| Establishing Baseline Subsurface Light Fields for the Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sancturay |
12 Apr 2011 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Jason K Jolliff; Richard W Gould; Sergio deRada; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
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 | The Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary (FGBNMS) consists of three separate areas in the northwestern Gulf of Mexico where salt dome crests rise to within approx. 18-meters of the surface from an outer-continental shelf relief of 100-150-meters, and these geologic features provide a platform for unique coral reef ecosystems. It is known that such ecosystems are sensitive to photon flux variability, and this is particularly the case for Mesophotic ... |
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| The Relationship Among Oceanography, Prey Fields, and Beaked Whale Foraging Habitat in the Tongue of the Ocean |
Apr 2011 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
Elliott L Hazen; Douglas P St Nowacek; Louis Laurent; Patrick N Halpin; David J Moretti; NAVAL UNDERSEA WARFARE CENTER DIV NEWPORT RI
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| Beaked whales, specifically Blainville's (Mesoplodon densirostris) and Cuvier's (Ziphius cavirostris), are known to feed in the Tongue of the Ocean, Bahamas. These whales can be reliably detected and often localized within the Atlantic Undersea Test and Evaluation Center (AUTEC) acoustic sensor system. The AUTEC range is a regularly spaced bottom mounted hydrophone array covering 350 sq nm providing a valuable network to record anthropogenic noise and marine mammal vocalizations. Assessments ... |
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| Physical, Nutrient, and Biological Measurements of Coastal Waters off Central California in July 2010 |
APR 2011 |
109 pages |
| Authors:
Thomas A. Rago; Reiko Michisaki; Baldo Marinovic; Marguerite Blum; Katherine Whitaker; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA DEPT OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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| The results of analyses of hydrographic, nutrient, and biological data collected in coastal ocean waters off Central California in July 2010 aboard the NOAA Ship McArthur-II are presented in both tabular and graphical form. The cruise departed from San Francisco, California, and proceeded offshore along CalCOFI Line 60 to station 90, thence southeastward to CalCOFI Line 67 at station 90, and finally shoreward along CalCOFI Line 67 to Moss Landing, ... |
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| Beaked Whales Respond to Simulated and Actual Navy Sonar |
14 Mar 2011 |
17 pages |
| Authors:
Peter L Tyack; Walter M Zimmer; David Moretti; Brandon L Southall; Diane E Claridge; John W Durban; Christopher W Clark; Angela D'Amico; Nanvy DiMarzio; Susan Jarvis; NAVAL UNDERSEA WARFARE CENTER DIV NEWPORT RI
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| Beaked whales have mass stranded during some naval sonar exercises, but the cause is unknown. They are difficult to sight but can reliably be detected by listening for echolocation clicks produced during deep foraging dives. Listening for these clicks, we documented Blainville's beaked whales, Mesoplodon densirostris, in a naval underwater range where sonars are in regular use near Andros Island, Bahamas. An array of bottom-mounted hydrophones can detect beaked whales ... |
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| Biological and Behavioral Response Studies of Marine Mammals in Southern California, 2010 (SOCAL-10) |
26 Feb 2011 |
30 pages |
| Authors:
B Southall; J Calambokidis; P Tyack; D Moretti; J Hildebrand; C Kyburg; R Carlson; A Friedlaender; E Falcone; G Schorr; CASCADIA RESEARCH COLLECTIVE OLYMPIA WA
|
| SOCAL-10 was a scientific research project conducted in Aug-Sept 2010 in the Southern California Bight. The overall objective was to provide a better understanding of marine mammal behavior, while providing direct scientific data for the Navy and regulatory agencies to estimate risk and minimize adverse effects of human sounds, particularly military sonar. SOCAL-10 extended previous studies in the Bahamas (2007-08) and Mediterranean Sea (2009) of whether and how marine mammals ... |
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| Neutrophilic Iron-Oxidizing Zetaproteobacteria and Mild Steel Corrosion in Nearshore Marine Environments |
16 Feb 2011 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Joyce M McBeth; Brenda J Little; Richard I Ray; Katherine M Farrar; David Emerson; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
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| Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) of mild steel in seawater is an expensive and enduring problem. Little attention has been paid to the role of neutrophilic, lithotrophic, iron-oxidizing bacteria (FeOB) in MIC. The goal of this study was to determine if marine FeOB related to Monprofundus are involved in this process. To examine this, field incubations and laboratory microcosm experiments were conducted. Mild steel samples incubated in nearshore environments were colonized ... |
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| Movements and Spatial Use of False Killer Whales in Hawaii: Satellite Tagging Studies in 2009 |
07 Feb 2011 |
19 pages |
| Authors:
Robin W Baird; Gregory S Schorr; Daniel L Webster; Daniel J McSweeney; M B Hanson; Russel D Andrews; CASCADIA RESEARCH COLLECTIVE OLYMPIA WA
|
| Movements and spatial use of Hawaiian insular false killer whales was examined using data from nine individuals satellite-tagged in 2009; five tagged off the island of O'ahu in October and four tagged off the island of Hawai'i in December. A total of 3,782 locations were available after filtering, over periods up to 104.8 days (median = 70.7 days), more than doubling the location data available from this population. Assessment of ... |
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| Using Digital Acoustic Recording Tags to Detect Marine Mammals on Navy Ranges and Study their Responses to Naval Sonar |
Feb 2011 |
92 pages |
| Authors:
Peter L Tyack; WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION MA
|
| This project developed methods and tools to monitor cetaceans including species of beaked whale that mass strand during some naval sonar exercises, defined the acoustic exposures that start to pose a risk, and developed methods to study how beaked and other whales respond to sonar and other sounds. |
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| Multiscale Physical and Biological Dynamics in the Philippines Archipelago: Predictions and Processes |
Jan 2011 |
29 pages |
| Authors:
Pierre F Lermusiaux; Haley; Patrick J Jr; Wayne G Leslie; Arpit Agarwal; Oleg Logutov; Lisa J Burton; MASSACHUSETTS INST OF TECH CAMBRIDGE DEPT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
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| The Philippine Archipelago is remarkable by the complexity of its geometry with multiple islands and passages and by its multiscale dynamics from the large-scale open-ocean and atmospheric forcing to the strong tides and internal waves in narrow straits and at steep shelfbreaks. We utilize our multi-resolution modeling system to predict and study multiscale dynamics in the region without the use of any synoptic in situ data so as to evaluate ... |
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| Mechanics, Hydrodynamics and Energetics of Blue Whale Lunge Feeding: Efficiency Dependence on Krill Density |
Jan 2011 |
17 pages |
| Authors:
J A Goldbogen; J Calambokidis; E Oleson; J Potvin; N D Pyenson; G Schorr; R E Shadwick; BRITISH COLUMBIA UNIV VANCOUVER DEPT OF ZOOLOGY
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| Lunge feeding by rorqual whales (Balaenopteridae) is associated with a high energetic cost that decreases diving capacity, thereby limiting access to dense prey patches at depth. Despite this cost, rorquals exhibit high rates of lipid deposition and extremely large maximum body size. To address this paradox, we integrated kinematic data from digital tags with unsteady hydrodynamic models to estimate the energy budget for lunges and foraging dives of blue whales ... |
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| Effects of COREXIT (registered trademark) EC9500A on Bacteria from a Beach Oiled by the Deepwater Horizon Spill |
Jan 2011 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Leila J Hamdan; Preston A Fulmer; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC
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| Hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria are important for controlling the fate of natural and anthropogenic hydrocarbons in the marine environment. In the wake of the Deepwater Horizon spill in the Gulf of Mexico, microbial communities will be important for the natural attenuation of the effects of the spill. The chemical dispersant COREXIT(registered) EC9500A was widely deployed during the response to the Deepwater Horizon incident. Although toxicity tests confirm that COREXIT(R) EC9500A does not ... |
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| Laser System Usage in the Marine Environment: Applications and Environmental Considerations |
Dec 2010 |
42 pages |
| Authors:
Brandon Swope; SPACE AND NAVAL WARFARE SYSTEMS CENTER PACIFIC SAN DIEGO CA
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| This report assesses potential environmental impacts of laser systems on organisms found living in the marine environment. To accomplish this objective, the major laser systems used by the Navy in a marine setting were defined, Environmental Impact Statements (EISs) for various ranges were reviewed, and naval researchers were queried to determine the most prominent laser system usage. Once the predominant laser systems were identified, a list of biological groups that ... |
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| Monitoring Cetaceans in the North Pacific: Analysis of Retrospective SOSUS Data and Acoustic Detection on the Northern Edge Range |
DEC 2010 |
41 pages |
| Authors:
Kathleen Stafford; WASHINGTON UNIV SEATTLE APPLIED PHYSICS LAB
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| To comply with environmental laws, the U.S. Navy has increasingly relied on acoustic detection and tracking for marine mammal monitoring/mitigation. In the North Pacific, much of what is known about large whale seasonal occurrence comes from Sound Surveillance System (SOSUS) arrays. SOSUS provides broad basin-scale assessments of large whale seasonal occurrence, but cannot provide detail at the regional level, in particular here for the Navy's Northern Edge (Training) Range in ... |
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| The Relationship Between Acoustic Target Strength and Body Length for Atlantic Sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus) |
Oct 2010 |
25 pages |
| Authors:
Kevin Reine; Douglas Clarke; Charles Dickerson; Christopher Hager; Matthew Balazik; Gregory Garmin; Albert Spell; Charles Frederickson; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS
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| Results of the present study emphasize the necessity of determining species specific acoustic target strength (TS)-length relationships for sturgeon before fisheries hydroacoustics studies of sturgeon (or many other species) can be pursued. Using conventional log (base 10) equation structure, TS-TL equations were derived with acceptable goodness of fit for data describing Atlantic sturgeon in two distinct size categories. However, when the data for all tested sturgeon were combined to produce ... |
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| Improving Attachments of Remotely-Deployed Dorsal Fin-Mounted Tags: Tissue Structure, Hydrodynamics, in Situ Performance, and Tagged-Animal Follow-Up |
30 Sep 2010 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Russel D Andrews; Robin W Baird; Gregory S Schorr; Rajat Mittal; Laurens E Howle; M B Hanson; ALASKA UNIV FAIRBANKS
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| We recently developed small satellite-linked telemetry tags that are anchored to the dorsal fin with small attachment darts. These tags have been remotely-deployed onto the dorsal fins of small- and medium-sized cetaceans, opening up the potential to monitor the movements of numerous species not previously accessible because they were too large or difficult to capture safely, but too small for tags that implant deeply within the body. Our main goal ... |
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| Mid-Frequency Sonar Interactions with Beaked Whales |
30 Sep 2010 |
|
| Authors:
Kenneth G Foote; Gonzalo R Feijoo; Kent Rye; Joy Reidenberg; Mardi Hastings; WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION MA
|
 | The top-level goal of this project is to build an interactive online modeling and visualization system, called the Virtual Beaked Whale, to enable users to predict mid-frequency sonar-induced acoustic fields inside beaked whales and other marine mammals. Another high-level goal is to acquire new high-resolution morphometric and physical-property data on beaked whales for use in the model. It is hoped that the availability of such a system, together with high-quality ... |
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| The Maury Project |
30 Sep 2010 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
James A Brey; AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY WASHINGTON DC
|
| The Maury Project is an oceanography-based graduate-level teacher enhancement program, designed to promote the scientific literacy of young people by improving the background of pre-college teachers on the physical foundations of oceanography. The training of teachers is through a peer-training process of training the trainers at a two-week workshop held at the US Naval Academy and subsequently via single-topic modules presented in sessions presented throughout the United States. This project ... |
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| Cetaceans and Naval Sonar: Behavioral Response as a Function of Sonar Frequency |
30 Sep 2010 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Patrick Miller; SAINT ANDREWS UNIV (UNITED KINGDOM) GATTY MARINE LABORATORY
|
| The current research program, begun 01 July 2008, seeks to more fully quantify behavioral response of cetaceans to sonar as a function of the frequency band utilized by the sonar. A second objective of the research program is to continue to monitor the movements and behavior of killer whales in relation to future FLOTEX naval exercises, if possible. The project is motivated both by the applied need to assess the ... |
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| Episodic Upwelling of Zooplankton within a Bowhead Whale Feeding Area near Barrow, AK |
30 Sep 2010 |
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| Authors:
Carin J Ashjian; Robert G Campbell; Stephen R Okkonen; Kathleen M Stafford; WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION MA DEPT OF BIOLOGY
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| Our overall objectives are to explicitly identify and document the occurrence, frequency, and persistence of wind-driven shelf-slope exchange events at the Barrow Canyon and the Beaufort shelf breaks during the summer and early fall in association with the presence of ice cover, water column stratification, and the presence of bowhead whales and to further document short-term and interannual variability in the ocean system and how this variability is associated with ... |
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| Acoustic Detection, Behavior, and Habitat Use of Deep-Diving Odontocetes |
30 Sep 2010 |
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| Authors:
Mark Johnson; Peter Tyack; Natacha Aguilar; Alberto Brito; Peter Madsen; WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION MA
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| Passive acoustic monitoring is a key enabling technology in mitigating the effects of Naval activities on sound-sensitive cetaceans. The goals of this project are to obtain and disseminate critical information needed for the design of acoustic monitoring systems while seeking also to define behavioral modes that may help explain the acoustic sensitivity of some species. (1) Develop and evaluate passive acoustic detection/classification methods for click and whistle sounds produced by ... |
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| Fine-scale Survey of Right and Humpback Whale Prey Abundance and Distribution |
30 Sep 2010 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
Joseph D Warren; STATE UNIV OF NEW YORK AT STONY BROOK SOUTHAMPTON SCHOOL OF MARINE AND ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
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| The long-term goals of this project are to describe the distribution and abundance of zooplankton prey over small spatial and temporal scales and to use this data to provide information which will be of use to scientists studying whale behavior. We are working closely with scientists studying the behavior and movement of both right and humpback whales and the combination of the two data sets will provide us information into ... |
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| Light Scattering by Marine Particles: Modeling with Non-spherical Shapes |
30 SEP 2010 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Howard R. Gordon; MIAMI UNIV CORAL GABLES FL DEPT OF PHYSICS
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| The long-term scientific goal of my research is to better understand the distribution of phytoplankton in the world's oceans through remote sensing their influence on the optical properties of the water. An associated goal is the understanding of the absorption and backscattering properties of marine particles in terms of the distributions of their size, shape, and composition. |
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| Acoustic Behavior of North Atlantic Right Whale (Eubalaena glacialis) Mother-Calf Pairs |
30 SEP 2010 |
4 pages |
| Authors:
Susan E. Parks; Sofie Van Parijs; NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION WOODS HOLE MA NATIONAL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE
|
| The long-term goal of this project is to quantify the behavior of mother-calf pairs from the North Atlantic right whale (Eubalaena glacialis) to determine (a) why mothers and calves are more susceptible to collisions with vessels and, (b) determine the vocal behavior of this critical life stage to assess the effectiveness of passive acoustic monitoring to detect mother-calf pairs in important habitat areas. The primary objectives of this project are ... |
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| 3S2-Behavioral Response Studies of Cetaceans to Naval Signals in Norwegian Waters |
30 SEP 2010 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
Peter L. Tyack; WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION MA
|
| The long term goal of this international cooperative research program is to investigate behavioral reactions and the sound exposures required to elicit them of herring, killer whales, pilot whales and sperm whales to Low Frequency Active Sonar (LFAS) and Mid Frequency Active Sonar (MFAS) signals, in order to establish safety limits for sonar operations for these species. The hypothesis that we are exploring in our current research program is that ... |
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| 3S2: Behavioral Response Studies of Cetaceans to Navy Sonar Signals in Norwegian Waters |
30 SEP 2010 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Patrick Miller; SAINT ANDREWS UNIV (UNITED KINGDOM) GATTY MARINE LABORATORY
|
| Data on the responsiveness of cetaceans to sonar signals are lacking, with only a few species having been studied in relation to a few types of sonar signals, mostly SURTASS-LFA (Nowacek et al., 2007). Marine mammals have been shown to react to underwater noise (Richardson et al., 1995), and captive research has documented hearing (Schlundt et al., 2000) and stress (Romano et al., 2004) effects at high received levels. To ... |
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| Acoustic Seaglider(Trademark) for Beaked Whale Detection |
30 SEP 2010 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Neil M. Bogue; Jim Luby; WASHINGTON UNIV SEATTLE APPLIED PHYSICS LAB
|
| This effort exists within a group dedicated to the use of autonomous underwater vehicles, and buoyancy-driven gliders in particular, to support Navy missions. The group generally uses the Seaglider, developed at the Applied Physics Laboratory of the University of Washington (APL-UW), and develops or adapts instruments and glider behavior to support specific mission requirements. This group is informally called the Applied Seaglider Group, whose acronym, ASG, is also used to ... |
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| Passive Autonomous Acoustic Monitoring of Marine Mammals: System Development Using Seaglider(Trademark) |
30 SEP 2010 |
4 pages |
| Authors:
Neil M. Bogue; Jim Luby; WASHINGTON UNIV SEATTLE APPLIED PHYSICS LAB
|
| This effort exists within a group dedicated to the use of autonomous underwater vehicles, and buoyancy-driven gliders in particular, to support Navy missions. The group generally uses the Seaglider, developed at the Applied Physics Laboratory of the University of Washington (APL-UW), and develops or adapts instruments and glider behavior to support specific mission requirements. This group is informally called the Applied Seaglider Group, whose acronym, ASG, is also used to ... |
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| Beaked Whale Presence, Habitat, and Sound Production in the North Pacific |
30 SEP 2010 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
John A. Hildebrand; Mark A. McDonald; SCRIPPS INSTITUTION OF OCEANOGRAPHY LA JOLLA CA
|
| The project is motivated by the need to understand beaked whale distribution and habitat, and the need for classification of these species from passive acoustic data. By studying beaked whale presence, habitat and sound production, the Navy will be better prepared to conduct environmental impact assessments in the North Pacific, a region of significant training activity. In addition, fundamental information will be gained on beaked whale foraging ecology. Our objective ... |
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| Behavioral Response of Dolphins to Signals Simulating Mid-Frequency Sonar |
30 SEP 2010 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
Dorian S. Houser; James J. Finneran; Laura Yates
|
| The ultimate goal of the behavioral response study, which includes dolphin and sea lion subjects, is to provide data on the response of marine mammals to the exposure of sonar-like signals across a range of receive levels (dB re 1 microPa). The study is designed to provide data for risk functions used by the United States Navy in predictions of harassment as defined under the Marine Mammal Protection Act. The ... |
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| Beta Testing of Persistent Passive Acoustic Monitors |
30 SEP 2010 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Mark Johnson; Dave Fratantoni; Mark Baumgartner; Tom Hurst; WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION MA
|
| Long-endurance oceanographic sampling platforms such as gliders and profiling floats provide a new opportunity for acquiring acoustic signals from marine animals with immediate applications in conservation and mitigation. Our objective is to produce a reliable system for persistent passive acoustic monitoring of marine animals. The system, comprising both low-power hardware and acoustic processing software, will be extensible and can be incorporated in a variety of autonomous platforms. The design will ... |
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| Bioluminescence Potential in the Transition Zone to Very Shallow Water (VSW) |
30 SEP 2010 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Mark A. Moline; CALIFORNIA POLYTECHNIC STATE UNIV SAN LUIS OBISPO BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES DEPT
|
| The long-term goal is to advance our understanding of the ecology of bioluminescent organisms and the mechanisms governing the temporal and depth-dependent variability of bioluminescence in the coastal ocean. With improvements in technology, finer-scale resolution and concurrent physical, chemical and biological data are available to advance our understanding of the forcing mechanisms governing the temporal and depth-dependent variability of bioluminescence in environments of Naval relevance. General patterns of bioluminescence potential ... |
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| Development and Validation of a Mobile, Autonomous, Broadband Passive Acoustic Monitoring System for Marine Mammals |
30 SEP 2010 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
David M. Frantoni; Mark F. Baumgartner; Mark P. Johnson; WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION MA
|
| Our long-range objective is to understand the oceanographic processes that influence the distribution of whales in the ocean. In support of this objective we are developing a fully-integrated autonomous acoustic observing system capable of detecting and classifying a wide range of marine mammal vocalizations (from blue whales to beaked whales; 10 Hz-100 kHz) with proven performance. This work will ultimately improve our ability to predict whale distribution and bolster efforts ... |
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| Development of an Autonomous, Compact, Broadband Acoustic Backscattering System for Remote Characterization of Zooplankton Variability (PART II) |
30 SEP 2010 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Andone C. Lavery; WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION MA DEPT OF APPLIED OCEAN PHYSICS AND ENGINEERING
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| The long term goal of this research is to develop autonomous, high-frequency broadband acoustic scattering techniques, appropriate for use on a variety of platforms, including towed, profiled, moored, and mobile platforms that enable the remote characterization of zooplankton distributions on ecologically relevant spatial and temporal scales. The primary objective of the proposed research is to develop, calibrate, and test an autonomous, compact, low-power, high-frequency broadband acoustic backscattering system for remote ... |
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| Distribution, Abundance and Population Structuring of Beaked Whales in the Great Bahama Canyon, Northern Bahamas |
30 SEP 2010 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
Diane E. Claridge; John W. Durban; NATIONAL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE LA JOLLA CA SOUTHWEST FISHERIES CENTER
|
| Atypical mass strandings of beaked whales have been correlated with naval sonar exercises (e.g. Simmonds and Lopez-Juraco 1991; Frantzis 1998; Evans and England 2001) highlighting a need for a better understanding of beaked whale population ecology. The long-term goal of this project is to fill key data gaps on the distribution, abundance, habitat use and population structuring of beaked whales in the Great Bahama Canyon. The study area includes the ... |
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| Cumulative and Synergistic Effects of Physical, Biological, and Acoustic Signals on Marine Mammal Habitat Use |
30 SEP 2010 |
14 pages |
| Authors:
Jennifer L. Miksis-Olds; Jeffrey A. Nystuen; David K. Mellinger; APPLIED RESEARCH LABORATORY STATE COLLEGE PA
|
| The long-term goal of this collaborative research effort is to enhance the understanding of how variability in physical, biological, and acoustic signals impact marine mammal habitat use. This is especially critical in areas like the Bering Sea where global climate change can lead to rapid changes of the entire ecosystem. Progressive climate change has the potential to expose areas of the Arctic and sub-Arctic that have been previously unavailable for ... |
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| Factors Influencing the Acoustic Behavior and Nearshore Residence of the Gray Whale (Eschrichtius Robustus) Along Their Migration Route |
30 SEP 2010 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Timothy J. Cowles; Kelly Benoit-Bird; David Mellinger; OREGON STATE UNIV CORVALLIS COLL OF OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
|
| Our long-term goal is to quantify the acoustic behavior of gray whales in the coastal waters of the Northeast Pacific Ocean and to characterize the link between coastal residency patterns of these migratory mammals and the distribution of hyperbenthic swarms of their primary prey (mysids). Several years of observations off the Oregon coast have revealed considerable interannual variability in the residence patterns of gray whales as well as in foraging ... |
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| Integration of Marine Mammal Movement and Behavior into the Effects of Sound on the Marine Environment |
30 SEP 2010 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
Dorian S. Houser; BIOMIMETICA SANTEE CA
|
| Integration of the Marine Mammal Movement and Behavior (3MB) model into the Effects of Sound on the Marine Environment (ESME) program contributes to the ultimate goal of creating an environmental assessment tool for activities that introduce high levels of sound into the ocean, particularly activities of the U.S. Navy. The objectives of the effort are to 1) expand the species library available for use in 3MB, 2) continue incorporating the ... |
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| Improved Satellite-Monitored Radio Tags for Large Whales: Dependable ARGOS Location-Only Tags and a GPS-Linked ARGOS Tag to Reveal 3-Dimensional Body-Orientation and Surface Movements |
30 SEP 2010 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Bruce Mate; OREGON STATE UNIV NEWPORT HATFIELD MARINE SCIENCE CENTER
|
| programmable, location-only (LO) Argos tag using contemporary technology will be available in two lengths and be adaptable to testing a variety of attachments. Ultimately, it will be suitable for many scientific users to track local and seasonal movements of medium to large whales over varying time scales (months to a year); and 2) an improved recoverable GPS/TDR tag will include 3-axis accelerometer and compass sensors to document the detailed dive ... |
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| Quantifying Effects of Mid-Frequency Sonar Transmissions on Fish and Whale |
30 SEP 2010 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
Kenneth G. Foote; WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION MA
|
| There are two high-level goals: to understand and quantify effects of mid-frequency (MF) sonar on fish and whale behavior through direct observation, and to investigate the potential usefulness of MF sonar in acoustic measurements of fish, including stock assessments. The initial objectives are to prove the usefulness of the Kongsberg TOPAS PS18 sub-bottom profiling parametric sonar for observing fish in the water column, and to establish protocols for calibrating the ... |
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| Radar Detection of Marine Mammals |
30 SEP 2010 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
Charles P. Forsyth; ARETE ASSOCIATES ARLINGTON VA
|
| The long term goal is to develop a radar solution for the detection of marine mammals using shipborne radar and demonstrate its performance. In particular, a solution using commercial surface search radars is desired as it provides a readily accessible technique for commercial shipping concerned about ship strike of marine mammals and/or detection for compliance with operating permits. There are two technical objectives for this work. The first is to ... |
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| Remote Monitoring of Dolphins and Whales in the High Naval Activity Areas in Hawaiian Waters |
30 SEP 2010 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Whitlow W. Au; Marc O. Lammers; HAWAII INST OF MARINE BIOLOGY KAILUA HI MARINE MAMMAL RESEARCH PROGRAM
|
| The axiom that knowledge is power applies directly to the problems experienced by the U.S. Navy in encountering dolphins and whales. These encounters can be avoided if more knowledge and understanding of the behavior, distribution, and movements of these animals. Simply stated, if the Navy had more knowledge of the what, where, when and why of marine mammals in a given body of water, encounters between Naval vessels and marine ... |
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| Fitting Models of the Population Consequences of Acoustic Disturbance to Data from Marine Mammal Populations |
30 SEP 2010 |
27 pages |
| Authors:
James S. Clark; Robert S. Schick; DUKE UNIV DURHAM NC NICHOLAS SCHOOL OF THE ENVIRONMENT AND EARTH SCIENCES
|
| Our scientific objectives are to build a statistical framework for understanding the at-sea health of (initially) three species of marine mammals: southern and northern elephant seals, and northern right whales. For elephant seals our goal is to build a hierarchical Bayesian model that provides daily estimates of lipid status, as lipid status of the mother is directly linked to pup survival. This model will use the drift dive behavior of ... |
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| Imaging the Lung Under Pressure |
30 SEP 2010 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
Peter L. Tyack; Andreas Fahlman; Michael Moore; Darlene Ketten; WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION MA
|
| Our main objective was to determine the elasticity (compliance) of the lower (alveoli) and upper (trachea and bronchi) respiratory system in marine mammals (seal and dolphin). A number of measurements will be used to estimate volumes of the respiratory system in deceased marine mammals at varying pressures (depths). We hypothesized that the anatomical differences in the respiratory system in different species would result in volume differences at equivalent conditions. Differences ... |
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| Importance of Thin Plankton Layers in Hawaiian Food Web Interactions: Research Spanning from Physical Circulation to Spinner Dolphins |
30 SEP 2010 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Kelly J. Benoit-Bird; Margaret A. McManus; OREGON STATE UNIV CORVALLIS COLL OF OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
|
| Our long-term goal is to develop the capability to predict the occurrence and consequences of layer structure and biological aggregations in coastal waters. Our goals during this study are (1) to quantify layered aggregations of the phytoplankton, zooplankton, and the nearshore sound-scattering layer around Hawaii, (2) to identify the physical, optical, and acoustical characteristics associated with these aggregations, (3) to assess the horizontal scales of coherence between these various levels ... |
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| In situ Validation of the Source of Thin Layers Detected by NOAA Airborne Fish Lidar |
30 SEP 2010 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Percy L. Donaghay; James Sullivan; Jan Rines; RHODE ISLAND UNIV NARRAGANSETT GRADUATE SCHOOL OF OCEANOGRAPHY
|
| Our long term goal is to understand how physical-biological, biological-biological and chemical-biological interactions control the formation, maintenance and dissipation of thin layers of plankton and how the resulting thin layers impact in situ and remote sensing technologies of critical interest to the Navy. We are also interested in improving our ability not only to detect, characterize and map the temporal and spatial extent of thin layers, but also to improve ... |
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| In situ Quantification of the Impact of Episodic Enhanced Turbulent Events on Large Phytoplankton |
30 SEP 2010 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
Percy L. Donaghay; Jan Rines; James Sullivan; RHODE ISLAND UNIV NARRAGANSETT GRADUATE SCHOOL OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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| Our long-term goal is to understand how physical-biological, biological-biological and chemical-biological interactions control the patch structure and ecology of phytoplankton inhabiting coastal shelves, upwelling areas, fjords and banks. We are especially interested in ways in which species-specific properties, including colony size and shape (diatoms) and motility (flagellates and photosynthetic ciliates) interact with physical processes to regulate phytoplankton dynamics and spatial-temporal distribution patterns. We wish to understand these processes in sufficient ... |
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| Marine Bioacoustics: Back to the Future |
30 SEP 2010 |
4 pages |
| Authors:
Charles H. Greene; KOHALA CENTER KAMUELA HI
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| The primary goal of our project is to provide advanced undergraduates, graduate students, and postdoctoral investigators with a broad understanding of ocean acoustics as well as the techniques used to study the ecology of marine animals in situ. By bringing together many of the top researchers in marine bioacoustics, biological oceanography, and marine biology, we provide students with a unique opportunity to work side by side with world experts using ... |
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| Passive Acoustic Methods for Tracking Marine Mammals Using Widely-Spaced Bottom-Mounted Hydrophones |
30 SEP 2010 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
Eva-Marie Nosal; HAWAII UNIV HONOLULU (MANOA CAMPUS)
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| The long-term goal of this project is to improve passive acoustic methods for tracking marine mammals, with primary effort dedicated to methods that use bottom-mounted hydrophones. When possible, tracking results are used to study marine mammal behavior and bioacoustics. The main objective of this project is to develop and implement methods to deal with two specific challenges associated with tracking marine mammals using widely-spaced bottom-mounted hydrophone arrays: (1) Multiple animals ... |
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| Planar Laser Imaging of Scattering and Fluorescence of Zooplankton Feeding in Layers of Phytoplankton in situ |
30 SEP 2010 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
Peter J. Franks; Jules S. Jaffe; SCRIPPS INSTITUTION OF OCEANOGRAPHY LA JOLLA CA
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| We intend to quantify the biological, physical, and chemical dynamics that structure marine planktonic ecosystems. Observations of the organisms and their environment on the spatial and temporal scales that characterize their interactions, combined with models of the dominant dynamics, will lead to improved understanding of the dynamics, structure, and function of planktonic ecosystems. Our objectives in this work are to 1) visualize and quantify herbivorous copepod feeding in the laboratory, ... |
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| Population Consequences of Acoustic Disturbance of Marine Mammals |
30 SEP 2010 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
Erica Fleishman; CALIFORNIA UNIV SANTA BARBARA
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| The long-term goal of this project is to improve understanding of how effects of marine sound on marine mammals transfer between behavior and life functions, and between life functions and vital rates. This understanding will facilitate assessment of the population-level effects of anthropogenic sound on marine mammals. In 2005, the U.S. National Academy of Sciences convened a National Research Council (NRC) committee that examined how the behavior of marine mammals ... |
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Biological Oceanography
