Navigation: Cartography and Aerial Photography

Color Palette Reduction and Enhancement Techniques

11 NOV 1993

5 pages

Authors: M. Trenchard; L. Riedlinger; S. Myrick; M. Gendron; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS

The full text of this report is available for sale.

The Naval Research Laboratory's Map Data Formatting Facility is developing a seamless, compressed, digital database of the world called the Compressed Aeronautical Chart (CAC). The CAC consists of scanned, aeronautical chart images. The CAC's primary purpose is to support Navy and Marine Corps aircraft mission planning and digital moving map systems. However, other users on various platforms have expressed interest in using the CAC. Therefore, the CAC must be capable ...

Some Defence Applications of Civilian Remote Sensing Satellite Images

NOV 93

76 pages

Authors: Vittala K. Shettigara; Gordon M. Sumerling; Paul J. Whitbread; ELECTRONICS RESEARCH LAB ADELAIDE (AUSTRALIA)

This report is on a pilot study to demonstrate some of the capabilities of remote sensing in intelligence gathering. A wide variety of issues, both quantitative and qualitative, are addressed. SPOT satellite images were used for object classification using statistical and neural net techniques, object height determination and image resolution enhancement. A new procedure was developed for detecting small and man-made objects in multispectral or colour images. The procedure will ...

Representation, Modeling and Recognition of Outdoor Scenes

NOV 93

75 pages

Authors: Martin A. Fischler; Robert C. Bolles; SRI INTERNATIONAL MENLO PARK CA

The primary goal of this project was to advance the state-of-the-art in scene interpretation for autonomous systems that operate in natural terrain. In particular, techniques are being developed for representing knowledge about complex cultural and natural environments so that a computer vision system can successfully plan, navigate, recognize and manipulate objects and answer questions or make decisions relevant to this knowledge. The initial results are centered on the development of ...

Satellite Altimetry: Attempts to Progress Beyond Studies of the Statistics of Mesoscale Variability,

NOV 1993

Authors: Dudley B. Chelton; Michael G. Schlax; OREGON STATE UNIV CORVALLIS COLL OF OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES

The full text of this report is not available and therefore is not for sale. This information is provided for reference purposes only.

Because of uncertainties in the marine geoid and orbit height, most applications of altimetric data have focused on mapping the sea level variance statistic. These studies have been very successful at defining the geographical distribution of eddy variability and have highlighted the close relationship between transient eddies, the intensity of the mean flow and the bathymetry. Altimeter data have also been used to estimate surface geostropic velocities and map the ...

Lead Detection and Mapping with Reference to Relationships Between Scale, Sensor Characteristics, Surface Conditions and Atmospheric Properties

31 OCT 93

138 pages

Authors: J. Key; J. A. Maslanik; R. S. Stone; COOPERATIVE INST FOR RESEARCH IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE BOULDER CO

During the three project years, empirical studies of scale relationships in the retrieval of sea ice lead statistics have been undertaken, as have modeling investigations of atmospheric influences on the satellite signal. Additionally, we have developed statistical models that describe the scaling properties of leads. The empirical studies have been based primarily on comparisons within and between Landsat and AVHRR imagery, while the atmospheric models have been specific to the ...

Air Combat Targeting/EO Simulation Incorporating the Earth Background

05 OCT 93

22 pages

Authors: J. Yepez; PHILLIPS LAB HANSCOM AFB MA

This report documents some work toward developing an automated Earth background description and putting it into the Air Combat Targeting/Electro Optical (ACT/EOS) model. Our aim is to show that infrared-based decision aids can be made more accurate by using geographic data sets for terrain type characterization in conjunction with topographic data sets. As an example for digital topography and terrain typing we discuss the digital terrain elevation data (DTED) and ...

Satellite Imagery and Topographic Data in Verification

28 SEP 93

127 pages

Authors: David Simpson; Arthur Lerner-Lam; LAMONT-DOHERTY EARTH OBSERVATORY PALISADES NY

Analysis procedures, hardware platforms and software systems for the analysis of digital topographic data, satellite images, and generic time series have been developed. These have been implemented in a distributed processing environment on commonly available platforms and are available over Internet. Contact lerneratldeo.Columbia.Edu for details. Our imaging analysis methodologies have been applied to the southern border regions of the former Soviet Union. This area contains some of the most interesting ...

Results from the VISA Project

01 SEP 93

Authors: G. J. Kunz; FYSISCH EN ELEKTRONISCH LAB TNO THE HAGUE (NETHERLANDS)

The small lidar system has been used to measure the vertical structure of the atmospheric extinction in a dune area bordering The Hague (The Netherlands), at about 2.6 km from the North Sea. The atmospheric optical properties at this location are determined by a mixture of industrial, urban, rural and marine aerosols, which composition depends on the air mass history. The measurements were made unattended, around the clock, five days ...

Multivariate Spectral Analysis to Extract Materials from Multispectral Data

SEP 93

121 pages

Authors: Robert S. Rand; Donald A. Davis; ARMY TOPOGRAPHIC ENGINEERING CENTER FORT BELVOIR VA

This effort investigates various multivariate analysis techniques for classification/identification to extract natural and manmade features reliably from broad-band spectral imaging data/multispectral imagery. An enhanced Bayesian method is proposed and is demonstrated to exhibit increased accuracy over three conventional supervised classifiers. Broad-band spectral properties of various materials are examined and the perturbations on spectra of pure materials introduced by mixtures are shown. A mixing model that uses multiple linear regression constrained ...

Automated Cartography by an Autonomous Mobile Robot Using Ultrasonic Range Finders

SEP 93

386 pages

Authors: David L. MacPherson Jr; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA

The problem solved was for an autonomous mobile robot to generate a precise map of its orthogonal, indoor environment. The maps generated by the robot's sensors must be perfect so they can be used in subsequent navigation tasks using the same sensors. Our approach performed map-making incrementally with a partial world data structure describing incomplete polygons. A striking feature of the partial world data structure was they consist of 'real' ...

Map Navigator: User Documentation

SEP 93

Authors: Brian Powell; David Mayfield; COLORADO CENTER FOR ASTRODYNAMICS RESEARCH BOULDER

This documentation was written to help provide the user with a better understanding of the Map Navigator software. The best way to learn the software, however, is through hands-on use. This documentation provides examples for the user to go through and try to gain understanding of the software through working with the software. Chapter Four is an entire example for the user to work through.

Modular Simulator System (MSS). System/Segment Specification for the Generic Modular Simulator System - Environment Module. Volume 13

20 AUG 93

34 pages

Authors: K. Kelly; J. Brown; G. Kamsickas; W. Tucker; BOEING DEFENSE AND SPACE GROUP HUNTSVILLE AL SIMULATION AND TRAINING SYSTEMS

This is the Environment portion of the generic Modular Simulator System (MSS) specification. It is designed to be tailored to specify the requirements for a specific aircraft training device or family of aircraft training devices. This specification contains specific tailoring instructions for each paragraph. When the tailoring process is complete, the italicized tailoring instructions should have been replaced by application specific text or deleted from the specification. It is suggested ...

The Navy Tessellated Spheroid Map Projection System: A Comprehensive Definition

11 AUG 93

30 pages

Authors: Maura C. Lohrenz; Michael E. Trenchard; Stephanie A. Myrick; Perry B. Wischow; Lancelot M. Riedlinger; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS

This report describes a map projection model, called the Tessellated Spheroid (TS), which provides a seamless, global framework in which to store scanned chart data and, potentially, other types of spatial data as well. The Compressed Aeronautical Chart (CAC) is being developed at the Naval Research Laboratory in direct support of tactical Navy and Marine Corps aircraft mission planning systems and digital moving map systems. Aircraft programs that currently utilize ...

Directional Regions in Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

03 AUG 93

10 pages

Authors: Douglass R. Caldwell; Linda H. Graff; ARMY TOPOGRAPHIC ENGINEERING CENTER FORT BELVOIR VA

While direction is fundamental to geography, the implementation of directional functions in Geographical Information Systems (GIS) is limited. The focus paper is the extension of direction-related concepts through the definition of directional regions, such as the area north of Washington DC. Directional regions are constructed from combinations of six elements: the feature, the reference, an orientation, a viewspan, a viewfield and a region of interest. This approach allows users to ...

Color Palette Considerations for Digital Map Displays

03 AUG 93

17 pages

Authors: Michael E. Trenchard; Maura C. Lohrenz; Stacen Tyskiewicz; Henry Rosche III; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS

The Map Data Formatting Facility is creating a library of Compressed Aeronautical Chart (CAC) data on a compact disk (CD) media in support of mission planning systems and airborne digital moving-map systems for military aircraft. The CAC library is generated by transforming the Defense Mapping Agency's Equal Arc-Second Raster Chart (ARC) Digitized Raster Graphics data from the ARC projection system into the Navy-specified tessellated spheroid projection system. The data are ...

Experiments in Knowledge Refinement for a Large Rule-Based System

AUG 93

Authors: Wilson A. Harvey Jr.; Milind Tambe; CARNEGIE-MELLON UNIV PITTSBURGH PA DEPT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE

Knowledge-refinement is a central problem in the field of expert systems. For rule-based systems. refinement implies the addition, deletion and modification of rules in the system so as to improve the system's overall performance. The goal of this research effort is to understand the methodology for refining large rule-based systems, as well as to develop tools that will be useful in refining such systems. The vehicle for our investigation is ...

Detecting Topographical Regions in Digital Terrain Maps

AUG 93

25 pages

Authors: Sabrina Sestito; Simon Goss; Terry Caelli; AERONAUTICAL RESEARCH LABS MELBOURNE (AUSTRALIA)

This report describes an application of Clustering and Differential Geometry to the characterization of digital terrain maps by different surface types and critical regions. Of particular interest is the determination of specific terrain types, where they occur, and describing them in ways which are invariant to viewing position. The development of robust and efficient segmentation and associated region characterization procedures is reported. Good results have been obtained for characterizing digital ...

Baseline Site Assessments for Wetland Vegetation Establishment

AUG 1993

7 pages

Authors: Mary M. Davis; ARMY ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION VICKSBURG MS

A critical stage in the successful establishment of vegetation for a wetland management project is plan development. The plan should include details on the influence baseline site conditions may have on wetland plant establishment and growth. Many sources are available that list information commonly acquired in baseline assessments, particularly regarding topography, hydrology, and soils (e.g., Kusler and Kentula 1990, Soil Conservation Service 1992, Hammer 1992). The following discussion is intended ...

Image Analysis Technology Applied to Problems in Crystallography

30 JUN 93

8 pages

Authors: Daniel Gordon; AUTOMETRIC INC ALEXANDRIA VA

This work summarizes the procedures accomplished toward the objective to develop a demonstration capability (Proof-of-Concept) of three dimensional object modeling using close range photogrammetric techniques. Static stereo views and three-dimensional perspective scenes of crystals were to be developed using the same technology that is applied in displaying three dimensional earth surfaces. The work included the creation of close range photogrammetric capabilities to work along with various existing display capabilities. The ...

Complex Terrain Wind Model Evaluation

JUN 93

169 pages

Authors: Martin E. Lee; ARMY RESEARCH LAB WHITE SANDS MISSILE RANGE NM

The Winds on Critical Steamline Surfaces (WOCSS) complex terrain wind flow model is designed to simulate lateral, mechanical forcing effects on air flows along elevated, solid boundaries, these effects exert significant influence on observed flow field properties, such as transport and diffusion. The degree to which WOCSS model outputs are more reliable than a basic mass consistency model (that does not address lateral forcing dynamics in complex terrain) is discussed ...

Annual Data Summary for 1991 CERC Field Research Facility. Volume 2: Appendixes C through E

JUN 93

85 pages

Authors: Michael W. Leffler; Clifford F. Baron; Brian L. Scarborough; Kent R. Hathaway; CORPS OF ENGINEERS WASHINGTON DC

This report provides basic data and summaries for the measurements made during 1991 at the US Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station (WES) coastal Engineering Research Center's (CERC's) Field Research Facility (FRF) in Duck, NC. The report includes comparisons of the present year's data with cumulative statistics from 1980 to the present. Meteorological and oceanographic data, monthly bathymetric survey results, samples of biannual aerial photography, and descriptions of 18 storms that ...

Annual Data Summary for 1991 CERC Field Research Facility. Volume 1: Main Text and Appendixes A and B

JUN 93

120 pages

Authors: Michael W. Leffler; Clifford F. Baron; Brian L. Scarborough; Kent K. Hathaway; CORPS OF ENGINEERS WASHINGTON DC

Sound Exposure Level Prediction for Impulse Sound Sources Above Variable Terrain

MAY 93

57 pages

Authors: Hong C. Zhuang; Leslie J. Benson; Michael J. White; CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING RESEARCH LAB (ARMY) CHAMPAIGN IL

The influence of the ground surface makes it difficult to calculate the propagation of impulse noise from Army type blasts such as that produced by heavy-weapons fire on training ranges. This study developed the computer program gtdcom, which extends the Geometrical Theory of Diffraction (GTD) propagation model to include realistic, three-dimensional terrain, broadband sounds (blast waves), and frequency weighting factors. This report describes the theoretical basis used to broaden the ...

The U.S. Navy's Compressed Aeronautical Chart Database

MAY 1993

6 pages

Authors: M. C. Lohrenz; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS

The implementation of digital moving map systems (DMS) aboard tactical naval aircraft has resulted in a dramatic shift from the use of paper charts to digital chart products for naval mission planning and navigation. A DMS computer stores all of the digital maps that are required for a particular mission and displays up-to-date threats, intelligence, or other information as pilot-selected overlays to the base chart. An effective DMS provides pilots ...

Review of GIS Applications in Hydrologic Modeling

MAY 93

21 pages

Authors: Bruce A. DeVantier; Arlen D. Feldman; HYDROLOGIC ENGINEERING CENTER DAVIS CA

Geographic information systems (GIS) provide a digital representation of watershed characteristics used in hydrologic modeling. This paper summarizes past efforts and current trends in using digital terrain models and GIS to perform hydrologic analyses. Three methods of geographic information storage are discussed: raster or grid, triangulated irregular network, and contour-based line networks. The computational, geographic, and hydrologic aspects of each data-storage method are analyzed. The use of remotely sensed data ...

ADST, Version Description Document for the BDS-D PVD 1.0.0

02 APR 93

152 pages

Authors: Carl Swanson; Rick Bright; Lynn Thompson; Pete Peterson; LORAL SYSTEMS CO ORLANDO FL ADST PROGRAM OFFICE

This Version Description Document (VDD) contains a functional description of the Planned View Display (PVD) software, all modules in this release are identified by version number, a set of build instructions, installation procedures, identification of any known problems, release notes and any essential data relationships that are part of this 2 April 1993 release of the BDS-D PVD 1.0.0. Soldier in the loop simulators exist at the Aviation Test Bed ...

Image Understanding Workshop. Proceedings of a Workshop (22nd) Held in Washington, D.C. on April 18-21, 1993

APR 93

Authors: DEFENSE ADVANCED RESEARCH PROJECTS AGENCY ARLINGTON VA

Computing with Neural Maps: Application to Perceptual and Cognitive Function

26 MAR 93

5 pages

Authors: Eric L. Schwartz; NEW YORK UNIV MEDICAL CENTER NY

In this report, a series of studies concerning the use of neuronal map data structures for the solution of perceptual, attentional and pattern classification problems have been developed. Models for visual attention, based on the representation of an attentional space as a two dimensional map have led to a model of visual attention which has been successfully used in the application of a space-variant active vision system, described below. It ...

A Preliminary Review of Global CO2 Exchange Between Ocean and Atmosphere

16 MAR 93

50 pages

Authors: R. Davis; M. Gregg; MITRE CORP MCLEAN VA JASON PROGRAM OFFICE

Although the present rate of increase of CO2 in the atmosphere is well documented, changes in the next century cannot be accurately predicted because the CO2 budget is so poorly understood. The atmospheric concentration is increasing 1.4 ppm/year, corresponding to an increase in the atmospheric inventory of 3 Gt/year (1 Gt is 10 to the 9th power metric tons or 10 to the 12th power kg). This observed increase is ...

The Subduction Experiment. Cruise Report, R/V Oceanus, Cruise Number 240 Leg 3, Subduction 1 Mooring Deployment Cruise, 17 June - 5 July 1991

MAR 93

Authors: Richard P. Trask; Nancy J. Brink; WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION MA

Subduction is the mechanism by which water masses formed in the mixed layer and near the surface of the ocean find their way into the upper thermocline. The subduction process and its underlying mechanisms were studied through a combination of Eulerian and Langrangian measurements of velocity, measurements of tracer distributions and hydrographic properties and modeling. An array of five surface moorings carrying meteorological and oceanographic instrumentation were deployed for a ...

Resolution in Radar Mapping

MAR 93

90 pages

Authors: Michael D. Anderson; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA

Signal processing has led to great performance gains in radar mapping. The most critical feature of these systems is cell size, which determines resolution. Cell size is defined by range resolution and azimuth resolution. Range resolution is improved through pulse compression. Phase of frequency modulation of a waveform yields increased bandwidth and shorter effective pulse width without reducing total signal energy. Several families of codes are investigated emphasizing matched filter ...

Estimating the Parameters of Chaotic Maps

FEB 1993

29 pages

Authors: Scott Hayes; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ADELPHI MD

The lowest mean square error (LMSE) parameter estimator for a chaotic map (a discrete-time dynamical system) is developed, its implementation is discussed, and the results of computer simulations evaluating its performance are presented. The estimator detects the control parameter of a one-dimensional chaotic map from observations of the output sequence in the presence of additive noise. This type of estimation problem is of interest for finding dynamical models of physical ...

Robust Photo-Topography by Fusing Shape-from-Shading and Stereo

FEB 93

171 pages

Authors: Clay M. Thompson; MASSACHUSETTS INST OF TECH CAMBRIDGE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE LAB

Methods for fusing two computer vision methods are discussed and several example algorithms are presented to illustrate the variational method of fusing algorithms. The example algorithms solve the photo-topography problem; that is, the algorithms seek to determine planet topography given two images taken from two different locations with two different lighting conditions. The algorithms each employ a single cost function that combines the computer vision methods of shape-from-shading and stereo ...

Defense Mapping Agency (DMA) Mapping, Charting, and Geodesy (MC&G) Data: Public Availability and Exceptions

19 JAN 93

6 pages

Authors: ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF DEFENSE (COMMAND CONTROL COMMUNICATIONS AND INTELLIGENC E) WASHINGTON DC

This Instruction establishes policy, assigns responsibilities, and prescribes procedures, in accordance with Section 2796 of reference (a) Sections 2794 and 2796 of title 10, United States Code, and reference (b) DoD Directives 5105.40, Defense Mapping Agency, for the sale and withholding of otherwise unclassified DMA MC&G data in the possession of, or under the control of, the Department of Defense. It Authorizes the publication of DoD 5030.59-M, 'Use and Release ...

Map Data Support for AN/SWG-1A(V) Harpoon Ship Command-Launch Control System (HSCLCS)

JAN 93

35 pages

Authors: James H. Hammack; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB DETACHMENT STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS

The Harpoon Weapon System (HWS) is an all-weather, over-the-horizon, antiship missile deployed on U.S. Navy vessels and aircraft. Shipborne versions of the HWS are comprised of the Harpoon missile, missile launchers, and the Harpoon Ship Command-Launch Control System (HSCLCS). In order the add the capability to display geographic information on the HSCLCS, the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) has developed databases and retrieval/display algorithms for both vector shoreline data and gridded ...

Bibliography of Remote Sensing Techniques Used in Wetland Research

JAN 93

196 pages

Authors: Janet L. Lampman; ARMY ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION VICKSBURG MS ENVIRONMENTAL LAB

Within the Wetlands Research Program, a work unit under the Stewardship and Management Task Area, 'Techniques for Characterizing Changes to Wetlands,' is investigating the application of remote sensing technology for detecting changes in wetland environments. This report documents a bibliographic search conducted as part of that work unit on applications of remote sensing techniques in wetland research. Results were used to guide research efforts on the use of remote sensing ...

A Terrain Parabolic Equation Model (TPEM)

JAN 1993

3 pages

Authors: Amalia E. Barrios; NAVAL COMMAND CONTROL AND OCEAN SURVEILLANCE CENTER RDT AND E DIV SAN DIEGO CA

A numerically efficient method has been developed to model tropospheric radiowave propagation over irregular terrain in the presence of range-dependent, non-standard environmental conditions. The model is based on a modification to the smooth-earth parabolic equation, and uses the split-step Fourier algorithm developed by Hardin and Tappert.

Seafloor Characterization/Galapagos Propagating Rift

Authors: Martin C. Kleinrock; Peter R. Shaw; Deborah K. Smith; WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION MA DEPT OF GEOLOGY AND GEOPHYSICS

Our goal is to better understand the system that produces the oceanic crust. Because the seafloor is a product of this system we believe that fundamental insight can be gained through the study of seafloor topography and the spatial variation in its characteristics. Our project has focused on applying and further developing our techniques for analyzing seafloor topography and combining our techniques for seafloor characterization with other data sources (e.g., ...

The New Map Graphics in RSAS 5.0

Authors: Bruce W. Bennett; Mark Hoyer; RAND CORP SANTA MONICA CA

The RAND Strategy Assessment System (RSAS) is a global warfare analysis system developed over the last decade for the Director of Net Assessment in the Office of the Secretary of Defense. RSAS Map has two major

MapView User's Guide

Authors: Larry McDonough; Scott Bailey; Allison Koehler; RAND CORP SANTA MONICA CA

MapView is a general-purpose, object-oriented graphics program that was developed as part of the Theater Level Campaign/Non-Linear Combat (TLC/NLC) project at RAND. Every attempt has been made to generalize the functionality of the program for use by other projects. MapView is written in the C programming language and runs under the X11 Release 5 windowing environment with Sun Microsystems' OPEN LOOK Toolkit. The program enables scenario generation through a flexible, ...

Implementation of Custom Colors in the DECwindows Environment

DEC 92

12 pages

Authors: Stephanie A. Myrick; Perry B. Wischow; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB DETACHMENT STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS

This paper describes the implementation of user-defined, or custom, colors in the DECwindows environment. Custom colors can be used to augment the standard color set that is associated with the hardware colormap. The custom color set that is included in this paper consists of 240 distinct colors, each of which is comprised of red, green, and blue intensities. Intensity levels range from zero (no intensity) to 255 (maximum intensity). The ...

Leadex Data Report. Part 1. Weather Analysis and Satellite Images

DEC 92

309 pages

Authors: Robert W. Fett; Thomas F. Lee; Warren W. Rodie; Stephen D. Burk; William T. Thompson; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB MONTEREY CA

This document contains weather analyses, forecast products, and selected satellite images obtained during the Leads Experiment (Leadex) from 25 March to 24 April 1992. This NRL Publication is Part 1 of a two-part data compilation report. Part 2 contains daily rawinsonde data obtained at Deadhorse and at the ice camp, and buoy data from four buoys surrounding the ice camp. A special section of Part 1 introduces the European spacecraft ...

Quantification of Thermographic Mapping Techniques

DEC 92

90 pages

Authors: John Norgard; Don Metzger; COLORADO UNIV AT COLORADO SPRINGS

Thermographic mapping of microwave fields is a method of imaging the electromagnetic field in a region of space by viewing the heating it produces when interacting with a material. As the microwave field interacts with a material, some of the electromagnetic energy may be converted into heat. This heat can be viewed in several ways; the most useful technique developed to date involves an infrared camera. The objective of this ...

An Approach to Automated Terrain Classification from Digital Elevation Model

23 NOV 92

11 pages

Authors: Linda H. Graff; FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION WASHINGTON DC OFFICE OF AIRPORT PLANNING AND PROGRAMMING

Using digital elevation model data, landforms are classified into two broad, generic terrain features -- mounts and non-mounts. Mount represents an aggregation of elevated features including hills, mountains and ranges. All remaining features are classified collectively as non-mount. The results of this work suggest that it may be possible to acceptably replicate the manual classification of certain generic terrain features. However, the general utility of the mount/non-mount classification appears to ...

Feature Mapping in a Photogrammetric GIS

23 NOV 92

Authors: Roger O. Brown; ARMY TOPOGRAPHIC ENGINEERING CENTER FORT BELVOIR VA

The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Topographic Engineering Center (TEC) has assembled a Terrain Information Extraction System (TIES). The TIES uses photogrammetric Geographic Information System (GIS) technology for digital image-based mapping (Brown, 1991). The TIES is a modular system for generating digital terrain data (Desmond, Edwards, 1990). Components of the TIES exchange Digital Topographic Data (DTD) by a Feature Map Exchange Format (FMEF). The TIES-FMEF is described. Geographic information system; ...

The Image Digitizing System

23 NOV 92

10 pages

Authors: Maurits Roos; ARMY TOPOGRAPHIC ENGINEERING CENTER FORT BELVOIR VA

The conversion of mapping technology in the DOD community from analog- to digital-based technology, which started in the 1980's required precise equipment to convert aerial photographs to digital data (pixels). These are referred to as image scanners or digitizers. This paper describes the recent development of a precise image scanner by the Topographic Engineering Center (TEC) (formerly ETL). A contractor successfully developed this scanner, called the Image Digitizing System (IDS). ...

Manipulation of Landsat Spectral Characteristics to Classify Vegetation and Soil Wetness in the Rainforest of Bolivia

09 NOV 92

13 pages

Authors: Michael G. Barwick; Harry B. Puffenberger; ARMY TOPOGRAPHIC ENGINEERING CENTER FORT BELVOIR VA

This study attempts to classify tropical region soils and vegetation by moisture content from multispectral imagery. Identified wet areas were used to determine the percentage of wetness in the study area, by evaluating the spectral response of tropical rainforest vegetation and soils. Supervised classification, unsupervised classification, and manipulation of spectral band techniques were used to determine percentages of wetness in the study area. Using these methodologies, vegetation and soil units ...

Digital Nautical Chart

NOV 92

9 pages

Authors: James A. Hammack; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS

As the Navy's lead laboratory in Mapping, Charting and Geodesy, the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) was tasked by the Defense Mapping Agency (DMA) to develop a draft product specification for a Digital Nautical Chart (DNC) database. This paper describes the DNC database design, intended use, and prototype production schedule as of mid 1992. The DNC database is intended to be used in the Navigation Sensor System Interface (NAVSSI) aboard U.S. ...

Efficient Generation of Synthetic Terrain Imagery for Automatic Target Recognition

23 OCT 92

Authors: A. C. Kak; R. L. Cromwell; S. G. Blask; L. L. Grewe; H. Kang; PURDUE UNIV LAFAYETTE IN ROBOT VISION LAB

We have developed an integrated framework for the efficient synthesis of realistic images of three dimensional terrain with man-made objects and natural clutter. We have shown how many phenomenological aspects of the placement of road networks, tree clusters, populated areas, buildings, etc., can be captured in a computationally-efficient pseudorandom image-generation framework. We generate the underlying terrain with a fast Fourier based procedure. This procedure is seeded with a pseudorandom sequence, ...

Terrain Modelling Using the Split-Step Parabolic Equation Method

OCT 1992

6 pages

Authors: Amalia E. Barrios; NAVAL COMMAND CONTROL AND OCEAN SURVEILLANCE CENTER RDT AND E DIV SAN DIEGO CA

There are currently several software programs that model radiowave propagation over irregular terrain. These models use a combination of spherical earth diffraction, multiple knife-edge diffraction, wedge-diffraction, and geometrical optics to arrive at a solution for the field for a given transmitter/receiver geometry and a specified terrain path. More recently, parabolic equation (PE) methods have been applied to model propagation over terrain, such as that developed by Levy.... Propagation assessment, Command ...