLE FL CENTER FOR MEDICAL AGRICULTURAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY
|
| Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae) is the primary vector of both dengue and yellow fever. Use of insecticides is one of the primary ways to control this medically important insect pest. However, few new insecticides have been developed for mosquito control in recent years. As a part of our effort to develop new insecticides to control mosquitoes, an inhibitor of apoptosis protein 1 gene in Aedes aegypti (AaeIAP1) was targeted ... |
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| Field Test of Gopher Tortoise (Gopherus Polyphemus) Population Estimation Techniques |
01-Apr-2008 |
53 pages |
| Authors:
William D Meyer; Saif Z Nomani; Raymond R Carthy; Madan K Oli; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER CHAMPAIGN IL CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING RESEARCH LAB
|
| The Army is very concerned about the preservation of Threatened and Endangered Species (TES) that make their home on Army training lands. The gopher tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus) is one species that the Army is particularly concerned about. To ensure that the Army is able to execute its training mission requirements while mitigating adverse impacts to the gopher tortoise, installation natural resource managers have to track species abundance in a consistent ... |
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| Modeling the Response of Primary Production and Sedimentation to Variable Nitrate Loading in the Mississippi River Plume |
06-Mar-2008 |
|
| Authors:
Rebecca E Green; Greg A Breed; Michael J Dagg; Steven E Lohrenz; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
|
 | Increases in nitrate loading to the Mississippi River watershed during the last 50 years are considered responsible for the increase in hypoxic zone size in Louisiana-Texas shelf bottom waters. There is currently a national mandate to decrease the size of the hypoxic zone to 5000 sq km by 2015, mostly by a 30% reduction in annual nitrogen discharge into the Gulf of Mexico. We developed an ecosystem model for the ... |
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| Restoring Eelgrass (Zostera marina) from Seed: A Comparison of Planting Methods for Large-Scale Projects |
01-Mar-2008 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
Robert Orth; Scott Marion; Steven Granger; Michael Traber; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS ENVIRONMENTAL LAB
|
| Eelgrass (Zostera marina) seeds are being used in a variety of both small- and large-scale restoration activities and have been successfully used to initiate recovery of eelgrass in the Virginia seaside coastal lagoons, which lost eelgrass in the 1930s wasting disease pandemic (Orth et al. 2006a). However, a major bottleneck with the use of seeds has been the relatively low rate of seedling establishment, generally 10 percent or less of ... |
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| Effects of Turbidity on Fluridone Treatments for Curlyleaf Pondweed Control |
01-Mar-2008 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
Wendy Crowell; Angela G Poovey; Michael D Netherland; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS ENVIRONMENTAL LAB
|
| This study was a first step in documenting inorganic turbidity impacts on fluridone efficacy when controlling the invasive species curlyleaf pondweed. Turbidity in the water column did not substantially impact aqueous fluridone residues. Without turbidity, fluridone concentrations of 3 to 5 micrograms ai/L for a 56-day exposure period suppressed growth of curlyleaf pondweed by 42 to 72 percent, but only slightly reduced turion production. The addition of turbidity to the ... |
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| Haemaphysalis (Ornithophysalis) phasiana (Acari: Ixodidae) in the Republic of Korea: Two province records and habitat descriptions |
Mar-2008 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Robert Moore; Richard G Robbins; William J Sames; Heung C Kim; Sung T Chong ;In Y Lee; Dmitry A Apanaskevich; Joshua Bast; Terry A Klein; DEFENSE LOGISTICS AGENCY FORT BELVOIR VA ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
|
| Tick surveys were conducted during April 2007 in Jeju Province and along the southern coast of Gyeongsangnam and Jeollanam Provinces, Republic of Korea, to assess tick species composition and distribution, and to study tick habitat associations. A total of 58, 19, and 25 sites were surveyed in Jeju, Gyeongsangnam, and Jeollanam Provinces, respectively. Surveys were conducted using tick drags through various vegetative habitats. Habitat descriptions were recorded for each 10-m ... |
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| Bioavailability of Allelochemicals in Soil |
27-Feb-2008 |
29 pages |
| Authors:
Paul R Grossl; UTAH STATE UNIV LOGAN
|
| The successful spread of the weeds Acroptilon repens (Russian knapweed, RK) and Centaurea maculosa (Spotted knapweed, SK) has been attributed to the exudation of allelopathic chemicals by their roots. RK releases 7,8-benzoflavone and SK releases (+/-)- catechin. Understanding the conditions resulting in optimum sorption of these allelochemicals could provide a means to arrest the spread of the weeds that exude these allelochemicals. Our objective was to determine which soil constituents ... |
|
| So Many Zebras, So Little Time: Ecological Models and Counterinsurgency Operations (Defense Horizons, Number 62, February 2008) |
01-Feb-2008 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Mark D Drapeau; Peyton C Hurley; Robert E Armstrong; NATIONAL DEFENSE UNIV WASHINGTON DC CENTER FOR TECHNOLOGY AND NATIONAL SECURITY POLICY
|
| Force ratios are an important variable in warfare and in nature. On the Serengeti, large zebra herds are constantly hunted by small prides of lions. But with their overwhelming majority, why don't the zebras unite and attack the lions? Hooves can be as deadly as claws when used correctly. And conversely, if the lions are such effective predators, why are there so many zebras? Ecological interactions between predators and their ... |
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| Are Wildlife Detector Dogs or People Better at Finding Desert Tortoises (Gopherus Agassizii)? |
01-Feb-2008 |
14 pages |
| Authors:
Kenneth E Nussear; Todd C Esque; Jill S Heaton; Mary E Cablk; Kristina K Drake; Cindee Valentin; Julie L Yee; Philip A Medica; DESERT RESEARCH INST RENO NV
|
| Our ability to study threatened and endangered species depends on locating them readily in the field. Recent studies highlight the effectiveness of trained detector dogs to locate wildlife during field surveys, including Desert Tortoises in a semi-natural setting. Desert Tortoises (Gopherus agassizii) are cryptic and difficult to detect during surveys, especially the smaller size classes. We conducted comparative surveys to determine whether human or detector dog teams were more effective ... |
|
| Integrated Control and Assessment of Knapweed and Cheatgrass on Department of Defense Installations. Addendum |
Feb-2008 |
23 pages |
| Authors:
Mark W Paschke; Edward F Redente; Donald A Klein; Lincoln Smith; COLORADO STATE UNIV FORT COLLINS DEPT OF MICROBIOLOGY
|
| SERDP project SI-1145 has explored alternative control and assessment strategies for knapweeds and annual brome, two non-indigenous plant taxa, on US military installations. These plant taxa infest large areas of the Western United States and they are a major concern for military bases. Heavy maneuvering of troops and equipment causes large disturbances where native vegetation is stressed, soil is lost, and invasive noxious plants often take hold. Replacing stands of ... |
|
| A Guide to Alaskan Black Spruce Wetland Bryophytes: Species Specific to Delineation for Interior and South Central Regions |
01-Jan-2008 |
31 pages |
| Authors:
Rodney D Seppelt; Gary A Laursen; Robert W Lichvar; AUSTRALIAN ANTARCTIC DIVISION KINGSTON (TASMANIA)
|
| Currently, there is an effort underway to update and revise the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Corps) wetland delineation manual (Wakeley 2002) in support of Section 404 of the Clean Water Act (CWA) (33U.S.C.1344). As part of this updating, the United States has been divided into ten subregions. The new subregion boundaries follow an ecosystem-based region classification that has also been used in the development of national hydric soil indicators ... |
|
| Sediment-Water Nitrogen Fluxes in a Backwater System of the Upper Mississippi River |
JAN 2008 |
24 pages |
| Authors:
William F. James; William B. Richardson; David M. Soballe; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS
|
| This research quantifies nitrogen (N) fluxes and transformations at the sediment water interface in relation to N loading and uptake for a backwater system of the Upper Mississippi River. Goals of this work were to provide a better understanding of the roles that backwater sediments play in uptake and removal of N for purposes of determining the management potential of increasing hydrological connectivity between large rivers and adjacent backwaters, wetlands, ... |
|
| Habitat Equivalency Analysis: A Potential Tool for Estimating Environmental Benefits |
JAN 2008 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
Gary L. Ray; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS
|
| Estimates of the environmental benefits associated with U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) activities are increasingly becoming part of project requirements. This technical note describes Habitat Equivalency Analysis (HEA), a procedure that could potentially be applied to a wide variety of USACE projects to assist in calculating such benefits. |
|
| Application of Hyperspectral Techniques to Monitoring and Management of Invasive Plant Species Infestation |
Jan-2008 |
190 pages |
| Authors:
Susan L Ustin; Edward T Tom; Carlos M Ramirez; Karen S Olmstead; Nina Noujdina; Shawn Kefauver; John Kefauver; Deanne DiPietro; Yen-Ben Cheng; Maragaret E Andrew; Mary Andrews; Emma Underwood; CALIFORNIA UNIV DAVIS
|
| This report summarizes and integrates the main findings, using several case studies to illustrate conclusions. Case studies include cheatgrass and Russian knapweed at Yakima Training Center, showing that multiple dates that combine different growing seasons improve map accuracy. Also included are maps for kudzu and Johnson lovegrass at Fort Benning, tamarisk at Yuma Proving Ground and phragmites at Aberdeen Proving Ground. Examples were chosen to illustrate a range of problems ... |
|
| An Ocean Observing System for Large-Scale Monitoring and Mapping of Noise Throughout the Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary |
Jan-2008 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
Christopher W Clark; William T Ellison; Leila T Hatch; Richard L Van Merrick; Sofie M Parijs; David N Wiley; CORNELL LAB OF ORNITHOLOGY ITHACA NY BIOACOUSTICS RESEARCH PROGRAM
|
| The project goals are to map the low-frequency (1000 Hz) ocean noise budget throughout the Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary (SBNMS) ecosystem, identify and quantify the contributing sources of anthropogenic sounds within that ecosystem, and determine whether or not such noises have the potential to impact endangered marine mammals and fishes that use the Sanctuary. This project represents a high-level, integrative 'bench mark' study aimed at characterizing the marine acoustic ... |
|
| DECAF - Density Estimation for Cetaceans from Passive Acoustic Fixed Sensors |
Jan-2008 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Peter Tyack; David Mellinger; Jessica Ward; Nancy DiMarzio; Ronald Morrissey; David Moretti; David Borchers; Tiago Marques; Len Thomas; Steve Martin; Catriona Harris; SAINT ANDREWS UNIV (UNITED KINGDOM)
|
| Determining the density and distribution of cetacean (whale and dolphin) species is fundamental to understanding their basic biology, and also to monitoring and mitigating the effect of man-made impacts on their populations. However, this task is difficult because most cetacean species occur at low density and over enormous areas, and because they spend relatively little time at the surface where they can be seen using standard, visual surveys. Our primary ... |
|
| A Beta-Amino Acid Pyrokinin Analog Induces Irregular Pupariation Behavior in Larvae of the Flesh Fly Sarcophaga bullata |
Jan-2008 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Ronald J Nachman; Pawel Zubrzak; Howard Williams; Allison Strey; Jan Zdarek; SOUTHERN PLAINS AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH CENTER COLLEGE STATION TX AREAWIDE PEST MANAGEMENT RESEARCH UNIT
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| The developmental process of pupariation is accelerated by members of the pyrokinin class of neuropeptides in larvae of the flesh fly Sarcophaga bullata. A pyrokinin analog (Ac-Y[beta3Phe]TPRLamide), in which a Phe residue is replaced with a beta-amino acid, accelerates pupariation in this fly at a potency (0.2 pmol/larva) that matches that of the native pyrokinin factor. At higher concentrations, this beta-amino acid pyrokinin analog induces irregular pupariation behavior patterns that ... |
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| Environmental Concentrations, Fate, and Risk Assessment of Pyrethrins and Piperonyl Butoxide After Aerial Ultralow-Volume Applications for Adult Mosquito Management |
Jan-2008 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Schleier; Jerome J III; Robert K Peterson; Paula A Macedo; David A Brown; MONTANA STATE UNIV BOZEMAN DEPT OF LAND RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
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| One of the most effective ways of managing adult mosquitoes that vector human and animals diseases is the use of ultralow-volume insecticides. Because of concerns about the safety of the insecticides used for the management of adult mosquitoes, we conducted an environmental fate and efficacy study in Princeton and Colusa (both CA, USA) after aerial applications of pyrethrins and piperonyl butoxide (PBO). One hour before application, PBO concentrations in water ... |
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| Equine Risk Assessment for Insecticides Used in Adult Mosquito Management |
Jan-2008 |
18 pages |
| Authors:
Schleier; Jerome J III; Paula A Macedo; Leslie M Shama; Ryan S Davis; Robert D Peterson; MONTANA STATE UNIV BOZEMAN
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| Since West Nile virus (WNV) was introduced to New York City in 1999, it has subsequently spread through the Americas, creating human and animal health risks. Our equine risk assessment focused on three pyrethroid insecticides (phenothrin, resmethrin, and permethrin), pyrethrins, and two organophosphate insecticides (malathion and naled). Piperonyl butoxide, a synergist commonly used in pyrethroids, was also assessed. The objective was to use deterministic and probabilistic risk assessment methodologies to ... |
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| Residual Efficacy of Field-Applied Permethrin, d-Phenothrin, and Resmethrin on Plant Foliage Against Adult Mosquitoes |
Jan-2008 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
A O Amoo; Rui-De Xue; W A Qualls; B P Quinn; U R Bernier; AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE GAINESVILLE FL CENTER FOR MEDICAL AGRICULTURAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY
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| Backpack sprayer applications of permethrin, d-phenothrin, and resmethrin to vegetation and plants at Anastasia Island, St. Augustine, FL, were evaluated for duration of residual efficacy against adult mosquitoes. All treatments produced 100% mortality (24 h) of mosquitoes in test cages placed within the vegetation. At 48 h and 1 wk posttreatment, insecticide treatments resulted in 70-100% reduction of adult mosquitoes caught by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention traps baited ... |
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| Identification of a CAPA-PVK (IXORI-PVK) from Single Cells of the Gulf Coast Tick, Amblyomma maculatum |
Jan-2008 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Ronald J Nachman; Allison Strey; Susanne Neupert; William K Russell; David H Russell; Otto F Strey; Pete D Teel; FRIEDRICH-SCHILLER UNIV JENA (GERMAN D R)
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| MALDI-TOF/TOF tandem mass spectrometry has been applied to determine the complete sequence of a CAPA-PVK in the Gulf Coast tick, Amblyomma maculatum. Single cell analysis allowed the identification of the amino acid sequence of Ixori-PVK (PALIPFPRV-NH2), a periviscerokinin which had previously been identified from two other ticks, Ixodes ricinus and Boophilus microplus. The identification indicates greater conservation of sequence for the CAPA-PVK/CAP2b family in ticks as compared with insects. Side-chain ... |
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| Effect of Lures and Trap Placement on Sand Fly and Mosquito Traps |
Jan-2008 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Ulrich R Bernier; David F Hoel; Hogsette; Jerome A Jr; Hanafi A Hanafi; Daniel L Kline; AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE GAINESVILLE FL CENTER FOR MEDICAL AGRICULTURAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY
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| Catches of mosquitoes and sand flies in CO2 traps baited with three different lures and an unbaited control were compared. The lures examined were carbon dioxide, carbon dioxide plus 1-octen-3-ol, and carbon dioxide plus human hair in ethanol. Studies using a 4 x 4 Latin square design, with 3 sets of 4 consecutive trap nights, were conducted between August 6 and September 10, 2007. The study site was the Bahrif ... |
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Ecology
