| Optimization of Environmental Conditions to Maximize Carbon Dioxide Sequestration Through Algal Growth |
Mar 2010 |
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| Authors:
Kenneth M Karcher; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT
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 | The micro-alga Chlorella vulgaris was cultivated under a variety of environmental conditions in various culture media solutions to optimize growth rate and biomass productivity. Efforts during this work investigated growth at the micro-scale in an air-lift bubble system with the goal of interpreting performance characteristics for application to a larger tubular Photo-bioreactor. Maximum growth rates and biomass yields were 0.65 d-1 and 2.003 g biomass/L and achieved in seven days ... |
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| Form, Function and Flow in the Plankton: Jet Propulsion and Filtration by Pelagic Tunicates |
Feb 2010 |
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| Authors:
Kelly R Sutherland; WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION MA
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| Trade-offs between filtration rate and swimming performance among several salp species with distinct morphologies and swimming styles were compared. Small-scale particle encounter at the salp filtering apparatus was also explored. Observations and experiments were conducted at the Liquid Jungle Lab, off the Pacific coast of Panama in January 2006 through 2009. First, time-varying body volume was calculated by digitizing salp outlines from in situ video sequences. The resulting volume flow ... |
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| Suitability of Using Introduced Hydrellia spp. for Management of Monoecious Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle |
Feb 2010 |
14 pages |
| Authors:
Michael Grodowitz; Julie Nachtrieb; Nathan Harms; Jan Freedman; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS
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 | The main objective of this study was to determine the suitability of using introduced hydrilla leaf-mining flies (Hydrellia pakistanae Deonier and H. balciunasi Bock) for the management of monoecious hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle). This was accomplished using a variety of procedures and experimental designs, including small container bioassays, development of a greenhouse-based fly colony reared exclusively on monoecious hydrilla, a larger tank study designed to evaluate short-term impact on ... |
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| Development of a Wideband Acoustic Recording Tag to Assess the Acoustic Behavior of Marine Wildlife |
Jan 2010 |
34 pages |
| Authors:
William C Burgess; GREENERIDGE SCIENCES INC SANTA BARBARA CA
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| Instrumentation capable of monitoring free-ranging marine animals is an essential foundation for research on sound and marine wildlife. Acoustic recording tags, in particular, offer the capability to record a subject's acoustic exposure as well as its vocalizations and kinematics, providing a complete picture of a wild animal's acoustically-related behavior. In 2006, the Office of Naval Research (ONR) initiated support to Greeneridge Sciences to expand the capability of the first and ... |
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| Sensory Coordination of Insect Flight |
29 Dec 2009 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Sanjay P Sane; TATA INST OF FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH BANGALORE (INDIA)
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| The goal of this research is to develop three flight assays to offer a comparative test of various behaviors under combinations of visual and mechanisensory stimuli. These assays will be used to quantify behavioral latencies of flying insects. |
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| Ability of Two Natural Products, Nootkatone and Carvacrol, to Suppress Ixodes Scapularis and Amblyomma americanum (Acari: Ixodidae) in a Lyme Disease Endemic Area of New Jersey |
Dec 2009 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
Marc C Dolan; Robert A Jordan; Terry L Schulze; Christopher J Schulze; Mark C Manning; Daniel Ruffolo; Jason P Schmidt; Joseph Piesman; Joseph J Karchesy; CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION ATLANTA GA
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| We evaluated the ability of the natural, plant-derived acaricides nootkatone and carvacrol to suppress Ixodes scapularis Say and Amblyomma americanum (L.) (Acari: Ixodidae). Aqueous formulations of 1 and 5% nootkatone applied by backpack sprayer to the forest litter layer completely suppressed I. scapularis nymphs through 2 d. Thereafter, the level of reduction gradually declined to -50% at 28 d postapplication. Against A. americanum nymphs, 1% nootkatone was less effective, but ... |
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| Aerodynamics Characteristics of Butterfly Flight Through Measurement of Three-Dimensional Unsteady Velocity Field Using TR-PIV System |
19-Nov-2009 |
43 pages |
| Authors:
Debopam Das; INDIAN INST OF TECH KANPUR
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| This report investigates understanding insect flight (having flapping and feathering motion) in view of lift & thrust generation, essential for flight control, with simultaneous measurement of velocity and forces. The present work is divided into two major portions. One being the flow visualization and PIV measurements, the other is force measurement. |
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| Molecular Genetic Studies of Bone Mechanical Strain and of Pedigrees with Very High Bone Density |
Nov 2009 |
51 pages |
| Authors:
Subburaman Mohan; LOMA LINDA VETERANS ASSOCIATION FOR RESEARCH AND EDUCATION REDLANDS CA
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| The primary goal of the proposed work is to identify the genes and their functions involved in mediating the anabolic response to mechanical stress. During the past year, we have used state-of-the-art technologies to investigate the role of a number of potential candidate genes in mediating skeletal anabolic response to mechanical loading. We found that modulation of leptin signaling influences mechanical loading response in the skeleton. We have also established ... |
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| Records of Ixodes Pomeranzevi Serdyukova, 1941 (Acari: Ixodidae) from Small Mammals in Northern Gyeonggi and Gangwon Provinces, Republic of Korea |
Oct 2009 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Heung C Kim; Jin H Kim; Yeong S Jo; Sung T Chong; William J Sames; Terry A Klein; Richard G Robbins; 168TH MULTIFUNCTIONAL MEDICAL BATTALION APO AP 96205-5247 65TH MEDICAL BRIGADE
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| During 2008, small mammals were captured and examined for ticks at Chipori (Gangwon Province) and Nightmare (Gyeonggi Province) Ranges near the Demilitarized Zone, Republic of Korea (ROK). Ixodes nipponensis Kitaoka and Saito (75 nymphs, 835 larvae) was collected from Apodemus agrarius (Pallas), Micromys minutus (Pallas), and Crocidura lasiura Dobson, while Ixodes pomeranzevi Serdyukova (2 females, 4 nymphs) was collected only from A. agrarius. Separately, I. pomeranzevi (15 females, 5 nymphs, ... |
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| Aerobiology in Biodefense III |
Oct 2009 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
Ashley Bordas; TRUE RESEARCH FOUNDATION SAN ANTONIO TX
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| In July 2009 the Aerobiology in Biodefense III Symposium was held at Rocky Gap Conference Center in Cumberland, MD. The Symposium was co-sponsored, in part, by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency through a grant awarded by the U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command. Other co-sponsors included the National Institute of Allergies and Infectious Diseases, the National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center, and the TRUE Research Foundation. The Symposium provided ... |
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| Effect of Submersed Applications of Bispyribac-sodium on Non-target Emergent Vegetation |
Sep-2009 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
LeeAnn M Glomski; Linda S Nelson; Christopher R Mudge; Al Cofrancesco; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS
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| During the registration process for evaluating aquatic herbicides, it is important to determine both the efficacy on target vegetation as well as the potential impacts on non-target vegetation. Herbicide applications for submersed weeds can negatively impact some non-target emergent species. Factors such as the plant species and growth stage, and the herbicide treatment rates and exposure time can often dictate the selective potential of an aquatic herbicide. There are currently ... |
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| Distribution and Abundance of Piping Plovers (Charadrius melodus) and Snowy Plovers (Charadrius alexandrinus) on the West Coast of Florida Before and After the 2004/2005 Hurricane Seasons |
Sep-2009 |
47 pages |
| Authors:
Casey A Lott; AMERICAN BIRD CONSERVANCY
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| In 2004 and 2005 several large hurricanes (category 3 or greater) made landfall along Florida's barrier island shorelines. Where shorelines were developed, storms did millions of dollars in structural damage. Where previous shoreline protection had occurred in the form of beach nourishment or dune restoration, much of this sand was removed. On public lands, overwash from storms removed beach and dune vegetation, redistributed sand, created new inlets, and in some ... |
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| Mechanism of RDX-Induced Seizures in Rats |
Sep-2009 |
26 pages |
| Authors:
Desmond I Bannon; Larry R Williams; ARMY CENTER FOR HEALTH PROMOTION AND PREVENTIVE MEDICINE APG MD HEALTH EFFECTS RESEARCH PROGRAM
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| RDX is found in soil and ground water in and surrounding training ranges, creating potential hazards to human health. Oral RDX over-exposure causes seizure in rats and humans, the mechanism of which is unknown. In this study rats were dosed orally at 75 mgkg RDX to induce seizure. The brain concentration of RDX was determined in samples taken from rats euthanized at the time of seizure onset: brain acetylchohnesterase was ... |
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| Cultivar Determination of Ricinus communis via the Metabolome: a Proof of Concept Investigation |
Aug-2009 |
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| Authors:
Simon P Ovenden; David J Bourne; Benjamin R Gordon; Christina K Bagas; Bob Muir; Simone Rochfort; DEFENCE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ORGANISATION VICTORIA (AUSTRALIA) HUMAN PROTECTION AND PERFORMANCE DIV
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| Investigations were undertaken to ascertain the appropriateness of studying the metabolome of Ricinus communis for cultivar and provenance determination. Seeds from fourteen R. communis specimens (a total of 56 seeds) collected from the east coast of Australia were analysed by various analytical chemistry methods. The data collected from these investigations were then analysed using Principal Component Analysis. The outcomes from these investigations are discussed in this technical report. |
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| Production and Field Planting of Vegetative Propagules for Restoration of Redhead Grass and Sago Pondweed in Chesapeake Bay |
Aug-2009 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
Deborah Shafer; Laura Murray; W M Kemp; Deborah Hindle; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS
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| During the last several decades, seagrasses and related submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) have been lost from shallow waters of Chesapeake Bay (Orth and Moore 1983) and other coastal ecosystems worldwide (Short and Wyllie-Echeverria 1996). Losses of SAV beds are of particular concern because these plants tend to create rich habitat and food for animals, supporting growth of diverse fish, invertebrate and waterfowl populations (e.g., Kemp et al. 1984; Orth and ... |
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| Ecological Effects of Exotic and Native Aquatic Vegetation |
Aug-2009 |
125 pages |
| Authors:
R M Smart; Gary O Dick; Joe R Snow; David R Honnell; Dian H Smith; JoEtta K Smith; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER LEWISVILLE TX LEWISVILLE AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM RESEARCH FACILITY
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| This report documents a study of environmental conditions and habitat quality of replicated pond ecosystems dominated by populations of exotic plants or mixed communities of native aquatic plants. Study ponds were similar in depth, size, and shape, as well as in (initial) water and sediment composition. The study design called for two phases, the first to evaluate developing plant communities, and the second to evaluate mature plant communities. This report ... |
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| Biologically Inspired Nano-Contact Mechanics |
20-Jul-2009 |
19 pages |
| Authors:
Pradeep R Guduru; BROWN UNIV PROVIDENCE RI DIV OF ENGINEERING
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| The objective of this project was to investigate the mechanics aspects of biological adhesion and friction mechanisms of small animals and insects and to extract canonical principles that can help design synthetic surface micro-architectures that can mimic the exceptional adhesion capabilities of these animals. Our approach included theoretical modeling, experimental validation of the models and fabrication & testing of microstructures. Significant progress has been made in developing a fundamental mechanistic ... |
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| A Spatially Explicit Model of Red Imported Fire Ant Behavior for Managing Species at Risk on Military Lands |
Jul-2009 |
37 pages |
| Authors:
James Westervelt; Tim Peterson; Bart Rossmann; John Drake; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER CHAMPAIGN IL CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING RESEARCH LAB
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| Cave cricket populations are essential to the survival of many rare invertebrates that are endemic to the karst regions of Fort Hood, TX. These crickets bring organic matter into the caves, where it serves as an energy source for a variety of karst invertebrates. At Fort Hood, Red Imported Fire Ants (RIFA) migrating from South America into the southern United States prey upon cave crickets, which potentially threatens some populations ... |
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| Membrane Heterogeneity in Akt Activation in Prostate Cancer |
Jul-2009 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Martin H Hager; CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL MEDICAL CENTER BOSTON MA
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| This project focuses on the novel finding from our group that the serine-threonine kinase Akt1 partitions into specialized membrane microdomains, termed lipid rafts, and that this localization event strongly influences the nature of Akt1 signaling. Lipid rafts are cholesterol-enriched membrane microdomains that serve as signal transduction platforms by sequestering and excluding signaling proteins and by harboring multi-protein complexes. Evidence was presented in the original proposal that in prostate cancer cells ... |
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| Mammalian Survey Techniques for Level II Natural Resource Inventories on Corps of Engineers Projects (Part 1) |
Jul-2009 |
28 pages |
| Authors:
Chester O Martin; CORPS OF ENGINEERS WASHINGTON DC ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT AND RESTORATION RESEARCH PROGRAM
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| This technical note is a product of the Ecosystem Management and Restoration Research Program (EMRRP) work unit titled Natural Resource Inventories for Special Status Species on Corps Operating Projects. The objective of this note is to provide information on methods for conducting inventories of mammalian species to satisfy the requirements of Level II Natural Resources Inventories for Corps of Engineers operating projects. General information is provided on survey methodologies for ... |
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| Development of a Multi-Attribute Utility Analysis Model for Selecting Aquatic Plant Restoration Sites in Reservoirs |
Jul-2009 |
14 pages |
| Authors:
M J Grodowitz; M Smart; G O Dick; J A Stokes; J Snow; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS
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| This technical note describes development of a decision support tool that uses multiattribute utility analysis to aid resource managers in selection of suitable sites for establishing native aquatic vegetation in large, multi-purpose reservoirs. |
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| Viper Plague Project |
Jul-2009 |
50 pages |
| Authors:
Carrie Andrews; Isaac Rosas; Yvette Gonzalez; Johnathan L de los Kiel; Amy Santos; Jill E Parker; CONCEPTUAL MINDWORKS INC SAN ANTONIO TX
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| The term Viper Plague was coined for a lethal disease state seen in snakes belonging to a private herpetological collection infested with ticks (Kiel et al, 2006). Viper Plague presented signs and symptoms in the reptiles that were characteristically nearly identical to the Erhlichia disease Heartwater, also known as Cowdriosis, a highly lethal livestock disease (a USDA non-overlap Select Agent pathogen, exotic). It was revealed that some of the snakes ... |
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| DURIP: Vector Sensor Array |
01-Jun-2009 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Grant B Deane; SCRIPPS INSTITUTION OF OCEANOGRAPHY LA JOLLA CA MARINE PHYSICAL LAB
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| An array of Wilcoxon VS205 vector sensors has been designed, fabricated and deployed at-sea in the shallow waters off the Scripps Institution of Oceanography pier during August of 2008. |
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| Mass-Rearing Hydrellia Pakistanae Deonier and H. balciunasi Bock for the Management of Hydrilla verticillata |
Jun-2009 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Nathan Harms; Michael Grodowitz; Julie Nachtrieb; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER LEWISVILLE TX LEWISVILLE AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM RESEARCH FACILITY
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| This technical note summarizes the development and application of mass-rearing techniques using ponds at the U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) Lewisville Aquatic Ecosystem Research Facility (LAERF), Lewisville, TX for the biological control agents Hydrellia pakistanae Deonier and H. balciunasi Bock for use on Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle. Information is provided on rearing methods, releases, and associated costs. |
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| Regional Disease Vector Ecology Profile. Southeast Asia |
Jun-2009 |
168 pages |
| Authors:
ARMED FORCES PEST MANAGEMENT BOARD WASHINGTON DC
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| Disease Vector Ecology Profiles (DVEPs) summarize unclassified literature on medically important arthropods, vertebrates and plants that may adversely affect troops in specific countries or regions of the world. Primary emphasis is on the epidemiology of arthropod-borne diseases and the bionomics and control of disease vectors. DVEPs have proven to be of significant value to commanders, medical planners, preventive medicine personnel, and particularly medical entomologists. These people use the information condensed ... |
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| Fin Whales in the Mediterranean Sea: Habitat Identification and Oceanographic Characterization |
Jun-2009 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
Bruce R Mate; OREGON STATE UNIV CORVALLIS
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| This project identified the seasonal distribution and movements of fin whales in the Mediterranean Sea with satellite-monitored radio tags in relation to environmental parameters: sea surface temperature, chlorophyll concentration, current movement, primary production and prey abundance in collaboration with the laboratory of Dr. Christophe Guinet. By comparing these movements with the environmental parameters, a better understanding of fin whale ecology will be possible. The telemetry information will enable collaborators to ... |
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| Cruise Report for the April 2009 Gulf of Alaska Line- Transect Survey (GOALS) in the Navy Training Exercise Area |
Jun-2009 |
39 pages |
| Authors:
John Calambokidis; Brenda K Rone; Annie B Douglas; Phil Clapham; Anthony Martinez; Laura J Morse; NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION MIAMI FL SOUTHEAST FISHERIES SCIENCE CENTER
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| The United States Navy, which maintains a maritime training area in the central Gulf of Alaska (GoA), funded a vessel-based line-transect survey during April 2009 to determine marine mammal species distribution and abundance in the training area. The survey cruise employed multiple observation techniques, including visual and passive acoustic observations, as well as photographic identifications. Results of the survey are presented in this document. During the survey cruise, fin whales ... |
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| The Corps of Engineers and Prairie Restoration: Synopsis of the First Corps Prairie Workshop, Follow-up Actions, and Thoughts on the Future of Prairie Restoration and Management on Operational Projects |
Jun-2009 |
52 pages |
| Authors:
Pamela Bailey; Chester O Martin; E P Peloquin; Michael A Watkins; Mandy E Like; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS
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| The restoration of native prairie ecosystems has emerged as an important natural resources land management issue on many Corps of Engineers operational projects. A Corps-wide data call in 2004-2005 re- vealed that at least 21 Districts and 172 projects were involved to some extent in prairie/grassland restoration and management efforts. A need was recognized for greater attention to managing grassland ecosystems on Corp projects, and the first Corps of Engineers ... |
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| Elucidating Mechanisms of Farnesyltransferase Inhibitor Action and Resistance in Breast Cancer by Bioluminescence Imaging |
Jun-2009 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
David Piwnica-Worms; Ken Blumer; WASHINGTON UNIV ST LOUIS MO
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| Prenyltransferase inhibitors (FTIs & GGTIs) block post-translational processing of Ras-like GTPases that have key roles in breast cancer. However, FTIs have yet to be used widely in breast cancer therapy because it is not yet possible to identify patients likely to be FTI-sensitive or to use combinatorial therapy to broaden the spectrum of patients that respond to FTIs. A new lentiviral-based prenylation responsive bioluminescence reporter system has been constructed and ... |
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| Phytoplankton Enumeration and Evaluation Experiments |
May-2009 |
123 pages |
| Authors:
E J Lemieux; S Riley; T Wier; C Scianni; S Smith; N Welshmeyer; D Anderson; K Burns; D Kulis; L Drake; B N Nelson; P Herring; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB KEY WEST FL
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| A workshop was held 6-16 January 2008 to evaluate the ability of various analysis methods to detect, enumerate, and determine the viability of phytoplankton at concentrations to be expected after treatment by successful ballast water treatment systems. Researchers from Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute, Moss Landing Marine Laboratory, Naval Research Laboratory, and Fluid Imaging Technologies were provided with six samples with known concentrations of live and dead Tetraselmis species in prepared ... |
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| Comparative Phylogeography of Neotropical Birds |
May-2009 |
134 pages |
| Authors:
Curtis W Burney; LOUISIANA STATE UNIV BATON ROUGE
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| Despite the theoretical link between the ecology and the population genetics of species, little empirical evidence is available that corroborates the association. Here, I examined genetic variation in 40 co-distributed species of lowland Neotropical rainforest birds that have populations isolated on either side of the Andes, Amazon River, and Madeira River. I found widely varying levels of genetic divergence among these taxa between the same biogeographic barriers. My investigation of ... |
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| Nomenclature and the National Wetland Plant List |
May-2009 |
14 pages |
| Authors:
Robert Lichvar; John Kartesz; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER HANOVER NH COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB
|
| The National Wetland Plant List (NWPL) is being revised by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and the Natural Resources Conservation Service. This Technical Note describes how changes in botanical nomenclature are being handled in the 2009 revision of the NWPL. The current list used for delineation purposes is the 1988 list (referred to here as the 88 list) ... |
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| Underwater Detonations at the Silver Strand Training Complex: Effects on Marine Mammals |
30-Apr-2009 |
87 pages |
| Authors:
Glenn H Mitchell; Tiffini J Brookens; Stephen A Jordan; NAVAL UNDERSEA WARFARE CENTER DIV NEWPORT RI
|
| The Commander of the U.S. Pacific Fleet is preparing an environmental impact statement (EIS) for activities at the Silver Strand Training Complex (SSTC). Training often involves the use of small explosives for various purposes, such as to disable underwater mines or defend ports. Explosions release very brief, intense sound energy with spectral characteristics spanning a wide band of frequencies. As a part of the SSTC EIS development, a quantitative analysis ... |
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| Monitoring Cetaceans in the North Pacific |
Apr-2009 |
18 pages |
| Authors:
Kathleen M Stafford; WASHINGTON UNIV SEATTLE APPLIED PHYSICS LAB
|
| Two projects were undertaken to monitor cetaceans in the North Pacific. The first was designed to obtain passive acoustic data from the U.S. Navy's Northern Edge Range. Three instruments were deployed in April 2008 to monitor both high (up to 25 kHz) and low (up to 1 kHz) frequencies for odontocetes and mysticetes, respectively. Unfortunately, these instruments did not record any data. The second project was to analyze retrospective data ... |
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| Feasibility of Biomonitoring of Exposure to Permethrin Through Analysis of Long-Lived (Metabolite) Adducts to Proteins |
Apr-2009 |
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| Authors:
Daan Noort; TNO DEFENCE SECURITY AND SAFETY RIJSWIJK (NETHERLANDS)
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| Biomonitoring of exposure to the insecticide permethrin is usually performed by analysis of its urinary metabolite 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA). However, urinary metabolites have the disadvantage that they are rapidly excreted. We are engaged in the development of a methodology to assess the cumulative internal dose of exposure to permethrin, which is based on the assumption that (reactive) glucuronide conjugates of the major permethrin metabolites 3-PBA and cis/trans-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (cis/trans-Cl2CA) will ... |
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| Poppy Eradication in Afghanistan: Why Isn't It Working? |
17-Mar-2009 |
46 pages |
| Authors:
Sharon L Firewicz; MARINE CORPS COMBAT DEVELOPMENT COMMAND QUANTICO VA
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| Poppy eradication in Afghanistan is not working. Despite the millions of dollars spent annually by the United States government, non-government agencies, and a variety of international partners, Afghanistan continues to be the global leader in the production of this illicit crop. Decades of war and political instability are making any attempts at eradication of the opium poppy in Afghanistan virtually meaningless. This landlocked and mountainous country, which has experienced years ... |
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| Nonlinear Acoustics in Cicada Mating Calls Enhance Sound Propagation |
01-Mar-2009 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
Derke R Hughes; Albert H Nuttall; Richard A Katz; G C Carter; NAVAL UNDERSEA WARFARE CENTER DIV NEWPORT RI
|
| An analysis of cicada mating calls, measured in field experiments, indicates that the very high levels of acoustic energy radiated by this relatively small insect are mainly attributed to the nonlinear characteristics of the signal. The cicada emits one of the loudest sounds in all of the insect population with a sound production system occupying a physical space typically less than 3 cc. The sounds made by tymbals are amplified ... |
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| Acute Effects of an Alternative Electronic-Control-Device Waveform in Swine |
01-Mar-2009 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
James R Jauchem; Charles W Beason; Michael C Cook; GENERAL DYNAMICS ADVANCED INFORMATION SYSTEMS BROOKS CITY-BASE TX
|
| In previous studies, repeated 5-s exposures of anesthetized swine to an electronic control device (TASER International's Advanced TASER X26 device) resulted in acidosis and increases in blood electrolytes. In the current study, experiments were performed to investigate effects of longer continuous exposures to a different electronic control device waveform. After intramuscular injection of tiletamine HCl and zolazepam HCl, anesthesia was maintained with propofol infusion. Ten swine were exposed to either ... |
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| Modeling Thermal Inactivation of Bacillus Spores |
Mar-2009 |
94 pages |
| Authors:
Emily A Knight; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT
|
| This research models and analyzes methods to damage Bacillus anthracis spores through heat treatment. AFIT researchers have developed methods to characterize the effects of heating spores to high temperatures and for short durations similar to the thermal pulse of conventional weapon detonation. This research models the current experiment and evaluates the rate of thermal diffusion throughout the spores. A micro-model of the effects of dry and wet heating on a ... |
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| Overwintering of Anopheles Lindesayi Japonicus Larvae in the Republic of Korea |
Mar-2009 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Heung-Chul Kim; William J Sames; Sung-Tae Chong; In-Yong Lee; Dong-Kyu Lee; Hyun-Doo Kim; Leopoldo M Rueda; Terry A Klein; WALTER REED ARMY INST OF RESEARCH SILVER SPRING MD DEPT OF ENTOMOLOGY
|
| Mosquito larval surveillance for environmental monitoring and pest-control purposes was conducted monthly at dredged soil-dumping areas during the construction of a new harbor in Yongcheon Bay, approximately 5 km SE of Jinhae, on the SW side of Namsan (Mt. Nam) and across the bay from Su-do (Su Island) in Gyeongsangnam Province, Republic of Korea (ROK) from November 2007 through April 2008. During this study, mosquitoes collected as overwintering larvae were ... |
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| Ethnicity and Prostate Cancer: Vitamin D Genetic and Sociodemographic Factors |
Mar-2009 |
46 pages |
| Authors:
Kathleen C Torkko; COLORADO UNIV HEALTH SCIENCES CENTER AURORA CO
|
| During the 2nd year of the grant, genotyping and sociodemographic survey development and distribution was started and is on-going. The sociodemographic survey was developed, tested, and approved by the local internal review board. Initial distribution of the survey was carried out in January 2009. A second mailing is currently underway. So far approximately 50% of men have responded. Men who have not responded to two mailings will be asked to ... |
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| A Bioinformatic Approach to Inter Functional Interactions within Protein Sequences |
23-Feb-2009 |
50 pages |
| Authors:
Geoffrey I Webb; James C Whisstock; MONASH UNIV CLAYTON (AUSTRALIA)
|
| The primary purpose of the current project was to evaluate the techniques they had developed to infer functional interactions between the sites within a protein and, if appropriate, refine them in the light of the results of evaluation. The initial results revealed significant limitations of their preliminary approaches. As a result of this project, it is now apparent that deep understanding of the significance of co-evolution between sites within a ... |
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| Spider Silk Spun and Integrated into Composites |
20-Feb-2009 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
Fritz Vollrath; OXFORD UNIV (UNITED KINGDOM)
|
| We gained significant new insights into the role of hydration for silks with our data allowing us to model in considerable detail the interaction between silk molecules and water. Our fibre and feedstock experiments demonstrated that the hierachical morphology in the patterning and mesophase assembly is spatially optimised. Our multiscale model, based on experimental data collected iteratively and focussing on the control of energy storage (strength) and dissipation (toughness) at ... |
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| Eliciting Action Potentials from Epidermal Stimulation of Skin Receptors Using Ultrashort Laser Pulses |
Feb-2009 |
16 pages |
| Authors:
Robert J Thomas; Douglas N Goddard; Michelle Imholte; Nicole Jindra; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB BROOKS CITY-BASE TX HUMAN PERFORMANCE WING (711TH)
|
| Measurements of laser stimulated action potentials in the sciatic nerve of leopard frogs (Rana pipiens) were made using two ultrashort pulsed infrared lasers. The dorsal sides of the frog's hind limbs were exposed to 1540 nm and 1064 nm wavelengths at three separate spot sizes: 2 mm, 3 mm, and 4 mm. Energy density thresholds were determined for eliciting an action potential at each experimental condition. Results from these exposures ... |
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| Assessing Withering Syndrome Resistance in California Black Abalone: Implications for Conservation and Restoration |
29 Jan 2009 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Hunter S Lenihan; CALIFORNIA UNIV SANTA BARBARA
|
| Project Hypotheses Our overall research objectives were to (1) assess population trends along San Nicolas Island and in Monterey County; (2) optimize black abalone spawning methods; (3) develop and validate a real-time PCR assay for quantification of RLP loads (infection intensity); and (4) examine if progeny of surviving black abalone along the California islands are more resistant to WS than are animals without this disease pressure. At UCSB we were ... |
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| Alpha-Helical Protein Domains Unify Strength and Robustness through Hierarchical Nanostructures |
23-Jan-2009 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
Theodor Ackbarow; Markus J Buehler; MASSACHUSETTS INST OF TECH CAMBRIDGE OFFICE OF SPONSORED RESEARCH
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| Hierarchical nanostructures, ranging through atomistic, molecular and macroscopic scales, represent universal features of biological protein materials. Here we show for the case of alpha-helical (AH) protein domains that this use of molecular hierarchies within the structural arrangement leads to an extended physical dimension in the material design space that resolves the conflict between disparate material properties such as strength and robustness, a limitation faced by many synthetic materials. An optimal ... |
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| Abiotic Reductive Dechlorination of Tetrachloroethylene and Trichloroethylene in Anaerobic Environments |
15 Jan 2009 |
74 pages |
| Authors:
Elizabeth C Butler; Yiran Dong; Xiaoming Liang; Tomasz Kuder; R P Philp; Lee R Krumholz; OKLAHOMA UNIV NORMAN
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| Tetrachloroethylene (PCE) and trichloroethylene (TCE) are among the most frequently detected ground water contaminants at industrial sites, including many DoD facilities. Due to the high cost and uneven performance of traditional remediation technologies, monitored natural attenuation is emerging as a new technology for ground water remediation of pollutants such as these. In addition, there is growing interest in active remediation technologies that employ abiotic minerals. PCE and TCE are susceptible ... |
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| Evaluation of Commercial and Field-Expedient Baited Traps for House Flies, Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae) |
09-Jan-2009 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
Todd W Walker; Christopher J Geden; Daniel E Szumlas; AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE GAINESVILLE FL CENTER FOR MEDICAL AGRICULTURAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY
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| A comparison of nine commercial baited fly traps on Florida dairy farms demonstrated that Terminator traps collected significantly more (13,323/trap) house flies (Musca domestica L.) than the others tested. Final Flight, Fly Magnet, and FliesBeGone traps collected intermediate numbers of flies (834-2,166), and relatively few were caught with ISCA, Advantage, Fermone Big Boy, Squeeze & Snap, or OakStump traps (300). Terminator traps collected about twice as many flies (799.8/trap) as ... |
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| The Impact of Harmful Algal Blooms on USACE Operations |
Jan-2009 |
16 pages |
| Authors:
I Linkov; F K Satterstrom; D Loney; J A Steevens; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS
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| Algal blooms have recently attracted significant attention due to their human and ecological effects. The aim of this technical note is to assess the importance of freshwater harmful algal blooms (HABs) to U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) operations through a literature review and surveys from regional Corps personnel who manage algal blooms and related issues. This note discusses algal bloom formation factors, occurrence, impact, and management for both the ... |
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| Applying an Avian Index of Biological Integrity to Assess and Monitor Arid and Semi-arid Riparian Ecosystems |
Jan-2009 |
23 pages |
| Authors:
Michael P Guilfoyle; James S Wakeley; Richard A Fischer; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS
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| Effective tools to monitor and evaluate ecosystem change are needed to measure the impacts of human activity and determine whether ecosystem protection or restoration are needed or are even reasonable options to minimize continued degradation and loss of natural resources (Karr 1991, 2005; Karr and Chu 1999). The problem is how to accurately measure and monitor human induced impacts in highly complex and continually changing environments. The Index of Biological ... |
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Biology
