| Lift and Drag Performance of Odontocete Cetacean Flippers |
Jan-2009 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Frank E Fish; Paul W Weber; Laurens E Howle; Mark M Murray; DUKE UNIV DURHAM NC DEPT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING AND MATERIALS SCIENCE
|
 | Cetaceans (whales, dolphins and porpoises) have evolved flippers that aid in effective locomotion through their aquatic environments. Differing evolutionary pressures upon cetaceans, including hunting and feeding requirements, and other factors such as animal mass and size have resulted in flippers that are unique among each species. Cetacean flippers may be viewed as being analogous to modern engineered hydrofoils, which have hydrodynamic properties such as lift coefficient, drag coefficient and associated ... |
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| Laboratory and Field Evaluation of SS220 and Deet Against Mosquitoes in Queensland, Australia |
Jan-2009 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
Jerome A Klun; Mustapha Debboun; Stephen P Frances; Donna O Mackenzie; ARMY MEDICAL DEPT CENTER AND SCHOOL FORT SAM HOUSTON TX
|
| Laboratory and field efficacy trials comparing deet (N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide) and SS220 [(1S, 2'S)-2-methylpiperindinyl-3-cyclohexen-1-carboxamide] against mosquitoes in Queensland, Australia, were conducted. In the laboratory, both compounds provided between 150 and 195 min of protection against Aedes aegypti and between 18 and 80 min of protection against Anopheles farauti. In laboratory tests against Culex annulirostris, 20% SS220 provided 3 h of protection and 20% deet provided 6 h of protection. A field efficacy ... |
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| Spray Characterization of Ultra-Low-Volume Sprayers Typically Used in Vector Control |
Jan-2009 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
W C Hoffmann; Bradley K Fritz; Yubin Lan; Todd W Walker; Muhammad Farooq; Vincent L Smith; Cathy A Robinson; Dan Szumlas; NAVY ENTOMOLOGY CENTER OF EXCELLENCE JACKSONVILLE FL
|
| Numerous spray machines are used to apply pesticides for the control of human disease vectors, such as mosquitoes and flies, and the selection and setup of these machines significantly affects the level of control achieved during an application. The droplet spectra produced by 9 different ultra-low? volume sprayers with oil- and water-based spray solutions were evaluated along with 2 thermal foggers with the use of diesel-based spray solutions. The droplet ... |
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| Importance of the What, When, and Where of Mosquito Collection Events |
Jan-2009 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
RichArd C Wilkerson; Leopoldo M Rueda; Desmond H Foley; WALTER REED ARMY INST OF RESEARCH SILVER SPRING MD DEPT OF ENTOMOLOGY
|
| There is increasing need to apply established standards for recording data on mosquito collection events, because of the diversity of potential data providers, and the growth and interoperability of online databases designed to host these collection records. In particular, adequate taxonomic and georeference data are needed for geodatabases such as Mosquito map (http://www. mosquitomap.org/) that map and compare these collection points with other spatial information in a geographical information system ... |
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| Does Acute Maternal Stress in Pregnancy Affect Infant Health Outcomes? Examination of a Large Cohort of Infants Born After the Terrorist Attacks of September 11, 2001 |
Jan 2009 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Skye M Endara; Margaret A Ryan; Carter J Sevick; Ava M Conlin; Caroline A Macera; Tyler C Smith; NAVAL HEALTH RESEARCH CENTER SAN DIEGO CA
|
| Background: Infants in utero during the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 may have been negatively affected by maternal stress. Studies to date have produced contradictory results. Methods: Data for this retrospective cohort study were obtained from the Department of Defense Birth and Infant Health Registry and included up to 164,743 infants born to active-duty military families. Infants were considered exposed if they were in utero on September 11, 2001, ... |
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| Beaked Whale Strandings and Naval Exercises |
Jan 2009 |
23 pages |
| Authors:
Angela D'Amico; Robert C Gisiner; Darlene R Ketten; Jennifer A Hammock; Chip Johnson; Peter L Tyack; James Mead; SPACE AND NAVAL WARFARE SYSTEMS CENTER SAN DIEGO CA
|
| Mass strandings of beaked whales (family Ziphiidae) have been reported in the scientific literature since 1874. Several recent mass strandings of beaked whales have been reported to coincide with naval active sonar exercises. To obtain the broadest assessment of surface ship naval active sonar operations coinciding with beaked whale mass strandings, a list of global naval training and antisubmarine warfare exercises was compiled from openly available sources and compared by ... |
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| Graying Panda Shrinking Dragon. The Impact of Chinese Demographic Changes on Northeast Asian Security |
Jan 2009 |
|
| Authors:
Matt Isler; NATIONAL DEFENSE UNIV WASHINGTON DC INST FOR NATIONAL STRATEGIC STUDIES
|
 | Since 1980, China's one child policy has successfully slowed its population growth and facilitated stable economic growth. By curtailing over 250 million births since its inception, however, the one child policy also induced significant long-term consequences. According to China's National Committee of Population and Planned Birth, China faces three major demographic events during the next 30 years: a peak of workers entering the labor market, a reversal of population growth, ... |
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| Army Selection and Training Research Interests |
02-Dec-2008 |
19 pages |
| Authors:
Michelle Sams; ARMY RESEARCH INST FOR THE BEHAVIORAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCES ALEXANDRIA VA
|
| PURPOSE: Provide an overview of ARI's research mission. For Soldier selection and training: Describe key Army challenges and research interests * Highlight ARI research efforts * Outline challenges for neuroscience research. |
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| A Transgenic Model for Learning Defects: Role of NF1 in Drosophila Visual-Spatial Learning |
01-Dec-2008 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
Frances Hannan; NEW YORK MEDICAL COLL VALHALLA
|
| Learning difficulties and attention deficits are observed in 40-50% of children with Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1). Additionally, many NF1 patients exhibit specific deficits in visuo-spatial tasks, such as the Judgment of Line Orientation task. Spatial learning is also disrupted in heterozygous mouse Nf1 mutants, and can be rescued by reducing Ras activity either genetically or pharmacologically. Conversely, olfactory learning defects observed in Nf1 mutant fruit flies are cAMP-dependent rather than ... |
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| Environmental Factors Affecting Aquatic Plant Growth Potential in Marinuka Lake, Wisconsin |
Dec-2008 |
14 pages |
| Authors:
William F James; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS
|
| Submersed aquatic macrophytes play an important role in stabilizing sediment from resuspension, sequestering nutrients, and reducing algal growth in shallow lakes. Loss of vegetation is usually accompanied by changes in stable state to one characterized by higher turbidity, low light penetration, and frequent noxious algal blooms. Aquatic vegetation once played an important role in stabilizing the sediment and providing important fish and water fowl habitat in Marinuka Lake, Wisconsin. However, ... |
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| Spray Characterization of Thermal Fogging Equipment Typically Used in Vector Control |
Dec-2008 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
W C Hoffmann; Y Huang; Y Lan; B Quinn; D Szumlas; V L Smith; T Gwinn; B K Fritz; T W Walker; D Sykes; SOUTHERN PLAINS AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH CENTER COLLEGE STATION TX AREAWIDE PEST MANAGEMENT RESEARCH UNIT
|
| Droplet size spectra from different sprayers used to generate insecticide-laden fogs for controlling flying insects were measured by a laser diffraction instrument and Teflon-coated slides. The objectives of this work were to present not only information on spray-system droplet size generated by different sprayers, but to compare methodologies by which other similar systems can be evaluated and give applicators sprayer-system performance data. Data from 45 replicated spray tests, comprising 11 ... |
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| Haptics/Graphics-Facilitated Learning and Neural Recovery |
Dec-2008 |
36 pages |
| Authors:
James Patton; ILLINOIS UNIV AT CHICAGO
|
| Applications for adaptive training (1) Rehabilitation (2) Teleoperation (3) Human-machine interactions (4) Learning and Co-Learning a Neural Machine Interface. |
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| Proceedings of the DOD Symposium on Evolution of Military Medical Entomology |
16-Nov-2008 |
83 pages |
| Authors:
ARMED FORCES PEST MANAGEMENT BOARD WASHINGTON DC
|
| Contents: ...drenched in dirt and drowned in abominations...: Insects and the Civil War , Military medical entomology during the Mexican-American and First World Wars: A coming of age, Entomologists in World War II, Entomological Issues during the Korean War; 1950-1953, Entomology with the U.S. Marines in Vietnam-Some Lessons Learned, Vector Control During Operation Restore Hope -Somalia, The Evolution of the Air Force Aerial Spray Capability, Vector Control during Humanitarian Assistance ... |
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| Zman Program |
07-Nov-2008 |
173 pages |
| Authors:
David J Carter; CHARLES STARK DRAPER LAB INC CAMBRIDGE MA
|
| This report details progress on the Zman program executed by Draper Laboratory. The goal of this program was to develop technology to aid a soldier in climbing, traversing and descending, without external aid, vertical walls at tactical speeds. Phase I of the program aimed to demonstrate adhesion of a 16 square inch patch to glass, aluminum, and brick adequate for static placement of a human climber. The technical approach is ... |
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| Invasive Species Biology, Control, and Research. Part 1: Kudzu (Pueraria montana) |
Nov-2008 |
24 pages |
| Authors:
Linda Nelson; Patrick J Guertin; Michael L Denight; Dick L Gebhart; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER CHAMPAIGN IL CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING RESEARCH LAB
|
| A 2007 Report to Congress documented a crucial factor in the loss of Army training land: uncontrolled vegetation growth. Of the 53 installations surveyed for the report, 30 reported that approximately 12 percent of their training lands were unusable for certain types of training. Uncontrolled vegetation was a source of such problems as an inability to conduct mounted and dismounted maneuver training, interference with equipment used in line-of-sight training, safety ... |
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| Invasive Species Biology, Control, and Research. Part 2. Multiflora Rose (Rosa multiflora) |
Nov-2008 |
26 pages |
| Authors:
Linda Nelson; Patrick J Guertin; Michael L Denight; Dick L Gebhart; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS
|
| A 2007 Report to Congress documented a crucial factor in the loss of Army training land: uncontrolled vegetation growth. Of the 53 installations surveyed for the report, 30 reported that approximately 12 percent of their training lands were unusable for certain types of training. Uncontrolled vegetation was a source of such problems as an inability to conduct mounted and dismounted maneuver training, interference with equipment used in line-of-sight training, safety ... |
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| Proteomic Study of Human Malaria Parasite Plasmodium Vivax Liver Stages for Development of Vaccines and Drugs |
02-Oct-2008 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Jetsumon Prachumsri; GENEVA FOUNDATION LAKEWOOD WA
|
| GFP plasmids were constructed and used for transfection of blood and sporozoite stages of P. vivax. GFP transformed parasites were observed when transfection was performed using blood stage parasites. Transfection of GFP plasmids into liver cells could enhance plasmid uptake of the sporozoites after invasion of the liver cells. Optimization of transfection for the GFP plasmids to blood and sporozoite stages need to be further optimized. Partial proteomic of sporozoite ... |
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| Epidermal Laser Stimulation of Action Potentials in the Frog Sciatic Nerve |
Oct-2008 |
16 pages |
| Authors:
Nichole M Jindra; Robert J Thomas; Douglas N Goddard; Michelle L Imholte; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB BROOKS AFB TX HUMAN EFFECTIVENESS DIR/DIRECTED ENERGY BIOEFFECTS DIV
|
| Measurements of laser stimulated action potentials in the sciatic nerve of leopard frogs (Rana pipiens) were made using two infrared lasers. The dorsal sides of the frog's hind limbs were exposed to short-pulsed 1540 nm and 1064 nm wavelengths at three separate spot sizes: 2 mm, 3 mm, and 4 mm. Energy density thresholds were determined for eliciting an action potential at each experimental condition. Results from these exposures showed ... |
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| Spatially-Explicit Assessments of Genetic Biodiversity and Dispersal in Gopher Tortoises for Evaluation of Habitat Fragmentation at DoD Sites |
Oct-2008 |
42 pages |
| Authors:
Christopher W Theodorakis; SOUTHERN ILLINOIS UNIV AT EDWARDSVILLE DEPT OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
|
| The objective was to perform a proof of principle assessment of genetic diversity and gene flow of gopher tortoises on Camp Shelby, MS. The specific aims were to determine if there is evidence that military activity affects genetic diversity and gene flow. DNA was extracted from the blood of gopher tortoises collected from 22 colonies in and around Camp Shelby. The amount of genetic diversity in each colony and treatment ... |
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| An Instance of Tick Feeding to Repletion Inside a Human Nostril |
Oct-2008 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
Richard G Robbins; Gary P Aronsen; YALE UNIV NEW HAVEN CT DEPT OF ANTHROPOLOGY
|
| A single fully engorged nymphal tick of the genus Amblyomma was collected from the nostril of a field researcher returning from Kibale National Park, Uganda. While unfed ticks have previously been removed from human nostrils, this is the first time that a specimen so situated was permitted to feed to repletion and detach naturally. |
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| Applications of GIS, Advanced Sensors and Habitat Modeling in Support of Desert Tortoise Line Distance, Sampling and Translocation Studies Related to the Proposed Expansion of the Ft. Irwin NTC |
25-Sep-2008 |
29 pages |
| Authors:
Jordan Henk; REDLANDS UNIV CA
|
| This University of Redlands (University) research program (the Desert Tortoise Project; DTP), was designed to improve terrestrial science and to explore and apply a variety of information science technology, tools, and methods to equip land managers, decision-makers and policy-makers with science-based alternatives for the recovery of the desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii, federally-listed in 1990 as a threatened species) within the West Mojave Recovery Unit (WMRU) of Southern California, and specifically, ... |
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| Advanced Mathematical Modeling of Sonar-Induced Bubble Growth and Coalescence in Humans and Marine Mammals |
01-Sep-2008 |
30 pages |
| Authors:
Yurii A Ilinskii; Preston S Wilson; Mark F Hamilton; TEXAS UNIV AT AUSTIN APPLIED RESEARCH LABS
|
| For high gas supersaturation levels in liquids, on the order of 300% as predicted in capillaries of marine mammals following a series of dives, standard mathematical models of both static and rectified diffusion are found to underestimate the rate of bubble growth by 10%-20%. The discrepancy is demonstrated by comparing predictions based on existing mathematical models with direct numerical solutions of the differential equations for gas diffusion in the liquid ... |
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| Effects of Quality Composts and Other Organic Amendments and Their Humic and Fulvic Acid Fractions on the Germination and Early Growth of Slickspot Peppergrass (Lepidium Papilliferum) and Switchgrass in Various Experimental Conditions |
01-Sep-2008 |
24 pages |
| Authors:
Senesi Nicola; UNIVERSITA DI BARI (ITALY)
|
| Three representative and different composts were selected and used in this work: a green compost (GC), a mixed compost (MC) and a green coffee compost (GCC). The three composts were characterized by means of conventional methods for several chemical and physical properties, including pH, electrical conductivity (EC), moisture and ash contents, total organic carbon (TOC) content, total N content, C/N ratio and humic acid-like (HAL) content. Seeds of slickspot peppergrass ... |
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| Hantavirus Prevention: Cleanup of Rodent Contamination |
01-Sep-2008 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
ARMY CENTER FOR HEALTH PROMOTION AND PREVENTIVE MEDICINE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| Hantaviruses in the Americas may cause human disease involving the lungs, hence the name hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS). Since May 1993, a total of 416 HPS cases (as of 1 February 2006) have been confirmed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in residents of 32 states, with 39 of these cases identified retrospectively with onset of illness prior to May 1993. One hundred and six (38%) of ... |
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| Echolocation-Based Foraging by Harbor Porpoises and Sperm Whales, Including Effects on Noise and Acoustic Propagation |
Sep-2008 |
|
| Authors:
Stacy L DeRuiter; MASSACHUSETTS INST OF TECH CAMBRIDGE
|
| This thesis provides quantitative descriptions of toothed whale echolocation and foraging behavior, including assessment of the effects of noise on foraging behavior and the potential influence of ocean acoustic propagation conditions on biosonar detection ranges and whale noise exposure. Chapter 2 details the application of a modified version of the Dtag to study harbor porpoise echolocation. Study results indicate how porpoises vary the rate and level of their echolocation clicks ... |
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| Concepts and Procedures for Updating the National Wetland Plant List |
Sep-2008 |
36 pages |
| Authors:
Robert W Lichvar; Paul Minkin; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER HANOVER NH COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB
|
| The National Wetland Plant List, formerly called the National List of Plant Species that Occur in Wetlands and last officially updated in 1988, is being revised by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and the Natural Resources Conservation Service. The list is used as part of the wetland delineation process, in the restoration of wetlands, and as a resource ... |
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| Faunal Biogeography Community Structure and Genetic Connectivity of North Atlantic Seamounts |
Sep-2008 |
|
| Authors:
Walter W Cho; WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION MA
|
| The mechanisms of faunal dispersal across ocean basins are key unknowns toward understanding of the modern biogeography and biodiversity of deep-sea fauna. Seamounts are considered to play a defining role in faunal evolution, acting as regional centers of speciation, stepping-stones for dispersal, and/or refugia for deep-sea populations. The overarching goal of this dissertation was to examine the role of seamounts in structuring marine biodiversity and biogeography. This study focused on ... |
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| Influence of Snail on Integrin Beta 1 Expression/Activity in Breast Carcinoma |
Sep-2008 |
29 pages |
| Authors:
Robin E Bachelder; DUKE UNIV DURHAM NC
|
| We provide the first evidence that Snail-1, a tumor progression factor[1-3], influences breast tumor cell adhesion to matrix proteins. Specifically, we show that Snail-1 reduces alpha2 beta1 integrin expression levels in breast tumor cells. This novel Snail-1 activity results in impaired tumor cell adhesion to the alpha2 beta1 integrin-binding matrix protein Collagen-1. As a specificity control, we show that Snail-1 does not influence alpha5 beta1 integrin levels or alpha5 beta1 ... |
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| Influence of Snail on Integrin Beta l Expression/Activity in Breast Carcinoma |
Sep-2008 |
29 pages |
| Authors:
Robin E Bachelder; DUKE UNIV MEDICAL CENTER DURHAM NC
|
| We provide the first evidence that Snail-1, a tumor progression factor[1-3], influences breast tumor cell adhesion to matrix proteins. Specifically, we show that Snail-1 reduces alpha2 beta1 integrin expression levels in breast tumor cells. This novel Snail-1 activity results in impaired tumor cell adhesion to the alpha2 beta1 integrin-binding matrix protein Collagen-1. As a specificity control, we show that Snail-1 does not influence alpha5 beta1 integrin levels or alpha5 beta1 ... |
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| Toxicity in Rhesus Monkeys Following Administration of the 8-Aminoquinoline 8-[(4-amino-l-methylbutyl)amino]-5(l-hexyloxy)-6-methoxy-4-methylquinoline (WR242511) |
Sep-2008 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Gary A Rockwood; Steven M Duniho; Crystal M Briscoe; Mark B Gold; Kevin R Armstrong; Anita V Moran; David W Kahler; Steven I Baskin; ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INST OF CHEMICAL DEFENSE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| Many substances that form methemoglobin (MHb) effectively counter cyanide (CN) toxicity. Although MHb formers are generally applied as treatments for CN poisoning, it has been proposed that a stable, long-acting MHb former could serve as a CN pretreatment. Using this rationale, the 8-aminoquinoline WR242511, a potent long-lasting MHb former in rodents and beagle dogs, was studied in the rhesus monkey for advanced development as a potential CN pretreatment. |
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| A Multi-Resolution Hidden Markov Model for Optimal Detection, Tracking, Separation, and Classification of Marine Mammal Vocalizations |
Sep-2008 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
Paul M Baggenstoss; Brian F Harrison; NAVAL UNDERSEA WARFARE CENTER DIV NEWPORT RI
|
| We employ the multi-resolution hidden Markov model (MRHMM) to develop an improved algorithm for modeling marine mammal wandering tone vocalizations (whistles). A vocalization is modeled by a series of time segments in which the signal has a constant frequency rate (chirps). Rather than using chirps of uniform length, the segments are allowed to be of variable size, thus adapting to both short rapid changes in frequency rate as well as ... |
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| Comparison of Relocatable Commercial Vehicle Washing Systems |
Sep 2008 |
31 pages |
| Authors:
Joseph Fleming; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER CHAMPAIGN IL
|
| Many land management activities on Federal, State, and private lands involve the movement of vehicles and equipment along gravel roads and in off-road locations where plant propagules can be picked up and transported. When relocated to new areas invasive and nonnative species of plants can become established and compromise the native ecosystem service and function. Plant propagules can be transported directly on the undercarriage components of vehicles. Several contractors have ... |
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| Development of New Genetic Manipulation Tools for Metabolic Engineering of Diatoms |
28-Aug-2008 |
16 pages |
| Authors:
Mark Hildebrand; CALIFORNIA UNIV SAN DIEGO LA JOLLA
|
| This project's goal was to develop genetic manipulation tools for metabolic engineering of diatoms for biodiesel lipid production and other purposes. New diatom selectable markers were tested, relying on mutations to antibiotic resistance in two ribosomal protein genes. Three new diatom transformation vectors were constructed, using the nat1 gene as selectable marker placed under control of either the Thalassiosira pseudonana ACCase promoter, Nitzschia alba rpL41 promoter, or SV40 promoter. An ... |
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| New Record and Updated Checklists of the Mosquitoes of Afghanistan and Iraq |
12-Aug-2008 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Leopoldo M Rueda; James E Pecor; Robert G Lowen; Mark Carder; WALTER REED ARMY INST OF RESEARCH SILVER SPRING MD
|
| This report includes a new distribution record and updated checklists of the mosquitoes known to occur in both Afghanistan and Iraq, based on our field collections from various localities during 2003-2005 and on accessioned specimens deposited in the U. S. National Museum of Natural History (USNMNH), Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. |
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| A Comprehensive Web-Based Library of Marine Biological Sounds |
07-Jul-2008 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
Jack W Bradbury; CORNELL LAB OF ORNITHOLOGY ITHACA NY MACAULAY LIBRARY
|
| This project funded the creation of the world's largest online reference collection of marine animal sounds at the Macaulay Library (Cornell Lab of Ornithology). Over a 6 year period, 5700 audio clips (1200 hours) of marine mammal and fish sound recordings were digitized, documented in an extensive metadata base, and made available for free online playback. Users can search the collection using a variety of criteria and either play back ... |
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| Susceptibility of Peruvian Mosquitoes to Eastern Equine Encephalitis virus |
01-Jul-2008 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
M J Turell; M L O'Guinn; D Dohm; M Zyzak; D Watts; R Fernandez; C Calampa; T A Klein; J W Jones; ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INST OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES FORT DETRICK MD VIROLOGY DIV
|
| Mosquitoes were collected in the Amazon Basin, near Iquitos, Peru, and used in experimental studies to evaluate their susceptibility to strains of eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) that were isolated from mosquitoes captured within 20 Km of Iquitos. When fed on hamsters or chickens with a viremia of ~10(5) plaque-forming units (PFU) of virus per ml, Culex pedroi Sirivanakarn and Belkin, Aedes fulvus (Wiedemann), Psorophora albigenu (Peryassu), and Psorophora ferox ... |
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| Regulation of Oil Biosynthesis in Algae |
25-Jun-2008 |
3 pages |
| Authors:
Christoph Benning; Eric R Moellering; Rachel Miller; Marie Fedewa; MICHIGAN STATE UNIV EAST LANSING CONTRACT AND GRANT ADMINISTRATION
|
| Many algae including Chlamydomonas accumulate triacylglycerols when cultures enter stationary phase leading to nutrient limitation. The identification of microalgal genes encoding the enzymes and regulatory factors required for the induction of oil biosynthesis is the immediate goal of the proposed work. Towards this end the following findings were met: 1.) A mutant screen to isolate gene disruption mutants of Chlamydomonas was established and 15 mutants were identified with altered lipid ... |
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| A Predictive Model for Satellite-Derived Phytoplankton Absorption Over the Louisiana Shelf Hypoxic Zone: Effects of Nutrients and Physical Forcing |
06-Jun-2008 |
18 pages |
| Authors:
Rebecca E Green; Gould; Richard W Jr; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
|
| We investigated environmental forcing mechanisms of phytoplankton absorption near the Mississippi River delta using multi-year satellite data. An algorithm for the phytoplankton absorption coefficient was developed from in situ measurements and applied to ocean color imagery. We employed a suite of chemical and physical forcing variables, including surface currents. For satellite-derived time series (2002-2004) correlation and stepwise regression analyses revealed the most important forcing variables on the Louisiana shelf. Mississippi ... |
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| Potential for Introduction of Invasive Species into Louisiana from Illinois River Dredged Material |
01-Jun-2008 |
38 pages |
| Authors:
Judy F Shearer; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS ENVIRONMENTAL LAB
|
| Through human and natural activities, land loss in the Louisiana Coastal Area has exceeded 1.2 million acres since the 1930s. Restoration of the region will require new technologies and significant inputs on many fronts. One innovative proposal to aid in restoration efforts has been to transport dredged sediments from the Illinois River to Louisiana for land building and marsh restoration. Of concern in such a project is the potential for ... |
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| Large-Scale Submerged Aquatic Vegetation Restoration in Chesapeake Bay: Status Report, 2003-2006 |
01-Jun-2008 |
91 pages |
| Authors:
Deborah J Shafer; Peter Bergstrom; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS ENVIRONMENTAL LAB
|
| In 2003, the U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Chesapeake Bay Office began a comprehensive research effort to restore submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) in the Chesapeake Bay region. The effort employed an agricultural approach to restore under-water grasses by using seeds to produce new plants and mechanical equipment to plant seeds and harvest. Since this research initiative began, an average of ... |
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| Functional Characterization and Expression of Molluscan Detoxification Enzymes and Transporters Involved in Dietary Allelochemical Resistance |
01-Jun-2008 |
|
| Authors:
Kristen E Whalen; MASSACHUSETTS INST OF TECH CAMBRIDGE
|
| The processes underlying dietary allelochemical tolerance are likely mediated, in part, by biochemical resistance mechanisms that have evolved under the selective pressure of host chemical defenses. Although many have invoked this hypothesis to explain the variation in marine consumer tolerance, few studies have examined the enzymatic diversity and corresponding metabolism of dietary allelochemicals. Molecular and proteomic techniques identified both allelochemically-responsive cytochrome P450s (CYPs), and constitutively expressed glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) and ... |
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| Metapopulation Dynamics of the Softshell Clam, Mya arenaria |
01-Jun-2008 |
|
| Authors:
Carly A Strasser; MASSACHUSETTS INST OF TECH CAMBRIDGE
|
| I explored metapopulation dynamics and population connectivity, with a focus on the softshell clam, Mya arenaria. I first worked towards developing a method for using elemental signatures retained in the larval shell as a tag of natal habitat. Using a laboratory experiment, I showed that current instrumentation is not able to measure the first larval shell. In concert with developing this method, I reared larval M. arenaria in the laboratory ... |
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| Orchestration: The Movement and Vocal Behavior of Free-Ranging Norwegian Killer Whales (Orcinus Orca) |
01-Jun-2008 |
304 pages |
| Authors:
Ari D Shapiro; MASSACHUSETTS INST OF TECH CAMBRIDGE JOINT PROGRAM IN APPLIED OCEAN SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
|
| Studying the social and cultural transmission of behavior among animals helps to identify patterns and content of interaction. Killer whales likely acquire traits culturally based on their stable social groups, population-specific feeding behaviors, and group-distinctive vocal repertoires. Digital tags were used to record the movements and vocalizations of Norwegian killer whales. These animals carousel feed, corralling herring into a ball before tail slapping, incapacitating and eating the fish. Periods of ... |
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| Using the Internet to Collaborate with Consumers in Redefining a Psychosocial Agenda for Families with Hereditary Breast Cancer |
01-Jun-2008 |
31 pages |
| Authors:
James C Coyne; PENNSYLVANIA UNIV PHILADELPHIA
|
| Women at increased risk of Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancers (HBOC) and their families face dilemmas about testing risk management and family dissemination of results. They face problems regarding the accuracy of the information they have received difficulties accessing new information and specialized services and resistance and misinformation from inadequately informed health care professionals in the community. Thus they are forced to develop their own informal means of individual and ... |
|
| Elucidating Mechanisms of Farnesyltransferase Inhibitor Action and Resistance in Breast Cancer by Bioluminescence Imaging |
Jun-2008 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
David Piwnica-Worms; Ken Blumer; WASHINGTON UNIV ST LOUIS MO
|
| Farnesyltransferase inhibitors (FTIs) block the post-translational processing of signaling proteins, such as Ras, that have key roles in breast cancer biology. In phase II trials, FTIs have exhibited clinical benefit toward a subset of breast cancer patients. However, FTIs have yet to be used widely in breast cancer therapy because it is not yet possible to identify patients likely to be FTI-sensitive or to use combinatorial therapy to broaden the ... |
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| Gene Therapy for Osteolytic Breast Cancer Bone Metastasis |
Jun-2008 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Selvarangan Ponnazhagan; ALABAMA UNIV IN BIRMINGHAM
|
| Bone is the frequent metastatic site for human breast cancer resulting in significant morbidity and mortality in patients with advanced disease. Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is a decoy receptor that competes with RANK for RANKL, thus, modulating the effects of RANKL. However, during the metastatic events involving cancer and stromal cell interaction, endogenous OPG levels are markedly reduced. Thus, OPG remains an effective molecule for future therapies for bone metastasis. We sought ... |
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| Synthesis and Bioassay of Improved Mosquito Repellents Predicted From Chemical Structure |
27-May-2008 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
ZUOQUAN WANG; C D Hall; Novruz G Akhmedov; Dimitar Dobchev; Maia Tsikolia; Svetoslav Slavov; Alan R Katritzky; Gary G Clark; Kenneth J Linthicum; Ulrich R Bernier; FLORIDA UNIV GAINESVILLE DEPT OF CHEMISTRY
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| Mosquito repellency data on acylpiperidines derived from the U.S. Department of Agriculture archives were modeled by using molecular descriptors calculated by CODESSA PRO software. An artificial neural network model was developed for the correlation of these archival results and used to predict the repellent activity of novel compounds of similar structures. A series of 34 promising N-acylpiperidine mosquito repellent candidates (4a-4q') were synthesized by reactions of acylbenzotriazoles 2a-2p with piperidines ... |
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| Biomarkers of Risk for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) |
01-May-2008 |
21 pages |
| Authors:
Audrey R Tyrka; BUTLER HOSPITAL PROVIDENCE RI
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| The objective of this proposal is to study genetic and neuroendocrine biomarkers of risk in a carefully assessed population of military personnel who have recently returned from war zones. The target sample includes 300 men and women who have recently returned from hazardous deployment and are undergoing a comprehensive assessment of symptoms and stressors in a related 12-month longitudinal study. To date, we have enrolled 125 subjects. Samples of saliva ... |
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| Assessing a Drosophila Metastasis Model in Mouse and Human Breast Cancer |
May-2008 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Katherine Weilbaecher; Ross Cagan; WASHINGTON UNIV ST LOUIS MO SCHOOL OF MEDICINE
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| We propose to combine our expertise to target a process that is critical to breast cancer metastasis that is likely conserved in flies, mice and humans. The advantages of addressing the question of metastasis through the combined expertise of the Cagan and Weilbaecher labs is that we will use the powerful genetic tools provided by Drosophila that will identify key genetic pathways critical to tumor cell migration and metastasis that ... |
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| Topically Applied AaeIAP1 Double-Stranded RNA Kills Female Adults of Aedes aegypti |
May-2008 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Kenneth J Linthicum; Daniel A Strickman; Julia W Pridgeon; Liming Zhao; James J Becnel; Gary G Clark; AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE GAINESVILLE FL CENTER FOR MEDICAL AGRICULTURAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY
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| Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae) is the primary vector of both dengue and yellow fever. Use of insecticides is one of the primary ways to control this medically important insect pest. However, few new insecticides have been developed for mosquito control in recent years. As a part of our effort to develop new insecticides to control mosquitoes, an inhibitor of apoptosis protein 1 gene in Aedes aegypti (AaeIAP1) was targeted ... |
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Biology
